Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bose-Einstein condensation. Superfluidity'
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Fletcher, Richard Jonathan. "Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity in two dimensions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709200.
Full textNaik, Devang S. "Bose-Einstein Condensation: Building the Testbeds to Study Superfluidity." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-09072006-141453/.
Full textDavidovic, Dragomir, Committee Member ; Kennedy, T.A. Brian, Committee Member ; Chapman, Mike, Committee Member ; Raman, Chandra, Committee Chair ; Bunz, Uwe, Committee Member.
Jackson, Brian. "Vortices in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4241/.
Full textBoţan, Vitalie. "Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnetic Excitons in Semiconductor Quantum Wells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7112.
Full textIn this thesis regimes of quantum degeneracy of electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum wells in a strong magnetic field are studied theoretically. The coherent pairing of electrons and holes results in the formation of Bose-Einstein condensate of magnetic excitons in a single-particle state with wave vector K. We show that correlation effects due to coherent excitations drastically change the properties of excitonic gas, making possible the formation of a novel metastable state of dielectric liquid phase with positive compressibility consisting of condensed magnetoexcitons with finite momentum. On the other hand, virtual transitions to excited Landau levels cause a repulsive interaction between excitons with zero momentum, and the ground state of the system in this case is a Bose condensed gas of weakly repulsive excitons. We introduce explicitly the damping rate of the exciton level and show that three different phases can be realized in a single quantum well depending on the exciton density: excitonic dielectric liquid surrounded by weakly interacting gas of condensed excitons versus metallic electron-hole liquid. In the double quantum well system the phase transition from the excitonic dielectric liquid phase to the crystalline state of electrons and holes is predicted with the increase of the interwell separation and damping rate.
We used a framework of Green's function to investigate the collective elementary excitations of the system in the presence of Bose-Einstein condensate, introducing "anomalous" two-particle Green's functions and symmetry breaking terms into the Hamiltonian. The analytical solution of secular equation was obtained in the Hartree-Fock approximation and energy spectra were calculated. The Coulomb interactions in the system results in a multiple-branch structure of the collective excitations energy spectrum. Systematic classification of the branches is proposed, and the condition of the stability of the condensed excitonic phase is discussed.
Harutinian, Jorge Amin Seman. "Study of excitations in a Bose-Einstein condensate." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-24102011-140439/.
Full textNeste trabalho, estudamos um condensado de Bose-Einstein de átomos de 87Rb sob os efeitos de uma excitação oscilatória. O condensado é produzido por meio de resfriamento evaporativo por radiofreqüência em uma armadilha magnética harmônica. A excitação é gerada por um campo quadrupolar oscilatório sobreposto ao potencial de aprisionamento. Para um valor fixo da freqüência de excitação, observamos a produção de diferentes regimes no condensado como função de dois parâmetros da excitação, a saber, o tempo e a amplitude. Para os valores mais baixos destes parâmetros observamos a inclinação do eixo principal do condensado, isto demonstra que a excitação transfere momento angular à amostra. Ao aumentar o tempo ou a amplitude da excitação observamos a nucleação de um número crescente de vórtices quantizados. Se incrementarmos ainda mais o valor dos parâmetros da excitação, os vórtices evoluem para um novo regime que identificamos como turbulência quântica. Neste regime, os vórtices se encontram emaranhados entre si, dando origem a um arranjo altamente irregular. Para os valores mais altos da excitação o condensado se quebra em pedaços rodeados por uma nuvem térmica. Isto constitui um novo regime que identificamos como a granulação do condensado. Apresentamos simulações numéricas junto com outras considerações teóricas que nos permitem interpretar as nossas observações. Nesta tese, apresentamos ainda a descrição da montagem de um segundo sistema experimental cujo objetivo é o de estudar propriedades magnéticas de um condensado de Bose-Einstein de 87Rb. Neste novo sistema o condensado é produzido em uma armadilha híbrida composta por uma armadilha magnética junto com uma armadilha óptica de dipolo. A condensação de Bose-Einstein foi já observada neste novo sistema, os experimentos serão realizados no futuro próximo.
Morgan, Samuel Alexander. "A gapless theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases at finite temperature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302178.
Full textRota, Riccardo. "Path Integral Monte Carlo and Bose-Einstein condensation in quantum fluids and solids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/70010.
Full textDang, Suzanne. "Exploration de la transition Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless avec des excitons dipolaires." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS385/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of a two dimensional exciton gas created in a semiconductordouble quantum wells. Thanks to an electric field applied perpendicular to these layers,the exciton constituents, namely, the electron and the hole, are confined each in one quantumwell so that excitons inherit a strong electric dipole. In this manuscript, we study the propertiesof such exciton gas trapped at very low temperature, through the photoluminescence emittedby electron-hole recombinations. We particularly study the emitted light using spectroscopic andinterferometric techniques. Thus, we explore the thermodynamics of a trapped gas and quantifyits equation of state. We unveil an important feature: the universality of the equation of state,which allows the first demonstration of thermodynamic equilibrium for excitons, and we realizea direct measurement of the excitons dipolar interaction strength. By probing both the spatialcoherence and the density of defects of the excitons photoluminescence, we show that it exists acentral region (R < 3 μm) in an exciton trap where a high degree of spatial coherence is conditionedby a decrease of the defects density. Our experiments thus provide a set of evidences pointingtowards a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition for trapped 2D exciton gas
Chomaz, Lauriane. "Cohérence et Superfluidité de gaz de Bose en dimension réduite : des pièges harmoniques aux fluides uniformes." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0013/document.
Full textThe dimensionality of a system strongly affects its physical properties; the phase transitions that takeplace and the type of order that arises depend on the dimension. In low dimensional systems phasecoherence proves more difficult to achieve as both thermal and quantum fluctuations play a strongerrole. The two-dimensional Bose fluid is of particular interest as even if full order is precluded, a residual"quasi-long" range order arises at low temperatures. Then two ingredients have a significant effecton the state of the system: (i) the finite size of a real system enables one to recover of a macroscopicoccupation of a single-particle state; (ii) the interactions between particles lead to the emergence of anon-conventional type of phase transition toward a superfluid state.In this thesis, we present an experimental study of the two-dimensional (2D) Bose gas using two differentenergy landscapes to trap our atoms. In the first part, we use the spatial dependence of somelocal properties of an inhomogeneous gas to characterize the state of the equivalent homogeneous system.We extract its equation of state with a high accuracy from the gas density profiles and test itssuperfluid behavior by measuring the heating induced by a moving local perturbation. In the secondpart, we observe and characterize the emergence of an extended phase coherence in a 2D homogeneousgas in particular via a 3D-to-2D dimensional crossover. We investigate the dynamical establishment ofthe coherence via a rapid crossing of the dimensional crossover and observe topological defects in thefinal superfluid state. We compare our findings with the predictions for the Kibble–Zurek mechanism
Zhang, Wei. "Triplet Superfluidity in Quasi-one-dimensional Conductors and Ultra-cold Fermi Gases." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14139.
Full textVictorin, Nicolas. "Gaz quantiques à plusieurs composantes sous champ de jauge." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY049.
Full textThe first observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in dilute atomic vapors has been a breakthrough both fundamentally, verifying theoretical concept predicted by Bose and Einstein several decades ago, revealing the statistical property of quantum particles. Since then, a new field has emerged and experimentalists are able to study this artificial matter in a very clean and controllable way. Cold-atom systems allows us to explore a whole range of fundamental phenomena that are extremely difficult or impossible to study in real materials, such as Bloch oscillation, Mott-superfluid transition, topology of band structure, orbital magnetism just to name a few. These progresses allow the quantum simulation of a large class of Hamiltonians subjected to magnetic field. Indeed, condensed matter phenomena under strong magnetic fields are still intriguing and are at the center of modern research. For instance, topological states of matter are realized in quantum Hall systems. A ladder is the simplest geometry where one can get some insight on two-dimensional quantum systems subjected to a synthetic gauge field.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of double ring ladder subjected to gauge fluxes.Through both numerical and analytical calculation we explore the phase diagram of the system revealing known phases such as Meissner, vortex and biased ladder phase and the effect of commensurability of the total flux. Thanks to Bogoliubov approximation we are able to derive the excitation spectrum of the system and the nature of the low energy modes in the different phases revealing supersolid features as well as Josephson oscillation between the rings. The regime of infinite interaction between the boson enabled us to use exact mapping into fermions using Jordan-Wigner transformation to characterize the properties of the ground state. We explore the intermediate regime of interactions. Thanks to mode expansion and re-fermionization approach of the bosonized Hamiltonian of the double ring under gauge flux, we show the peculiarities of finite size periodic boundary condition on the current in the double ring with a rotating barrier inducing gauge flux.Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities constitute an amazing playground to study quantum fluids of light where remarkable effects, similar to those observed in cold atoms experiments, arise. Even though this quantum fluid of light is assumed to be composed, almost, upon pure condensate, the non-equilibrium nature of the gas make the comparison with typical condensates in cold atom experiment rather non trivial.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of excitons-polariton in honeycomb lattice. One of the most interesting aspect of the honeycomb lattice problem is that its low-energy excitations are massless, chiral, Dirac particles. Exciton-polariton, which are composite particle of light, in this lattice get back the relativist character of light but in a context where condensation is possible. Features of bosons in honeycomb lattice including retarded Green’s functions, Brillouin-zone selection mechanism and link between geometry of the lattice. We show that decay mode are suppressed as a consequence of the symmetry of the lattice leading to the possibility to engineer polaritonic dark-state. Then we obtain the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum of exciton-polariton. The usual bistability curve is shown to be unstable above C point showing the break-down of mean-field theory because of possible highly non-classical state. Finally experiment and theory are compared
Fedorov, Aleksey. "Non-conventional Many-body Phases in Ultracold Dipolar Systems." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS580/document.
Full textThe problem of revealing anddescribing novel macroscopic quantum statescharacter- ized by exotic and non-conventionalproperties is of fundamental importance formodern physics. Such states offer fascinatingprospects for potential applications in quantumin- formation processing, quantum simulation,and material research. In the present Thesis wedevelop a theory for describing nonconventionalphases of ultracold dipolar gases.The related systems of large-spin atoms, polarmolecules, and dipolar excitons in semiconductorsare actively studied in experiments.We put the main emphasis on revealing the roleof the long-range character of the dipole-dipoleinteraction.We consider the effect of rotonization for a 2Dweakly interacting gas of tilted dipolar bosonsin a homogeneous layer. We predict the effectof rotonization for a weakly correlated Bosegas of dipolar excitons in a semiconductorlayer and calculate the stability diagram. Wethen consider p-wave superfluids of identicalfermions in 2D lattices. Finally, we discussanother interesting novel superfluid offermionic polar molecules
Männel, Michael. "Condensation phenomena in interacting Fermi and Bose gases." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-77738.
Full textAlamir, Ardavan. "Dynamique des gaz quantiques ultrafroids dans des milieux aléatoires corrélés." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974590.
Full textSensarma, Rajdeep. "A theoretical study of strongly interacting superfluids and superconductors." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186581954.
Full textGallemí, Camacho Albert. "The physics of rotational atomic and photonic quantum fluids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459248.
Full textEn aquesta tesi estudiarem fenòmens relacionats amb la superfluïdesa de sistemes atòmics i fotònics condensats, a través de la manipulació d'estats rotacionals, com poden ser vòrtexs i corrents persistents. Estudiarem condensats de Bose-Einstein tant en sistemes fortament correlacionats, on models basats en la segona quantització com el model de Bose-Hubbard seran necessaris per a estudiar aquest tipus de sistemes, com en sistemes feblement interactuants, on les aproximacions de camp mig resultaran prou acurades, i on el sistema pot ser descrit per l'equació de Gross-Pitaevskii. Començarem amb l'anàlisi de les propietats fonamentals de sistemes de gasos bosònics atrapats en xarxes constituïdes per pocs pous. Per exemple, el diagrama de fases, les fraccions condensades, i l'entrellaçament. Pel que respecta a les fases, estudiarem les propietats de les transicions entre aquestes, i en particular, els exponents crítics que les caracteritzen. Més endavant, adaptarem la geometria del sistema com un sistema de pous formant un anell, i estudiarem l'efecte de manipular la junció que uneix dos d'ells. Aquest tipus d'unió manipulable és el que s'anomena weak link, i analitzarem què succeeix en l'aproximació de camp mig, en comparació amb el cas fortament correlacionat. En tots dos casos observarem que el weak link resulta ser un element crucial en el sistema, per a realitzar superposicions d'estats de corrent. A més a més, en el cas de camp mig, podrem identificar una barrera energètica que separa els dos estats de corrent, on hi habiten estats de tipus solitònic, és a dir, estats caracteritzats per la presència de singularitats topològiques. Aquesta barrera serà la causant de la presència d'un cicle d'histèresi, en processos de trànsit entre diferents corbes de corrent, anomenats phase slips. A continuació, estudiarem el cas de dues components d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein acoblades de manera coherent i atrapades en un potencial de tipus toroidal. Veurem que quan imprimim un corrent persistent en una de les components, hi ha una transferència de moment angular entre les dues components. Aquesta transferència pot ser identificada com esdeveniments de tipus phase slip. Investigarem com aquests sistemes són prou robusts com per a fer-se servir com qubits, donat que els estats de corrent són menys fràgils. En condensats de dues components acoblades de manera coherent, és possible trobar un tipus d'estat solitònic anomenat Josephson vortex. Aquest estat ve caracteritzat per una depressió de densitat entorn d'un punt on les corrents són no nul·les. A més a més, aquests estats són energèticament més favorables que els estats de tipus dark soliton, els quals es diferencien en el fet de que no presenten corrents. En el cas en el qual afegim acoblament de tipus spí-òrbita en el sistema, els estats de tipus dark soliton ja no són possibles, i només es poden trobar estats de tipus Josephson vortex. En aquesta tesi veurem que aquests estats decauen a causa d'excitacions transversals, produint parelles de vòrtex-antivòrtex, llur evolució dinàmica dependrà de la orientació inicial del Josephson vortex. Per acabar, concluïrem l'estudi en el camp de condensats de polaritons, els quals són quasipartícules producte de l'acoblament de fotons i excitons (que són acoblaments electró-forat) en cavitats semiconductores. Els polaritons poden formar un condensat de Bose-Einstein fora d'equilibri, degut a la curta vida dels polaritons. A més a més, poden ser descrits per una equació de tipus Gross-Pitaevskii però per a dues components, donades les components de polarització inherent de la naturalesa fotònica dels polaritons. Les cavitats on es formen aquests condensats generen un acoblament de tipus espín-òrbita entre les dues components, que permet acoblar estats de diferent moment angular entre les dues components. Això dóna lloc a un fenomen de conversió de moment angular d'espín en moment angular orbital que estudiarem en polaritons confinats en forma d'anell, i finalment provarem la superfluïdesa dels condensats polaritònics, analitzant la resposta dels corrents generats davant la presència de desordre.
Zhang, Dongqing. "Aspects of cold bosonic atoms with a large scattering length." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164823171.
Full textMicaletti, Pietro. "Vorticosità nei condensati di Bose-Einstein." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21194/.
Full textLarré, Pierre-Élie. "Fluctuations quantiques et effets non-linéaires dans les condensats de Bose-Einstein : des ondes de choc dispersives au rayonnement de Hawking acoustique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875349.
Full textMargotti, Lorenzo. "BEC e superfluidità: analogie e differenze." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16940/.
Full textBoughdad, Omar. "Fluides de lumière dans un milieu non-linéaire photoréfractif." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4014.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental study of hydrodynamical phenomena of a laser propagating nonlinearly. For a medium presenting an intensity-dependent refractive index, and in the frame of the paraxial approximation, The intensity of the laser beam is equivalent to a density of a fluid, the propagation direction is seen as a time evolution of the fluid as well as the phase gradient of the laser beam defines a flow velocity and the nonlinear refractive index change allows defining a sound velocity of the fluid. Under this analogy, we call the propagating laser beam a fluid of light. In this thesis, we provide a study of the superfluidity concept of a fluid of light in a selfdefocusing regime of the nonlinearity. It is defined as the absence of diffraction when the fluid of light encounters an obstacle. The parameters which control the superfluid transition are: the flow velocity as well as the sound velocity. They are controlled respectively through the wave vector and the intensity of the laser beam. In the frame of this analogy, we also present in this thesis a study of vortex shedding regime as a result of the interaction between the fluid of light and the obstacle. Here, the obstacle is considered to be strong. When twice the flow velocity at the poles of the obstacle is larger than the sound velocity, pairs of vortex/anti-vortex are emitted demonstrating a hydrodynamical behaviour of the fluid of light. In order to underline the nonlinear refractive index change, we also report in this thesis a study of the photorefractive effect using the self-phase modulation effect
Albert, Mathias. "Superfluidité et localisation quantique dans les condensats de Bose-Einstein unidimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508419.
Full textChevy, Frédéric. "Dynamique d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001305.
Full textDesbuquois, Rémi. "Thermal and superfluid properties of the two-dimensional Bose gas." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066068.
Full textLes propriétés physiques d'un système homogène à l'équilibre thermodynamique sont fortement contraintes par sa dimensionnalité. Le gaz de Bose à deux dimensions est un système particulier de ce point de vue : bien que l'établissement d'un ordre à longue portée soit impossible à température non-nulle, il existe néanmoins une transition de phase vers un état superfluide à basse température. De plus, la dimensionnalité réduite du système rend son équation d'état invariante par changement d'échelle pour de faibles interactions atomiques répulsives. Dans ce manuscrit de thèse, nous présentons une étude expérimentale du gaz de Bose à deux dimensions. Nous mesurons son équation d'état de deux méthodes différentes, et trouvons un résultat en bon accord avec les prédictions analytiques et numériques. Ces résultats ont également permis de confirmer l'invariance d'échelle du système. De plus, l'une des méthodes ne nécessite qu'un seul paramètre ajustable pour la mesure de l'équation d'état. Nous présentons ensuite une mesure locale du caractère superfluide du gaz. A cet effet, nous avons mis en évidence l'absence de dissipation lors de la perturbation du système par un obstacle en mouvement. Enfin, nous effectuons une analyse des fluctuations du gaz de Bose 2D, qui a permis de confirmer la suppression des fluctuations de densité dans la phase superfluide, ainsi que le rôle dominant joué par les phonons dans les fluctuations de phase
Tarquini, Émilien. "Étude de modèles mathématiques pour les suprafluides et la condensation dans un gaz." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0117.
Full textThis PhD thesis is devoted to the existence, non-existence and to the study of qualitative properties of solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the presence of a potential or not, as well as those of different systems involving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The Gross-Pitaevskii equation is a model for studying the superfluidity, the Bose-Einstein condensates, the superconductivity, or the non-linear optics. First we focus on traveling wave solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and in particular we prove the existence of a lower bound of the energy associated with it. Then we consider the Gross-Pitaevskii equation submitted to a repulsive potential. For this equation, which models the flow of a fluid around a stationary obstacle, we study solitary waves and we demonstrate the existence of a sharp universal bound, as well as some existence and non-existence results. We also study the asymptotic behavior at infinity of finite energy solutions. In the third part, we study different systems involving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. In particular, we obtain various results about the existence and the non-existence for solitary waves and their generalizations
Moulieras, Simon. "Effets des non linéarités sur la propagation de la lumière : analogie avec les phénomènes de transport des Condensats de Bose-Einstein." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066637.
Full textLiennard, Thomas. "Construction d'un montage de condensation de Bose--Einstein de rubidium et étude théorique d'un superfluide en rotation dans un anneau." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667804.
Full textDe, rossi Camilla. "Gaz de Bose en dimension deux : modes collectifs, superfluidité et piège annulaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD060/document.
Full textDegenerate atomic gases can be a versatile tool to study superfluidity. They also offer the possibility to explore the low-dimensions physics, which is deeply different from the three dimensional case. We prepare a degenerate Bose gas in a very anisotropic trap, dynamically adjustable. A controlled deformation of the trapping potential can excite the collective modes of the trapped cloud. First we perform a « principal components analysis » of the gas and we show that the principal components coincide with the Bogoliubov modes. We then restrain our analysis on the scissors mode, which we use to probe superfluidity of the sample, by introducing a new analysis technique, called « local average analysis ». Finally I will report on the realization of a ring trap, obtained by superposing a double sheet light beam to a bubble trap, and describe the different possibilities we planned to set atoms into rotation
Albergamo, Francesco. "Etude par diffusion de neutrons des propriétés dynamiques de l'hélium liquide confiné dans des milieux poreux." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112248.
Full textThe study of liquid helium confined into porous materials should allow for a better understanding of the relation between superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation, lacking, at present, of a satisfactory theoretical description. Experiments on confined liquid helium are quite difficult and samples should be prepared very carefully. One should know at best the confining material characteristics and should control the actual filling status of the porous sample. To achieve this condition, we added an experimental stage to the procedure commonly used in the studies conducted insofar. We conducted helium adsortion isotherms on each porous sample supposed to be used as a confining sample. In this way we were able to know, with a high degree of precision, the amount of helium necessary to fill the porous sample. We also get information on macroscopic phenomena occurring during the filling procedure. Some experimental tricks have been used in order to avoid condensation of liquid helium into the injection pipe. .
Guéry-Odelin, David. "REFROIDISSEMENT PAR EVAPORATION D'UN JET D'ATOMES FROIDS GUIDE MAGNETIQUEMENT. DYNAMIQUE DES GAZ D'ATOMES FROIDS PIEGES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112221.
Full textscientifiques depuis ma soutenance de thèse. Au cours de cette
période, mon activité de recherche a été double : (i) j'ai pris en
charge une nouvelle expérience visant à produire une source
continue d'ondes de matière cohérentes, et (ii) j'ai développé des
outils analytiques pour cerner la dynamique des gaz d'atomes
froids piégés.
Dans notre projet expérimental, un jet d'atomes froids et lents
mais non dégénéré est couplé à un guide magnétique le long duquel
un refroidissement par évaporation est mis en oeuvre. En d'autres
termes, nous essayons de transposer les aspects temporels du
protocole d'obtention des condensats de Bose Einstein dans le
domaine spatial : dans notre montage les atomes sont
progressivement refroidis grâce à des zones de refroidissement
séparées spatialement. Une telle démarche doit permettre d'obtenir
un flux continu d'atomes condensés. Une source de ce type, dont
les propriétés sont radicalement différentes de celles d'une
source thermique, pourrait constituer un outil de choix pour de
nombreuses expériences. Les horlosges atomiques, les
interféromètres à ondes de matière, l'holographie atomique ou
encore la nanolithographie sont autant de domaines qui peuvent
potentiellement bénéficier d'amélioration par l'usage d'une source
continue et cohérente d'atomes froids.
Dans le premier chapitre, je décris les différentes parties du
dispositif expérimental et les premiers résultats que nous avons
obtenus. Deux sources d'atomes ont été étudiées pour alimenter
efficacement un piège magnéto-optique anisotrope qui sert
d'injecteur d'atomes froids dans le guide magnétique : (i) un
piège magnéto-optique purement bi-dimensionnel avec des faisceaux
de refroidissement d'intensité relativement élevée , et (ii) un
ralentisseur à effet Zeeman placé en sortie d'un four effusif à
recirculation. Cette dernière source a permis de mesurer un taux
de chargement de l'injecteur de $4\times 10^{10}$ atomes par
seconde. Le confinement magnétique dans l'injecteur est assuré par
un gradient de champ magnétique, alors que le lancement exploite
la technique de la mélasse en mouvement. Le guide magnétique, dont
l'entrée est placée à quelques centimètres seulement de
l'injecteur, procure un gradient de confinement élevé sans altérer
aucunement les performances de l'injecteur. Nous avons démontré,
et pour la première fois, l'alimentation en continu d'un guide
magnétique. Pour optimiser le transfert d'atomes, nous avons
étudié différents protocoles de couplage en mode continu comme en
mode pulsé. Les caractéristiques de notre jet atomique guidé sont
désormais les suivantes : un flux de $7\times 10^9$ atomes par
seconde, une température de 400 micro K pour un confinement
transverse de 600 Gauss/cm, et une vitesse moyenne de 1 m/s.
Le deuxième chapitre est dédié à la physique des collisions au
sein du jet d'atomes guidé magnétiquement. Nous présentons tout
d'abord une nouvelle technique spectroscopique de mesure de la
température du jet. Grâce à deux antennes radio-fréquences
disposées le long du guide, nous avons pu mettre le jet dans un
état hors d'équilibre, puis suivre le retour à l'équilibre grâce à
l'antenne placée en aval. Cette expérience montre le phénomène de
thermalisation dans un régime collisionnel dominé par les ondes d.
Dans une deuxième série d'expériences, le jet a été ralenti à une
vitesse de 60 cm/s grâce à une pente appliquée sur la première
partie du guide magnétique. Le taux de collisions relativement
élevé a permis d'amorcer le refroidissement par évaporation forcé.
Une réduction de la température par un facteur 4 a ainsi été
obtenue, correspondant à un gain en densité dans l'espace des
phases d'un ordre de grandeur.
Le dernier chapitre est consacré au développement de méthodes
analytiques pour caractériser la dynamique des gaz piégés. Nous
mis au point essentiellement deux outils. Le premier est la
méthode dite des moyennes. Il a permis d'étudier les oscillations
collectives d'un gaz classique, la mise en rotation d'un gaz par
le biais d'une anisotropie tournante, et la dynamique de
rethermalisation d'un mélange de gaz d'atomes froids. Cet outil a
pu être étendu au cas d'un condensat de Bose Einstein dans le
régime de Thomas-Fermi. Il a ainsi été possible d'étudier le mode
ciseau. Ce mode d'oscillation pendulaire révèle les propriétés de
superfluidité d'un condensat de Bose Einstein. Le deuxième outil
que nous avons développé repose sur des solutions approchées par
changement d'échelle de l'équation de Boltzmann. Nous avons montré
ainsi que les temps de relaxation pertinents pour décrire
l'amortissement des oscillations collectives d'un gaz classique
piégé, et les expériences de temps de vol sont intimement reliés.
Les deux méthodes que nous avons élaborées permettent de décrire
également tous les régimes collisionnels, et en particulier la
transition d'un régime sans collision à un régime hydrodynamique.
L'essentiel de nos prédictions théoriques a été utilisé soit pour
analyser, expliquer ou extraire des informations de données
expérimentales. Les outils que nous avons développés ont par
ailleurs été largement utilisés et adaptés pour traiter des
problèmes connexes de notre communauté.
Merloti, Karina. "Condensat de Bose-Einstein dans un piège habillé : modes collectifs d'un superfluide en dimension deux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949914.
Full textCavicchioli, Luca. "Generazione e caratterizzazione dinamica di potenziali ottici mediante un dispositivo a microspecchi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16951/.
Full textDe, Goër de Herve Mathieu. "Superfluid dynamics of annular Bose gases." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD056.
Full textThe irrotational nature of superfluids leads to spectacular rotational properties. For the fluid to rotate, its density must locally vanish at a singular point called a quantum vortex. The annular geometry is of great interest for studying superfluidity as the gas can rotate in this geometry around a central hole without requiring any singularity, allowing the existence of persistent currents along the ring with a quantized circulation. In out experiment, we confine cold atoms dressed by a radiofrequency field in an adiabatic potential based on a quadrupolar magnetic trap. The resulting bubble-shaped potential, both very smooth and easily tunable, allows us to produce two types of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates. A first strategy consists in adding a far-detuned light sheet to confine the atoms at the intersection between the bubble and the horizontal plane imposed by the light field – i.e. a ring. We present the implementation and optimization of this trap and demonstrate the possibility to prepare and observe superfluid currents in the ring. A second path exploits the centrifugal force and the anharmonicity of the adiabatic potential to create an effective Mexican hat potential by rotating the trapped atoms at the bottom of the bubble faster than the trap frequency. After having realized such a system, we probe its quadrupolar modes to characterize the rotation. The study of vortex distribution in the rotating gas also shows a thermal melting effect of the finite temperature vortex lattice
Vergez, Guillaume. "Méthodes numériques avec des éléments finis adaptatifs pour la simulation de condensats de Bose-Einstein." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR014/document.
Full textThe phenomenon of condensation of a boson gas when cooled to zero degrees Kelvin was described by Einstein in 1925 based on work by Bose. Since then, many physicists, mathematicians and digitizers have been interested in the Bose-Einstein condensate and its superfluidity. We propose in this study numerical methods as well as a computer code for the simulation of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate.The main mathematical model describing this phenomenon is a Schrödinger equation with a cubic nonlinearity, discovered in 1961: the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. By using the software FreeFem++ and a finite elements spatial discretization we solve this equation numerically. The mesh adaptation to the solution and the use of finite elements of order two allow us to solve the problem finely and to explore complex configurations in two or three dimensions of space. For its stationary version, we have developed a Sobolev gradient method or an internal point method implemented in the Ipopt library. .For its unsteady version, we use a Time-Splitting method combined with a Crank-Nicolson scheme ora relaxation method. In order to study the dynamic and thermodynamic stability of a stationary state,the Bogoliubov-de Gennes model proposes a linearization of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation around this state. We have developed a method to solve this eigenvalues and eigenvector system, based on a Newton algorithm as well as the Arnoldi method implemented in the Arpack library
Desbuquois, Rémi. "Propriétés thermiques et superfluides du gaz de Bose à deux dimensions." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973469.
Full textCheneau, Marc. "Transition superfluide et potentiels géométriques dans le gaz de Bose bidimensionnel." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556002.
Full textAlbergamo, Francesco. "Etude par diffusion de neutrons des proprietes dynamiques de l'helium liquide confine dans des milieux poreux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006127.
Full text"Squeezing, entanglement and excitation spectra of BECs in optical lattices." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893208.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-100).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Liu, Xiaopi = Guang ge zi shi zhong bo se ai yin si tan ning ju ti de ya suo, jiu chan yu ji fa pu / Liu Xiaopi.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Review of Superfluidity and B.E. Condensation --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Our Understanding of superfluidity --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Non-classicality in Quantum Mechanics --- p.8
Chapter 2 --- One-Component BECs in optical lattices --- p.16
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction: The Hamiltonian --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- The Hamiltonian in Quasi-momentum space --- p.19
Chapter 2.3 --- Bogoliubov Method and Equation of Motion --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Squeezing and Condensation --- p.27
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Two-mode Entanglement and Squeezing --- p.31
Chapter 3 --- Matrix method approach to ground state BECs --- p.39
Chapter 3.1 --- Matrix method --- p.39
Chapter 3.2 --- Ground state and Particle Distribution --- p.42
Chapter 3.3 --- Correlation in Pair Ground State --- p.46
Chapter 4 --- Attractive BECs in optical lattices --- p.50
Chapter 5 --- 2-component BECs in optical lattice --- p.56
Chapter 5.1 --- Model Hamiltonian --- p.56
Chapter 5.2 --- Excitation Spectrum and Critical super-fluid velocity --- p.59
Chapter 5.3 --- Excitation spectrum and Phase Separation Dynamics --- p.63
Chapter 5.4 --- Excitation Spectrum for Asymmetric 2-component BECs --- p.67
Chapter 6 --- Multi-Mode Squeezing of 2-component BECs in optical lattices --- p.69
Chapter 6.1 --- Simultaneous Diagonalization --- p.69
Chapter 6.2 --- Equation of Motion and Variance Matrix --- p.70
Chapter 6.3 --- U(n) Squeezing of Variance Matrix --- p.75
Chapter 6.4 --- Squeezing in the case qA≠ qB and nA≠ nB --- p.82
Chapter 7 --- Entanglement between 2-component BECs in optical lattices --- p.83
Chapter 7.1 --- Variance matrix in block diagonal --- p.83
Chapter 7.2 --- 2-component entangled variance matrix --- p.86
Chapter 7.3 --- Logarithmic negativity --- p.89
Chapter 7.4 --- Beat oscillation mode of logarithmic negativity --- p.91
Chapter 8 --- Conclusion and Outlook --- p.95
Bibliography --- p.97