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MESSINGER, RUTH W. "Remarks by Manhattan Borough President." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 790, no. 1 The Baked App (1996): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32477.x.
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Hayduk, Ron. "Teaching Immigration at Borough of Manhattan Community College." Radical Teacher 85, no. 1 (2009): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rdt.0.0043.
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Butts, Sydney C., Simone Reynolds, Lyuba Gitman, Prayag Patel, and Michael Joseph. "Patterns of Orofacial Clefting in New York City From 1983 to 2010." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 9 (2018): 1191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665618770192.
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Objective: To determine the role of racial background, public health initiatives, and residence on the prevalence of orofacial clefts (OFCs) in New York City (NYC). Design/Methods: Retrospective review of OFC cases from the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry. Patients/Participants: Patients born with an OFC and all live births to mothers residing in NYC between 1983 and 2010. Main Outcome Measures: Orofacial cleft birth prevalence by cleft type, race, and borough of maternal residence for each year and by time period around the implementation of public health interventions including folate supplementation. Results: A total of 3557 cases were reviewed. The prevalence remained stable for cleft palate and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P) in sequential time periods of the study. Among CL ± P cases, cleft lip prevalence decreased early in the study compared to increases in cleft lip and palate prevalence. For most years, the prevalence of OFCs was lower among African Americans than whites. A total of 12% to 26% of mothers in 4 of the NYC boroughs deliver outside of their borough of residence, choosing to give birth in Manhattan most often. No difference in OFC prevalence was shown in any of the 5 NYC boroughs. Conclusions: The period prevalence remained relatively stable during the time periods before and after the implementation of folate supplementation for OFCs in NYC. Prevalence of OFC subtypes was lower for most time periods during this study among African Americans compared to whites. Several factors may explain the choice of birthplace outside of the mother’s borough of residence.
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Atkinson-Palombo, Carol, Lorenzo Varone, and Norman W. Garrick. "Understanding the Surprising and Oversized Use of Ridesourcing Services in Poor Neighborhoods in New York City." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (2019): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119835809.
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For-hire vehicle trips in the five boroughs of New York City from 2014 to 2017 increased by 82 million annually (46%). This paper describes how factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to create a typology that was applied to quantify how usage patterns have evolved in different types of neighborhood. Having surged 40-fold, ridesourcing trips originating in the outer boroughs now constitute 56% of the overall market. Many of the outer borough neighborhoods in which ridesourcing trips originated are home to minority, relatively low-income populations with low car ownership rates. It is possible that these trips in the outer boroughs are being taken by local residents to fill gaps in mobility services, as these locations are less well-served by public transportation and other for-hire vehicles such as yellow taxis. The surge in ridesourcing trips in the outer boroughs is important for three reasons. First, if ridesourcing is being used to provide desired levels of accessibility by outer borough residents, having this need filled by for-profit entities with notoriously variable pricing structures could have long-term consequences for transportation equity. Second, if the trips represent induced travel, the associated externalities will negatively affect vehicle emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and transportation safety. Third, local policy makers need to be aware of the dynamics unfolding in the outer boroughs because regulations that have been adopted to reduce congestion currently only apply to trips originating in Manhattan. Moreover, all stakeholders should reassess how disruptive transportation technology companies are regulated with respect to data sharing.
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Gadomska, Wiesława. "PARKS ON NEW YORK ISLANDS – A NEW COMPONENT IN THE URBAN SPACE AND CITYSCAPE." Space&FORM 45 (March 30, 2021): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.45.d-01.
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This article raises the issue of setting up and developing urban parks on islands which are situated around New York’s borough of Manhattan. Among the principal consequences are an improved balance of developed green spaces in the city and the emergence of attractive public places with a variety of functions and high-quality design solutions. As for the urban landscape, interesting relations are created with respect to views of the unique silhouette of the city, and in particular of Manhattan.
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De Jesus, Maria, Shalini S. Ramachandra, Zoe Jafflin, et al. "The Environmental and Social Determinants of Health Matter in a Pandemic: Predictors of COVID-19 Case and Death Rates in New York City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168416.
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Our research objective was to determine which environmental and social factors were predictive of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death rates in New York City (NYC), the original epicenter of the pandemic in the US, and any differential impacts among the boroughs. Data from various sources on the demographic, health, and environmental characteristics for NYC zip codes, neighborhoods, and boroughs were analyzed along with NYC government’s reported case and death rates by zip code. At the time of analysis, the Bronx had the highest COVID-19 case and death rates, while Manhattan had the lowest rates. Significant predictors of a higher COVID-19 case rate were determined to be proportion of residents aged 65 years plus; proportion of residents under 65 years with a disability; proportion of White residents; proportion of residents without health insurance; number of grocery stores; and a higher ozone level. For COVID-19 death rates, predictors include proportion of residents aged 65 years plus; proportion of residents who are not US citizens; proportion on food stamps; proportion of White residents; proportion of residents under 65 years without health insurance; and a higher level of ozone. Results across boroughs were mixed, which highlights the unique demographic, socioeconomic, and community characteristics of each borough. To reduce COVID-19 inequities, it is vital that the NYC government center the environmental and social determinants of health in policies and community-engaged interventions adapted to each borough.
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Jae Bok, Lee, Roh Chul-young, and Woolley Jonathan A. "Heterogeneous Impact of Geographic Barriers on Provider Choice Evidence from New York County’s Health Market." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 33, no. 3 (2018): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps33302.
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Health services should be accessible regardless of citizens’ gender, age, race, or insurance type, and geographic barriers should not interfere with this access. This article aims to assess the heterogeneous impacts of geographic barriers on inpatients’ hospital choices and to examine whether they vary according inpatients’ socioeconomic or insurance status. Using data on providers and inpatients obtained from the New York State Bureau of Health Informatics Office of Quality and Patient Safety for New York County (New York City’s borough of Manhattan) for 2009, we employed a discrete choice model. Our findings reveal that geographic barriers limit inpatients’ choices of hospitals more when they are of low socioeconomic status.
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Meit, Michael, Irwin Redlener, Thomas W. Briggs, Mike Kwanisai, Derrin Culp, and David M. Abramson. "Rural and Suburban Population Surge Following Detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Device: A New Model to Estimate Impact." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, S1 (2011): S143—S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.20.
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ABSTRACTBackground: The objective of the study was to model urban evacuation into surrounding communities after the detonation of an improvised nuclear device (IND) to assist rural and suburban planners in understanding and effectively planning to address the effects of population surges.Methods: Researchers developed parameters for how far evacuees would travel to escape disasters and factors that would influence choice of destination from studies of historical evacuations, surveys of citizens' evacuation intentions in hypothetical disasters, and semistructured interviews with key informants and emergency preparedness experts. Those parameters became the inputs to a “push-pull” model of how many people would flee in the 4 scenarios and where they would go.Results: The expanded model predicted significant population movements from the New York City borough of Manhattan and counties within 20 km of Manhattan to counties within a 150-mi radius of the assumed IND detonation. It also predicted that even in some communities located far from Manhattan, arriving evacuees would increase the population needing services by 50% to 150%.Conclusions: The results suggest that suburban and rural communities could be overwhelmed by evacuees from their center city following an IND detonation. They also highlight the urgency of educating and communicating with the public about radiation hazards to mitigate panic and hysteria, anticipating the ways in which a mass exodus may disrupt or even cripple rescue and response efforts, and devising creative ways to exercise and drill for an event about which there is great denial and fatalism.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:S143-S150)
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Wang, ShuSheng, Siran Yang, Yuqian Xu, Ziliang Zhao, Yuan Jiang, and Xiaolong Li. "Comparative Study of Cultural Space Characteristics: Inside Areas of Xi’an 2nd Ring Road, China, and Manhattan Borough." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 147, no. 4 (2021): 04021045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000747.
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Nagra, Kanu A., Sidney Eng, and Margaret Karrass. "The Use of Ubiquitous Learning Methods for Mathematics Courses in Borough of Manhattan Community College: A Case Study." Ubiquitous Learning: An International Journal 5, no. 4 (2013): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1835-9795/cgp/v05i04/40382.
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Guan, ChengHe, Mark Junjie Tan, and Richard Peiser. "Spatiotemporal effects of proximity to metro extension on housing price dynamics in Manhattan, New York City." Journal of Transport and Land Use 14, no. 1 (2021): 1295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2021.1915.
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Investment in public transportation such as a metro line extension is often capitalized partially into housing values due to the spatiotemporal effects. Using housing transaction data from 2014 to 2019, this paper studies the Second Avenue Subway or Q-line extension in New York’s City’s Manhattan borough. Multiple metro station catchment areas were investigated using spatial autocorrelation-corrected hedonic pricing models to capture the variation of housing price dynamics. The results indicate that properties in closer proximity to the Q-line extension received higher price discounts. The effect varied by occupancy type and building form: condominiums experienced the highest price discount, while walk-up and elevator co-ops experienced a price premium. After controlling for location variations, we observed price discounts on the westside and price premiums on the eastside of the Q-line. Residential properties within 150 m west to the Q-line extension received the highest price discount post operation, while on the eastside, properties in the same proximity received the highest price premium. The anticipation effect varies by distance to metro extension stations, both before and after the operation of metro line extension. We discuss the disruption of metro construction on the housing market depending on housing type, location variation, and changes over time.
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Oenbring, Raymond, and Deniz Gokcora. "COILing diverse islands: a virtual exchange between the University of the Bahamas and the Borough of Manhattan Community College." Journal of Virtual Exchange 5 (February 25, 2022): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/jve.5.37388.
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This practice report describes a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) exchange between academic writing students at the University of the Bahamas (UB) and English Language Learners (ELLs) at the Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) of the City University of New York (CUNY). While COIL projects and other classroom virtual exchanges between Western and non-Western institutions have often been construed as tools to introduce cultural and linguistic diversity into Western classrooms, this study shows that the opposite is also possible. In our project, a diverse, largely immigrant group of postsecondary students in New York City participated in an intercultural exchange with a more culturally and linguistically homogeneous student group in The Bahamas. The study details the digital media used to initiate the virtual exchange and the specifics of the assignment sequences, including how the authors worked with the springboard text read by both classes (that is, Richard Rodriguez’s (1978) noted literacy autobiography ‘The Achievement of Desire’, where he describes his academic ambitions as the child of Mexican immigrants to the United States).
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Wu, Lina, and Ye Li. "Incorporating a Maple Project of Multi-Cultures Art in College Mathematics Teaching." Journal of Education and Learning 7, no. 5 (2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v7n5p42.
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Teaching mathematics by project-based learning (PBL) method on the use of educational technology offers an innovative teaching pedagogy at college. The “World Culture Art Created with Calculus Graphs of Equations” poster project was designed by the first author and was completed in the pilot Calculus course during the spring 2016 semester at Borough of Manhattan Community College in the City University of New York. This project was to guide students to use graphs of equations in the creation of recognizable national symbols from different countries with different cultures by the Maple technology. Students’ graphing knowledge as well as their technical Maple skills were applied in the completion of this project. Students’ creativity, freedom, and diversity in their mathematical thinking have been fostered. Students have learned that combining mathematics knowledge with technological skills can create innovation in art. The project increased students’ awareness and appreciation of multi-cultures for a diversified student body in New York. Successful project outcomes in students’ work shed light on effectiveness of this project-based learning (PBL) approach in mathematics education.
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Wan, Xiangpeng, Hakim Ghazzai, and Yehia Massoud. "A Generic Data-Driven Recommendation System for Large-Scale Regular and Ride-Hailing Taxi Services." Electronics 9, no. 4 (2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040648.
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Modern taxi services are usually classified into two major categories: traditional taxicabs and ride-hailing services. For both services, it is required to design highly efficient recommendation systems to satisfy passengers’ quality of experience and drivers’ benefits. Customers desire to minimize their waiting time before rides, while drivers aim to speed up their customer hunting. In this paper, we propose to leverage taxi service efficiency by designing a generic and smart recommendation system that exploits the benefits of Vehicular Social Networks (VSNs). Aiming at optimizing three key performance metrics, number of pick-ups, customer waiting time, and vacant traveled distance for both taxi services, the proposed recommendation system starts by efficiently estimating the future customer demands in different clusters of the area of interest. Then, it proposes an optimal taxi-to-region matching according to the location of each taxi and the future requested demand of each region. Finally, an optimized geo-routing algorithm is developed to minimize the navigation time spent by drivers. Our simulation model is applied to the borough of Manhattan and is validated with realistic data. Selected results show that significant performance gains are achieved thanks to the additional cooperation among taxi drivers enabled by VSN, as compared to traditional cases.
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Diego, Correa, Gil Jakub, and Moyano Christian. "Energy Logistics Cost Study for Wireless Charging Transportation Networks." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 5986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115986.
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Many cities around the world encourage the transition to battery-powered vehicles to minimize the carbon footprint of the transportation sector. Deploying large-scale wireless charging infrastructures to charge electric transit buses when loading and unloading passengers have become an effective way to reduce emissions. The standard plug-in electric vehicles have a limited amount of power stored in the battery, resulting in frequent stops to refill the energy. Optimal siting of wireless charging bus stops is essential to reducing these inconveniences and enhancing the sustainability performance of a wireless charging bus fleet. Wireless charging is an innovation of transmitting power through electromagnetic induction to portable electrical devices for energy renewal. Online Electric Vehicle (OLEV) is a new technology that allows the vehicle to be charged while it is in motion, thus removing the need to stop at a charging station. Developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), OLEV picks up electricity from power transmitters buried underground. This paper aims to investigate the cost of the energy logistics for the three types of wireless charging networks: stationary wireless charging (SWC), quasi-dynamic wireless charging (QWC), and dynamic wireless charging (DWC), deployed at stops and size of battery capacity for electric buses, using OLEV technology for a bus service transit in the borough of Manhattan (MN) in New York City (NYC).
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leahey, jason. "Sahadi's: A Family Affair." Gastronomica 12, no. 2 (2012): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.2.87.
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This story details the history, wares, and business philosophy of the Sahadi Importing Company, a third-generation Lebanese-American family food business in Brooklyn. It begins by noting the ways Brooklyn's commercial and cultural landscapes have drastically changed over the past few years, positioning Sahadi's as a local throwback to the borough of yore still thriving next to the powerful and national businesses that are now its neighbors. It then relates the history of the store and the family, starting in 1895 up until 2012, relating the growth from small ethnic importer on the Lower East Side of Manhattan to the successful importer/manufacturer with a broad customer base that it is today. The essay attributes credit for the health of the business to the owner's emphasis on the personal touch in customer service, noting that he considers his business’ character as a family institution, not its financial success, his proudest accomplishment. Lastly, the essay relates the owner's pride in having an ethnically diverse staff and his belief that the people who comprise a family need not necessarily be related by blood, positing that Sahadi's family business may more accurately be considered business-as-family, and that such a warm attitude that emphasizes the individual is a small taste of the locally oriented America of the past.
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Gerte, Raymond, Karthik C. Konduri, and Naveen Eluru. "Is There a Limit to Adoption of Dynamic Ridesharing Systems? Evidence from Analysis of Uber Demand Data from New York City." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 42 (2018): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118788462.
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Recent technological advances have paved the way for new mobility alternatives within established transportation networks, including on-demand ride hailing/sharing (e.g., Uber, Lyft) and citywide bike sharing. Common across these innovative modes is a lack of direct ownership by the user; in each of these mobility offerings, a resource not owned by the end users’ is shared for fulfilling travel needs. This concept has flourished and is being hailed as a potential option for autonomous vehicle operation moving forward. However, substantial investigation into how new shared modes affect travel behaviors and integrate into existing transportation networks is lacking. This paper explores whether the growth in the adoption and usage of these modes is unbounded, or if there is a limit to their uptake. Recent trends and shifts in Uber demand usage from New York City were investigated to explore the hypothesis. Using publicly available data about Uber trips, temporal trends in the weekly demand for Uber were explored in the borough of Manhattan. A panel-based random effects model accounting for both heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation effects was estimated wherein weekly demand was expressed as a function of a variety of demographic, land use, and environmental factors. It was observed that demand appeared to initially increase after the introduction of Uber, but seemed to have stagnated and waned over time in heavily residential portions of the island, contradicting the observed macroscopic unbounded growth. The implications extend beyond already existing fully shared systems and also affect the planning of future mobility offerings.
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Bragg, Marie A., Yrvane K. Pageot, Olivia Hernández-Villarreal, Sue A. Kaplan, and Simona C. Kwon. "Content analysis of targeted food and beverage advertisements in a Chinese-American neighbourhood." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 12 (2017): 2208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001070.
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AbstractObjectivesThe current descriptive study aimed to: (i) quantify the number and type of advertisements (ads) located in a Chinese-American neighbourhood in a large, urban city; and (ii) catalogue the targeted marketing themes used in the food/beverage ads.DesignTen pairs of trained research assistants photographed all outdoor ads in a 0·6 mile2 (1·6 km2) area where more than 60·0 % of residents identify as Chinese American. We used content analysis to assess the marketing themes of ads, including references to: Asian cultures; health; various languages; children; food or beverage type (e.g. sugar-sweetened soda).SettingLower East Side, a neighbourhood located in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, USA.SubjectsAds (n 1366) in the designated neighbourhood.ResultsFood/beverage ads were the largest ad category (29·7 %, n 407), followed by services (e.g. mobile phone services; 21·0 %, n 288). Sixty-seven per cent (66·9 %) of beverages featured were sugar-sweetened, and 50·8 % of food ads promoted fast food. Fifty-five per cent (54·9 %) of food/beverage ads targeted Asian Americans through language, ethnicity of person(s) in the ad or inclusion of culturally relevant images. Fifty per cent (50·2 %) of ads were associated with local/small brands.ConclusionsFood/beverage marketing practices are known to promote unhealthy food and beverage products. Research shows that increased exposure leads to excessive short-term consumption among consumers and influences children’s food preferences and purchase requests. Given the frequency of racially targeted ads for unhealthy products in the current study and increasing rates of obesity-related diseases among Asian Americans, research and policies should address the implications of food and beverage ads on health.
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Moss, Marie, Jordan Ehni, Ilka Herbison, et al. "505. Use of CLABSI Prevention Bundle Audits to Decrease CLABSI Rates in COVID Positive ICU Patients in an Acute Care Hospital in New York City During the COVID-19 Epidemic." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S318—S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.699.
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Abstract Background Mount Sinai Beth Israel (MSBI) is a 220 bed acute care hospital located in the Manhattan borough of Manhattan in New York City. Prior to COVID-19, the hospital had one 16-bed Medical/Surgical ICU. When the COVID epidemic struck New York City, the MSBI ED was flooded with critically ill patients requiring ICU care. Seven other ICUs were opened, all of which were filled with COVID patients. The majority of these patients required central lines for the multiple antibiotics, steroids, and vasopressors they needed to survive. Agency RNs were brought in to care for ICU patients. In April, the MSBI Infection Prevention (IP) department received several CLABSI notifications through its data mining system. The IPs were alarmed at the number of CLABSIs occurring in ICU COVID patients with central lines. ICU CLABSI Rates in an Acute Care Hospital During the COVID-19 Epidemic in New York City Methods A baseline assessment, using the central line maintenance bundle, was conducted on all COVID patients with central lines. This assessment revealed issues with central line maintenance, including: undated, bloody, and non-intact dressings, poorly placed CHG impregnated disks; blood in end-caps, and missing alcohol impregnated caps on ports. The decision was made to bring in infusion RNs from an outpatient system site to perform daily rounds on central lines. These RNs performed daily intensive maintenance bundle rounds for a month during the COVID epidemic. During their rounds, ICU nurses and managers were notified of central line dressing and cap issues and educated on how to correct them. These RNs also e-mailed daily reports of their findings to Nursing Leadership for their review. Central Line Audit Team: RNs Who Monitored Central Lines in COVID ICUs in An Acute Care Hospital in NYC Central Line Audit Team: RNs Who Monitored Central Lines in COVID ICUs in An Acute Care Hospital in NYC Results Central line rounds performed after the intervention showed a great improvement in compliance with the central line maintenance bundle, from 13% during the first rounds performed in April, to 88% in May, less than a month after these rounds started. Since this intervention, the ICU CLABSI rate has decreased from a rate of 3.3 per 1,000 central line days in April and May to a current rate of 0. Conclusion The timely identification and root cause analysis of a problem must be followed by timely, intensive, and repeated interventions that are designed to attack the causes of problems at their source. After the crisis period is over, the interventions must be maintained to ensure that gains made can be sustained. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Gonzalez, Marisol, Ronald Feinstein, Carina Iezzi, and Martin Fisher. "Nutrition intake and physical activity in a middle school in New York City." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, no. 3 (2015): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0035.
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Abstract Purpose: The threat of childhood obesity has never been greater. Behavior changes implemented during childhood and adolescence are believed to be the most successful means of thwarting the progression of this epidemic. The American Academy of Pediatrics has developed a public health campaign that promotes awareness of clinical guidelines for nutrition and physical activity. The campaign is based on a concept developed by the Maine Center for Public Health referred to as “5-2-1-0 Healthy”. The simple clear message of this concept outlines steps families can take to help prevent and treat childhood obesity. The purpose of the present study is to determine the current level of compliance and health education needs of a middle school population related to the “5-2-1-0” concept. Methods: A modified version of the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) was distributed to students at a private, nonsectarian, middle school in New York City. The school is located in the borough of Manhattan, but includes youngsters from all five boroughs of the city. The questions were grouped and analyzed according to “5-2-1-0” categories. Surveys were scored, and the association between targeted questionnaire items and demographic variables (i.e., sex and grade) was examined. Results: All 140 students completed the survey, and there was great variability in their responses to both the nutrition and physical activity questions. Of all students, 65% reported eating one cup or more of fruit daily, and 38% reported eating one cup or more of vegetables daily. There was no statistically significant difference reported in consumption of fruits or vegetables by gender or grade. Over 60% of students indicated <2 h of DVD/video or computer/video game time per day, while 10% indicated more than 3 h per day for each. A significant difference existed in the screen time reported between grades (more screen time by the older students) and a statistically significant difference also existed in the amount of physical activity reported by gender and grade (more physical activity by males and younger students). There was no difference in the reported consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages by gender or grade. Conclusion: In a cohort of middle school students in New York City, there was great variability in compliance with the principles represented by the “5-2-1-0” concept. Changes in health behaviors were noted as students went from 6th to 7th to 8th grade, with physical activity decreasing and screen time increasing. Consequently, health curriculum topics for middle school students should focus on physical activity and screen time, while continuing to emphasize the need for proper nutrition.
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Correa, Diego, and Christian Moyano. "Analysis & Prediction of New York City Taxi and Uber Demands." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 21, no. 5 (2023): 886–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.5.2074.
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Taxi and Uber are an imperative transportation mode in New York City (NYC). This paper investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of pickups of medallion taxi (Yellow), Street Hail Livery Service taxi (Green), and Uber services in NYC, within the five boroughs: Brooklyn, the Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Regression Models and Machine Learning algorithms such as XGboost and Random Forest are used to predict the ridership of taxis and Uber dataset combined in NYC, given a time window of one-hour and locations within zip-code areas. The dataset consisting of over 90 million trips within the period April-September 2014, being Yellow with 86% the most used in the city, followed by Green with 9% and Uber with 5%. In outer boroughs, the number of pickups is 12.9 million (14%), while 77.9 million (86%) were made in Manhattan only. Yellow is the predominant option in Manhattan and Queens, while Green is preferred in Brooklyn and Bronx. In Staten Island, the market is shared between the three services. However, Uber presents a highly rising trend of 81% in Manhattan and 145% in outer boroughs during the analysis period. The regression model XGboost performed best because of its exceptional capacity to catch complex feature dependencies. The XGboost model accomplished an estimation of 38.51 for RMSE and 0.97 for R^2. This model could present valuable insights to taxi companies, decision-makers, and city planners in responding to questions, e.g., how to situate taxis where they are generally required, understand how ridership shifts over time, and the total number of taxis needed to dispatch in order to meet de the demand.
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Tully, Nola. "Outer Boroughs: New York Beyond Manhattan by William Meyers." Hopkins Review 8, no. 4 (2015): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/thr.2015.0088.
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Trinh, Pauline, Tae Hyun Jung, Danya Keene, Ryan T. Demmer, Matthew Perzanowski, and Gina Lovasi. "Temporal and spatial associations between influenza and asthma hospitalisations in New York City from 2002 to 2012: a longitudinal ecological study." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (2018): e020362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020362.
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ObjectivesTo determine whether asthma hospitalisations of children and adults in the five boroughs of New York City are correlated with influenza hospitalisations temporally and spatially.DesignA longitudinal ecological study.Inclusion criteriaWe reviewed the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System’s records of hospitalisations in Manhattan, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island from 2002 to 2012. All hospitalisations with a primary diagnosis of either asthma or influenza were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes.MethodsA time-series regression analysis was performed using aggregate monthly counts of influenza hospitalisations as predictors of asthma hospitalisations. Time-series regression models were also applied to different age groups and boroughs to examine the magnitude of influenza and asthma correlations across strata. The per cent excess risk was also calculated across age groups and boroughs.ResultsTime-series analysis of the overall population revealed a significant positive correlation between influenza and asthma hospitalisations (p=0.011). When stratifying by age, there was a significant positive correlation between asthma and influenza hospitalisations for individuals 18 and older (p<0.01), and no significant correlation found for age groups younger than 18. Percentages of excess risk of influenza-related asthma hospitalisations also increased with increasing age with adults 18–44, 45–64 and 65+ having excess risk percentages of 2.9%, 3.4% and 4%, respectively. Time-series analysis by location revealed positive significant correlations between asthma and influenza hospitalisations in Brooklyn (p=0.03) and Manhattan (p<0.01). Manhattan and Brooklyn had a 2.5% and 1.6%, respectively, percentage of excess risk of influenza-related asthma hospitalisations.ConclusionInfluenza and asthma hospitalisations are significantly associated at the population level among adults. These associations vary by age and geographical location. Influenza prevention strategies targeting adult populations, particularly individuals living in Manhattan and Brooklyn, have the potential for meaningful reduction of influenza-related asthma hospitalisations.
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Andy Hermawan, Antonius Andriyanto, Ryandri Alif Pratomoputra, William Armand Rahardjo, and Yogga Prastya Wijaya. "Optimalisasi Waktu Penjemputan Dan Lokasi Pada Data Histori Perjalanan NYC TLC Menggunakan Exploratory Data Analysis." Uranus : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, Sains dan Informatika 2, no. 2 (2024): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/uranus.v1i2.175.
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This study analyzes the "NYC TLC Trip Record" dataset for the period January 1, 2023 to January 31, 2023 to understand taxi usage patterns in New York City. The objectives to be achieved in this analysis include: (1) Identify the days and times with the highest demand for taxi services, (2) Identify the boroughs with the highest demand for taxi services. We applied univariate analysis for this analysis. The results show that the day with the highest demand occurs on Tuesday for the densest time occurs in the vulnerable time of 3 pm to 6 pm. The boroughs with the highest taxi demand are Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn. This analysis provides the results for NYC TLC to develop a data-driven optimization strategy. This analysis not only helps in identifying demand hotspots but also provides insights for more efficient taxi scheduling and placement. With this analysis, it is expected that more effective pick-up time and location optimization strategies can be developed, thereby improving operational efficiency and customer satisfaction in taxi services in New York City.
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Gruebner, Oliver, Sarah Lowe, Martin Sykora, Ketan Shankardass, SV Subramanian, and Sandro Galea. "Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Negative Emotions in New York City After a Natural Disaster as Seen in Social Media." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102275.
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Disasters have substantial consequences for population mental health. We used Twitter to (1) extract negative emotions indicating discomfort in New York City (NYC) before, during, and after Superstorm Sandy in 2012. We further aimed to (2) identify whether pre- or peri-disaster discomfort were associated with peri- or post-disaster discomfort, respectively, and to (3) assess geographic variation in discomfort across NYC census tracts over time. Our sample consisted of 1,018,140 geo-located tweets that were analyzed with an advanced sentiment analysis called ”Extracting the Meaning Of Terse Information in a Visualization of Emotion” (EMOTIVE). We calculated discomfort rates for 2137 NYC census tracts, applied spatial regimes regression to find associations of discomfort, and used Moran’s I for spatial cluster detection across NYC boroughs over time. We found increased discomfort, that is, bundled negative emotions after the storm as compared to during the storm. Furthermore, pre- and peri-disaster discomfort was positively associated with post-disaster discomfort; however, this association was different across boroughs, with significant associations only in Manhattan, the Bronx, and Queens. In addition, rates were most prominently spatially clustered in Staten Island lasting pre- to post-disaster. This is the first study that determined significant associations of negative emotional responses found in social media posts over space and time in the context of a natural disaster, which may guide us in identifying those areas and populations mostly in need for care.
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Rebentisch, Hannah, Rania Wasfi, Daniel P. Piatkowski, and Kevin Manaugh. "Safe Streets for All? Analyzing Infrastructural Response to Pedestrian and Cyclist Crashes in New York City, 2009–2018." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (2019): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118821672.
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Although cycling and walking carry a host of benefits, neither the benefits nor the risks—those of injury and fatality—are equitably distributed. Although research has shown higher income and gentrified areas have better access to protected bicycle infrastructure, low-income and communities of color are overrepresented in severe injury and fatality rates among cyclists and pedestrians. This research employs temporal, spatial, and socio-economic data to study the distribution of cycling infrastructure and safety improvements in New York City between income groups and boroughs. The integration of temporal data representing pedestrian and cyclist injury and fatality, and infrastructure installation date, point toward the establishment of time trends in the relationship between traffic violence and safety investment. Socio-economic factors are analyzed to see how this relationship and access more generally are related to income. We observed that lower-income groups continue to be overrepresented in crashes across New York’s boroughs, with the exception of Manhattan, and although crash rates have fallen in the years since 2009, these gains do not improve the position of lower-income groups, which continue to experience a disproportionate share of fatalities and injuries. However, longitudinal multi-level logistic models controlling for reported pedestrian and cyclist injuries in previous years uncovered additional relationships between socio-economic status, injuries, location, and safety investment. For example, the implementation of safety improvements and speed humps are significantly related to reported injuries in previous years; this finding supports the city’s stated goals of targeting improvements to areas most in need of improved safety for vulnerable road users.
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Kheiri, A., F. Karimipour, and M. Forghani. "INTRA-URBAN MOVEMENT FLOW ESTIMATION USING LOCATION BASED SOCIAL NETWORKING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-781-2015.
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In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of location-based social networking services, such as Foursquare and Facebook, which have attracted an increasing number of users and greatly enriched their urban experience. Location-based social network data, as a new travel demand data source, seems to be an alternative or complement to survey data in the study of mobility behavior and activity analysis because of its relatively high access and low cost. In this paper, three OD estimation models have been utilized in order to investigate their relative performance when using Location-Based Social Networking (LBSN) data. For this, the Foursquare LBSN data was used to analyze the intra-urban movement behavioral patterns for the study area, Manhattan, the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York city. The outputs of models are evaluated using real observations based on different criterions including distance distribution, destination travel constraints. The results demonstrate the promising potential of using LBSN data for urban travel demand analysis and monitoring.
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Fullwood, Dottington, Carrie Cameron, Sydney Means, et al. "Prevalence of violent advertisements in New York City subways." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 2 (2021): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.27.
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Background: Media advertisements displaying aggression and violence in public transit spaces represent a public health concern. The high visibility of ads likely contributes to increased levels of aggression among New York City (NYC) youths traveling across boroughs. Given the importance of the physical, psychological and social environment in shaping the lives of youth, additional attention is warranted regarding how media advertisements are promoted within public transit spaces across America. The aim of this study was to document quantity and placement of advertisements illustrating aggressive and violent content throughout the NYC public transit subway system. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a five-day period in June 2017. Direct observation was used to document all advertisements within every NYC Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) subway station (N = 472) in four NYC boroughs: Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens. Static media advertisements with/without aggressive and violent content displayed on subway platform wall panels above and underground were counted, photographed and described with a mobile app. Results: Aggressive and violent ads in the MTA were pervasive. Subway platforms displayed advertising consisting of guns, individuals fighting and attacking, and words with aggressive language. Conclusion: Public transit spaces provide unregulated visual and verbal messages without citizen participation. Subway stations in NYC and across the country prohibition stance could be a model for violent content reduction. Given the pervasive and tragic effects of aggression and violence on youth and adults, transit agencies could inundate passengers with positive advertising content. Dialogue between citizens and transit agencies to remove noxious messages from public transit spaces warrants the same discussion given to banning alcohol advertisements.
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Sarkar, Avijit, Mehrdad Koohikamali, and James B. Pick. "Spatial and socioeconomic analysis of host participation in the sharing economy." Information Technology & People 33, no. 3 (2019): 983–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-10-2018-0481.
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Purpose In recent years, short-term sharing accommodation platforms such as Airbnb have made rapid forays in populous cities worldwide, impacting neighborhoods profoundly. Emerging work has focused on demand-side motivations to engage in the sharing economy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze rarely examined supply-side motivations of providers. Design/methodology/approach To address this gap and to illuminate understanding of how Airbnb supply is configured and influenced, this study examines spatial patterns and socioeconomic influences on participation in the sharing accommodation economy by Airbnb hosts in New York City (NYC). An exploratory conceptual model of host participation is induced, which posits associations of demographic, economic, employment, social capital attributes, and attitudes toward trust and sustainability with host participation, measured by Airbnb property density in neighborhoods. Methods employed include ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, k-means cluster analysis and spatial analytics. Findings Spatially, clusters of high host densities are in Manhattan and northern Brooklyn and there is little proportionate change longitudinally. OLS regression findings reveal that gender ratio, black race/ethnicity, median household income, and professional, scientific, and technical occupation, and attitudes toward sustainability for property types are dominant correlates of property density, while host trust in customers is not supported. Research limitations/implications These results along with differences between Queens and Manhattan boroughs have implications for hosts sharing their homes and for city managers to formulate policies and regulate short-term rental markets in impacted neighborhoods. Originality/value The study is novel in conceptualizing and analyzing the supply-side provider motivations of the sharing accommodation economy. Geostatistical analysis of property densities to gauge host participation is novel. Value stems from new insights on NYC’s short-term homesharing market.
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Chu, You-Lian. "Empirical Analysis of Commute Stop-Making Behavior." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1831, no. 1 (2003): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1831-12.
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A set of stop frequency models used to predict the number of nonwork activity stops made by individual adult workers on their way to work (home-based morning commute), their way home from work (home-based evening commute), and during their working hours (work-based midday travel) is presented. The ordered probit formulation was used to account for the ordered classification scale of the dependent variable (in this case, number of stops—zero stop, one stop, and two or more stops). With the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council household interview data, the models were used to examine commute stop-making behavior for individual workers residing in New York City (including the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Staten Island). The empirical results provide useful insights into the effects of sociodemographics, land use density, transportation service, and work schedule on commute stop-making propensity in a highly urbanized environment. The findings also provide exploratory methodological evidence that could lead to an approach for predicting the change in commute stop-making propensity as a result of the changes in sociodemographic conditions and transportation-land use scenarios.
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Goldstein, Barry. "Small Hours in the Meatpacking District." Gastronomica 11, no. 4 (2011): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.11.4.23.
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New York's Meatpacking District, on Manhattan's west side south of Fourteenth Street, has gone through several incarnations. In the early twentieth century, it was home to hundreds of butchers and processors. During the past decade, development exploded, and today, only seven meat wholesalers and distributers remain. The area was designated a historical district in 2003, and even this remnant will soon diminish, displaced by a new home for the Whitney Museum. But between the hours of 2:00 and 10:00 a.m., tractor-trailers still idle on Washington Street, whole carcasses are loaded into large refrigerated workrooms, and men who commute from Jersey and outlying boroughs still labor under cold fluorescents over bloodied power saws. A photo essay showing activities in DeBragga and Spitler, Inc. and J.T. Jobbagy, Inc., two of the remaining meat wholesalers and butchers in New York's Meatpacking district. Photographer Barry Goldstein is the author of Gray Land: Soldiers on War (W.W. Norton & Co., 2009). He is Associate Professor of Medical Humanities at the University of Rochester Medical Center, and Visiting Professor of Humanities at Williams College.
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Abdou, Samia, Wuzhen Zhang, and John W. Fisher. "Orthotropic Deck Fatigue Investigation at Triborough Bridge, New York." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (2003): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-17.
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The Triborough Bridge connects the boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx in New York City. The bridge has suspended spans with a total length of 2,700 ft (823 m). The existing concrete deck is being replaced with an orthotropic steel deck to reduce the overall dead load. Before deck replacement, a prototype steel orthotropic deck was installed on the main span for a length of 120 ft (36.6 m). About 300 strain gauges were installed at critical locations to investigate the fatigue strength under static and dynamic loads of the AASHTO fatigue truck and under normal traffic. The strain gauge testing was done in three phases, and structural refinements were made to the deck system between phases. Traffic monitoring was conducted for the most critical locations over a 30-day period during Phase III. The results from three phases of the strain gauge testing, including influence lines and traffic monitoring data, were used to calculate fatigue stress ranges and the fatigue life for each detail. In addition to strain gauge testing, a finite element analysis of the orthotropic deck was performed with loading criteria set by AASHTO load and resistance factor design. The results from the finite element analysis were compared with the results obtained from the strain gauge testing. It was concluded that the heavy trucks on the bridge cause fatigue stresses higher than what had been anticipated by AASHTO. The investigation assisted in modifying the design to obtain a longer service life for the deck system under heavy-truck traffic.
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Rodenbiker, Jesse, Nina Overgaard Therkildsen, Erica Ruan, and Kelly Su. "Advancing One Health in Urban Seafood Markets: A Genetic and Social Analysis of Dried Sea Cucumber in Three New York City Chinatowns." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (2024): 3589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093589.
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This study employs a multidisciplinary methodology across natural and social sciences to examine relationships between biodiversity loss at sea and urban consumption with a focus on sea cucumber and dried seafood markets in New York City (NYC). The study identified 34 dried seafood retailers across three NYC Chinatown boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. Samples of sea cucumber were collected with Chinese-language labels indicating the commodity was from South America, a region of conservation concern. Comparison samples were taken from sea cucumbers labeled from Mexico and Japan. A mitochondrial DNA barcoding method was used to examine the taxonomic origin of 103 samples. Sequence data were successfully obtained from 74 of the samples, 8 of which were classified as brown sea cucumber (Isostichopus fuscus), an endangered species for which harvest is banned in several locations. Semi-structured interviews with dried seafood retailers and consumers (n = 64), moreover, revealed associations between consuming sea cucumber and enhancing human health and limited knowledge of product origins. Collectively, the findings reveal socio-ecological dynamics wherein endangered species on the market coupled with geographic market labeling practices and varying degrees of retailer and consumer knowledge negatively bear on marine biodiversity. Furthermore, given that brown sea cucumbers are abundant on the market, there is a need for developing genetic markers that can trace geographic origin to determine if species were legally harvested. These results indicate that more robust market labeling, training, genetic research, and public outreach are required to advance One Health in urban seafood markets.
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Tamerius, J. D., M. S. Perzanowski, L. M. Acosta, et al. "Socioeconomic and Outdoor Meteorological Determinants of Indoor Temperature and Humidity in New York City Dwellings*." Weather, Climate, and Society 5, no. 2 (2013): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-12-00030.1.
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Abstract Numerous mechanisms link outdoor weather and climate conditions to human health. It is likely that many health conditions are more directly affected by indoor rather than outdoor conditions. Yet, the relationship between indoor temperature and humidity conditions to outdoor variability, and the heterogeneity of the relationship among different indoor environments are largely unknown. The authors use 5–14-day measures of indoor temperature and relative humidity from 327 dwellings in New York City New York, for the years 2008–11 to investigate the relationship between indoor climate, outdoor meteorological conditions, socioeconomic conditions, and building descriptors. Study households were primarily middle income and located across the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Manhattan. Indoor temperatures are positively associated with outdoor temperature during the warm season and study dwellings in higher socioeconomic status neighborhoods are significantly cooler. During the cool season, outdoor temperatures have little effect on indoor temperatures; however, indoor temperatures can range more than 10°C between dwellings despite similar outdoor temperatures. Apartment buildings tend to be significantly warmer than houses and dwellings on higher floors are also significantly warmer than dwellings on lower floors. Outdoor specific humidity is positively associated with indoor specific and relative humidity, but there is no consistent relationship between outdoor and indoor relative humidity. In New York City, the relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity conditions varies significantly between dwellings. These results can be used to inform studies of health outcomes for which temperature or humidity is an established factor affecting human health. The results highlight the need for more research on the determinants of indoor climate.
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Ali, Shahmir H., Valerie M. Imbruce, Rienna G. Russo, et al. "Evaluating Closures of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Vendors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Methodology and Preliminary Results Using Omnidirectional Street View Imagery." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 2 (2021): e23870. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23870.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the food retail environment. However, its impact on fresh fruit and vegetable vendors remains unclear; these are often smaller, more community centered, and may lack the financial infrastructure to withstand supply and demand changes induced by such crises. Objective This study documents the methodology used to assess fresh fruit and vegetable vendor closures in New York City (NYC) following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic by using Google Street View, the new Apple Look Around database, and in-person checks. Methods In total, 6 NYC neighborhoods (in Manhattan and Brooklyn) were selected for analysis; these included two socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods (Upper East Side, Park Slope), two socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods (East Harlem, Brownsville), and two Chinese ethnic neighborhoods (Chinatown, Sunset Park). For each neighborhood, Google Street View was used to virtually walk down each street and identify vendors (stores, storefronts, street vendors, or wholesalers) that were open and active in 2019 (ie, both produce and vendor personnel were present at a location). Past vendor surveillance (when available) was used to guide these virtual walks. Each identified vendor was geotagged as a Google Maps pinpoint that research assistants then physically visited. Using the “notes” feature of Google Maps as a data collection tool, notes were made on which of three categories best described each vendor: (1) open, (2) open with a more limited setup (eg, certain sections of the vendor unit that were open and active in 2019 were missing or closed during in-person checks), or (3) closed/absent. Results Of the 135 open vendors identified in 2019 imagery data, 35% (n=47) were absent/closed and 10% (n=13) were open with more limited setups following the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. When comparing boroughs, 35% (28/80) of vendors in Manhattan were absent/closed, as were 35% (19/55) of vendors in Brooklyn. Although Google Street View was able to provide 2019 street view imagery data for most neighborhoods, Apple Look Around was required for 2019 imagery data for some areas of Park Slope. Past surveillance data helped to identify 3 additional established vendors in Chinatown that had been missed in street view imagery. The Google Maps “notes” feature was used by multiple research assistants simultaneously to rapidly collect observational data on mobile devices. Conclusions The methodology employed enabled the identification of closures in the fresh fruit and vegetable retail environment and can be used to assess closures in other contexts. The use of past baseline surveillance data to aid vendor identification was valuable for identifying vendors that may have been absent or visually obstructed in the street view imagery data. Data collection using Google Maps likewise has the potential to enhance the efficiency of fieldwork in future studies.
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Georgas, Nickitas, Philip Orton, Alan Blumberg, Leah Cohen, Daniel Zarrilli, and Larry Yin. "The Impact of Tidal Phase on Hurricane Sandy's Flooding Around New York City and Long Island Sound." Journal of Extreme Events 01, no. 01 (2014): 1450006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737614500067.
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How do the local impacts of Hurricane Sandy's devastating storm surge differ because of the phase of the normal astronomical tide, given the spatiotemporal variability of tides around New York? In the weeks and months after Hurricane Sandy's peak surge came ashore at the time of local high tide at the southern tip of Manhattan and caused record-setting flooding along the New York and New Jersey coastline, this was one question that government officials and critical infrastructure managers were asking. For example, a simple superposition of the observed peak storm surge during Sandy on top of high tide in Western Long Island Sound comes within 29 cm (less than a foot) of the top elevation of the Stamford Hurricane barrier system which would have been overtopped by 60 cm surface waves riding over that storm tide. Here, a hydrodynamic model study of how shifts in storm surge timing could have influenced flood heights is presented. Multiple flood scenarios were evaluated with Stevens Institute of Technology's New York Harbor Observing and Prediction System model (NYHOPS) having Hurricane Sandy arriving any hour within the previous or next tidal cycle (any hour within a 26-hour period around Sandy's actual landfall). The simulated scenarios of Sandy coming between 7 and 10 hours earlier than it did were found to produce the worst coastal flooding in the Upper East River, Western and Central Long Island Sound among the evaluated cases. Flooding would have generally been worse compared to the real Sandy in Connecticut and the areas of New York City around the Upper East River between the boroughs of Queens and the Bronx, exceeding record flood heights. However, the New York Harbor region would still have seen its record flood elevation exceeded, so the storm's impact could have been more widespread. The hydrodynamic model results suggest that the still-water levels would have risen to within 75 cm of the top elevation of the Stamford storm surge barrier, 46 cm lower than the naïve superposition of astronomical tide and storm surge.
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Xiao, Yunyu, and Chengbo Zeng. "467. Spatial-Temporal Prediction Model of COVID-19 Mortality across 62 Counties in New York State." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.660.
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Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality. New York State (NY) is the hotspot with most coronavirus cases, while there are spatial/temporal variations. Yet, few examined county-level factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients in NY. Based on the sociological framework in health, this study links large and representative public data to understand COVID-19 mortality in NY over different stages of pandemic. Methods Mortality cases were from Mar 17 (state of emergency; 0.1 per 100,000), Apr 18 (coronavirus peak; 87.4), Apr 25 (expand testing; 108.7), and May 11 (daily reduced to original; 137.6). Three domains (compositional, contextual, and collective) and 28 county-level predictors of mortality were extracted from American Community Survey, Area Health Resources, US Crime Data, and Religious Data systems for each county. Compositional domain covered socio-demographic characteristics in local areas (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, housing). Contextual domain covered include social and physical opportunities (e.g., health insurance coverage, transportation, mental health providers). Collective domain covered neighborhood safety and religious adherents. Mixed effect regression with the least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) was used to select the predictors and estimate the parameters after adjusting the time effect and cumulative prevalence of COVID-19. 有道词典 ; 0.1 per 100,000 people 详细X ;每100000人0.1 Results NYC and the nearby boroughs (i.e., Bronx, Kings, Manhattan, Queens) had the highest cumulative mortality (231.69 per 100,000 people). Counties far from New York Cities (e.g., Allegany, Cortland, Delaware) had the lowest cumulative mortality. Spatial variation showed counties with larger population density (β=.01, p=.022) and/or higher proportion of people with at least high school education (β=227.24, p=.03) were at risk of higher cumulative mortality in COVID-19. Conclusion Unique spatial clustering mortality risk of COVID-19s was detected, highlighting important but understudied roles of contextual and collective factors. Tailored policy efforts shall be designed to support counties with large population density and high levels of education to prevent the mortality related to COVID-19 infection in NY. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Kissler, Stephen M., Nishant Kishore, Malavika Prabhu, et al. "Reductions in commuting mobility correlate with geographic differences in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in New York City." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18271-5.
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Abstract SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and hospitalizations differ substantially between New York City neighborhoods. Mitigation efforts require knowing the extent to which these disparities reflect differences in prevalence and understanding the associated drivers. Here, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City boroughs inferred using tests administered to 1,746 pregnant women hospitalized for delivery between March 22nd and May 3rd, 2020. We also assess the relationship between prevalence and commuting-style movements into and out of each borough. Prevalence ranged from 11.3% (95% credible interval [8.9%, 13.9%]) in Manhattan to 26.0% (15.3%, 38.9%) in South Queens, with an estimated city-wide prevalence of 15.6% (13.9%, 17.4%). Prevalence was lowest in boroughs with the greatest reductions in morning movements out of and evening movements into the borough (Pearson R = −0.88 [−0.52, −0.99]). Widespread testing is needed to further specify disparities in prevalence and assess the risk of future outbreaks.
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Rajput, Akhil Anil, Qingchun Li, Xinyu Gao, and Ali Mostafavi. "Revealing Critical Characteristics of Mobility Patterns in New York City During the Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic." Frontiers in Built Environment 7 (January 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.654409.
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New York has become one of the worst-affected COVID-19 hotspots and a pandemic epicenter due to the ongoing crisis. This paper identifies the impact of the pandemic and the effectiveness of government policies on human mobility by analyzing multiple datasets available at both macro and micro levels for New York City. Using data sources related to population density, aggregated population mobility, public rail transit use, vehicle use, hotspot and non-hotspot movement patterns, and human activity agglomeration, we analyzed the inter-borough and intra-borough movement for New York City by aggregating the data at the borough level. We also assessed the internodal population movement amongst hotspot and non-hotspot points of interest for the month of March and April 2020. Results indicate a drop of about 80% in people’s mobility in the city, beginning in mid-March. The movement to and from Manhattan showed the most disruption for both public transit and road traffic. The city saw its first case on March 1, 2020, but disruptions in mobility can be seen only after the second week of March when the shelter in place orders was put in effect. Owing to people working from home and adhering to stay-at-home orders, Manhattan saw the largest disruption to both inter- and intra-borough movement. But the risk of spread of infection in Manhattan turned out to be high because of higher hotspot-linked movements. The stay-at-home restrictions also led to an increased population density in Brooklyn and Queens as people were not commuting to Manhattan. Insights obtained from this study would help policymakers better understand human behavior and their response to the news and governmental policies.
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Kolesnikova, Masha, Haram Abdelmajid, Stephan Kohlhoff, and Tamar A. Smith‐Norowitz. "Social determinants of health disparities in Staten Island compared with Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx: Contribution to COVID‐19 outcomes." Immunity, Inflammation and Disease 12, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iid3.1151.
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AbstractIntroductionSocial determinants of health (SDH) negatively affected Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes within the five boroughs of New York City. The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in social demographics within the borough of Staten Island, compared with the other four boroughs, may have contributed to poor COVID‐19 outcomes in Staten Island.MethodsData were obtained from public data sources. Social demographics obtained included age, household income, poverty status, and education level. COVID‐19 infection, hospitalization, and death rates reported from Staten Island were compared with rates from Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx (February 29, 2020–October 31, 2022). Mean differences in case rates of COVID‐19 were higher in Staten Island compared to all four boroughs.ResultsMean differences in hospitalization and death rates were higher than Manhattan but similar to the other four boroughs. Within Staten Island, case rates were highest in zip codes 10306 and 10309. Hospitalization and death rates were highest in Staten Island zip code 10304. We found that the zip codes of Staten Island with poorer COVID‐19 outcomes had more individuals with less than a high school degree, lower mean household income, higher proportion of households earning less than $25,000 a year, and a greater proportion of individuals using public transportation.ConclusionDifferences in COVID‐19 infection, hospitalization, and death rates exist between the five boroughs and between the 12 zip codes within Staten Island. These differences in COVID‐19 outcomes can be attributed to different SDH.
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Zhou, Eric G., Amy Ellen Schwartz, and Brian Elbel. "Gentrification and childhood obesity: Evidence from New York City public school students in public housing." Obesity, November 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oby.23947.
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AbstractObjectiveThe study objective was to determine the effect of gentrification on the weight outcomes of New York City public school students living in public housing.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of 19,022 New York City public school students in public housing followed during 2009–2017, weight outcomes of students living in public housing buildings in gentrified neighborhoods were compared to those living in consistently low‐socioeconomic‐status neighborhoods; assignment was quasi‐random in each borough.ResultsAmong the 42,182 student‐year observations, gentrification did not increase weight outcomes significantly, for BMI z scores (0.037; 95% CI: −0.012 to 0.086), obesity (0.6 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI: −0.9 to 2.1), or overweight (1.3 pp; 95% CI: −0.7 to 3.2). However, heterogeneous effects by borough were found, where the gentrification in Manhattan increased students' BMI z scores by 0.19 (95% CI: 0.09–0.29), obesity by 3.4 pp (95% CI: 0.03–6.5), and overweight by 9.2 pp (95% CI: 6.3–12.1). No heterogeneity by race and ethnicity, gender, or age was found.ConclusionsWith strong internal validity, this study shows that neighborhood gentrification differentially influenced children's health through obesity, based on borough of residence. Such findings could inform policies or interventions focused on subpopulations and geographies.
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Dinesh, Anant, Taha Mallick, Tatiana M. Arreglado, Brian L. Altonen, and Ryan Engdahl. "Outcomes of COVID-19 Admissions in the New York City Public Health System and Variations by Hospitals and Boroughs During the Initial Pandemic Response." Frontiers in Public Health 9 (May 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.570147.
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Introduction: In the initial pandemic regional differences may have existed in COVID-19 hospitalizations and patient outcomes in New York City. Whether these patterns were present in public hospitals is unknown. The aim of this brief study was to investigate COVID-19 hospitalizations and outcomes in the public health system during the initial pandemic response.Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on COVID-19 admissions in New York City public hospitals during the exponential phase of the pandemic. All data were collected from an integrated electronic medical records system (Epic Health Systems, Verona, WI). Overall, 5,422 patients with at least one admission each for COVID-19 were reviewed, with a study of demographic characteristics (including age, gender, race, BMI), pregnancy status, comorbidities, facility activity, and outcomes. Data related to hospitalization and mortality trends were also collected from City of New York website. These data often involved more than one facility and/or service line resulting in more location or treatment facility counts than patients due to utilization of services at more than one location and transfers between locations and facilities.Results: Higher mortality was associated with increasing age with the highest death rate (51.9%) noted in the age group &gt;75 years (OR 7.88, 95%CI 6.32–10.08). Comorbidities with higher mortality included diabetes (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.33–1.70), hypertension (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.44–1.83), cardiovascular conditions (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.47–1.87), COPD (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.39–2.50). It was deduced that 20% of all New York City COVID-19 positive admissions were in public health system during this timeframe. A high proportion of admissions (21.26%) and deaths (19.93%) were at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens. Bellevue and Metropolitan Hospitals had the lowest number of deaths, both in borough of Manhattan. Mortality in public hospitals in Brooklyn was 29.9%, Queens 28.1%, Manhattan 20.4%.Conclusion: Significant variations existed in COVID-19 hospitalizations and outcomes in the public health system in New York City during the initial pandemic. Although outcomes are worse with older age and those with comorbidities, variations in hospitals and boroughs outside of Manhattan are targets to investigate and strategize efforts.
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"Interview with Borough of Manhattan Community College Faculty Members and Higher Administrators in Languages." ADFL Bulletin 46, no. 1 (2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/adfl.46.1.106.
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Hyams, Rebecca. "Tending to an Overgrown Garden." Information Technology and Libraries 39, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v39i4.12163.
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In 2019, the Borough of Manhattan Community College’s library undertook a massive cleanup and reconfiguration of the content and guides contained in their LibGuides v2 system, which had been allowed to grow out of control over several years as no one was in charge of its maintenance. This article follows the process from identifying issues, getting departmental buy-in, and doing all of the necessary cleanup work for links and guides. The aim of the project was to make their guides easier for students to use and understand and for librarians to maintain. At the same time, work was done to improve the look and feel of their guides and implement the built-in A-Z database list, both of which are also discussed.
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Fullwood, M. Dottington, Corey H. Basch, and Michael LeBlanc. "Implications for visually stimulating advertisements on NYC subway platforms." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 29, no. 5 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-0112.
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Abstract Despite the fact that the New York City (NYC) Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) no longer advertises tobacco products, there is no ban on ads for alcohol. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the frequency of alcohol-related advertising content on the platforms of two populated subway lines in NYC. Advertisements were evaluated on one subway line (the green line) that runs through Bronx and Manhattan in NYC. In the stations included in the study, the total number of advertisements were tallied and classified according to the type of advertisement. When an advertisement for alcohol was identified, it was determined whether the ad was for an alcoholic beverage, or it if was for a different product but exhibited an alcoholic beverage in some way. A total of 26 advertisements were identified which marketed an alcohol product. An additional 24 ads were noted for marketing another product or service whereby, alcohol was depicted as being consumed. There was a statistically significant difference in ads between the different lines t (20.04)=7.62, p<0.001, with an average of 1.5 ads on the uptown lines (heading toward and through the borough with the lowest median income) versus 0.06 ads on the downtown lines (heading toward and through the borough with the highest median income). Given the far reach that subway advertisements have, focus could shift to health promoting products, versus those that are deleterious.
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Wang, Yuxuan, Ruoxin Xiong, Hao Yu, Jie Bao, and Zhao Yang. "A semantic embedding methodology for motor vehicle crash records: A case study of traffic safety in Manhattan Borough of New York City." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, October 27, 2021, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2021.1994681.
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Marayati, Naoum Fares, Jacob Morey, Xiangnan Zhang, et al. "Abstract 74: Area Deprivation Index, Stroke Outcomes, And Structural Changes To Improve Access To Thrombectomy." Stroke 53, Suppl_1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.74.
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Introduction: In New York City (NYC), expanding the reach of thrombectomy-capable stroke centers (TSC) is key to combating socioeconomic disparities in stroke care. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated, neighborhood-level composite measure (scored 1-100) that includes income, education, employment, and housing quality, has informed healthcare delivery but has not been used to identify disadvantaged neighborhoods with poor access to stroke care. We sought to evaluate the impact of establishing Mount Sinai Queens Hospital (MSQ) as a TSC in 2017 on transfer times and to explore the association between ADI and stroke care access. Methods: Thrombectomy patient pick-up addresses were obtained through Emergency Medical Services runsheets from June 2016 to July 2021 and matched to census-tract level ADI scores from Neighborhood Atlas. Preliminary analyses compared both ADIs and time to stroke care access in both Queens and Manhattan. The primary outcome measure was the duration between ambulance arrival and groin puncture. Simple linear regression and T-tests were used to assess the association between ADI and time to groin puncture by borough. Results: Among 517 cases between 2016-2021, the average ADI of pick-up locations was 10.35 (range: 1 - 70.5). Across all centers, higher ADI (greater deprivation) was significantly associated with increased time to groin puncture (p = 0.024). Notably, Queens patients were picked up in census tracts with higher ADI (p=0.0289) but had a faster pick up to groin puncture time (p=0.006). Conclusions: Across urban census tracts, a higher ADI was associated with delays in access to thrombectomy. Thrombectomy centers in areas with higher ADI can play a role in reducing healthcare disparities for stroke patients.
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Cordoba, Evette, Gil Maduro, Mary Huynh, Jay K. Varma, and Neil M. Vora. "Deaths From Pneumonia—New York City, 1999–2015." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy020.
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Abstract Background “Pneumonia and influenza” are the third leading cause of death in New York City. Since 2012, pneumonia and influenza have been the only infectious diseases listed among the 10 leading causes of death in NYC. Most pneumonia and influenza deaths in NYC list pneumonia as the underlying cause of death, not influenza. We therefore analyzed death certificate data for pneumonia in NYC during 1999–2015. Methods We calculated annualized pneumonia death rates (overall and by sociodemographic subgroup) and examined the etiologic agent listed. Results There were 41 400 pneumonia deaths during the study period, corresponding to an annualized age-adjusted death rate of 29.7 per 100 000 population. Approximately 17.5% of pneumonia deaths specified an etiologic agent. Age-adjusted pneumonia death rate declined over the study period and across each borough. Males had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–1.5) times that of females. Non-Hispanic blacks had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.2 (95% CI, 1.2–1.2) times that of non-Hispanic whites. The annualized pneumonia death rate increased with age group above 5–24 years and neighborhood-level poverty. Staten Island had an annualized age-adjusted pneumonia death rate 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2–1.3) times that of Manhattan. In the multivariable analysis, pneumonia deaths were more likely to occur among males, non-Hispanic blacks, persons aged ≥65 years, residents of neighborhoods with higher poverty levels, and in Staten Island. Conclusions While the accuracy of death certificates is unknown, investigation is needed to understand why certain populations are disproportionately recorded as dying from pneumonia in NYC.
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Pitt, Ivan L. "The system-wide effects of dispatch, response and operational performance on emergency medical services during Covid-19." Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 9, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01405-z.
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AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the Fire Department of New York City’s pre-hospital emergency medical services dispatch data for the period of March 20, 2019–June 13, 2019, and the corresponding Covid lockdown period of March 20, 2020–June 13, 2020. A fixed effects negative binomial model is used to estimate the heterogeneity effects of average ambulance travel or response times on the daily volume of emergency calls, year, day of the week, dispatcher-assigned medical emergency call type, priority rank, ambulance crew response, borough and an offset for missing calls. We also address the limitations of other non-parametric Covid studies or parametric studies that did not properly account for over-dispersion. When our model is estimated and corrected for clustered standard errors, fixed effects, and over-dispersion, we found that Wednesday was the only day of the week that was most likely to increase travel response time with an odd ratio of 6.91%. All grouped call types that were categorized showed significant declines in average travel time, except for call types designated as allergy and an odds ratio of 21.81%. When compared to Manhattan, Staten Island ambulance response times increased with an odds ratio of 19.05% while the Bronx showed a significant decline with an odds ratio of 31.92% advanced life support (ALS) and BLS ambulances showed the biggest declines in travel time with the exception of BLS assigned ambulance types and emergency priority rank of 6. Surprisingly, in terms of capacity utilization, the dispatch system was not as overwhelmed as previously predicted as emergency call volume declined by 8.83% year over year.
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Kondor, Dániel, Iva Bojic, Giovanni Resta, Fábio Duarte, Paolo Santi, and Carlo Ratti. "The cost of non-coordination in urban on-demand mobility." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08427-2.
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AbstractOver the last 10 years, ride-hailing companies (such as Uber and Grab) have proliferated in cities around the world. While generally beneficial from an economic viewpoint, having a plurality of operators that serve a given demand for point-to-point trips might induce traffic inefficiencies due to the lack of coordination between operators when serving trips. In fact, the efficiency of vehicle fleet management depends, among other things, density of the demand in the city, and in this sense having multiple operators in the market can be seen as a disadvantage. There is thus a tension between having a plurality of operators in the market, and the overall traffic efficiency. To this date, there is no systematic analysis of this trade-off, which is fundamental to design the best future urban mobility landscape. In this paper, we present the first systematic, data-driven characterization of the cost of non-coordination in urban on-demand mobility markets by proposing a simple, yet realistic, model. This model uses trip density and average traffic speed in a city as its input, and provides an accurate estimate of the additional number of vehicles that should circulate due to the lack of coordination between operators—the cost of non-coordination. We plot such cost across different cities—Singapore, New York (limited to the borough of Manhattan in this work), San Francisco, Vienna and Curitiba—and show that due to non-coordination, each additional operator in the market can increase the total number of circulating vehicles by up to 67%. Our findings could support city policy makers to make data supported decisions when regulating urban on-demand mobility markets in their cities. At the same time, our results outline the need of a more proactive government participation and the need for new, innovative solutions that would enable a better coordination of on-demand mobility operators.