Journal articles: 'Bos taurus'

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Wang, Zezhao, Haoran Ma, Lei Xu, Bo Zhu, Ying Liu, Farhad Bordbar, Yan Chen, et al. "Genome-Wide Scan Identifies Selection Signatures in Chinese Wagyu Cattle Using a High-Density SNP Array." Animals 9, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060296.

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Selective breeding can lead to genetic diversity and diverse phenotypes in farm animals. Analysis of the genomic regions under selection can provide important insights into the genetic basis of complex traits. In this study, a high-density SNP array was used for analysis of genome selection signatures in Chinese Wagyu cattle. In total, we obtained 478,903 SNPs and 24,820 no-overlap regions for |iHS| (integrated haplotype score) estimations. Under the threshold of the top 1%, 239 regions were finally identified as candidate selected regions and 162 candidate genes were found based on the UMD3.1 genome assembly. These genes were reported to be associated with fatty acids, such as Bos taurus nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP), Bos taurus hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 7 (HSD17B7), Bos taurus WD repeat domain 7 (WDR7), Bos taurus ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2), Bos taurus calpain 1 (CAPN1), Bos taurus parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN, also known as PARK2), Bos taurus mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6), meat quality, including Bos taurus ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12), Bos taurus 5′-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1), Bos taurus small integral membrane protein 13 (SMIM13) and Bos taurus potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2 (KCNK2), growth, and developmental traits, such as Bos taurus insulin like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), Bos taurus RAR related orphan receptor A (RORA), Bos taurus fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14), Bos taurus paired box 6 (PAX6) and Bos taurus LIM homeobox 6 (LHX6). In addition, we identified several genes that are associated with body size and weight, including Bos taurus sorting nexin 29 (SNX29), Bos taurus zinc finger imprinted 2 (ZIM2), Bos taurus family with sequence similarity 110 member A (FAM110A), immune system, including Bos taurus toll like receptor 9 (TLR9), Bos taurus TAFA chemokine like family member 1 (TAFA1), Bos taurus glutathione peroxidase 8 (putative) (GPX8), Bos taurus interleukin 5 (IL5), Bos taurus PR domain containing 9 (PRDM9), Bos taurus glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2 (GRIK2) and feed intake efficiency, Bos taurus sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9 (SCN9A), Bos taurus relaxin family peptide/INSL5 receptor 4 (RXFP4), Bos taurus RNA polymerase II associated protein 3 (RPAP3). Moreover, four GO terms of biological regulation (GO:0009987, GO:0008152) and metabolic process (GO:0003824, GO:0005488) were found based on these genes. In addition, we found that 232 candidate regions (~18 Mb) overlapped with the Quantitative trait loci (QTL)regions extracted from cattle QTLdb. Our findings imply that many genes were selected for important traits in Chinese Wagyu cattle. Moreover, these results can contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis of the studied traits during the formation of this population.

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Silva, K. C. F., G. M. G. Santos, L. S. Siloto, M. F. Hertel, E. R. Andrade, M. I. B. Rubin, L. Sturion, F. A. M. Sterza, and M. M. Seneda. "223 PREANTRAL FOLLICLES POPULATION IN BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS TAURUS FEMALES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab223.

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Bos taurus indicus females provide a greater in vivo oocyte recovery (2-4 times more) in comparision with Bos taurus taurus. This aspect has strongly contributed for the success of the embryo industry in Brazil. Little information is available to explain this difference. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that the difference in oocyte yield is a result of higher numbers of preantral follicles in the ovaries of B. indicus females. Ovaries (n = 44) of fetuses aging from 180 to 240 days and of heifers from 20 and 24 months were collected from Bos taurus indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus taurus (Aberdeen Angus) females at a slaughterhouse. Fetal age was estimated from the crown-rump length (Evans HE and Sack WO 1973 Anat. Hist. Embryol. 2, 11-45). Ovaries from Nelore fetuses (n = 10) and heifers (n = 12) and Aberdeen Angus fetuses (n = 10) and heifers (n = 12) were cut longitudinally into two halves, fixed in Bouin’s solution, and processed for histological evaluation. The ovarian halves were dehydrated in alcohol, cleared with xylene, embbebed in paraffin, and serially sectioned at 7 μm. Every 120th section was mounted and stained with periodic acid Schiff and hematoxylin. The number of preantral follicles was estimated through the counting of follicles in each section using the nucleus of the oocyte as a marker and a correction factor (Gougeon A and Chainy GBN 1987 J. Reprod. Fertil. 81, 433-442). Only 1 ovary per female was analyzed. Preantral follicles were classified according to the developmental stage as primordial (1 layer of flattened granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte), primary (1 layer of cuboidal granulosa cells), or secondary (2 or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells), and as normal or degenerated according to their morphological appearance. The number of preantral follicles was not normally distributed and was compared using the Mann-Whitney test. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between the average number of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos indicus and Bos taurus females. The average number of preantral follicles per female was 143 929 ± 253 (mean ± SD) and 285 155 ± 570 for Bos taurus and Bos indicus fetuses, respectively, and 76 851 ± 280 and 109 673 ± 293 for Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers (P > 0.05), respectively. A large variation in numbers of preantral follicles was observed among individuals within the same category and between breeds. Our results suggest that there might be differences in mechanisms controlling follicle development after the preantral stage accounting for the greater oocyte yield from Bos indicus females. This work was supported by grants from the Universidad Nacional del Litoral (CAI+D program), Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, the Argentine National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT), and the Argentine National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET).

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Green, R. D., L. V. Cundiff, G. E. Dickerson, and T. G. Jenkins. "Output/input differences among nonpregnant, lactating Bos indicus-Bos taurus and Bos taurus-Bos taurus F1 cross cows." Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 8 (1991): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1991.6983156x.

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Glazko, V., O. Boronetskaya, T. Erkenov, B. Kakhovich, and T. Glazko. "GENETIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOS TAURUS AND BOS INDICUS." Genetika i razvedenie zhivotnyh, no. 3 (2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2019-3-48-57.

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Yashina, I. N., A. V. Ivanov, and S. A. Troshina. "Latent Morphofunctional Asymmetry of the Femur of Bos Taurus Taurus." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 7, no. 1 (2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-87-90.

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Bernal, B., J. Revol, J. M. Oviedo, A. Tribulo, H. Tribulo, G. Moreria, and G. A. Bó. "246 INFLUENCE OF BREED AND SEASON ON IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab246.

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A retrospective analysis of in vitro production (IVP) data was done to determine the influence of breed and season on the production of viable oocytes and embryos. Cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COC) were obtained from 1946 ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (ovum pickup) sessions performed at random stages of the oestrous cycle without superstimulation in Bos taurus and Bos indicus donors in commercial IVP in Argentina. Frozen-thawed conventional semen was used in beef cattle and conventional (n = 139) and sexed-selected (n = 481) semen in dairy cattle. The COC were classified, matured in B-199 medium, fertilized in IVF-SOF medium (Day 0), and cultured in SOF medium supplemented with 0.4% BSA under oil at 38.8°C, 5.5% CO2, and saturated humidity for 7 days. The number of viable COC and transferable embryos in each breed and season were compared by ANOVA and means were compared by Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test. Proportions were first transformed by arcsin and then analysed by ANOVA. To simplify the interpretation of the results, breeds were grouped as follows: dairy Bos taurus (Holstein, n = 620), beef Bos taurus (Angus and Bonsmara, n = 229), Bos taurus × Bos indicus (Brangus and Braford, n = 1045), and Bos indicus (Brahman, n = 52). There was no interaction between breed and season for any of the end points analysed (P > 0.1). Mean (± standard error of the mean) numbers of viable COC and transferable embryos were higher (P < 0.01) in Bos indicus × Bos taurus (19.3 ± 0.4 and 5.3 ± 0.2, respectively) and Bos indicus (15.8 ± 1.4 and 6.8 ± 0.9, respectively) than in beef (11.6 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.2, respectively) and dairy (8.0 ± 0.2 and 1.6 ± 0.1, respectively) Bos taurus donors. Cleavage rates were higher (P < 0.01) in Bos indicus (72%) than in the other breeds (57% for Bos indicus × Bos taurus and dairy Bos taurus and 54% for beef). Transferable embryo rates were higher (P < 0.01) in Bos indicus (41%) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (30%) than in beef Bos taurus (26%). Dairy Bos taurus had the lowest (P < 0.01) embryo rates of all breeds (21%). In dairy Bos taurus, cleavage rates, the number of embryos produced, and transferable embryo production rates were higher (P < 0.01) when conventional semen was used (62%, 2.8 ± 0.15, and 27%, respectively) compared to sexed-selected semen (55%, 1.3 ± 0.1, and 19%, respectively). With regards to season, the number of viable COC was highest (P < 0.01) in the spring (14.3 ± 0.5), lowest in the summer (11.3 ± 1.0), and intermediate in the fall (12.2 ± 1.2) and winter (13.7 ± 1.2), which did not differ. Although not affected significantly by season, the number of embryos produced was numerically lower in the summer (2.8 ± 0.4) than in the spring (4.2 ± 0.2), winter (4.5 ± 0.5), or fall (4.6 ± 0.5). In conclusion, in vitro embryo production was directly influenced by breed and season. Bos indicus influenced cattle and the spring season were preferable for commercial IVP programs that did not include superstimulation.

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Moschini, Graziela Alves de Lima, Douglas Gaitkoski, Ana Beatriz Marques de Almeida, Myrian Megumy Tsunokawa Hidalgo, Maria Isabel Mello Martins, Wanessa Blaschi, and Thales Ricardo Rigo Barreiros. "Comparison between in vitro embryo production in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): e38810716712. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16712.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro embryo production in Bos taurus and Bos indicus donors, evaluating from oocyte recovery to final embryo production. Data were collected during the months of January and February and August to October 2017. Bos taurus cows: Holstein and Senepol and Bos indicus cows: Nelore and Dairy Gir, were used as oocyte donors. In total, 3622 sessions of OPU were performed, divided between: Holstein donors: 925; Senepol donors: 1055; Nelore donors: 1202 and Dairy Gir donors: 440. In total, 103.399 oocytes were recovered, being viable oocytes: 90.807; cleaved: 65.252 and produced embryos: 24216. There was no statistical difference between the genetic groups for the total oocytes recovered (Bos taurus: 25.5 vs. Bos indicus: 30.1; P> 0.05). However, a statistical difference was observed between the cleaved (Bos taurus: 16 vs. Bos indicus: 20.4; P <0.05) and produced embryos (Bos taurus: 4.4 vs. Bos indicus: 8.3; P <0,05). Thus, the conclusion is that Zebu donors perform better in IVEP and the donor breed influences the IVEP results.

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Rossato, Lizandra Vercezi, Maria Cristina Bressan, Érika Cristina Rodrigues, Maria Inês Alves de Carvalho Martins Carolino, Rui José Branquinho Bessa, and Susana Paula Pereira Alves. "Composição lipídica de carne bovina de grupos genéticos taurinos e zebuínos terminados em confinamento." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 9 (September 2009): 1841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000900029.

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O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a composição em lipídeos totais, colesterol e ácidos graxos do músculo longissimus dorsi de bovinos Bos taurus (n=40) e Bos indicus (n=40) com 30 a 36 meses de idade e peso de carcaça entre 240 e 270 kg terminados em confinamento por 90 dias. Os resultados de lipídeos totais foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. O nível de colesterol foi mais elevado em Bos indicus (66,95 mg/100 g) que em Bos taurus (37,37 mg/100 g). Os valores médios dos ácidos graxos saturados de C14:0 e C18:0 foram mais elevados nos Bos indicus (3,52 e 22,45%) em comparação aos Bos taurus (3,08 e 18,67%). O C16:0 nos Bos taurus (26,14%) foi maior que nos Bos indicus (24,77%). Na análise do perfil de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), os Bos taurus apresentaram os percentuais mais elevados de C14:1 cis9, C16:1 cis9, C18:1 cis9, ΣAGM e os menores de C18:1 trans. Os animais Bos taurus apresentaram maiores percentuais de C18:3 n-3, C20:4 n-6 e C22:5 n-3 (ácidos graxos poliinsaturados). Os ácidos graxos C18:2 n-6, CLA, C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, ΣAGP e Σn-6 foram semelhantes entre grupos de bovinos. A razão n-6/n-3 foi menor em Bos taurus (4,63) em comparação aos Bos indicus (5,70). Em geral, o grupo genético influencia o perfil de colesterol e ácidos graxos de bovinos e esse efeito é mais pronunciado nos ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados.

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Barrera, Gloria Patricia, Rodrigo Alfredo Martínez, and Manuel Fernando Ariza. "Identificación de ADN mitocondrial Bos taurus en poblaciones de ganado Cebú Brahman colombiano." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 7, no. 2 (January 4, 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol7_num2_art:66.

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El continente americano fue colonizado en el siglo XVI por los europeos quienes introdujeron por primera vez el ganado bovino de origen Bos taurus. La introducción de ganado Bos indicus ocurrió muchos años después, con las primeras importaciones desde la India, las cuales incluyeron principalmente machos. Con el fin de estudiar la participación de hembras Bos taurus en el origen del ganado Cebú colombiano, se secuenció un fragmento del ADN mitocondrial de 374 pb (D-Loop) en seis animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano y 20 individuos representativos de las cinco razas criollas colombianas: seis de Blanco Orejinegro (BON), cinco de Costeño con Cuernos (CCC), tres de Romosinuano (ROMO), cuatro de Casanareño (CAS) y dos de San Martinero (SM). Adicionalmente, para el mismo fragmento se secuenciaron dos individuos de la raza española Pirenaica, como referente Bos taurus. La comparación de las secuencias reveló que los animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano analizados presentaron ADN mitocondrial de origen taurino con mayor cercanía respecto de las razas criollas de origen Bos taurus europeo que con relación a las secuencias consenso Bos indicus, frente a las que se hallaron mayores divergencias. Adicionalmente, las divergencias de las razas criollas colombianas con respecto al consenso Bos taurus europeo variaron entre 0,005 y 0,014, resultado que sugiere la participación de matrilineajes Bos taurus en el origen del Cebú Brahman colombiano. Identification of mitochondrial DNA of Bos taurus origin in Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle The American continent was colonised in the XVI century by the Europeans who introduced the Bos taurus cattle. The introduction of Bos indicus cattle was done a few years later with cattle from India, mainly males. In order to study the participation of Bos Taurus females in the origin of the Colombian Zebu cattle, a 374 bp mitochondrial DNA fragment was sequenced (D-Loop) in six animals belonging to Colombian Zebu Brahman breed and 20 individuals representative of he five Colombian native breeds: 6 of Blanco Orejinegro (BON), five of Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC), three of Romosinuano (ROMO), four of Casanareño (CAS) and two of San Martinero (SM). As a reference to Bos taurus, two individuals of the Spanish Pirenaica breed were also sequenced for the same fragment. Comparison between sequences revealed that the Zebu Brahman cattle has mitochondrial DNA of Bos Taurus origin and closer to the native breeds of Spanish origin. Although described as Bos indicus, it showed the lowest genetic divergence when compared with the consensus sequence of European Bos taurus. The genetic divergences of the Colombian native breeds compared with the European Bos Taurus ranged between 0.005 and 0.014. This suggests the participation of Bos taurus matrilineages in the origin of the Colombian Zebu Brahman cattle.

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Silva, Antônio Rodrigues da, Antonio Sergio Ferraudo, Dilermando Perecin, and Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima. "Abordagem multivariada envolvendo características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen bovino, idade dos touros e época de colheita de sêmen." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, no. 7 (July 2009): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009000700010.

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Avaliaram-se as relações entre características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen de bovinos das subespécies Bos taurus taurus e Bos taurus indicus com a idade dos touros e a época de colheita do sêmen. Utilizaram-se observações feitas durante o período de 1993 a 1999, em 42 touros com 12 a 174 meses de idade, divididos em cinco classes: Bos taurus taurus - 12 a 36 meses; 37 a 60 meses; 61 a 84 meses; 85 a 108 meses; e 109 a 138 meses; e Bos taurus indicus - 12 a 42 meses; 43 a 72 meses; 73 a 102 meses; 103 a 132 meses; e 133 a 174 meses. As características analisadas foram: volume, turbilhonamento espermático, concentração espermática, motilidade espermática, vigor espermático, anormalidades espermáticas e integridade do acrossoma. No processamento das análises, utilizaram-se as médias das características em cada classe de idade e o mês de colheita de sêmen durante o período de 1993 a 1999. As técnicas estatísticas multivariadas de componentes principais e de agrupamento hierárquico mostraram resultados que podem contribuir na escolha de sêmen de melhor qualidade. As classes 103 a 132 meses e 133 a 174 meses para a subespécie Bos taurus indicus e a classe de idade 109 a 138 meses para a subespécie Bos taurus taurus foram as mais contrastantes. Para ambas as subespécies, nos meses mais úmidos, o sêmen apresentou menor qualidade, principalmente na subespécie Bos taurus taurus. As características do sêmen mais contrastantes no estudo por classes e no período de coleta de sêmen foram: vigor espermático, motilidade espermática, concentração espermática, integridade do acrossoma e anormalidades terciárias no sêmen.

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Tawonezvi, H. P. R., H. K. Ward, J. C. M. Trail, and D. Light. "Evaluation of beef breeds for rangeland weaner production in Zimbabwe 2. Productivity of crossbred cows and heterosis estimates." Animal Science 47, no. 3 (December 1988): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003494.

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ABSTRACTCrossbred cows were evaluated for reproductive performance and live weight, and for pre-weaning growth and viability of progeny sired by seven unrelated breeds. They were also evaluated on overall productivity expressed as weight of weaned calf per cow mated per year, per 100 kg of cow per year and per 100 kg metabolic weight of cow per year. The cows comprised reciprocals of Africander with Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex, one-way crosses sired by Sussex out of Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams, and by Charolais out of Africander, Mashona, Nkone, Brahman and Sussex dams. These represented sanga × sanga, sanga × zebu, Bos taurus × sanga, Bos taurus × zebu and Bos taurus × Bos taurus crossbred types. Bos taurus × zebu crosses were superior to other breed types for all the three productivity indices and for virtually all the individual components of these. There was little difference between the other four breed types in overall productivity of components of these. Differences between reciprocals were observed in sanga × sanga and sanga × zebu, cows with Africander dams being more productive than reciprocals with Mashona, Nkone and Brahman dams. The Bos taurus × Bos taurus cross was inferior in overall productivity primarily due to large cow weight and relatively low growth rate of progeny. Progeny sired by Friesian, Simmental and Brahman had higher weaning weights than those sired by Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Africander and Tuli. Overall, heterosis was positive for all traits and averaged 0·15 for the three measures of cow productivity. Heterosis was three times higher in the Bos taurus × Bos indicus cross than in the Bos indicus crosses.

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Bertan, Claudia Maria, Mario Binelli, and Ed Hoffmann Madureira. "Caracterização do estro de novilhas cruzadas (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) por radiotelemetria." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 43, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2006.26562.

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Embora a técnica de inseminação artificial (IA) apresente inúmeras vantagens, no Brasil é empregada em apenas 7% das fêmeas de corte. Falhas na detecção de estros constituem o principal fator limitante para a obtenção de êxito no emprego da técnica. Um sistema eletrônico, que se baseia na radiotelemetria, foi desenvolvido para a detecção de estros. Este sistema fornece o registro da data, horário e duração das montas ocorridas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, pelo sistema de radiotelemetria, as características comportamentais de estro em novilhas cruzadas de corte (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus), criadas em regime extensivo, na região sudoeste do Brasil. A hipótese testada foi que a duração dos estros e o número de montas são bastante variáveis entre as fêmeas e que a maioria das montas ocorre no período noturno. Para a sincronização dos estros as novilhas receberam 0,5mg de MGA/cabeça/dia, uma vez ao dia, durante 8 dias, e uma injeção de 15mg de luprostiol (PG) via IM no último dia da ingestão de MGA. Os estros foram registrados pelo sistema de radiotelemetria "Heat-Watch", durante um período de até 120 horas após a aplicação de PG. A duração média dos estros foi de 10,4 + 5,7 horas, duração que variou de 45 minutos a 22,7 horas. O número médio de montas foi de 26,2 + 13,6 e variou de 3 a 81 montas. A duração média das montas foi de 2,7 + 0,3 segundos. Dransfield et al.¹ classificaram os estros em curta (< 7 horas) e longa (>; 7 horas) duração e baixa (< 1,5 montas/hora) e alta (>; 1,5 montas/hora) intensidade. Houve uma maior incidência dos estros de longa duração quando comparados aos de curta duração (72,8% vs. 27,2%; P<0,05) e uma maior incidência dos estros de alta intensidade quando comparados aos de baixa intensidade (70,2% vs. 29,8%; P<0,05). A média geral de montas diurnas foi de 10,0 + 9,7 (das 7:00 às 19:00 horas) e de montas noturnas de 13,0 + 12,4 (das 19:00 às 7:00 horas), sendo que não foi observado efeito de período do dia no número de montas (P=0,08). No presente estudo confirmou-se a hipótese de que o comportamento de estro é extremamente variável entre as fêmeas, mas não a de que a maioria das montas ocorre no período noturno.

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Eberhardt, Bruno G., Rafael A. Satrapa, Cláudia R. L. Capinzaiki, Luzia A. Trinca, and Ciro M. Barros. "Influence of the breed of bull (Bos taurus indicus vs. Bos taurus taurus) and the breed of cow (Bos taurus indicus, Bos taurus taurus and crossbred) on the resistance of bovine embryos to heat." Animal Reproduction Science 114, no. 1-3 (August 2009): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.008.

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Liu, Yue, Xiang Qin, Xing-Zhi Song, Huaiyang Jiang, Yufeng Shen, K. James Durbin, Sigbjørn Lien, et al. "Bos taurus genome assembly." BMC Genomics 10, no. 1 (2009): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-10-180.

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Paschoal, D. M., M. J. Sudano, T. S. Rascado, L. C. O. Magalhães, L. F. Crocomo, J. F. Lima-Neto, M. D. Guastali, R. R. D. Maziero, A. Martins Jr., and F. C. Landim-Alvarenga. "38 VITRIFICATION OF BOS TAURUS INDICUS AND BOS TAURUS INDICUS×BOS TAURUS TAURUS EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF FETAL CALF SERUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab38.

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In vitro-produced Bos taurus indicus (zebu) and Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus (cross-bred) embryos behave differently when vitrified. The present experiment aimed to examine the effect of vitrification on embryos produced in the presence or absence of FCS. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were matured in TCM-199 and fertilized in human tubal fluid medium with frozen Nelore bull semen. On Day 1 (Day 0 = IVF), presumptive zygotes were cultured with SOFaa + BSA in the presence of FCS (Group 2.5%) or in the absence of FCS (Group 0%) until Day 7. The cleavage was analysed on Day 3 and the blastocyst rate on Day 7. Blastocysts were vitrified and, after warming (Campos-Chillòn et al. 2006) the viability was evaluated. Data were analysed with ANOVA, using the general linear model (GLM) of SAS (SAS Inst Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Sources of variation in the model included FCS concentration and first-order interactions; all factors were considered fixed effects. The arcsine transformation (√y/100) was applied to percentage data. If the ANOVA was significant, means were separated using the Tukey test. There was no difference in cleavage (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 87.2 ± 6.8; Group 2.5%: 87.4 ± 9.5; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 79.6 ± 11.9; Group 2.5%: 73.1 ± 13.7; P > 0.05). On the other hand, zebu embryos cultured in the presence of FCS reached blastocysts at a higher rate than cross-bred embryos in the absence of FCS (for zebu embryos: Group 0%: 33.3 ± 12.4ab; Group 2.5%: 46.8 ± 13.2a; for cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 21.8 ± 8.3b; Group 2.5%: 33.6 ± 10.1ab; P < 0.05). After vitrification and warming, no significant differences in re-expansion rate (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 82.7 ± 13.1; Group 2.5%: 75.0 ± 9.8; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 93.7 ± 8.8; Group 2.5%: 84.1 ± 11.3; P > 0.05) and cell number per embryo (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 65.1 ± 34.7; Group 2.5%: 42.6 ± 17.2; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 64.3 ± 44.2; Group 2.5%: 52.0 ± 31.5; P > 0.05) between species groups and within species were seen. However for zebu embryos, Group 0% showed a lower damaged cell rate than Group 2.5%. The same effect was not observed in the cross-bred embryos (zebu embryos: Group 0%: 20.3 ± 22.7c; Group 2.5%: 63.3 ± 27.0d; cross-bred embryos: Group 0%: 25.4 ± 24.3cd; Group 2.5%: 45.8 ± 34.6cd; P < 0.05). The addition of 2.5% FCS had a higher deleterious effect on zebu embryos than cross-bred (zebu × taurine) embryos after vitrification. These results also reinforce the species differences observed between zebu and cross-bred, as they behaved differently in relation to the addition of FCS in the culture medium and in relation to their cryopreservation sensitivity. Supported by FAPESP 10/50410-2.

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Curi, Rogério Abdallah, Lígia Souza Lima Silveira da Mota, and Antônio Carlos Silveira. "Mitochondrial DNA of Nellore and European x Nellore crossing cattle of high performance." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 8 (August 2007): 1203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000800019.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate, through a polymorphism in the ND5 gene of the bovine mitochondrial DNA, the frequency of Bos taurus indicus mtDNA individuals in a sample of Nellore purebred origin animals (n = 69) and crossbred animals originated from crosses of European sires and Nellore purebred origin females (n = 275). Only 2.26% (8/354) of the animals presented Bos taurus indicus mtDNA. The high frequency of Bos taurus taurus mtDNA in these animals can be a consequence of selection, once the animals studied are originated from selected lineages of high performance for meat production.

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Mendonça, Gilson de, Marcelo Alves Pimentel, Ricardo Alberto Cardellino, and José Carlos da Silveira Osório. "Produção de Leite em Primíparas de Bovinos Hereford e Desenvolvimento Ponderal de Terneiros Cruzas Taurinos e Zebuínos." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 31, no. 1 suppl (January 2002): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982002000200023.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de leite de vacas de corte primíparas e o desenvolvimento ponderal dos terneiros de dois genótipos entre o nascimento e o desmame. Foram utilizadas 48 novilhas da raça Hereford (Bos taurus), com idade de três anos, manejadas sobre campo natural. As raças paternas utilizadas foram Red Angus (Bos taurus) e Nelore (Bos indicus), em 16 e 32 vacas respectivamente. Os fatores estudados foram genótipo do terneiro (GENOT) -- Bos taurus x Bos taurus e Bos taurus x Bos indicus, época de nascimento (EPOCN) distribuída em três períodos -- 1S (setembro), 2O (outubro) e 3N (novembro) e sexo do terneiro (SEXO). Foram realizadas dez medidas de produção de leite pelo método indireto pesagem - mamada - pesagem e onze medidas de peso para vacas e terneiros, em intervalos de 21 dias. A média diária geral de produção de leite foi de 4,80 ± 0,09 kg. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na produção de leite em relação aos fatores estudados. O ganho de peso dos terneiros foi influenciado significativamente pela EPOCN, mas não pelo GENOT e SEXO. Concluiu-se que a produção de leite de vacas de corte primíparas, manejadas em campo natural, não foi influenciada pelo GENOT, EPOCN e SEXO dos terneiros. O desenvolvimento ponderal dos terneiros sofreu influência apenas da EPOCN.

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Nava-Trujillo, H., A. Hernández, H. Hernández-Fonseca, E. Soto-Belloso, and F. Perea-Ganchou. "154 EFFECTS OF THE BREED AND SEASON ON THE FERTILITY OF TROPICAL DUAL PURPOSE COWS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab154.

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First service fertility is an important factor affecting the calving-conception interval and the number of services per conception. In the present study, first service fertility of 618 multiparous dual purpose cows was analyzed according to breed predominance (Bos indicus and Bos taurus) and service season: dry (December-March); sub-humid (April-August); and humid season (September-November). All cows were located in a sub-humid tropical forest area, characterized by 1950 mm/year of rainfall and a mean daily temperature of 28.3�C. Cows were milked and suckled twice a day. Estrus was detected twice a day with a minimum observation period of 30 min. All cows were serviced according to the international rule AM-PM with semen of one of two Brahman bulls (A and B). All cows received water and mineral salt ad libitum during the entire year. Additionally, during the dry season cows received an energy supplementation. Data were analyzed using the chi-square procedure of SAS (SAS/STAT User's Guide, 8.2 ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc., 2001). No bull effects were observed on first service fertility (bull A: 37.70%, 105/305; and bull B: 40.26%, 126/313; P > 0.05). Breed predominance significantly affected the first service fertility, being higher in Bos indicus cows (47.48%) than in Bos taurus cows (32.78%; P < 0.05). The higher first service fertility of Bos indicus cows seen during the year was probably because Bos indicus cattle are more thermotolerant than Bos taurus cattle (Hansen 2004 Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82-83, 349-360). Moreover, season of service did not affect the first service fertility of Bos indicus cows (dry: 48.95%, 70/143; sub-humid: 50%, 33/66; and humid: 41.30%, 19/46; P > 0.05). While in Bos taurus cows, first service fertility was higher in cows serviced during the dry season (43.24%) in comparison with those serviced during the sub-humid (28.26%; P < 0.05) or humid season (23.58%; P < 0.05). No differences were observed between Bos taurus cows serviced in the sub-humid and the humid season (P > 0.05). First service fertility did not differ between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cows serviced during the dry season (P > 0.05), which is likely due to the lower relative humidity and extra energy supplementation. This may improve oocyte quality. In conclusion, fertility of Bos taurus cattle is more sensitive than that of Bos indicus cattle under tropical conditions; therefore, the implementation of a reproductive seasonality scheme is recommended to increase the reproductive efficiency of Bos taurus cattle.

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Syrstad, Ola. "Heterosis in Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses." Livestock Production Science 12, no. 4 (June 1985): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(85)90130-7.

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Patel, Rajesh K., Kalpesh J. Soni, Jenabhai B. Chauhan, Krishna M. Singh, and Krothapalli R. S. Sambasiva Rao. "Factor XI deficiency in Indian Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbreds and Bubalus bubalis." Genetics and Molecular Biology 30, no. 3 (2007): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572007000400013.

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Dunaievska, O. F. "ANATOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPLEEN BOS TAURUS TAURUS L." Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine 1, no. 1 (2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-1-148-265-268.

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Bressan, Maria Cristina, Erika Cristina Rodrigues, Lizandra Vercezi Rossato, Eduardo Mendes Ramos, and Luis Telo da Gama. "Physicochemical properties of meat from Bos taurus and Bos indicus." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, no. 6 (June 2011): 1250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000600013.

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The objective of this study was to characterize meat quality in Bos taurus and Bos indicus and to determine the influence of finishing system and genetic group on the physicochemical properties of the longissimus thoracis at 24 hours and 10 days post mortem (1ºC). The sample included 160 bulls of the B. taurus (n=75) and B. indicus (n=85) groups, finished either on pasture (n=46) or with grain supplementation (n=114), slaughtered at a carcass weight of 270 to 300 kg. Pasture-finished animals had higher pH, lower red content and a fat content 2.5 times lower than those finished with supplementation. Meat from supplement-finished animals had lower shear force in comparison to that from animals finished on pasture, with means of 7.7 and 8.5 kg at 24 hours, and of 5.5 and 5.9 kg at 10 days, respectively. Samples of B. taurus and B. indicus were similar in moisture and protein, but B. taurus presented higher means for ash and lower means for fat. Aged samples of B. indicus finished on pasture showed lower values for lightness and yellowness. Overall, lightness and yellow content increased and red content decreased with 10-day ageing. Means for shear force were lower in B. taurus than in B. indicus, with differences of 1.4 kg in fresh meat and 0.6 kg in aged samples. The reduction in shear force with ageing was more pronounced in samples with higher initial shear force, in spite of the positive relationship between shear force before and after ageing.

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Daley, Donald R., Anne McCuskey, and Curtiss M. Bailey. "Composition and Yield of Milk from Beef-Type Bos Taurus and Bos Indicus × Bos Taurus Dams." Journal of Animal Science 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1987.642373x.

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Hutton, S., E. Semple, S. P. Leibo, and K. J. Betteridge. "Production of frozen Bos indicus × Bos taurus embryos from oocytes recovered from slaughtered Bos taurus cows." Theriogenology 47, no. 1 (January 1997): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(97)82416-8.

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Seabury, C. M., P. M. Seabury, J. E. Decker, R. D. Schnabel, J. F. Taylor, and J. E. Womack. "Diversity and evolution of 11 innate immune genes in Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus cattle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 1 (December 14, 2009): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913006107.

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Zhao, Han, Yaping Gao, Qiang Jiang, Jinpeng Wang, Wenhao Liu, Zhihua Ju, Xiuge Wang, Xiaochao Wei, Yundong Gao, and Jinming Huang. "Molecular characterization of the ACSS2 gene involved in adaptation to hypoxia in high-altitude cattle breeds." Animal Biology 71, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10046.

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Abstract Under extreme environmental conditions such as hypoxia, insufficient nutrition, and glucose deficiency, the acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2)-mediated acetyl-CoA synthesis pathway plays an alternative role to ensure the normal operation of metabolic activities. To investigate the potential effect of the ACSS2 gene on hypoxic adaptation and its regulatory mechanism of gene expression in high-altitude cattle breeds, we analyzed the genetic variations of the ACSS2 gene in five Bos taurus taurus, Bos taurus indicus, hybrid Bos taurus taurus × Bos taurus indicus Chinese cattle breeds, and two Bos grunniens (yak) breeds distributed at different altitudes (95-3850 m). A total of 58 SNPs was detected in seven populations, and abundant genetic variation was found in high-altitude breeds. We identified the bovine ACSS2 core promoter region between g.-682 and g.-264 by using the luciferase assay in FFB and HepG2 cells. We also identified that the high-altitude hypoxia-specific haplotype (CAGTCT) was composed of six highly linked SNPs. The tagSNP g.-473 T>C (rs23) is located in the core promoter of ACSS2 in the Bos taurus taurus and yak breeds. The recombinant plasmid containing rs23 and analyses of luciferase activity of different genotypes showed that the activity of ACSS2 promoter increased significantly when T was mutated to C. We also found a yak-specific SNP rs20 that consists of 12 base insertions (g.-562 ins GAAAGGACCCTA) in the promoter of yak breeds. Luciferase activity analysis showed that the insertion mutant significantly decreased the promoter activity of ACSS2. Hence, ACSS2 may play an important role in the adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia by generating adaptive alleles to influence gene transcription in cattle. These results signify that different genetic variants and haplotypes affect the activity of the core promoter to regulate ACSS2 gene expression and subsequently overcome and adapt to a high-altitude environment within different cattle breeds. Our findings may have important implications for understanding the mechanism of adaptation to high altitude and for application of molecular breeding in Bos species.

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Mendonça, Gilson de, Marcelo Alves Pimentel, Ricardo Alberto Cardellino, and José Carlos da Silveira Osório. "Época de nascimento, genótipo e sexo de terneiros cruzas taurinos e zebuínos sobre o peso ao nascer, à desmama e eficiência individual de primíparas Hereford." Ciência Rural 33, no. 6 (December 2003): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782003000600018.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da época de nascimento, genótipo e sexo do terneiro sobre a eficiência individual das vacas à desmama (relação percentual entre o peso do terneiro à desmama e o peso da vaca), peso ao nascer e peso à desmama dos terneiros. Foram utilizadas 48 vacas da raça Hereford (Bos taurus), com idade de três anos, manejadas sobre campo natural, 16 inseminadas com um touro da raça Red Angus (Bos taurus) e 32 com Nelore (Bos indicus). Os fatores estudados foram genótipo do terneiro (GENOT) - Bos taurus x Bos taurus e Bos taurus x Bos indicus, época de nascimento (EPOCN) subdividida em três períodos - 1S (setembro), 2O (outubro) e 3N (novembro) e sexo do terneiro (SEXO). A produção de leite (PL) foi incluída como co-variável. Foram realizadas dez medidas de produção de leite pelo método indireto pesagem - mamada - pesagem e onze medidas de peso para vacas e terneiros, em intervalos de 21 dias. Os fatores que influenciaram significativamente o PN foram GENOT e SEXO (P<0,05). O P205 sofreu influência significativa da EPOCN, SEXO e PL (P<0,05). A EI foi influenciada significativamente pela EPOCN, SEXO e PL até 147 dias (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que genótipo e sexo dos terneiros influenciam o peso ao nascer. O peso à desmama e a eficiência das vacas são influenciados pelo sexo e época de nascimento, mas não pelo genótipo dos terneiros.

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Magotra, Ankit, I. D. Gupta, Archana Verma, Rani Alex, Vineeth MR, and Tavsief Ahmad. "Candidate SNP of CACNA2D1 Gene Associated with Clinical Mastitis and Production Traits in Sahiwal (Bos taurus indicus) and Karan Fries (Bos taurus taurus × Bos taurus indicus)." Animal Biotechnology 30, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2018.1437046.

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Kaupe, Bernhard, Andreas Winter, Ruedi Fries, and Georg Erhardt. "DGAT1 polymorphism in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle breeds." Journal of Dairy Research 71, no. 2 (May 2004): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029904000032.

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As a result of multiple QTL-mapping projects in recent years, a quantitative trait locus for milk fat percentage and milk yield has been described on BTA14. Recent reports name the acyl-CoA[ratio ]diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene on BTA14 as a potential candidate gene, with a nonconservative substitution of lysine by alanine (K232A) producing a major effect on milk composition and yield. DGAT1K appears to be the ancestral allele and the K232A substitution probably occurred after the divergence of the Bos indicus and Bos taurus lineages. These findings prompted us to genotype 1748 DNA samples of 38 different Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds from 13 countries on five continents (Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and South America), to examine the occurrence of the DGAT1 polymorphism and characterize the K232A substitution in cattle breeds of different origins and selected for different purposes (e.g., beef, dairy and dual purpose). Calculating pairwise FST values for pooled subpopulations showed least divergence for Bos indicus breeds with high milk fat percentage. Fixation of DGAT1A was found in some Bos taurus breeds and fixation of DGAT1K in one Bos indicus breed. Breeds of no known organized breeding background from the Near East domestication centre of Bos taurus and taurine African N'Dama cattle were found to possess intermediate frequencies of DGAT1K. While beef breeds tended to harbour higher DGAT1A levels, dairy cattle showed everything from very low levels of DGAT1K to unexpectedly high frequencies of this allele.

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Oosthuizen, Nicola, Pedro Levy Piza Fontes, and G. Cliff Lamb. "34 Reproductive management of beef females in tropical and sub-tropical environments." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.074.

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Abstract Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle diverged from an evolutionary standpoint more than 110,000 years ago. Since then, Bos indicus cattle have undergone genetic adaptations beyond the commonly discussed increased thermo-tolerance and parasite resistance. Several physiological differences exist between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle, and it is important to consider these differences when establishing reproductive management strategies. It has been well described that Bos indicus cattle have a delayed onset of puberty and longer periods of postpartum anestrus, yet through the utilization of estrus synchronization protocols these challenges can be attenuated. However, when Bos indicus females are exposed to these protocols, they are known to have smaller dominant follicles, lower expression of estrus, and decreased pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (AI) when compared to Bos taurus females. These factors can be overcome through the utilization of estradiol and progesterone based synchronization protocols, which improve follicular dynamics and yield acceptable pregnancy rates to assisted reproductive technologies in cattle adapted to tropical or subtropical conditions. However, the use of estrogens for synchronization purposes is not permitted in the United States, and cattle producers need to rely on GnRH-based protocols. Another key difference between subspecies, is that Bos indicus females have greater antral follicle counts than Bos taurus females, which proves beneficial for in vitro embryo production. Therefore, an opportunity exists to explore the greater productivity of donors in embryo production in order to improve genetics in herds that utilize these breeds.

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Antonangelo, Ana Teresa B. F., Débora Colombi, Rogério A. Curi, Antonio S. K. Braz, Trícia M. Oliveira, and Lígia S. L. S. da Mota. "Detection and quantification of Duffy antigen on bovine red blood cell membranes using a polyclonal antibody." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 9 (September 2012): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012000900020.

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Babesiosis is one of the most important diseases affecting livestock agriculture worldwide. Animals from the subspecies Bos taurus indicus are more resistant to babesiosis than those from Bos taurus taurus. The genera Babesia and Plasmodium are Apicomplexa hemoparasites and share features such as invasion of red blood cells (RBC). The glycoprotein Duffy is the only human erythrocyte receptor for Pasmodium vivax and a mutation which abolishes expression of this glycoprotein on erythrocyte surfaces is responsible for making the majority of people originating from the indigenous populations of West Africa resistant to P. vivax. The current work detected and quantified the Duffy antigen on Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus erythrocyte surfaces using a polyclonal antibody in order to investigate if differences in susceptibility to Babesia are due to different levels of Duffy antigen expression on the RBCs of these animals, as is known to be the case in human beings for interactions of Plasmodium vivax-Duffy antigen. ELISA tests showed that the antibody that was raised against Duffy antigens detected the presence of Duffy antigen in both subspecies and that the amount of this antigen on those erythrocyte membranes was similar. These results indicate that the greater resistance of B. taurus indicus to babesiosis cannot be explained by the absence or lower expression of Duffy antigen on RBC surfaces.

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Oliveira, Fabrício Albani, Ítalo Câmara de Almeida, Larissa Marchiori Sena, Jurandy Mauro Penitente-Filho, and Ciro Alexandre Alves Torres. "Recombinant bovine somatotropin in the synchronization of ovulation in crossbred dairy cows (Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus)." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.746-750.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) at the moment of implementation of the timed artificial insemination protocol, on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rate in crossbred cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 346 cows were used in two experiments with a factorial 2×2 design. The cycling cows (Tcycling) and the anestrous cows (Tanestrous) were considered as factor 1 and the administration of rbST (TrbST) or not (Tcontrol) as factor 2. The experimental protocol: (1) Tcontrol – day 0 (D0), insertion of a progesterone-release intravaginal device (PRID) plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB); D8, PRID removal, plus 0.150 mg of prostaglandin F2α, and 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin; D9, 1 mg of EB; and with artificial insemination at day 10; (2) TrbST – similar to Tcontrol plus 500 mg of rbST on D0. In experiment I, ultrasound examinations were performed in all treatments. In experiment II, the cows' pregnancy rate was evaluated. Data were analyzed with 5% probability. Results: There was no effect of the protocols on cows cyclicity or follicular growth rate (p>0.05). There was no interaction of the effects, administration of rbST, and the cyclicity of cows on the pregnancy rate. The total pregnancy rate observed was 49.0%. The pregnancy rate in cows receiving rbST was lower for anestrous compared with cycling cows (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of rbST did not alter the patterns of follicular dynamics nor the ovulation rate. However, cows in anestrous that received rbST had lower pregnancy rates than cycling cows.

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Constantinoiu, C. C., L. A. Jackson, W. K. Jorgensen, A. E. Lew-Tabor, E. K. Piper, D. G. Mayer, B. Venus, and N. N. Jonsson. "Local immune response against larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus cattle." International Journal for Parasitology 40, no. 7 (June 2010): 865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.01.004.

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Wythes, JR, WR Shorthose, RM Dodt, and RF Dickinson. "Carcass and meat quality of Bos indicus x Bos taurus and Bos taurus cattle in northern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 6 (1989): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890757.

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Liveweights, carcass characteristics, bruising and muscle properties of Bos indicus x Bos taurus (BiX) and Bos taurus (Bt) cattle (1070 steers and 394 cows) were compared from 7 experiments throughout Queensland. In general, the cattle were weighed (unfasted), transported as mixed genotype groups to an abattoir and given access to water from arrival until slaughter. Access to feed varied between experiments. Mustering to slaughter periods varied from 4 to 9 days. For steers, mean liveweight at slaughter and carcass characteristics (weight, dressing percentage, liver weight and rib fat depth) were generally similar for BiX and Bt. In 1 of the 5 experiments with steers, BiX had a greater (P<0.05) mean liveweight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and liver weight. In both of the experiments with cows, BiX had greater (P<0.05) mean carcass weight but in only 1 experiment greater (P<0.05) mean liveweight and dressing percentage. There were no consistent differences between BiX and Bt in bruise score. Meat properties were compared in 1 experiment each for steers and for cows. BiX cows had a greater (P<0.05) mean initial yield(YI) shear value and tended to have a greater peak force (PF) for M. longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle than Bt cows. BiX had a lower (P<0.05) PF - IY value. Genotype had no significant effect on shear values and sarcomere length in steers or on cooking loss in steers and cows. Over all experiments, there was a higher (P<0.05) percentage of Bt than BiX carcasses ( 8.5 v. 3.7%) with high pH (> 6.0) values 24 h post mortem (pH24) for LD muscle. Genotype had no significant effect on mean pH24 and ultimate pH in cows or steers. Significantly more (P<0.05) cow than steer carcasses had high pHz4 values (10.9 v. 5.0%). In 2 experiments, more (P<0.05) heads and tongues were condemned for BiX than Bt steers, but there was no significant difference for the percentage of burst rumens. We conclude that the belief held by producers, butchers and others that BiX cattle have more bruising and produce darker meat than Bt cattle is unfounded. The overall toughness of meat from cattle slaughtered in northern Australia is of much greater concern than minor differences between genotypes.

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Valentim, Renato, Rubens Paes Arruda, Renato Campanarut Barnabe, and Maurício Mello Alencar. "Biometria testicular de touros Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) e touros cruzados Nelore-europeu (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) aos 20 e 24 meses de idade." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 39, no. 3 (2002): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-95962002000300001.

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León-Gallardo, Zara, and Luis Benítez. "Fasciolosis, prevalence and economic losses in Bos Taurus." SCIÉNDO 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sciendo.2018.047.

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Sammes, Stephanie L., Angela M. Lees, Judy A. Cawdell-Smith, and John B. Gaughan. "147 Changes in body temperature of lot-fed Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers during a heat wave." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.308.

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Abstract Body temperature (BT) is a reliable method for evaluating the thermal status of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of BT in B. indicus and B. taurus steers during a heat wave event. Thirty-five steers (466.30±10.2kg) of mixed genotypes (B. taurus, n = 18; B. indicus, n = 17) were used in a larger 100-d study. Cattle were housed in six un-shaded pens at a commercial feedlot. Body temperature data for this were obtained at 1 h intervals over a 3-d heat wave event using in situ abdominal data loggers. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, using residual maximum likelihood estimation. The model included genotype (B. taurus; B. indicus) and animal ID as random effects and hour as a fixed effect. Mean maximum BT occurred at 1500 h for B. taurus (40.52±0.03ºC) and 0400 h for B. indicus (40.48±0.31ºC). The BT of B. indicus decreased between 0400 h and 0700 h, and then increased to 1100 h (+0.10±0.01ºC/h), before decreasing again. The BT of B. taurus decreased between 0500 h and 0600 h, and then slowly increased (+0.04±0.01ºC/h) to 1500 h. Mean minimum BT occurred at 2100 h for B. taurus (40.12±0.11ºC) and 0700 h for B. indicus (40.00±0.22ºC). B. taurus maintained lower BT (40.21±0.05ºC) between 1900 h and 2200 h compared to B. indicus (40.27±0.05ºC) which may be due to disrupted heat loss mechanisms during the day, highlighting the importance of night time cooling. In response to increasing heat load, BT in B. taurus had slower increases but retained heat for longer, whilst B. indicus BT responded by a series of rapid increases and decreases. Developing an understanding of the differences in BT regulation in B. indicus and B. taurus will allow for more effective heat load management strategies during heat waves to be established.

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38

Duc, Le Hoang, Pham Thanh Tung, Nguyen Trung Nam, Chu Hoang Ha, Le Xuan Tham, and Le Van Son. "STUDY ON INSPECTION OF THE PUTATIVE HYBRIDS BETWEEN TRACK-LACKING WILD MALE GAUR (BOS GAURUS) AND DOMESTIC FEMALE COW (BOS TAURUS) IN PHUOC BINH NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, no. 4 (December 14, 2018): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/4/13403.

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Hybridization between wild and domestic bovine occurs widely due to the overlapping of the natural habitat of the wild and human farm animals. Due to the loss of habitat, the number of wild gaur (Bos gaurus) in Vietnam was in serious decline. Since 2009, a male wild gaur (Bos gaurus) has appeared and incorporated with female domestic cows (Bos taurus) in buffer zone Phuoc Binh National Park, on the border with Lam Dong and Ninh Thuan provinces. Then, several calves were born that carried some traits of wild gaur including physical characteristics and behaviors. These calves were supposed to be offspring between wild gaur and domestic cows. In previous study, the karyotypes of putative calves were identified with 2n = 58 and non-homologous chromosome 28 and 29 in these hybrids. In this study, we characterized the putative hybrids between track-lacking Bos gaurus and Bos taurus for breeding and preservation using Cytochrome b analysis, microsatellites and a novel marker growth hormone factor 1 (POU1F1). Cytochrome b analysis indicated the maternal lineage of the putative hybrids, with 100% nucleotide sequence identity. Microsatellite BM861 and sequence of ZFY gene region reveal Bos taurus chromosome Y origin was among the male putative hybrids. Importantly, the analysis of POU1F1 gene sequence on 1 chromosome showed efficacy in determining both Bos gaurus and Bos taurus lineage in the putative hybrids. The karyotyping results were confirmed by molecular analysis and our results provide a feasible way for detecting the putative hybrids between wild and domestic cattle in case of lacking the wild trace.

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Silva-Santos, K. C., G. M. G. Santos, L. S. Siloto, M. F. Hertel, E. R. Andrade, M. I. B. Rubin, L. Sturion, F. A. Melo-Sterza, and M. M. Seneda. "Estimate of the population of preantral follicles in the ovaries of Bos taurus indicus and Bos taurus taurus cattle." Theriogenology 76, no. 6 (October 2011): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.05.008.

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40

de Almeida, Ana Beatriz Marques, Fábio Morotti, Anne Kemmer Souza, and Maria Isabel Mello Martins. "Sperm characteristics of Bos taurus taurus and Bos taurus indicus bulls during winter in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Animal Reproduction Science 194 (July 2018): e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.04.024.

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41

Lima, Sergio B. G. P. N. P., Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza, Bianca V. Pires, Sarah F. M. Bonilha, Joslaine N. S. G. Cyrillo, João A. Negrão, and Claudia C. P. Paz. "Effect of high temperature on physiological parameters of Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) and Caracu (Bos taurus taurus) cattle breeds." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 2233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02249-y.

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42

Green, R. D., L. V. Cundiff, and G. E. Dickerson. "Life-cycle biological efficiency of Bos indicus × Bos taurus and Bos taurus crossbred cow-calf production to weaning2." Journal of Animal Science 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 3544–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1991.6993544x.

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43

Carvalho, J. B. P., N. A. T. Carvalho, E. L. Reis, M. Nichi, A. H. Souza, and P. S. Baruselli. "Effect of early luteolysis in progesterone-based timed AI protocols in Bos indicus, Bos indicus×Bos taurus, and Bos taurus heifers." Theriogenology 69, no. 2 (January 2008): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.08.035.

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Sammes, Stephanie L., Angela M. Lees, Judy A. Cawdell-Smith, and John B. Gaughan. "PSII-4 Changes in body temperature of lot-fed Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers during a heat wave." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.478.

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Abstract Body temperature (BT) is a reliable method for evaluating the thermal status of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of BT in B. indicus and B. taurus steers during a heat wave event. Thirty-five steers (466.30±10.2kg) of mixed genotypes (B. taurus, n = 18; B. indicus, n = 17) were used in a larger 100-d study. Cattle were housed in six un-shaded pens at a commercial feedlot. Body temperature data for this were obtained at 1 h intervals over a 3-d heat wave event using in situ abdominal data loggers. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, using residual maximum likelihood estimation. The model included genotype (B. taurus; B. indicus) and animal ID as random effects and hour as a fixed effect. Mean maximum BT occurred at 1500 h for B. taurus (40.52±0.03ºC) and 0400 h for B. indicus (40.48±0.31ºC). The BT of B. indicus decreased between 0400 h and 0700 h, and then increased to 1100 h (+0.10±0.01ºC/h), before decreasing again. The BT of B. taurus decreased between 0500 h and 0600 h, and then slowly increased (+0.04±0.01ºC/h) to 1500 h. Mean minimum BT occurred at 2100 h for B. taurus (40.12±0.11ºC) and 0700 h for B. indicus (40.00±0.22ºC). B. taurus maintained lower BT (40.21±0.05ºC) between 1900 h and 2200 h compared to B. indicus (40.27±0.05ºC) which may be due to disrupted heat loss mechanisms during the day, highlighting the importance of night time cooling. In response to increasing heat load, BT in B. taurus had slower increases but retained heat for longer, whilst B. indicus BT responded by a series of rapid increases and decreases. Developing an understanding of the differences in BT regulation in B. indicus and B. taurus will allow for more effective heat load management strategies during heat waves to be established.

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45

Prusakov, Aleksey, Nikolay Zelenevskiy, Mikhail Shchipakin, Dar’ya Bylinskaya, Yuliya Barteneva, Dmitriy Vasil’yev, Andrey Stratonov, and Viktor Khvatov. "Morphology of the Vascular Bodies of the Encephalon’s Ventricles of Cow (Bos Taurus Taurus)." Macedonian Veterinary Review 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0011.

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AbstractThe aim of the research was to establish the morphology of the vascular bodies of the encephalon ventricles of cow (Bos taurus taurus). Methods used: thin anatomical preparation, histological method of examination, transmission electron microscopy. Given the relationship, structure and general origin of the vascular bodies, they were divided into bodies III, IV and the lateral ventricles of the encephalon. This unit has topographical nature. Functionally, vascular bodies are an indivisible organ whose main function is the secretion of the cerebrospinal fluid, which maintains the constancy of the central nervous system internal environment. Three types of capillaries, differing in their morphology, were found in the composition of the vascular bodies’ villi in Bos taurus taurus.

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Araúz, Edil E., Eduardo E. Araúz, and Ángela Montezuma. "PERFIL DE LA CURVA DE LACTACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN LÁCTEA COMERCIAL EN VACAS CEBUÍNAS Y CRUZADAS EN FINCAS LECHERAS CON BAJA TECNOLOGÍA EN EL TRÓPICO." Investigaciones agropecuarias 2, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48204/j.ia.v2n2a4.

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La curva de lactación y la producción de leche comercial fueron evaluadas en 250 vacas multíparas cebuínas y cebuínas x europeo tipo leche en catorce fincas lecheras Grado C; bajo pastoreo, estrés calórico moderado y un ordeño manual diario con ternero en la época lluviosa en el trópico húmedo de bajura; donde el estrés calórico diurno máximo ocurrió a la 01 PM (HR 76.71%, TAbs 32.7°C, RSD 676.3 kcal/m2hr, ITH 86.59 e ITHRSDVVmax 92.35). La producción comercial acumulada y la longitud lactacional en el grupo cebuíno resultó en 692.07 kg en 177 días; ½ Bos taurus tipo leche x ½Cebú 1267.35 kg en 213 días y en las ¾ Bos taurus tipo leche x ¼ Cebú 2012.16 kg en 262 días (P<.01). El perfil típico de la curva de lactación mostró una producción diaria inicial, máxima y final en las cebuínas de 3.42, 4.62 a los 14 días y 2.23 kg/vaca (P<.05); 5.63, 8.63 a los 26 días y 3.27 kg/vaca (P<.01) en las ½ Bos taurus tipo leche x ½Cebú y 7.50, 10.95 a los 34 días y 4.40 kg/vaca (P<.01 en las 3/4Bos taurus x ¼ Cebú). La curva de lactación en las cebuínas fue Y(kg/vaca-día)=13.09572121X-0.0733187e-0.005064242X (R2=0.38); en las ½Cebú x ½ Bos taurus Y(kg/vaca-día)=8.5935X0.13048e-0.005115067X (R2=0.68) y en las ¾ Bos taurus lechero x ¼Cebú Y(kg/vaca-día)=12.7632X0.24051e-0.007117078X (R2=0.72). La producción lechera fue potenciada con el mayor aporte genético tipo leche en los cruces; sin embargo, el entorno ambiental y el manejo afectaron la curva de lactación y redujeron la habilidad lechera fenotípica en todos los grupos genéticos en el trópico húmedo.

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Afiati, Fifi, D. A. Lestari, and D. M. Malini. "Effect of addition of vitamin C in diluent medium for quality of dairy cow (Bos taurus) spermataozoa after thawing." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v21i2.1360.

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The process of freezing and thawing of semen could lead spermatozoa death and low fertility for alive spermatozoa. This research was subjected to determine the optimum concentration of vitamin C in diluent media to improve the quality of non-sexing and sexing result of thawed dairy cattle (Bos taurus) spermatozoa. The method used was completely randomized design with 3x4 factorial consisting of spermatozoa isolation and vitamin C concentration. Spermatozoa isolation factors were non-sexing and sexing results (X and Y spermatozoa). Vitamin C concentrations factors were 0% (K); 0.25% (P1); 0.50% (P2) and 0.75% (P3). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test 95%. The optimum concentration of vitamin C in diluent media to improve the quality of non-sexing thawed dairy cattle (Bos taurus) spermatozoa was 0.25%. While the optimum concentration of vitamin C in diluent medium to improve quality of thawed dairy cattle (Bos taurus) spermatozoa both X and Y was 0.50%. Administration of vitamin C in diluent media could improve the quality of thawed non-sexed and sexed (X and Y spermatozoa) spermatozoa in dairy cattle (Bos taurus).Kata Kunci: Spermatozoa, Bos taurus, Vitamin C, Sexing, Diluent, Thawing

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Misrianti, R., S. H. Wijaya, C. Sumantri, and J. Jakaria. "Phylogenetic tree analysis for Bali Cattle based on partial sequence 16S rRNA Mitochondrial DNA." E3S Web of Conferences 335 (2022): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233500014.

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Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) as a source of genetic information based on the maternal genome, can provide important information for phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary biology. The objective of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic tree of Bali cattle with seven gene bank references (Bos indicus, Bos taurus, Bos frontalis, and Bos grunniens) based on partial sequence 16S rRNA mitochondria DNA. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed using BEAST 2.4. and visualization in Figtree 1.4.4 (tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). The best model of evolution was carried out using jModelTest 2.1.7. The most optimal was the evolutionary models GTR + I + G with p-inv (I) 0,1990 and gamma shape 0.1960. The main result indicated that the Bali cattle were grouped into Bos javanicus. Phylogenetic analysis also successfully classifying Bos javanicus, Bos indicus, Bos taurus, Bos frontalis and Bos grunniens. These results will complete information about Bali cattle and useful for the preservation and conservation strategies of Indonesian animal genetic resources.

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Heaton, Michael P., Timothy P. L. Smith, Derek M. Bickhart, Brian L. Vander Ley, Larry A. Kuehn, Jonas Oppenheimer, Wade R. Shafer, et al. "A Reference Genome Assembly of Simmental Cattle, Bos taurus taurus." Journal of Heredity 112, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab002.

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Abstract Genomics research has relied principally on the establishment and curation of a reference genome for the species. However, it is increasingly recognized that a single reference genome cannot fully describe the extent of genetic variation within many widely distributed species. Pangenome representations are based on high-quality genome assemblies of multiple individuals and intended to represent the broadest possible diversity within a species. A Bovine Pangenome Consortium (BPC) has recently been established to begin assembling genomes from more than 600 recognized breeds of cattle, together with other related species to provide information on ancestral alleles and haplotypes. Previously reported de novo genome assemblies for Angus, Brahman, Hereford, and Highland breeds of cattle are part of the initial BPC effort. The present report describes a complete single haplotype assembly at chromosome-scale for a fullblood Simmental cow from an F1 bison–cattle hybrid fetus by trio binning. Simmental cattle, also known as Fleckvieh due to their red and white spots, originated in central Europe in the 1830s as a triple-purpose breed selected for draught, meat, and dairy production. There are over 50 million Simmental cattle in the world, known today for their fast growth and beef yields. This assembly (ARS_Simm1.0) is similar in length to the other bovine assemblies at 2.86 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 102 Mb (max scaffold 156.8 Mb) and meets or exceeds the continuity of the best Bos taurus reference assemblies to date.

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Chacur, Marcelo George Mungai, Maurício De Faria Marin, Eunice Oba, and Sérgio Do Nascimento Kronka. "Efeito da ovariectomia em novilhas Nelore x Angus, Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus sobre os ganhos de peso." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 28, no. 2 (October 30, 2007): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2007v28n2p317.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bos taurus'

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