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Journal articles on the topic 'Boron atomic ions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Klose, J. Z., J. R. Fuhr, M. S. Price, and W. L. Wiese. "Atomic branching ratio data for boron-like ions." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 48, no. 1 (July 1992): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(92)90005-o.

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2

Ptak, A. J., K. S. Ziemer, M. R. Millecchia, C. D. Stinespring, and T. H. Myers. "Influence of Active Nitrogen Species on the Nitridation Rate of Sapphire." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300002398.

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The operating regimes of two rf-plasma sources, an Oxford CARS-25 and an EPI Unibulb, have been extensively characterized. By changing the exit aperture configuration and using an electrostatic deflector, the Oxford source could produce either primarily atomic nitrogen, atomic nitrogen mixed with low energy ions, or a large flux of higher energy ions (>65 eV) as the active species in a background of neutral molecular nitrogen. The EPI source produced a significant flux of metastable molecular nitrogen as the active species with a smaller atomic nitrogen component. Nitridation of sapphire using each source under the various operating conditions indicate that the reactivity was different for each type of active nitrogen. Boron contamination originating from the pyrolytic boron nitride plasma cell liner was observed.

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3

Xie, Kelvin Y., Qi An, Takanori Sato, Andrew J. Breen, Simon P. Ringer, William A. Goddard, Julie M. Cairney, and Kevin J. Hemker. "Breaking the icosahedra in boron carbide." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (October 6, 2016): 12012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607980113.

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Findings of laser-assisted atom probe tomography experiments on boron carbide elucidate an approach for characterizing the atomic structure and interatomic bonding of molecules associated with extraordinary structural stability. The discovery of crystallographic planes in these boron carbide datasets substantiates that crystallinity is maintained to the point of field evaporation, and characterization of individual ionization events gives unexpected evidence of the destruction of individual icosahedra. Statistical analyses of the ions created during the field evaporation process have been used to deduce relative atomic bond strengths and show that the icosahedra in boron carbide are not as stable as anticipated. Combined with quantum mechanics simulations, this result provides insight into the structural instability and amorphization of boron carbide. The temporal, spatial, and compositional information provided by atom probe tomography makes it a unique platform for elucidating the relative stability and interactions of primary building blocks in hierarchically crystalline materials.

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4

Peng, Jianfang, and Anil K. Pradhan. "Diagnostics of EUV Spectral Emission from Boron-like Ions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 152 (1996): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100036587.

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Recent developments of EUV diagnostics from transitions in Boron-like ions, C II, N III, O IV, Ne VI, Mg VIII, Al IX, Si X, and S XII, are discussed based on new atomic data (Zhang, Graziani & Pradhan (1994)) and systematic theoretical calculations of line intensity ratios (Peng & Pradhan 1995). The available EUV and UV lines which are good temperature and density diagnostics are summarized. Possible applications of these lines to the investigation of the physical conditions in astrophysical objects are proposed.

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5

Ma, Quan Bao, Augustinas Galeckas, Alexander Azarov, Annett Thøgersen, Patricia Almeida Carvalho, Daniel N. Wright, Spyros Diplas, et al. "Boron-Implanted 3C-SiC for Intermediate Band Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.291.

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Sublimation-grown 3C-SiC crystals were implanted with 2 atomic percent of boron ions at elevated temperature (400 °C) using multiple energies (100 to 575 keV) with a total dose of 8.5×1016 atoms/cm2. The samples were then annealed at 1400, 1500 and 1600 °C for 1h at each temperature. The buried boron box-like concentration profile can reach ~2×1021 cm-3 in the plateau region. The optical activity of the incorporated boron atoms was deduced from the evolution in absorption and emission spectra, indicating possible pathway for achieving an intermediate band behavior in boron doped 3C-SiC at sufficiently high dopant concentrations.

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6

Dorokhov, A. E., A. P. Martynenko, F. A. Martynenko, and O. S. Sukhorukova. "Hyperfine splitting of P-states in light muonic ions." EPJ Web of Conferences 222 (2019): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922203008.

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We calculate hyperfine structure intervals for P–states in muonic ions of lithium, beryllium and boron. To construct the particle interaction operator in momentum space we use the tensor method ofprojection operators on states with definite quantum numbers of total atomic momentum F and total muonmomentum j. We take into account vacuum polarization, relativistic, quadruple and structure corrections of orders α4, α5 and α6. The obtained numerical values of hyperfine splittings can be used for a comparison with future experimental data.

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7

Dorokhov, A. E., R. N. Faustov, A. P. Martynenko, and F. A. Martynenko. "Precision physics of muonic ions of lithium, beryllium and boron." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 04 (February 10, 2021): 2150022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21500226.

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The problem of determining the main parameters of light nuclei from precision atomic spectroscopy is considered. Within the framework of the quasipotential method in quantum electrodynamics, the energy interval [Formula: see text] in muonic ions of lithium, beryllium and boron is calculated. Corrections of orders [Formula: see text], which are determined by relativistic effects, effects of vacuum polarization, nuclear structure and recoil, as well as combined corrections, including the above, are taken into account. Nuclear structure effects are expressed in terms of the nuclear charge radius in the case of one-photon interaction and the electromagnetic form factors of nuclei in the case of two-photon interaction. The obtained numerical values for the [Formula: see text] interval can be used for comparison with future experimental data and for a more accurate determination of the nucleus charge radii.

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8

Machaka, Ronald, Bonex W. Mwakikunga, Elayaperumal Manikandan, Trevor E. Derry, Iakovos Sigalas, and Mathias Herrmann. "Mechanical and Structural Properties of Fluorine-Ion-Implanted Boron Suboxide." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/792973.

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Results on a systematic study on the effects of ion implantation on the near-surface mechanical and structural properties of boron suboxide (B6O) prepared by uniaxial hot pressing are reviewed. 150 keV fluorine ions at fluences of up to5.0×1016 ions/cm2were implanted into the ultrahard ceramic material at room temperature and characterized using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Evidence of ion-beam-assisted nucleation of novel clusteredBxOyFzparticles by ion implantation is revealed. In addition, obtained results also reveal that fluorine implantation into the B6O specimen leads to an overall degradation of near-surface mechanical properties with increasing fluorine fluence. Implications of these observations in the creation of amorphous near-surface layers by high-dose ion implantation are discussed in this paper.

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9

Boroznin, Sergey, Irina Zaporotskova, Natalya Boroznina, Pavel Zaporotskov, Tatyana Kislova, Vladimir Akatiev, and Vladimir Yarmak. "Vacancy Transport Properties in Boron-Carbon BC3 Nanotubes." NBI Technologies, no. 4 (February 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2018.4.7.

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The paper presents results of theoretical research into vacancy formation in B type of boron-carbon nanotubes ВСn, where n = 3. The research was performed using the MNDO method within the framework of an ionic-embedded covalent-cyclic cluster model, molecular cluster model and DFT method. We found that when a V-defect (vacancy) is introduced in a boron-carbon nanotube, the band gap of the defective tubules increases. It means that physical properties of materials can be purposefully changed by introducing defects. Vacancy migration along the atomic bonds in the tubule was simulated and vacancy transport properties were studied. It was found that the defect migration along different bonds actually represents the process of carbon or boron ions hopping between their stable states on the nanotube surface. The calculated activation energy values revealed dependence of ionic conductivity in boron-carbon tubules on temperature.

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10

Brandau, C., F. Melchert, S. Krudener, S. Meuser, A. Pfeiffer, K. V. Diemar, T. Bartsch, et al. "Quasi-resonant charge exchange between carbon and boron ions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 28, no. 18 (September 28, 1995): L579—L584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/28/18/002.

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11

Ruggiero, A. G. "Nuclear fusion of protons with ions of boron." Il Nuovo Cimento A 106, no. 12 (December 1993): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02780602.

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12

Voronkov, Vladimir V. "Two Kinds of Hydrogen Monomers Manifested in Plasma-Exposed Silicon." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 11, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2385438.

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In boron-doped silicon annealed in a plasma ambient (at 150°C), the reported hydrogen concentration profile and the hole profile cannot be simultaneously fitted assuming only one kind of in-diffusing hydrogen ions H+ of a definite parameter D+K (where D+ is the diffusivity of H+ and K is the equilibrium dissociation constant of the HB defect, the passivated boron). A good fit is possible only assuming two independent kinds of H+—one of a larger value of D+K and the other—of a smaller value. A concept of two independent atomic subsystems H(1) and H(2), each involving both positive and neutral charge states, is also useful to account for hydrogen pairing into dimers.

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13

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Calculation of Radial Density Distribution Function for main orbital of Carbon atom and Carbon like ions." Baghdad Science Journal 11, no. 4 (December 7, 2014): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.4.1455-1458.

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Radial density distribution function of one particle D(r1) was calculated for main orbital of carbon atom and carbon like ions (N+ and B- ) by using the Partitioning technique .The results presented for K and L shells for the Carbon atom and negative ion of Boron and positive ion for nitrogen ion . We observed that as atomic number increases the probability of existence of electrons near the nucleus increases and the maximum of the location r1 decreases. In this research the Hartree-fock wavefunctions have been computed using Mathcad computer software .

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14

Glazov, D. A., A. V. Volotka, A. A. Schepetnov, M. M. Sokolov, V. M. Shabaev, I. I. Tupitsyn, and G. Plunien. "g factor of boron-like ions: ground and excited states." Physica Scripta T156 (September 1, 2013): 014014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t156/014014.

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15

Bacchus-Montabonel, M. C., and F. Fraija. "State-selective electron capture processes in collisions involving boron ions." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 57, no. 4 (February 15, 1996): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-461x(1996)57:4<611::aid-qua9>3.0.co;2-0.

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16

Starobinets, A., I. Bray, L. A. Vainshtein, Yu V. Ralchenko, and Y. Maron. "Excitation Cross Sections for Li-like Ions of Beryllium and Boron." Physica Scripta 67, no. 6 (January 1, 2003): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.067a00500.

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17

Wijesundera, W. P. "Theoretical study of the negative ions of boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium." Physical Review A 55, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 1785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.55.1785.

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18

Baccou, C., S. Depierreux, V. Yahia, C. Neuville, C. Goyon, R. De Angelis, F. Consoli, et al. "New scheme to produce aneutronic fusion reactions by laser-accelerated ions." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000178.

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AbstractThe development of high-intensity lasers has opened the field of nuclear reactions initiated by laser-accelerated particles. One possible application is the production of aneutronic fusion reactions for clean fusion energy production. We propose an innovative scheme based on the use of two targets and present the first results obtained with the ELFIE facility (at the LULI Laboratory) for the proton–boron-11 (p–11B) fusion reaction. A proton beam, accelerated by the Target Normal Sheat Acceleration mechanism using a short laser pulse (12 J, 350 fs, 1.056 µm, 1019 W cm−2), is sent onto a boron target to initiate fusion reactions. The number of reactions is measured with particle diagnostics such as CR39 track-detectors, active nuclear diagnostic, Thomson Parabola, magnetic spectrometer, and time-of-flight detectors that collect the fusion products: the α-particles. Our experiment shows promising results for this scheme. In the present paper, we discuss its principle and advantages compared with another scheme that uses a single target and heating mechanisms directly with photons to initiate the same p–11B fusion reaction.

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19

Nataraj, H. S., B. K. Sahoo, B. P. Das, R. K. Chaudhuri, and D. Mukherjee. "Theoretical studies of the atomic transitions in boron-like ions: Mg VIII, Si X and S XII." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 40, no. 15 (July 25, 2007): 3153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/40/15/014.

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20

Tordoir, X., E. Biémont, H. P. Garnir, P. D. Dumont, and E. Träbert. "Atomic lifetimes and transition probabilities in boron-like (Na VII) and beryllium-like (Na VIII) sodium ions." European Physical Journal D 6, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00021604.

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21

Tordoir, X., E. Biémont, H. P. Garnir, P. D. Dumont, and E. Träbert. "Atomic lifetimes and transition probabilities in boron-like (Na VII) and beryllium-like (Na VIII) sodium ions." European Physical Journal D 6, no. 1 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050278.

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22

Müller, A., S. Schippers, R. A. Phaneuf, S. W. J. Scully, A. Aguilar, C. Cisneros, M. F. Gharaibeh, A. S. Schlachter, and B. M. McLaughlin. "K-shell photoionization of Be-like boron (B+) ions: experiment and theory." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 47, no. 13 (June 19, 2014): 135201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/47/13/135201.

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23

Nakabayashi, N., H. Ohyama, E. Simoen, M. Ikegami, C. Claeys, K. Kobayashi, M. Yoneoka, and K. Miyahara. "Mechanical stress of the electrical performance of polycrystalline-silicon resistors." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 9 (September 2001): 2579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0354.

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Results are presented of a study on the mechanical stress dependence of the resistance of polycrystalline silicon (Poly-Si) films doped with different atomic species. Two types of Poly-Si film implanted with boron and phosphorus ions were studied, namely, B-doped films of 400 nm and P-doped films of 250 nm thickness, which were deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition at 620 °C on thermally oxidized silicon wafers. The film doping was done by ion implantation at 50 keV, with a dose of boron and phosphorus of 2 × 1014 and 5.3 × 1014 cm−2, respectively. The Poly-Si films were annealed in a N2 ambient at 1000 °C for 20 min to activate the implanted atoms. A controlled amount of external stress was applied to the silicon wafers to study the impact on the electrical performance of the implanted Poly-Si resistors. The resistance of the B-doped Poly-Si films is shown to increase by the mechanical stress, while the resistance of the P-implanted Poly-Si films remained unchanged. It is concluded that this difference is related to the structural differences between Poly-Si films implanted with boron and phosphorus, respectively.

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24

Терещенко, А. Н., Д. С. Королев, А. Н. Михайлов, А. И. Белов, А. А. Никольская, Д. А. Павлов, Д. И. Тетельбаум, and Э. А. Штейнман. "Влияние примеси бора на излучательные свойства дислокационных структур в кремнии, сформированных путем имплантации ионов Si-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=-." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 7 (2018): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.07.46038.8759.

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AbstractThe effect of boron implantation on the light-emitting properties of dislocation structures formed in silicon by Si^+ ion implantation with subsequent annealing is studied. It is shown that the implantation of B^+ ions has a significant effect on the dislocation-related luminescence intensity, spectrum and the temperature dependence of the D1-band intensity. It is found that the temperature dependence is nonmonotonous and involves two regions, in which the D1-band intensity increases with increasing temperature and has two well-pronounced maxima at 20 K and 60–70 K. The maximum at 20 K is associated with the morphological features of the dislocation structure under study, whereas the maximum at 60–70 K is associated with the additional implantation of the boron impurity into the dislocation region of the samples. It is established that the intensities of the experimentally observed maxima and the position of the high-temperature maximum depend on the implanted boron concentration.

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25

Bernhardt, D., A. Becker, C. Brandau, M. Grieser, M. Hahn, C. Krantz, M. Lestinsky, et al. "Absolute rate coefficients for photorecombination of beryllium-like and boron-like silicon ions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 49, no. 7 (March 17, 2016): 074004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/7/074004.

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26

Müller, A., S. Schippers, R. A. Phaneuf, S. W. J. Scully, A. Aguilar, C. Cisneros, M. F. Gharaibeh, A. S. Schlachter, and B. M. McLaughlin. "K-shell photoionization of ground-state Li-like boron ions [B2 +]: experiment and theory." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 43, no. 13 (June 22, 2010): 135602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/43/13/135602.

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27

Fedotova, J. A., A. K. Fedotov, N. A. Shishonok, and J. Stanek. "Charge states and distribution of iron ions in polycrystalline cubic boron nitride." Optical Materials 23, no. 1-2 (July 2003): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-3467(03)00062-4.

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28

Eliezer, S., and J. M. Martínez-Val. "Proton–boron-11 fusion reactions induced by heat-detonation burning waves." Laser and Particle Beams 16, no. 4 (December 1998): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600011411.

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Proton-boron-11 is the clean fusion reactionpar excellence, but it is very difficult to exploit it because of the very high ignition temperature of this reaction and its moderate fusion yield. In this paper, a proposal is made to induce these reactions by a heat-detonation wave that expands across a compressed target. The front of the wave has a double-layer structure, with a first front driven by electron heat conduction and a second front heated by α-particle energy deposition. Both fronts create a hot plasma where the stopping power is dominated by ions. The wave is originated by an ignitor triggered by an ultraintense lightning beam. This beam can be made of photons (laser), plasma (ramjets), or ions (proton beams, borane clusters). Proton beam shots of 1022. W/cm2and several GA for some picoseconds would be needed for this purpose. The supersonic propagation of the fusion wave and the ignitor requirements are analyzed in this paper. The main conclusion is that the burning wave can only propagate if a substantial fraction of the radiation losses from the already burning fuel is reabsorbed in the colder fuel. It is calculated that for densities larger than few thousands g/cm3most of the bremsstrahlung radiation created in the hot plasma can be reabsorbed by the Compton effect in a region of 1 g/cm2optical thickness of the surrounding compressed and cold fuel.

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29

Admi, Admi, Fitria Ramadhani, and Syukri Syukri. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Enkapsulat Katalis Nikel (II) pada Silika Mesopori Modifikasi." Jurnal Riset Kimia 11, no. 2 (August 27, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v11i2.356.

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Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 was synthesized for heterogeneous catalyst. The boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica BF3/MCM-41 was studied to investigate its ability as supporting agent in heterogeneous catalysis system. For this purpose, the structural directing agent remaining in as-synthesis MCM-41 removed by solvent extraction. Surface modification of mesoporous silica MCM-41 with aniline and boron trifluoride was carried out. Then, the surface of boron trifluoride modified mesoporous silica was subjected to an encapsulation with Ni(II) ions. These solid materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). In the FTIR spectra of the modified silica mesoporous, the presence of vibration band >Si-O-B confirm the success of modification of support. While, the shifting of the vibration band >Si-O-Si< is considered an indication of the proof of Ni(II) species onto the modified mesoporous silica. From the SEM photograph, it can be seen that the morphology of the Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 tend to form aggregates of smaller particles. Based on measurement of metal content by AAS, it was known that the value of metal loading is 33%. While for the leaching test, Ni(II)-BF3/MCM-41 lost only 0.014 % of Ni metal. It indicates the stability of the interaction between the N(II) and support of the modified mesoporous silica.

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von Lindenfels, David, Nicolaas P. M. Brantjes, Gerhard Birkl, Wolfgang Quint, Vladimir M. Shabaev, and Manuel Vogel. "Bound electron g-factor measurement by double-resonance spectroscopy on a fine-structure transitionThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (January 2011): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-071.

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Precise determination of bound-electron g-factors in highly charged ions provides stringent tests for state of the art theoretical calculations. The scope reaches from relativistic electron-correlation effects on the one hand to bound-state QED terms on the other. Besides, the investigation can contribute to the determination of the fine-structure constant α. In a first approach with boron-like ions of spinless nuclei (e.g., 40Ar13+ and 40Ca15+), we will excite the 22P1/2 – 22P3/2 fine-structure transition with laser radiation and probe microwave transitions between Zeeman sublevels. From this laser-microwave double-resonance technique the g-factor can be determined on a ppb level of accuracy. We have prepared a cryogenic trap assembly with a creation trap and a spectroscopy trap — a half-open compensated cylindrical Penning trap. Argon gas will be injected through a remotely controlled valve, working at cryogenic temperature and in the field of a superconducting magnet. Ions are produced by electron impact ionization and transferred to the spectroscopy trap. In the future, the trap will be connected to the HITRAP facility at GSI, and the method will be applied to hyperfine-structure transitions of hydrogen-like heavy ions to measure electronic and nuclear magnetic moments. We present important techniques employed in the experiment.

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31

Mirkarimi, P. B., K. F. McCarty, D. L. Medlin, W. G. Wolfer, T. A. Friedmann, E. J. Klaus, G. F. Cardinale, and D. G. Howitt. "On the role of ions in the formation of cubic boron nitride films by ion-assisted deposition." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 11 (November 1994): 2925–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2925.

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We have investigated how ion irradiation can selectively promote the formation of dense sp3-bonded cubic boron nitride (cBN) over the graphite-like sp2-bonded phases. We have conducted a series of experiments using ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition in which either the ion mass (mion) or ion energy (E) was varied in conjunction with the ratio of ion flux to depositing atom flux (J/a). For a fixed ion energy and mass, there is a critical J/a above which cBN formation is initiated, a window of J/a values in which large cBN percentages are obtained, and a point at which J/a is so large that the resputter and deposition rates balance and there is no net film deposition, in agreement with Kester and Messier. As do Kester and Messier, we find that cBN formation is controlled by a combination of experimental parameters that scale with the momentum of the ions. However, unlike Kester and Messier, we do not find that cBN formation scales with the maximum momentum that can be transferred in a single binary collision, as either incorrectly formulated by Targove and Macleod and used by Kester and Messier, or as correctly formulated. Instead we observe that cBN formation best scales with the total momentum of the incident ions, (mionE)1/2. We also consider the mechanistic origins of this (mionE)1/2 dependence. Computer simulations of the interaction of ions with BN show that cBN formation cannot be simply scaled to parameters such as the number of atomic displacements or the number of vacancies produced by the ion irradiation. A critical examination of the literature shows that none of the proposed models satisfactorily accounts for the observed (mionE)1/2 dependence. We present a quantitative model that describes the generation of stress during ion-assisted film growth. The model invokes a kinetic approach to defect production and loss. We apply a simplified version of the model to cBN synthesis, and find that it predicts an approximate (mionE)1/2 dependence for cBN formation.

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32

Ong, J. H. L., M. Chejlava, B. Fried, K. M. Koehnlein, G. L. Bosavage, and J. Sherma. "Effects of Schistosoma mansoni infection on inorganic elements in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 4 (December 2004): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2004244.

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AbstractInductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to study element ions in whole bodies of uninfected Biomphalaria glabrata snails and those experimentally infected with larval Schistosoma mansoni trematodes. Infected snails were analysed 8 weeks post-infection. Cohort snails that were left uninfected were analysed at the same time as the infected snails. Sixteen elements (aluminum, boron, barium, calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead, selenium, tin and zinc) were found to be present in infected and uninfected whole bodies at concentrations above the detection limit of the ICP-AES analysis. Of these, calcium, cadmium, manganese and sodium were present in significantly higher amounts (Student's t-test, P<0.05) in whole infected versus whole uninfected snails. Variations in the present results compared with other studies reflect intrinsic differences in the larval trematode–snail systems used.

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33

Purwanto, Setyo, A. Dimyati, R. Iskandar, Wisnu A.A, and Tjipto S. "SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) DIAMOND FILM/SI(111) BY IMPLANTATION WITH Fe + B IONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES." GANENDRA Majalah IPTEK Nuklir 20, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/gnd.2017.20.2.3281.

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Surface Modification of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Diamond Film/Si(111) by Implantation with Fe+B ions In Conjunction with their Magnetic Properties. Surfcace modification of CVD manufactured diamond films on Si(111) substrate has been performed by means of Fe+B ion implantation followed by Argon ion gas sputtering with acceleration energy 20 keV and ion dose 1x1015 and 1x1016 ions cm-2. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) imaging shows the formation of amorphous carbon layer on top of the diamond film with thickness ca. 100 nm on the implanted sample and ca. 20 nm on the sample without implantion. The morphology and magnetic property of the films surface were characterized by Atomic and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM/MFM). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy EELS analysis has revealed amount of Boron atoms distributed homogenously inside the carbon amorphous layer on both samples which is in close agreement to the result of Raman Spectroscopy showing the changes of the Raman spectrum due to implantation. The magnetic properties of the samples after Fe+B ion implantion were additionally investigated by means of Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). By increasing ion doses at constant energy 20 keV, the magnetoresistance property decreased from +45% on the sample implanted with dose 1x1015 to +8% on the sample implanted with dose 1x1016 ions cm-2.

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34

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok, Geun Dong Song, and Do Haeng Hur. "Effects of Hydrogen Contents on Oxidation Behavior of Alloy 690TT and Associated Boron Accumulation within Oxides in High-Temperature Water." Scanning 2018 (June 10, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7845176.

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The aim of this work is to characterize the oxide layer structure of Alloy 690TT in high-temperature water with different dissolved hydrogen (DH) contents by using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under the low DH contents (0.4494–0.8988 mg/kg), the oxide layers were composed of an outermost layer of Ni(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3 enriched in Ni, an intermediate layer of hydroxides and oxides enriched in Cr, and an inner Cr2O3 layer. Outermost NiO coexists with small amount of Cr2O3 layer, while in the inner oxide only Cr2O3 remains. The oxide layers at medium and high DH contents (3.1458– 8.9880 mg/kg) consisted of an outermost layer of Ni(OH)2 and Cr(OH)3 enriched in Cr, an intermediate layer of metallic Ni, hydroxides and oxides enriched in Cr, and an inner Cr2O3 layer. In addition, boron compounds containing B3+ ions were accumulated in the thick and porous NiO layer formed at low DH contents, whereas the accumulation of boron compounds did not occur in the thin and dense polyhedral oxide layer formed at medium and high DH contents.

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35

Nazé, C., S. Verdebout, P. Rynkun, G. Gaigalas, M. Godefroid, and P. Jönsson. "Isotope shifts in beryllium-, boron-, carbon-, and nitrogen-like ions from relativistic configuration interaction calculations." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 100, no. 5 (September 2014): 1197–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2014.02.004.

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36

Georgieva, Ralitsa, Paunka Vassileva, Albena Detcheva, Dimitrinka Voykova, Tsvetelina Gerganova, and Yordanka Ivanova. "Synthesis, characterization and adsorption properties of nanostructured hybrid materials modified by boron and zirconium." Open Chemistry 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 1484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0075-5.

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AbstractThe adsorption properties of two new nanostructured hybrid materials containing B2O3 and ZrO2 were studied. The new organic-inorganic materials were synthesized via a sol-gel method. As a modifying agent, a quantity of 10 wt.% Zr(OPr)4 or B(OCH3)3 was added. The structure of the hybrid materials was investigated by means of (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Based on the obtained data, the most probable cross-linking mechanism for the derived gels was proposed. The characterization of texture parameters of both materials was carried out with the use of low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen. Adsorption of Cu(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on both materials was investigated using multi-component solutions with different concentrations and acidity by means of the batch method. Kinetics of adsorption was also investigated. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to analyze kinetic data. The adsorption was significantly affected by the pH value. Equilibrium data were fitted to linear Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models and maximum adsorption capacities were calculated.

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37

Sarkadi, L., T. Mukoyama, and Z. Smit. "Investigation of the vacancy sharing process in L-shell ionization of gold and bismuth by boron ions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 29, no. 11 (June 14, 1996): 2253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/29/11/015.

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38

Das, M., M. Purkait, and C. R. Mandal. "State-selective electron capture in the interactions of partially stripped ions of beryllium and boron with atomic hydrogen in the ground state." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 31, no. 19 (October 14, 1998): 4387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/31/19/021.

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39

Beiersdorfer, P., G. V. Brown, J. B. Kamp, E. W. Magee, J. K. Lepson, Y. Podpaly, and M. L. Reinke. "Measuring plasma impurities in Alcator C-Mod as a function of time in the extreme ultraviolet1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 5 (May 2011): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-102.

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A flat-field grazing-incidence grating spectrometer has been installed on the MIT Alcator C-MOD tokamak, following the installation of such a spectrometer on the Livermore electron beam ion trap facility and on the National Spherical Torus Experiment at Princeton. The spectrometer employs a variable space grating with an average spacing of 2400 lines/mm and covers the 10–70 Å wavelength band. It is being used to monitor the presence of impurity ions such as boron, oxygen, fluorine, argon, calcium, iron, molybdenum, and tungsten, and to calibrate spectral diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. The Alcator instrument provides spectral emission data in a density regime that is one to three orders of magnitude higher than that covered by the other two instruments and thus produces complementary data.

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40

Bolotina, Nadezhda, Olga Khrykina, Andrey Azarevich, Sergey Gavrilkin, and Nikolay Sluchanko. "Fine details of crystal structure and atomic vibrations in YbB12 with a metal–insulator transition." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 76, no. 6 (November 19, 2020): 1117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520620013566.

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The crystal structure of single-crystal Kondo insulator YbB12 was studied at nine temperatures in the range 85–293 K based on X-ray diffraction data. Very weak Jahn–Teller distortions of the cubic lattice were detected at all temperatures, but did not require a revision of the structural model. Heat capacity and electrical conductivity of YbB12 single crystals were studied in the temperature range 1.9–300 K. It is found that both the structural parameters and the indicated physical properties have some specific features in the temperature range 120–160 K. The unit cell of YbB12 contracts when cooled below 160 K and expands at around 120 K. The temperature dependences of the equivalent atomic displacement parameters U eq(T) are no longer monotonic around 140 K and should be modeled by two Einstein curves for Yb and two Debye curves for boron atoms above and below this temperature. As follows from the temperature behavior of the specific heat, coupled oscillations of Yb ions in a double-well potential lead to the appearance of a charge gap in the density of states and gradual deterioration in conductive properties of the crystal below 150 K. This metal–insulator phase transition is accompanied by a kink in the U eq(T) curves and changes in the unit-cell values.

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41

Yamashita, M., S. Hanaki, D. Iwasaki, and H. Uchida. "Preparation and Characterization of Hard (Ti,B)N Films by Ion Mixing and Vapor Deposition." Solid State Phenomena 127 (September 2007): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.127.251.

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Titanium boron nitride (Ti,B)N films have been prepared by depositing Ti and B atom vapor on a (100) Si single crystal and an amorphous glass substrates under simultaneous irradiation of N ions, that is ion mixing and vapor deposition (IVD) technique. The transport ratio of metals and ion, (Bva+Tiva)/Nion, was fixed at 4, and the film thickness was supposed to be 1 m. With an increase in the evaporation ratio of B and Ti, Bva/Tiva, from 0 to 3, microstructure of the film was changed from fine triangular to granular morphology. It was confirmed by the XPS analysis that N ions were preferentially coordinated with Ti atoms when the Bva/Tiva was relatively low otherwise nitriding of B probably occurred. This result was also supported by the XRD spectra of the films. Knoop hardness of the (Ti,B)N films was strongly dependent on the Bva/Tiva. The highest hardness of approximately 5000 was observed at the Bva/Tiva=0.3; this implies that a small amount of alloying B considerably increases the film hardness.

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42

Dmitriev, I. S., Ya A. Teplova, and Yu A. Fainberg. "Formation of lithium-like boron and nitrogen ions in the 4 P 5/2 state in gaseous media." Optics and Spectroscopy 105, no. 2 (August 2008): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x08080055.

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43

Panarina, N. Yu, V. Yu Petukhov, and Yu I. Talanov. "An Effect of Irradiation with Trivalent Boron Ions on Pinning in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Thin Films as Revealed by MWA and Hall-Probe Measurements." Applied Magnetic Resonance 40, no. 3 (March 29, 2011): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-011-0212-x.

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44

Azamat, Jafar, Jaber Jahanbin Sardroodi, Leila Poursoltani, and Darian Jahanshahi. "Functionalized boron nitride nanosheet as a membrane for removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution." Journal of Molecular Liquids 321 (January 2021): 114920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114920.

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45

Sampson, Douglas H., George M. Weaver, Stephen J. Goett, Honglin Zhang, and Robert E. H. Clark. "Collision strengths and line strengths for all transitions among the levels of the 1s22s22p, 1s22s2p2, and 1s22p3 configurations of boron-like ions." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 35, no. 2 (September 1986): 223–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-640x(86)90023-9.

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46

Verdebout, S., C. Nazé, P. Jönsson, P. Rynkun, M. Godefroid, and G. Gaigalas. "Hyperfine structures and Landé gJ-factors for n=2 states in beryllium-, boron-, carbon-, and nitrogen-like ions from relativistic configuration interaction calculations." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 100, no. 5 (September 2014): 1111–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adt.2014.05.001.

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47

Foster, V. J., F. P. Keenan, and R. H. G. Reid. "CROSS SECTIONS AND RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR EXCITATION WITHIN THE 1s22s22p2PAND 1s22s2p2 4PMULTIPLETS IN BORON-LIKE IONS C II–Ni XXIV BY HEAVY PARTICLE IMPACT." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 67, no. 1 (September 1997): 99–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/adnd.1997.0749.

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48

Yatsui, K., A. Tokuchi, H. Tanaka, H. Ishizuka, A. Kawai, E. Sai, K. Masugata, M. Ito, and M. Matsui. "Geometric focusing of intense pulsed ion beams from racetrack type magnetically insulated diodes." Laser and Particle Beams 3, no. 2 (May 1985): 119–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000135x.

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Focusing properties and mechanisms are experimentally investigated of an intense pulsed light-ion beam or a medium-mass ion beam extracted from racetrack type magnetically insulated diodes. Quantitative determinations are made for three factors that affect the focusing ability of the beam, i.e., local divergence angle, deviation angle from ideal trajectory and space-charge effect. Behaviour of electrons in an anodecathode gap as well as neutralizing process of the ion beam by electrons are studied in connection with beam focusing. It is found that there is a close correlation between ion yield and electron irradiation on the anode. By adopting a perforated cathode instead of a vane cathode to ensure good uniformity of electric field in the accelerating gap, we have succeeded in significantly reducing the divergence angle. Several new diagnostic techniques and methods have been developed, yielding information such as the time-resolved trajectory and profile or incident angle of the beam. Electron temperature of the anode plasma is theoretically anticipated from the ions observed experimentally. From an estimate of beam divergence due to a space-charge effect, it is suggested that ‘breakeven’ can be achieved without using conventional z-discharged plasma channels if a bunch of boron beams is utilized.

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49

Okorokov, Vitalii A. "Magnetic Field in Nuclear Collisions at Ultra High Energies." Physics 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics1020017.

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The magnetic field created in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions at ultra-high energies are studied with models of point-like charges and hard sphere for distribution of the constituents for vacuum conditions. The various beam ions are considered from light to heavy nuclei at energies corresponding to the nominal energies of the proton beam within the projects of further accelerator facilities high-energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC). The magnetic-field strength immediately after collisions reaches the value tens of GeV 2 , while in the approach with point-like charges, some overestimate the amplitude of the field in comparison with more realistic hard-sphere model. The absolute value of the magnetic field rapidly decreases with time and increases with growth of atomic number. The amplitude for e B is estimated at level 100 GeV 2 to provide magnitude for quark–quark collisions at energies corresponding to the nominal energies of proton beams. These estimations are close to the range for onset of W boson condensation.

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Yuan, Zhiyang, Huirong Qi, Haiyun Wang, Hongliang Dai, Yuanbo Chen, Qun Ouyang, Jian Zhang, Yiming Cai, and Yulan Li. "Feasibility study of TPC tracker detector for the circular collider." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 15n16 (June 6, 2020): 2041014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20410146.

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The discovery of a SM Higgs boson at the LHC brought about great opportunity to investigate the feasibility of a Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) operating at center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV, as a Higgs factory, with designed luminosity of about [Formula: see text]. The CEPC provides a much cleaner collision environment than the LHC, it is ideally suited for studying the properties of Higgs boson with greater precision. Another advantage of the CEPC over the LHC is that the Higgs boson can be detected through the recoil mass method by only reconstructing [Formula: see text] boson decay without examining the Higgs decays. In Concept Design Report (CDR), the circumference of CEPC is 100 km, with two interaction points available for exploring different detector design scenarios and technologies. The baseline design of CEPC detector is an ILD-like concept, with a superconducting solenoid of 3.0 Tesla surrounding the inner silicon detector, TPC tracker detector and the calorimetry system. Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) have been extensively studied and used in many fields, especially in particle physics experiments, including STAR and ALICE. The TPC detector will operate in continuous mode on the circular machine. To fulfill the physics goals of the future circular collider and meet Higgs/[Formula: see text] run, a TPC with excellent performance is required. We have proposed and investigated the ions controlling performance of a novel configuration detector module. The aim of this study is to suppress ion backflow (IBF) continually. In this paper, some update results of the feasibility and limitation on TPC detector technology R&D will be given using the hybrid gaseous detector module.

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