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Journal articles on the topic 'Bose condensate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

SHI, YU. "ENTANGLEMENT BETWEEN BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 22 (2001): 3007–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007154.

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For a Bose condensate in a double-well potential or with two Josephson-coupled internal states, the condensate wavefunction is a superposition. Here we consider coupling two such Bose condensates, and suggest the existence of a joint condensate wavefunction, which is in general a superposition of all products of the bases condensate wavefunctions of the two condensates. The corresponding many-body state is a product of such superposed wavefunctions, with appropriate symmetrization. These states may be potentially useful for quantum computation. There may be robustness and stability due to macroscopic occupation of a same single particle state. The nonlinearity of the condensate wavefunction due to particle–particle interaction may be utilized to realize nonlinear quantum computation, which was suggested to be capable of solving NP-complete problems.

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2

Öztürk, Fahri Emre, Tim Lappe, Göran Hellmann, et al. "Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas." Science 372, no. 6537 (2021): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe9869.

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Quantum gases of light, such as photon or polariton condensates in optical microcavities, are collective quantum systems enabling a tailoring of dissipation from, for example, cavity loss. This characteristic makes them a tool to study dissipative phases, an emerging subject in quantum many-body physics. We experimentally demonstrate a non-Hermitian phase transition of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate to a dissipative phase characterized by a biexponential decay of the condensate’s second-order coherence. The phase transition occurs because of the emergence of an exceptional point in the quantum gas. Although Bose-Einstein condensation is usually connected to lasing by a smooth crossover, the observed phase transition separates the biexponential phase from both lasing and an intermediate, oscillatory condensate regime. Our approach can be used to study a wide class of dissipative quantum phases in topological or lattice systems.

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3

CIAMPINI, DONATELLA, OLIVER MORSCH, and ENNIO ARIMONDO. "SIGNATURES OF DYNAMICAL INSTABILITY OF BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES IN 1D OPTICAL LATTICES." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 12, no. 02 (2013): 1340006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477513400063.

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The onset of dynamical instabilities of Bose–Einstein condensates in optical lattices due to the dephasing of the condensate wavefunction is observed through the decay of the visibility of the interference pattern in time-of-flight and the growth of the radial width of the condensate.

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4

STAMPER-KURN, D. M., A. P. CHIKKATUR, A. GÖRLITZ, et al. "PROBING BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES WITH OPTICAL BRAGG SCATTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 10n11 (2001): 1621–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201006136.

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Gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates are a macroscopic condensed-matter system which can be understood from a microscopic, atomic basis. We present examples of how the optical tools of atomic physics can be used to probe properties of this system. In particular, we describe how stimulated light scattering can be used to measure the coherence length of a condensate, to measure its excitation spectrum, and to reveal the presence of pair excitations in the many-body condensate wavefunction.

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5

Shevchenko, S. I. "Two condensates in superfluid Bose systems." Soviet Journal of Low Temperature Physics 11, no. 4 (1985): 183–90. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0031269.

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A well-known paradox in the theory of superfluidity is studied: superfluidity is linked to Bose condensation, but the superfluid density is always greater than the density of the Bose condensate. Based on the model of a weakly nonideal Bose gas, it is demonstrated that supercondensate particles, forming pairs which are correlated in momentum space—the two-particle condensate—make the missing contribution to the superfluid density. It is shown that in the case of slow spatial variations of superfluid flows it is possible to introduce a macroscopic wave function describing the entire superfluid component and not only the single-particle condensate. The characteristic features of weak superfluidity in Bose systems are studied and it is shown that the tunneling effect is a sensitive tool for studying the structure of the superfluid component. It is hypothesized that the superfluid component of real He II consists of the sum of one-, two-, three-, and many-particle condensates.

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6

Wilson, Andrew C., and Callum R. McKenzie. "Experimental Aspects of Bose-Einstein Condensation." Modern Physics Letters B 14, supp01 (2000): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984900001579.

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An introductory level review of experimental techniques essential for producing and probing Bose condensates formed with dilute alkali vapours is presented. This discussion includes a summary of evaporative cooling techniques, condensate imaging schemes, and a review of current BEC technology.

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7

Yang, Yajie, and Ying Dong. "Dynamics of matter-wave solitons in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates with time-modulated interactions and gain or loss effect." Physica Scripta 97, no. 2 (2022): 025201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac47b9.

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Abstract The gain or loss effect on the dynamics of the matter-wave solitons in three-component Bose–Einstein condensates with time-modulated interactions trapped in parabolic external potentials are investigated analytically. Some exact matter-wave soliton solutions to the three-coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation describing the three-component Bose–Einstein condensates are constructed by similarity transformation. The dynamical properties of the matter-wave solitons are analyzed graphically, and the effects of the gain or loss parameter and the frequency of the external potentials on the matter-wave solitons are explored. It is shown that the gain coefficient makes the atom condensate to absorb energy from the background, while the loss coefficient brings about the collapse of the condensate.

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8

PÉREZ ROJAS, H., A. PÉREZ MARTÍNEZ, and HERMAN J. MOSQUERA CUESTA. "COLLAPSING NEUTRON STARS DRIVEN BY CRITICAL MAGNETIC FIELDS AND EXPLODING BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, no. 11 (2005): 1855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805007516.

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A Bose–Einstein condensate of a neutral vector boson bearing an anomalous magnetic moment is suggested as a model for ferromagnetic origin of magnetic fields in neutron stars. The vector particles are assumed to arise from parallel spin-paired neutrons. A negative pressure perpendicular to the external field B is acting on this condensate, which for large densities, compress the system, and may produce a collapse. An upper bound of the magnetic fields observable in neutron stars is given. In the the non-relativistic limit, the analogy with the behavior of exploding Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) for critical values of the magnetic field is briefly discussed.

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9

Al-Jibbouri, H. "Dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates under anharmonic trap." Condensed Matter Physics 25, no. 2 (2022): 23301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5488/cmp.25.23301.

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The dynamics of weakly interacting three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), trapped in external axially symmetric plus anharmonic distortion potential are studied. Within a variational approach and time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation, the coupled condensate width equations are derived. By modulating anharmonic distortion of the trapping potential, nonlinear features are studied numerically and illustrated analytically, such as mode coupling of oscillation modes, and resonances. Furthermore, the stability of attractive interaction BEC in both repulsive and attractive anharmonic distortion is examined. We demonstrate that a small repulsive and attractive anharmonic distortion is effective in reducing (extending) the condensate stability region since it decreases (increases) the critical number of atoms in the trapping potential.

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10

De María-García, Sergi De, Albert Ferrando, J. Alberto Conejero, Pedro Fernández De De Córdoba, and Miguel Ángel García-March. "A Method for the Dynamics of Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate: Analytical Equations of the Trajectories of Phase Singularities." Condensed Matter 8, no. 1 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat8010012.

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We present a method to study the dynamics of a quasi-two dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate which initially contains several vortices at arbitrary locations. The method allows one to find the analytical solution for the dynamics of the Bose-Einstein condensate in a homogeneous medium and in a parabolic trap, for the ideal non-interacting case. Secondly, the method allows one to obtain algebraic equations for the trajectories of the position of phase singularities present in the initial condensate along with time (the vortex lines). With these equations, one can predict quantities of interest, such as the time at which a vortex and an antivortex contained in the initial condensate will merge. For the homogeneous case, this method was introduced in the context of photonics. Here, we adapt it to the context of Bose-Einstein condensates, and we extend it to the trapped case for the first time. Also, we offer numerical simulations in the non-linear case, for repulsive and attractive interactions. We use a numerical split-step simulation of the non-linear Gross-Pitaevskii equation to determine how these trajectories and quantities of interest are changed by the interactions. We illustrate the method with several simple cases of interest, both in the homogeneous and parabolically trapped systems.

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11

DIKANDÉ, ALAIN MOÏSE, ISAIAH NDIFON NGEK, and JOSEPH EBOBENOW. "DYNAMICS OF BISOLITONIC MATTER WAVES IN A BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATE SUBJECTED TO AN ATOMIC BEAM SPLITTER AND GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 30 (2010): 2911–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910025243.

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A theoretical scheme for an experimental implementation involving bisolitonic matter waves from an attractive Bose–Einstein condensate, is considered within the framework of a non-perturbative approach to the associate Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The model consists of a single condensate subjected to an expulsive harmonic potential creating a double-condensate structure, and a gravitational potential that induces atomic exchanges between the two overlapping post condensates. Using a non-isospectral scattering transform method, exact expressions for the bright-matter–wave bisolitons are found in terms of double-lump envelopes with the co-propagating pulses displaying more or less pronounced differences in their widths and tails depending on the mass of atoms composing the condensate.

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12

Castellanos, Elías. "Homogeneous one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate in the Bogoliubov’s regime." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 22 (2016): 1650307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503073.

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We analyze the corrections caused by finite size effects upon the ground state properties of a homogeneous one-dimensional (1D) Bose–Einstein condensate. We assume from the very beginning that the Bogoliubov’s formalism is valid and consequently, we show that in order to obtain a well-defined ground state properties, finite size effects of the system must be taken into account. Indeed, the formalism described in the present paper allows to recover the usual properties related to the ground state of a homogeneous 1D Bose–Einstein condensate but corrected by finite size effects of the system. Finally, this scenario allows us to analyze the sensitivity of the system when the Bogoliubov’s regime is valid and when finite size effects are present. These facts open the possibility to apply these ideas to more realistic scenarios, e.g. low-dimensional trapped Bose–Einstein condensates.

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13

Zeng, Heping, Weiping Zhang, and Fucheng Lin. "Nonclassical Bose-Einstein condensate." Physical Review A 52, no. 3 (1995): 2155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.52.2155.

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14

Heping, Zeng, and Lin Fucheng. "Nonclassical Bose-Einstein Condensate." Chinese Physics Letters 12, no. 10 (1995): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/12/10/005.

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15

Cornell, Eric A., and Carl E. Wieman. "The Bose-Einstein Condensate." Scientific American 278, no. 3 (1998): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0398-40.

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16

TSURUMI, TAKEYA, HIROFUMI MORISE, and MIKI WADATI. "STABILITY OF BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES CONFINED IN TRAPS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 07 (2000): 655–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200000595.

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Bose–Einstein condensation has been realized as dilute atomic vapors. This achievement has generated immense interest in this field. This article review of recent theoretical research into the properties of trapped dilute-gas Bose–Einstein condensates. Among these properties, stability of Bose–Einstein condensates confined in traps is mainly discussed. Static properties of the ground state are investigated by using the variational method. The analysis is extended to the stability of two-component condensates. Time-development of the condensate is well-described by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation which is known in nonlinear physics as the no nlinear Schrödinger equation. For the case that the inter-atomic potential is effectively attractive, a singularity of the solution emerges in a finite time. This phenomenon which we call collapse explains the upper bound for the number of atoms in such condensates under traps.

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17

SCHELLE, ALEXEJ. "QUANTUM FLUCTUATION DYNAMICS DURING THE TRANSITION OF A MESOSCOPIC BOSONIC GAS INTO A BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATE." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 11, no. 04 (2012): 1250027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477512500277.

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The condensate number distribution during the transition of a dilute, weakly interacting gas of N = 200 bosonic atoms into a Bose–Einstein condensate is modeled within number conserving master equation theory of Bose–Einstein condensation. Initial strong quantum fluctuations occuring during the exponential cycle of condensate growth reduce in a subsequent saturation stage, before the Bose gas finally relaxes towards the Gibbs–Boltzmann equilibrium.

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18

BENSEGHIR, A., W. A. T. WAN ABDULLAH, B. A. UMAROV, and B. B. BAIZAKOV. "PARAMETRIC EXCITATION OF SOLITONS IN DIPOLAR BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 25 (2013): 1350184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913501844.

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In this paper, we study the response of a Bose–Einstein condensate with strong dipole–dipole atomic interactions to periodically varying perturbation. The dynamics is governed by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with additional nonlinear term, corresponding to a nonlocal dipolar interactions. The mathematical model, based on the variational approximation, has been developed and applied to parametric excitation of the condensate due to periodically varying coefficient of nonlocal nonlinearity. The model predicts the waveform of solitons in dipolar condensates and describes their small amplitude dynamics quite accurately. Theoretical predictions are verified by numerical simulations of the nonlocal Gross–Pitaevskii equation and good agreement between them is found. The results can lead to better understanding of the properties of ultra-cold quantum gases, such as 52 Cr , 164 Dy and 168 Er , where the long-range dipolar atomic interactions dominate the usual contact interactions.

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19

Jingtao Fan and Suotang Jia. "The dynamical response of spin frequency spectrum in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 9 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20241783.

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The dynamical characters owned by inner and external states of a Bose-Einstein condensate are generally different and independent, and thereby requires experimentally distinct manipulation techniques. The recently realized spin-orbit coupling in Bose-Einstein condensates essentially connects spin and motional degrees of freedom, which endows spin states with ability to respond to orbit operations and vice versa. In this paper, a dynamical response effect, triggered by simultaneously manipulating the inner and external states of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, is predicted. Here, the “simultaneously manipulation of the inner and external states” means that the driving fields incorporate both the Zeeman field, which imposed on the atomic inner states, and the orbit potential, which influences the external states of atoms. Specifically, the Bose-Einstein condensate is assumed to be activated by an abruptly applied Zeeman field and a sudden shake of the trapping potential. After some reasonable simplification and approximation of the model (i.e., neglecting the inter-atomic interactions and modelling the shake of the trapping potential by a short time-dependent pulse), an analytical relation bridging the spin frequency spectrum and the parameters of the driving fields, is derived. The numerical calculations based on directly integrating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation are in great agreement with the analytical relation. The physical origin of the predicted spin dynamical response can be traced back to the quantum interference among different spin-orbit states. As a series of characteristic parameters of the condensate can be manifested in the spin frequency spectrum, the dynamical response effect predicted here offers a candidate method to determine and calibrate various system parameters by measuring the spin frequency spectrum.

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20

Yang, Guoquan, Juan Guo, and Suying Zhang. "Influence of the dipole–dipole interaction on the interference between Bose–Einstein condensates." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 07 (2019): 1950048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500486.

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We have investigated the interference of the dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (DBECs) released from a double-well potential and studied the effects of dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) on the interference phenomena. We find that the DDI plays an important role in the interference process. When the effective polarization direction of the dipolar atoms is in the normal direction of the condensate plane, with the increasing of the strength of DDI, the visibility of fringes reduces and the width of fringes becomes larger. When the strength of DDI is fixed and the effective polarization direction of the dipolar atoms deviates from the normal direction of the condensate plane, the interference fringes become bent. Especially, for the situation of polarization parallel to the condensate plane, the interference fringes in the central regions become wave-shaped and vortex–antivortex pairs can be formed due to the anisotropic DDI. In addition, vortex–antivortex pairs could also be created by the spatial and temporal control of the DDI.

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21

CHAUDHARY, G. K., AMIT K. CHATTOPADHYAY, and R. RAMAKUMAR. "BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATE IN A QUARTIC POTENTIAL: STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 29 (2011): 3927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101855.

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In this paper, we present a theoretical study of a Bose–Einstein condensate of interacting bosons in a quartic trap in one-, two- and three-dimensions. Using Thomas–Fermi approximation, suitably complemented by numerical solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, we study the ground-state condensate density profiles, the chemical potential, the effects of cross-terms in the quartic potential, temporal evolution of various energy components of the condensate and width oscillations of the condensate. Results obtained are compared with corresponding results for a bose condensate in a harmonic confinement.

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22

Yukalov, V. I., E. P. Yukalova, and V. S. Bagnato. "Nonlinear coherent modes and atom optics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2894, no. 1 (2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2894/1/012011.

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Abstract By pumping energy into a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate it is possible to generate nonlinear coherent modes representing non-ground-state condensates. A Bose-condensed system of trapped atoms with nonlinear coherent modes is analogous to a finite-level atom considered in optics which can be excited by applying external fields. The excitation of finite-level atoms produces a variety of optical phenomena. In the similar way, the generation of nonlinear coherent modes in a trapped condensate results in many phenomena studied in what is termed atom optics. For example, there occur such effects as interference patterns, interference current, Rabi oscillations, harmonic generation, parametric conversion, Ramsey fringes, mode locking, and a dynamic transition between Rabi and Josephson regimes. The possibility of creating mesoscopic entangled states of trapped atoms and entanglement production by atomic states in optical lattices are studied.

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23

Kuznetsova, N. V., D. V. Makarov, N. A. Asriyan, A. A. Elistratov та Yu E. Lozovik. "Spatial coherence of exciton-polaritoniс Bose‒Einstein condensates". Izvestiâ Akademii nauk SSSR. Seriâ fizičeskaâ 88, № 6 (2024): 889–95. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0367676524060074.

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Dynamics of exciton-polariton Bose‒Einstein condensate in an optical microcavity is considered. A novel version of stochastic Gross‒Pitaevsky equation for description of condensate evolution under non-Markovian interaction with environment is proposed. Using the proposed version, analysis of condensate dynamics for various temperatures is carried out. The phase transition from a homogeneous to fragmented condensate state near temperature of 15 K is found. This phase transition is accompanied by drop of condensate density and decrease of correlation length. It is found that correlation length oscillates with time for the temperature of 10 K. The results obtained indicate the necessity to take into account non-Markovianity of condensate interaction with the excitonic reservoir.

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24

Griffin, A. "The effect of the Bose broken symmetry on the dynamics of superfluid 4He: a review." Canadian Journal of Physics 65, no. 11 (1987): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p87-216.

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A status report is given on recent theoretical work concerning the role the Bose condensate has on the dynamical properties of superfluid 4He. A Bose broken symmetry is shown to be crucial in understanding why zero-sound-type density fluctuations play the role of quasi particles in the superfluid phase. A new unified treatment of long-range order in bulk Bose liquids and quasi-long-range order in Bose films is given. In addition, the strong evidence we now have concerning the existence and magnitude of the Bose condensate is critically reviewed. This includes (i) determination of the momentum distribution from inelastic neutron scattering and (ii) recent finite-temperature Monte Carlo calculations of the condensate fraction n0(T)and the normal-fluid density ρN(T).

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25

Krasnov, V. O. "Fermion Spectrum Of Bose-Fermi-Hubbard Model In The Phase With Bose-Einstein Condensate." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 60, no. 5 (2015): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe60.05.0443.

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26

Pereira, Lucas Carvalho, and Valter Aragão do Nascimento. "Dynamics of Bose–Einstein Condensates Subject to the Pöschl–Teller Potential through Numerical and Variational Solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii Equation." Materials 13, no. 10 (2020): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102236.

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We present for the first time an approach about Bose–Einstein condensates made up of atoms with attractive interatomic interactions confined to the Pöschl–Teller hyperbolic potential. In this paper, we consider a Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a cigar-shaped, and it was modeled by the mean field equation known as the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. An analytical (variational method) and numerical (two-step Crank–Nicolson) approach is proposed to study the proposed model of interatomic interaction. The solutions of the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation obtained in this paper confirmed, from a theoretical point of view, the possibility of the Pöschl–Teller potential to confine Bose–Einstein condensates. The chemical potential as a function of the depth of the Pöschl–Teller potential showed a behavior very similar to the cases of Bose–Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices and optical superlattices. The results presented in this paper can open the way for several applications in atomic and molecular physics, solid state physics, condensed matter physics, and material sciences.

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27

Tsuzuki, Satori, Eri Itoh, and Katsuhiro Nishinari. "Three-dimensional analysis of vortex-lattice formation in rotating Bose–Einstein condensates using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics." Journal of Physics Communications 7, no. 12 (2023): 121001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ad1598.

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Abstract Recently, we presented a new numerical scheme for vortex lattice formation in a rotating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with an explicit time-integrating scheme; our SPH scheme could reproduce the vortex lattices and their formation processes in rotating quasi-two-dimensional (2D) BECs trapped in a 2D harmonic potential. In this study, we have successfully demonstrated a simulation of rotating 3D BECs trapped in a 3D harmonic potential forming ‘cigar-shaped’ condensates. We have found that our scheme can reproduce the following typical behaviors of rotating 3D BECs observed in the literature: (i) the characteristic shape of the lattice formed in the cross-section at the origin and its formation process, (ii) the stable existence of vortex lines along the vertical axis after reaching the steady state, (iii) a ‘cookie-cutter’ shape, with a similar lattice shape observed wherever we cut the condensate in a certain range in the vertical direction, (iv) the bending of vortex lines when approaching the inner edges of the condensate, and (v) the formation of vortex lattices by vortices entering from outside the condensate. Therefore, we further validated our scheme by simulating rotating 3D BECs.

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28

Pham The, Song, Theu Luong Thi, and Thu Nguyen Van. "EPLETION DENSITY OF IDEAL GAS BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE BY TWO PARALLEL PLATES." Journal of Science Natural Science 65, no. 6 (2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2020-0032.

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By means of the second quantization formalism, the condensate density of an infinite Bose gas and finite Bose gas is studied in the broken phase. Our results show that the compactification in one-direction makes the remarkable changes in the condensate density.

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29

CHEN, ZENG-BING. "ATOM-OPTICAL BISTABILITY IN TRAPPED BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES." Modern Physics Letters B 14, no. 01 (2000): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984900000069.

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The close similarities between nonlinear optics and nonlinear atom optics motivate us to demonstrate the possibility of atom-optical bistability for a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate. Driven by an intense, coherent input matter wave, the trapped Bose–Einstein condensate might display the bistability when the Born–Markov master equation for the condensate mode is used. The atom-optical bistability provides a way to control atom lasers with atom lasers.

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30

Prayitno, Teguh Budi, Widyanirmala, Idrus Husin Belfaqih, T. E. K. Sutantyo, and I. Made Astra. "Longitudinal Profiles of Atom Laser Propagation in a Cigar-Shaped Trap." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.31.

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Focusing on the cigar-shaped trap model, we provide longitudinal profiles of a weakly outcoupled atom laser propagation both inside and outside the Bose-Einstein condensate regions. The propagation itself is generally represented by inhomogeneous Schrödinger equation which is derived from a set of Gross-Pitaevskii equations by applying the available conditions. We also show that by imposing boundary condition and using quantum oscillator model, energy of the outcoupled atom laser outside the Bose-Einstein condensate region is quantized while there is no analytical solution for the propagation of the outcoupled atom laser inside the Bose-Einstein condensate region.

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31

Gajda, Mariusz, and Kazimierz Rza̧żewski. "Fluctuations of Bose-Einstein Condensate." Physical Review Letters 78, no. 14 (1997): 2686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.78.2686.

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32

Damski, Bogdan, Krzysztof Sacha, and Jakub Zakrzewski. "Stirring a Bose Einstein condensate." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 35, no. 19 (2002): 4051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/35/19/308.

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33

Stein, Benjamin P. "A spinless Bose-Einstein condensate." Physics Today 56, no. 11 (2003): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796924.

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34

Vakarchuk, I. A. "Bose condensate in liquid He4." Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 65, no. 2 (1985): 1164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01017941.

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35

Zloshchastiev, Konstantin G. "Stability and Metastability of Trapless Bose-Einstein Condensates and Quantum Liquids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 72, no. 7 (2017): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0134.

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AbstractVarious kinds of Bose-Einstein condensates are considered, which evolve without any geometric constraints or external trap potentials including gravitational. For studies of their collective oscillations and stability, including the metastability and macroscopic tunneling phenomena, both the variational approach and the Vakhitov-Kolokolov (VK) criterion are employed; calculations are done for condensates of an arbitrary spatial dimension. It is determined that that the trapless condensate described by the logarithmic wave equation is essentially stable, regardless of its dimensionality, while the trapless condensates described by wave equations of a polynomial type with respect to the wavefunction, such as the Gross-Pitaevskii (cubic), cubic-quintic, and so on, are at best metastable. This means that trapless “polynomial” condensates are unstable against spontaneous delocalization caused by fluctuations of their width, density and energy, leading to a finite lifetime.

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36

Heinisch, Christoph, and Martin Holthaus. "Entropy Production Within a Pulsed Bose–Einstein Condensate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 71, no. 10 (2016): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2016-0073.

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AbstractWe suggest to subject anharmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensates to sinusoidal forcing with a smooth, slowly changing envelope, and to measure the coherence of the system after such pulses. In a series of measurements with successively increased maximum forcing strength, one then expects an adiabatic return of the condensate to its initial state as long as the pulses remain sufficiently weak. In contrast, once the maximum driving amplitude exceeds a certain critical value there should be a drastic loss of coherence, reflecting significant heating induced by the pulse. This predicted experimental signature is traced to the loss of an effective adiabatic invariant, and to the ensuing breakdown of adiabatic motion of the system’s Floquet state when the many-body dynamics become chaotic. Our scenario is illustrated with the help of a two-site model of a forced bosonic Josephson junction, but should also hold for other, experimentally accessible configurations.

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Sekh, Golam Ali, and Benoy Talukdar. "Satyendra Nath Bose: quantum statistics to Bose-Einstein condensation." Moldavian Journal of the Physical Sciences 22, no. 1 (2023): 11–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53081/mjps.2023.22-1.01.

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Satyendra Nath (S.N.) Bose is one of the great Indian scientists. His remarkable work on the black body radiation or derivation of Planck’s law led to quantum statistics, in particular, the statistics of photon. Albert Einstein applied Bose’s idea to a gas made of atoms and predicted a new state of matter now called Bose-Einstein condensate. It took 70 years to observe the predicted condensation phenomenon in the laboratory. With a brief introduction to the formative period of Professor Bose, this research survey begins with the founding works on quantum statistics and, subsequently, provides a brief account of the series of events terminating in the experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensation. We also provide two simple examples to visualize the role of synthetic spin-orbit coupling in a quasi-one-dimensional condensate with attractive atom-atom interaction.

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38

BONINSEGNI, MASSIMO. "BOSE CONDENSATION IN A RESTRICTED GEOMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 10n11 (2001): 1659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201006161.

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A theoretical investigation is carried out of the ground state of a finite assembly of Hose hard spheres enclosed in a spherical cavity. Total and condensate radial densities are computed, and the non-uniform condensate is studied as a function of the number of particles in the cavity. Comparison with mean-field results is made. Possible experimental implications are discussed.

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Cheng, Ze. "Exact breather solutions of repulsive Bose atoms in a one-dimensional harmonic trap." International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, no. 10 (2018): 1850100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118501000.

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Bose–Einstein condensates of repulsive Bose atoms in a one-dimensional harmonic trap are investigated within the framework of a mean field theory. We solve the one-dimensional nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation that describes atomic Bose–Einstein condensates. As a result, we acquire a family of exact breather solutions of the GP equation. We numerically calculate the number density [Formula: see text] of atoms that is associated with these solutions. The first discovery of the calculation is that at the instant of the saddle point, the density profile exhibits a sharp peak with extremely narrow width. The second discovery of the calculation is that in the center of the trap ([Formula: see text] m), the number density is a U-shaped function of the time [Formula: see text]. The third discovery of the calculation is that the surface plot of the density [Formula: see text] likes a saddle surface. The fourth discovery of the calculation is that as the number [Formula: see text] of atoms increases, the Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional harmonic trap becomes stabler and stabler.

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Ivanov, S. K., and A. M. Kamchatnov. "Motion of dark solitons in a non-uniform flow of Bose–Einstein condensate." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 11 (2022): 113142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123514.

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We study motion of dark solitons in a non-uniform one-dimensional flow of a Bose–Einstein condensate. Our approach is based on Hamiltonian mechanics applied to the particle-like behavior of dark solitons in a slightly non-uniform and slowly changing surrounding. In one-dimensional geometry, the condensate’s wave function undergoes the jump-like behavior across the soliton, and this leads to generation of the counterflow in the background condensate. For a correct description of soliton’s dynamics, the contributions of this counterflow to the momentum and energy of the soliton are taken into account. The resulting Hamilton equations are reduced to the Newton-like equation for the soliton’s path, and this Newton equation is solved in several typical situations. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical calculations.

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PARANJAPE, V. V., P. V. PANAT, and S. V. LAWANDE. "AMPLIFICATION OF A BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATE BY AN ATOMIC BEAM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 25 (2003): 4465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203022854.

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Law and Bigelow have proposed an elegant scheme for the amplification of a beam of atoms by utilizing the coupling between the beam and the Bose–Einstein condensate. The condensate, trapped in an optical cavity is subjected to a laser excitation. The Raman interaction is used to transfer the atoms from the condensate to the atomic beam in an energy conserving transitions involving the absorption of a laser quantum and simultaneous emission of a cavity mode. We show that the process put forward by Law and Biglow can be reversed such that the atoms in the beam can be used as a source to increase the size of the condensate. Explicit expressions for the amplification of the condensate are derived.

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FORTIN, EMERY, and MATHIEU MASSE. "SPATIALLY DEPENDENT AMPLIFICATION OF AN EXCITONIC BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE IN Cu2O." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 28n30 (2001): 3601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920100824x.

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Experimental results are presented on the spatial dependence of amplification of a travelling Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons in Cu 2 O . The exciton condensate is created at T = 1.8 K by high intensity pulsed laser illumination (λ = 532 nm). Amplification of the moving condensate is triggered by the local, time-delayed injection of thermal excitons created by a lateral laser pulse tuned at the 1S orthoexciton resonance (λ = 609.48 nm), perpendicular to the path of the condensate. The amplification factor depends on the trigger time of the lateral laser pulse and is related to the stimulated scattering into the condensate of non-condensed excitons present in the crystal volume. A spatial correlation is also observed between the amplification factor and the optical attenuation of the lateral laser radiation induced by the passing condensate.

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Ryzhov, V. N., and E. E. Tareyeva. "Bose condensate of ultracold atoms in traps: Bose-bose and bose-fermi mixtures." Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 154, no. 1 (2008): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11232-008-0011-1.

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Berman, Gennady P., Vyacheslav N. Gorshkov, Vladimir I. Tsifrinovich, Marco Merkli, and Xidi Wang. "Bose–Einstein condensate of ultra-light axions as a candidate for the dark matter galaxy halos." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 30 (2019): 1950361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319503619.

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We suggest that the dark matter halo in some of the spiral galaxies can be described as the ground state of the Bose–Einstein condensate of ultra-light self-gravitating axions. We have also developed an effective “dissipative” algorithm for the solution of nonlinear integro-differential Schrödinger equation describing self-gravitating Bose–Einstein condensate. The mass of an ultra-light axion is estimated.

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LIU, SHUJUAN, HONGWEI XIONG, and LEI WANG. "PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE PHASE OF A BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATE." Modern Physics Letters B 18, no. 04 (2004): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984904006755.

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For temperatures far below the critical temperature, the probability distribution of the phase of a Bose–Einstein condensate is investigated for the phase diffusion process due to collective excitations spontaneously created from the condensate. Our results show that the phase diffusion decreases with the increasing of the particle number in the condensate.

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Zloshchastiev, Konstantin G. "Sound Propagation in Cigar-Shaped Bose Liquids in the Thomas-Fermi Approximation: A Comparative Study between Gross-Pitaevskii and Logarithmic Models." Fluids 7, no. 11 (2022): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7110358.

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A comparative study is conducted of the propagation of sound pulses in elongated Bose liquids and Bose-Einstein condensates in Gross-Pitaevskii and logarithmic models, by means of the Thomas-Fermi approximation. It is demonstrated that in the linear regime the propagation of small density fluctuations is essentially one-dimensional in both models, in the direction perpendicular to the cross section of a liquid’s lump. Under these approximations, it is demonstrated that the speed of sound scales as a square root of particle density in the case of the Gross-Pitaevskii liquid/condensate, but it is constant in a case of the homogeneous logarithmic liquid.

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Mazuz-Harpaz, Yotam, Kobi Cohen, Michael Leveson, et al. "Dynamical formation of a strongly correlated dark condensate of dipolar excitons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 37 (2019): 18328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903374116.

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Strongly interacting bosons display a rich variety of quantum phases, the study of which has so far been focused in the dilute regime, at a fixed number of particles. Here we demonstrate the formation of a dense Bose–Einstein condensate in a long-lived dark spin state of 2D dipolar excitons. A dark condensate of weakly interacting excitons is very fragile, being unstable against a coherent coupling of dark and bright spin states. Remarkably, we find that strong dipole–dipole interactions stabilize the dark condensate. As a result, the dark phase persists up to densities high enough for a dark quantum liquid to form. The striking experimental observation of a step-like dependence of the exciton density on the pump power is reproduced quantitatively by a model describing the nonequilibrium dynamics of driven coupled dark and bright condensates. This unique behavior marks a dynamical condensation to dark states with lifetimes as long as a millisecond, followed by a brightening transition at high densities.

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ZHANG, CUILING, LEI TAN, and KUNYAN ZHU. "CRITICAL TEMPERATURE OF TRAPPED INTERACTING BOSE GASES." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 12 (2009): 1499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490901965x.

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A new model is proposed to study the effect of mutual interaction revealed in a recent experiment.1 Unlike conventional Hartree–Fock theory, which only studies onset interactions between indistinguishable interacting bosons, our model further includes the mutual interaction between the condensate component and the thermal component. The derived condensate fraction and transition temperature explain the experimental data in a reliable manner.

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49

McPhail, A. V. H., and M. D. Hoogerland. "A Bose–Einstein condensate is a Bose condensate in the laboratory ground state." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 477, no. 2254 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2021.0465.

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Bose–Einstein condensates of weakly interacting, ultra-cold atoms have become a workhorse for exploring quantum effects on atomic motion, but does this condensate need to be in the ground state of the system? Researchers often perform transformations so that their Hamiltonians are easier to analyse. However, changing Hamiltonians can require an energy shift. We show that transforming into a rotating or oscillating frame of reference of a Bose condensate does not then satisfy Einstein’s requirement that a condensate exists in the zero kinetic energy state. We show that Bose condensation can occur above the ground state and at room temperature, referring to recent literature.

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Sen, Soham, and Sunandan Gangopadhyay. "Quantum nature of gravity in a Bose-Einstein condensate." Physical Review D 111, no. 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.066002.

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The effect of noise induced by gravitons on a Bose-Einstein condensate has been explored in Sen and Gangopadhyay [Probing the quantum nature of gravity using a Bose-Einstein condensate, ]. In the previous paper, we investigated the effects of graviton while detecting a gravitational wave using a Bose-Einstein condensate. In this work, we shall explicitly calculate the decoherence due to the noise of gravitons for maximally entangled momentum states of the Bose-Einstein condensate. This decoherence happens due to bremsstrahlung from the Bose-Einstein condensates due to the effect of the noise induced by gravitons. It is observed that the maximally entangled state becomes entangled with the graviton state and it decays over time as a result of this gravitational bremsstrahlung. This new entangled state is termed as a Bose-Einstein supercondensate. Using this property of the Bose-Einstein condensate in a quantum gravity background, we propose an experimental test via the use of atom lasers (generated from the condensate) which would, in principle, help to detect gravitons in future generations of very advanced ultracold temperature experiments. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

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