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Academic literature on the topic 'Borrows words'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Borrows words"

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Bibi, Aasima. "The Morphological Adaptation Process and Borrowing in Urdu Language." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 1 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.657269003.

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In Language is always subjected to changes and this dynamic process goes on. This process makes the languages more sophisticated and up to date. Language changes occur through many processes, word formation processes are the key processes among them. Borrowing and word's adaptation is the most common process through which languages evolve mostly in this global era as languages' contact takes place widely. Borrowing is the process in which one language borrows words from another language and adapts those words in its vocabulary. The Urdu language is the national language of Pakistan, as it has

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Abdullah, Mahabad Kamil, and Peshkawt Majeed Mohamed. "Borrowing Patterns in Kurdish Language." Halabja University Journal 7, no. 3 (2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10418.

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The study which is entitled (Borrowing Patterns in Kurdish Language) concentrates on the procedures which Kurdish language followed in borrowing from other languages. Due to the development and change in people's way of thinking, new concepts and constituents have been appearing. For their differentiation and identification, the borrowed concepts ought to be named. For the globalization reasons, they spread around the world very rapidly. To go in line with community change, language also takes various methods to name and identify the new constituents and new ideas. On the one hand, it depends

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Mahmoud-Mukadam, Abdur-Rasheed, and Abdulwahid Aliy Adebisi. "Language Borrowing between Arabic and Yoruba Language." Izdihar : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature 2, no. 1 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jiz.v2i1.7386.

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Arabic Language is characterized by a great deal of influence that has made a profound impact on the rest of the world's languages, whether socially, culturally, religiously or economically. This language is specific to the Holy Quran, which has a higher constitution that Muslim takes from the laws of religion. Islam does not solve a place except it takes with language of its Arabic provisions. This article sheds light on some of the words borrowed by Yorba from Arabic in its various forms, of which there is no change in the image of pronunciation and what has undergone some change and distort

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Pawitra. "English Borrowing Words in Jagatplay News Articles." Langua: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Education 6, no. 2 (2023): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8035442.

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Language borrows words from another language when cultural contact occurs. It can’t be denied that borrowing words can be found commonly anywhere, not to mention on the internet. This paper is entitled “English Borrowing Words in JagatPlay News Articles", and aimed to analyze the borrowed words used in the website with a focus on the meaning change. The data of this study is taken randomly from JagatPlay news articles, which are considered to be relevant to the study.  The data was then analyzed using the theory proposed by Bloomfield (1935), Hockett (1958), and mainly Ba

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Kudirka, Robertas. "Hybrid Verbs of English Origin with the Suffix -inti Lithuanian Jargon: Morphology and Adaptive Features." Lietuvių kalba, no. 16 (December 30, 2021): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2021.2.

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The article analyses 198 hybrid verbs of English origin with the suffix -inti and 187 prefix derivatives from the Lithuanian slang and non-standard dictionary. The study reveals that borrows with affixal adaptation are always adapted to the linguistic system, because there weren’t any borrowed verbs without Lithuanian affix detected: phonetically adapted borrowed verbs from English are rare and used as adverbs. A small part of the verbs has no basic words, they are morphologically adapted with the suffix -inti. Word borrowing can be semantically based on the new meanings, but a number of verbs

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Ahmad, Aliyu Okuta. "Language Borrowing and Semantic Change: A Study of Arabic Loanwords in Baatonum." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 3, no. 02 (2024): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i02.018.

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Semantic change in language borrowing is a general phenomenon among living languages. When a language borrows lexical items from the other, some modifications occur, thus, affecting the meanings of some of the borrowed items. Scholars at different times have examined semantic change in loanwords across different languages. This current study investigates semantic change in Arabic loanwords within the Baatonum language. Through a comprehensive linguistic analysis, the study explores how Arabic loanwords have been incorporated into Baatonum, focusing on shifts in meaning and usage. The study ide

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Robotova, A. S. "About Pedagogy, Its Words, Concepts and Texts." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 7 (2018): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-7-9-19.

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The article addresses the problem situation in pedagogy related to the development of linguistic and discursive processes. The author develops her previously expressed ideas about the pedagogue’s linguistic literacy and his(her) responsible attitude to the basic concepts of pedagogy. This paper is an attempt to assess these phenomena and their consequences, to present the author’s subjective view on the problem of using words and concepts, constructing of texts in pedagogy. Theoretical reflections are combined with empirical observations of the author. The importance of aesthetic criteria of t

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Aor, Terfa. "Phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology." Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/jllls.v1i1.49.

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All living languages borrows new words to enrich their own languages. Tiv language has borrowed a lot of loan words from the English language as a result of language contact. This paper analyses phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology. The main objectives of this study are to discuss vowel and consonant substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology and to state the implications of English-Tiv loan phonology in the study of the Tiv grammar. This study adopts LaCharite & Paradis’ (2005) phonological Repair Model and Calabrese Andrea’s (2009) Acoustic Approximation Model. T

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Koscielecki, Marek. "Japanized English, its context and socio-historical background." English Today 22, no. 4 (2006): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406004056.

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Japan not only borrows words from English; it often changes them radically. The present study reviews both the historical background to contact between English and Japanese and the periods in which English loans entered the Japanese language. Such loans are particularly significant sociolinguistically because they shed light on the exposure of the Japanese to English since they opened up to the world. Discussing the inflow of such borrowings both provides a background to the many English-derived words currently in daily use in Japanese and makes a broader point about the adoption of loanwords

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Dewi, Ni Komang Shintia Pradnyana, I. Komang Sulatra, and I. G. B. Wahyu Nugraha Putra. "Study of english borrowing word in indonesian as found in habibie & ainun movie." Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/traverse.v3i1.51.

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This research concerns with borrowing words in Indonesian as found in the movie. This research aims at (1) to identify the types of borrowing word; and (2) to identify the adaptations of borrowing words used in Habibie & Ainun movie. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative for analyzing the data. This study used the theory of Haugen in (Grosjean 1982) that was the type and the adaptation of borrowing words. The results showed that there were 2 types of borrowing words found in the data source namely loanword and loan shift. For the adaptation process, there are 2 kinds

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Borrows words"

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Allen, Rod L. "The Solomonic authorship of Ecclesiastes based upon culturally borrowed words." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Regier, Janet. "The organ works of Edith Borroff : an introduction /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1993.

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Lee, Josephine, and 李小晶. "A study of loanwords recently re-borrowed from Japanese in Hong Kong Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36926954.

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Edwards, Jane Marian. "'Bettered by the borrower' : the use of historical extracts from twelfth-century historical works in three later twelfth- and thirteenth-century historical texts." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7247.

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This thesis takes as its starting point the use of extracts from the works of historical authors who wrote in England in the early to mid twelfth-century. It focuses upon the ways in which their works began to be incorporated into three particular texts in the later twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. Through the medium of individual case studies – De Abbatibus (Abingdon), CCCC 139 (Durham) and The London Collection three elements are explored (i) how mediaeval writers used extracts from the works of others in ways which differed from modern practices with their concerns over charges of pl

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Shyu, Wenn-Tzong, and 徐汶宗. "The Investigation of the Japanese Borrowed Words in Taiwan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5z8fbu.

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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>應用日語學系碩士班<br>94<br>Due to the continuous communication between Taiwan and Japan, the loan words from Japanese can be seen a lot in Taiwan, especially the number of the borrowed words is the largest one. In the condition of using Kanji, how do those borrowed words influence Chinese characters? Moreover, how are those borrowed words used nowadays in Taiwan? The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the condition of using the borrowed words. First of all, the researcher collects the borrowed words from Chinese magazines, and then the researcher does a questionnaire on the col

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Yao, Cheng-Lun, and 姚丞倫. "Japanese Vocabulary Borrowed from Modern Mandarin-Focusing on Mahjong Words-." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78711460380082078139.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>日本語文學研究所<br>100<br>Japanese Mahjong vocabulary originated from modern mandarin Chinese; therefore, this paper aims to investigate the cause of Sino-Japanese reading and the occurrence of new Sino-Japanese voicing. Said vocabulary contains incompliance and compliance with Chinese-character reading while the former refers to voicing in compliance with modern mandarin and the latter refers to voicing that transferred from incompliance to compliance with traditional Chinese. The causes of such incompliance might be concluded as follows: (a) the freshness of phonemes, (b) innovatio

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Chao, Chen. "Empréstimos do cantonês no patuá de Macau." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65818.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial<br>O crioulo de Macau tem por base a língua portuguesa falada no território, sendo também conhecido como patuá. De entre as línguas orientais, para além do malaio, o cantonês teve uma influência privilegiada neste crioulo. A presente dissertação visa estudar algumas das palavras tomadas de empréstimo ao cantonês na formação do patuá. Com base em documentos chineses e portugueses, conclui-se que existem empréstimos de várias espécies. Apontam-se também as causas históricas, cul

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CHANG, LI-JUNG, та 張麗容. "The Investigation of the Japanese Borrowed Words in Taiwan＝台湾における日本語借用語の一考察". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60076953921676079354.

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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>日本語文學系<br>105<br>近代以降、台湾、中国、日本といった漢字圏における語彙が相互に影響し合う現象が多く見受けられる。それが特に顕著なのが、日本語から中国語への借用である。これまで多くの研究から日本語が様々なルートを通じて中国に流入していたことがわかっている。一方、台湾の場合、戦前の植民地時期の五十年間は、日本語教育の実施により、沢山の借用語語彙が台湾語に借用され、戦後、特に解厳後は、サブカルチャーの受け入れによって沢山の日本の流行語が中国語に借用された。台湾、中国、日本を問わず、中国語に融け込んで行った日本語について関心を寄せている研究者が多い。多くの研究者が台湾の中国語における借用された日本語に対して、「新詞」、「新外来語」、「日系借用語」、「外來語」、「新日系外来語」、「日本外來新詞」、「借詞」、「日系借形語」、「借用語」などの様々な呼び方をしている。すなわち、借用された日本語の呼び方がまだ定着していないのである。本論文では、呼び方に統一性を持たせるため、「日本語借用語」と称している。本論文では、借用された日本語が台湾において、中国語と台湾語に受け入れられている実態に焦点を当て、借用された日本語が台湾の言語社会にどのように普及し定着しているかを究明するのが狙いである。本論文は次の五つの章から成っている。まず第一章では、台湾における借

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Кют, Дарина Максимівна. "Тюркізми в сучасній російській мові: лексоцентричний аспект". Магістерська робота, 2022. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/6589.

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Кют Д. М. Тюркізми в сучасній російській мові: лексоцентричний аспект : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 035 «Філологія» / наук. керівник Т. О. Хейлік. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2022. 100 с.<br>RU : Основной текст квалификационной работы магистра «Тюркизмы в современном русском языке: лексоцентрический аспект» содержит 84 страниц. Для выполнения работы изучено 75 источников. Объект исследования ‒ тюркизмы как лингвокультурный компонент заимствованной лексики современного русского языка. Предмет исследования – ассимиляция заимствованной лексики, фонетические, морфологические и лексико-семант

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Wojtyńska-Nowotka, Milena. "Słownictwo "Rozpraw literackich" Maurycego Mochnackiego." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2607.

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Books on the topic "Borrows words"

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Maslov, Daniil. Borrowed words in Russian. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/1893882.

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The dictionary contains about 3,000 words of foreign language origin. The main focus is on words that have appeared in recent years and are not always recorded in previously published dictionaries. In addition, the dictionary includes Internet computer vocabulary. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education. For schoolchildren, students, as well as for everyone who wants to correctly understand the meanings of borrowed words and use them correctly in speech.

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Laurence, Urdang, and Abate Frank R, eds. Dictionary of borrowed words: A Wynwood lexicon. Wynwood Press, 1991.

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Colman, Cathy A. Borrowed dress. University of Wisconsin Press, 2001.

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Martí-López, Elisa. Borrowed words: Translation, imitation, and the making of the nineteenth-century novel in Spain. Bucknell University Press, 2002.

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Goodman, Naomi. On borrowed time: Poems of two centuries. Fithian Press, 2005.

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Goodwin, Albert. Albert Goodwin R.W.S. (1845-1932): 120 of the best works borrowed from private collections. Bankside Gallery, 1986.

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Vidal, Ramon Borràs. Ramon Borràs, fotògraf: Lleida, de la Postguerra als anys seixanta. Universitat de Lleida, 2013.

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Skinner, Neil. Hausa lexical expansion since 1930: Material supplementary to that contained in Bargery's dictionary, including words borrowed from English, Arabic, French, and Yoruba. University of Wisconsin, African Studies Program, 1985.

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Kayachev, Boris. Hunt as War and War as Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789017.003.0005.

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This chapter argues for a deeper intellectual engagement between Grattius and Virgil’s Aeneid than has been posited by some previous scholars, who argue that Grattius borrows words and phrases from Virgil in a somewhat sporadic and magpie-like fashion. The discussion focuses upon key hunting passages and hunter figures in the epic: the figure of Camilla, Aeneas as hunter, the Trojans’ stay on the Strophades, and Allecto’s incitement of the war in Latium. The investigation remains open-minded on the relative chronology of these two works, and entertains fruitful readings irrespective of the ‘di

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Jò. Borrow My Words. Blurb, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Borrows words"

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Saul, Zandisile W., and Rudolph Botha. "Towards the Standardisation of the Spelling of isiXhosa Borrowed Words." In Phonemes, Graphemes and Democracy. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003476627-4.

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Joby, Christopher. "The circulation of Dutch lexical phenomena in East Asia." In IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.55.02job.

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Abstract Between 1639 and 1853, the Dutch were the only Europeans permitted to trade with Japan. Japanese translated many Dutch books and thereby introduced Dutch words into Japanese in various forms known collectively as lexical contact phenomena. I begin by analysing words incorporated into Japanese and then analyse how contact between Japan and other societies in East Asia after the Meiji Restoration resulted in the re-loaning of Dutch lexical contact phenomena to other languages. These include Korean and Sinitic varieties. I also examine whether any of the loanwords coming from Dutch were

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Schafenacker, Christopher. "Returning Borrowed Words: Translation and Ilan Stavans’s Contribution to the English Language." In Stavans Unbound, edited by Bridget Kevane. Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781644690079-014.

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Kowalska-Szubert, Agata, and Kateřina Křížová. "Comparison of Dutch loanwords in Polish and Czech." In IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.55.04kow.

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Abstract It is well known that Dutch loanwords can be found in various languages. The aim of this contribution is to give a brief characterization of Dutch loanwords in Polish and Czech and to compare their usage in these two West Slavic languages. According to the Dutch database Uitleenwoordenbank (Van der Sijs 2015), there are more than 380 Dutch loanwords in Polish and more than one hundred Dutch loanwords in Czech. Why do we find more of these words in Polish than in Czech? How did these words get from Dutch into these two languages? What sort of words are these actually and how have they

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Rübekeil, Ludwig. "Latin brutes, sapo, burdo." In NOWELE Supplement Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/nss.34.17rub.

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Abstract The Germanic languages have adopted many words borrowed from Latin during the time of the Roman Empire (e.g. ModE wine, NHG Mauer < Latin vīnum, mūrus ‘wall’). The medieval Germanic languages, on the other hand, left their traces in Romance during the time Germanic peoples settled on former Roman territory (e.g. Fr. guerre, salle < Franc. *werra ‘quarrel’, *sali- ‘hall, house’). Yet, there is a third and older group of words which are quoted in Latin literature and inscriptions long before the Roman Empire came to an end and individual Romance languages emerged. Well known examp

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"Introduction." In Remixing Wong Kar-wai. Duke University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478060161-001.

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Drawing on two key sequences from Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and Wong Kar-wai’s 2046 (2004), respectively, the introduction redefines the use of preexisting music in film as an expanded form of music composition. Like assemblage, collage, remix, and other appropriative practices, compiling a film soundtrack out of borrowed music is a poetic, empirical practice. For it isn’t until it is spliced to the image that the borrowed music is born qua film music. To capture in words Wong’s reinvention of existing repertories, Claude Lévi-Strauss’s concept of bricolage is revived—and

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Schafenacker, Christopher. "Returning Borrowed Words:." In Stavans Unbound. Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1zjg9sb.16.

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Durkin, Philip. "Introducing concepts." In Borrowed Words. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574995.003.0001.

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Durkin, Philip. "Introducing the data." In Borrowed Words. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574995.003.0002.

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Durkin, Philip. "Historical and cultural background to c.1150." In Borrowed Words. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574995.003.0003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Borrows words"

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Behrooznia, Soheila, Ebrahim Ansari, and Zdenek Zabokrtsky. "Enhancing Turkish Word Segmentation: A Focus on Borrowed Words and Invalid Morpheme." In Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Technologies for Machine Translation of Low-Resource Languages (LoResMT 2024). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.loresmt-1.9.

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Al-buainain, Haifa, and Haifa Al-buainain. "Borrowed Words In Qatari Dialect: A Case Study." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.sspp0022.

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Mehmetali, Doç Dr Bekir. "THE USE OF ARABIC WORDS IN CONTEMPORARY TURKISH POETRY.THE POEM (WORDS OF KILIS) BY THE POET MUSTAFA ALPAYDIN IS AN EXAMPLE." In I. International Dubai Social Sciences and Humanities Congress. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/dubaicongress1-1.

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The languages with which God has honored His servants, believers and non-believers, are all one of His signs and one of His effects. It is natural for human languages to borrow words from each other due to several factors, including religion, juxtaposition, mixing, and so on. The Turkish language borrowed many words from the Arabic language, and the Islamic religion was the main factor in this borrowing. Through this research, I wanted to show a small amount of contemporary Turkish poetry’s borrowing of Arabic words that the poet used in his poetic experience. The choice fell on the poet Musta

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Романчук, Алексей. "Romanian harnic ‘industrious, hardworking’ and Ukrainian [гарник] ‘cart worker’ as a key to the etymology of Ukrainian гарний ‘beautiful, good’". У Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.27.

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Th e author suggests a new etymology of Ukrainian гарний ‚beautiful, good‘ and Romanian harnic ‘industrious, hardworking’. He thinks that a Slavic (of the Proto-Slavic time) verb with the meaning ‘to work hard’ was the source of both mentioned lexeme. Th e origin of this Slavic verb can be explained through the analysis of two other Ukrainian dialectal words, that are semantically close to each other, but diff ering in phonetics and, as some researchers believe, by origin. Th e mentioned words are [гара] и [ґара], with the meaning ‘a cart with a box for transporting earth or sand; a sledge for

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Kozlovska, Larysa, Svitlana Tereshchenko, Lesya Malevych, Maiia Dziuba, Nataliia Krasnopolska, and Olena Tkachenko. "The Terminological Tolerance Concept for Economic Media Discourse: The Ukrainian Words vs Borrowed Words." In III International Scientific Congress Society of Ambient Intelligence 2020 (ISC-SAI 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200318.016.

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Olkhovskaya, Aleksandra I. "New borrowed words in the light of synonymy: lexicographic aspect." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-53.

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The paper suggests the current borrowed vocabulary dictionary of synonymous type. There described the concept of dictionary, the procedure for glossary forming, some user’s requests and dictionary microstructure.

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Phuong, Vo Tu. "Comparing French Borrowed Words in English and Those in Vietnamese." In 18th International Conference of the Asia Association of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (AsiaCALL–2-2021). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211224.031.

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Stepanova, O. I. "BORROWED WORDS IN THE NOSOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." In ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERARY STUDIES. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-02-3-2021-67.

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Cristea, Alina Maria, Liviu P. Dinu, Simona Georgescu, Mihnea-Lucian Mihai, and Ana Sabina Uban. "Automatic Discrimination between Inherited and Borrowed Latin Words in Romance Languages." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-emnlp.243.

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EPIMAKHOVA, A. YU. "TO THE ISSUE OF REPLACING FOREIGN WORDS IN OFFICIAL BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE." In FORTUNES OF NATIONAL CULTURES IN GLOBALIZATION CONTEXT: BETWEEN TRADITION AND THE NEW REALITY. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47475/9785727120088_64.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of possible ways of replacing foreign words with native equivalents in official business correspondence in the Russian language. Currently, in the English language there is a large amount of borrowed vocabulary, which definitely enriches the word stock of the Russian language, but at the same time clogs it. In order to protect and support the Russian language, as the state language of the Russian Federation, measures must be taken aimed at protection, in particular, tightening the requirements for preserving the literary language in an inviolable form, f

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Reports on the topic "Borrows words"

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Raitzer, David. User Guide for Procurement of Plant and Works (Design–Build): Standard Bidding Document. Asian Development Bank, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22617/tim240567-2.

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This document guides borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for a single- responsibility lumpsum type of contract and how to evaluate bids and award contracts using merit point criteria. This publication provides guidance for borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for a single-responsibility lumpsum type of Plant and Works (Design-Build) contract using FIDIC Yellow Book (2017) general terms and conditions. Borrower can use this document for procurement of Electrical and Mechanical Plant, and for Building and Engineering Works, designed by the Contractor.

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Raitzer, David. User Guide for Procurement Works: Standard Bidding Document. Asian Development Bank, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22617/tim240561-2.

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This document guides borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for a unit price type of work contracts and evaluate bids and award contracts using merit point criteria. This publication provides guidance for borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for an admeasurement (unit price) type of works contract using FIDIC Red Book (2017) general terms and conditions. It also covers how to evaluate bids and award contracts, based on the Asian Development Bank’s Standard Bidding Document for the Procurement of Works for cases “with” and “without” prequalification. The evaluation approach in

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Lebedenko, Nataliia. Комунікативні дієслова в текстах новинних повідомлень (за матеріалами інформаційного агентства «Укрінформ»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11743.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of communicative verbs. Scientists analyzed communicative verbs in artistic texts, in biblical texts, and fairy tales. But there are no scientific works on verbs of speech in the language of the media. The Ukrainian language has all the means by which you can create a concrete and imaginative informational text. It is the verbs that make the text come alive. These are action words that improve the orality of the text. The research is based on the materials of the Ukrinform information agency. Speech verbs from 10 news reports for December 3, 2022 were ana

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Felix Filho, Jose, Robert Montgomery, Ernesto Monter Flores, et al. Environmental and Social Value Added in IDB Private Sector Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009011.

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The IDB works hand in hand with borrowers, project sponsors, and stakeholders to ensure that private sector projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable. By working proactively with private-sector project companies, the IDB not only helps to protect environmental and social resources but it adds value that significantly benefits borrowers, sponsors, investors, and local communities. This document describes the substantial environmental and social value added that is provided by PRI participation.

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Pforr, Tobias, Fabian Pape, and Steffen Murau. After the Allocation: What Role for the Special Drawing Rights System? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp180.

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In August 2021, the IMF made a new SDR allocation to help ease pandemic-induced financial strains in the Global South. This paper assesses the potential of the SDR system to address debtrelated problems in global finance. We analyze the SDR system as a web of interlocking balance sheets whose members can use SDR holdings—the system’s tradable assets—for conversion into usable currency as a perpetual low-interest loan or to make payments to each other. Using original IMF data, we study how the system has been practically used since 1990. Though widely perceived as a solution in search of a prob

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Redwood, John. Environmental and Social Management in Multisectoral Urban Development Projects: A Good Practice Study of the IDB-Supported Procidades Program in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006981.

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Over the past several decades, the Inter-American Development Bank (hereafter "the Bank") has gained considerable experience with regard to the promotion of urban development in Brazil through multi-sectoral and global multiple works projects at the municipal level. This has also entailed a valuable learning process with respect to the challenges in environmental and social planning and management associated with urban development in the country. As a result, much of what the Bank is currently doing in connection with its extensive urban development portfolio in Brazil can be characterized as

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Procurement Regulations for ADB Borrowers: Goods, Works, Nonconsulting and Consulting Services. Asian Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim189326-2.

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User Guide for Procurement of Works: Standard Bidding Document (FIDIC Red Book (2017)). Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim220342-2.

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This publication provides guidance for borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for an admeasurement (unit price) type of works contract using FIDIC Red Book (2017) general terms and conditions. It also covers how to evaluate bids and award contracts, based on the Asian Development Bank’s Standard Bidding Document for the Procurement of Works for cases “with” and “without” prequalification. The SBDs make use of the Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer (“Red book”) Second edition 2017, published by the Fédération International

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Procurement Regulations for ADB Borrowers: Goods, Works, Nonconsulting and Consulting Services in Lao. Asian Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim190420-3.

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User Guide for Procurement of Works—Small Contracts: Standard Bidding Document. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim210537-2.

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This User’s Guide is intended to provide guidance to borrowers on how to prepare a bidding document for unit price or lump sum types of small works contracts that incorporate postqualification, and how to evaluate bids and award contracts based on the Asian Development Bank’s Standard Bidding Document for the Procurement of Works, Small Contracts.

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