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1
Arnaut Haseljić, Meldijana. "Ka NATO putu – Od formiranja i ustrojstva Armije Republike Bosne i Hercegovine do Oružanih snaga Bosne i Hercegovine." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 10 (November 15, 2023): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.283.
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The concrete plans for the preparation and execution of aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina were drawn up by the General Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in Belgrade. The JNA, in conjunction with the political leadership of Serbia and Bosnian Serbs, defined the objectives, planned, and determined the tactics and methods of waging war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In response to the aggression and the need for the survival of the state and all its peoples who considered Bosnia and Herzegovina as their homeland, the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina emerged. The legally elected representatives of the authorities and institutions of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina had the obligation to protect the territorial integrity of the state, its citizens, economy, culture, and other assets. To make this possible, the Presidency of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina made a decision to mobilize units of the Territorial Defense, the reserve component of the police, and civil defense units, followed by the issuance of regulations by the Presidency to regulate the formation and composition of the armed forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thereby transforming the Territorial Defense into the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Army became the core of the formation of the Federation's military and later the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Today, Bosnia and Herzegovina's foreign policy is focused on preserving and advancing lasting peace, security, stable democratic development, and contributing to international peace and security. The principle of collective security is the cornerstone of the long-term military strategy. Achieving the military security of Bosnia and Herzegovina includes membership in NATO, where the Alliance guarantees national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The first step in this direction is membership in NATO's political-military program, Partnership for Peace (PfP), which Bosnia and Herzegovina joined on December 14, 2006. Membership in NATO and the European Union are strategic goals of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in line with this, there is a striving for full NATO membership, which implies the integration of the armed forces into NATO's military structure, especially in peacekeeping missions and humanitarian operations. The formal basis for PfP is the Framework Document, which envisions the commitment of allies to consult with each partner country that believes its territorial integrity is threatened or its political independence or security is in danger. Under this document, individual countries and the NATO Alliance develop and align individual partnership programs with the goal of achieving NATO standards, procuring military equipment, training and education of military personnel, joint maneuvers and exercises, and other areas of cooperation.
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Ožegović, Nikola. "The Yugoslav people's army in Banja Luka (1945-1992)." Vojno-istorijski glasnik, no. 1 (2022): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vig2201154o.
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In the military-territorial organization of Yugoslavia after the Second World War, Banja Luka was a part of the 6th Army, whose headquarters were in Sarajevo. In the beginning of 1948, from the former 6th Army, the 7th Military District was formed. The military area of Banja Luka was supposed to be the 5th Corps during the war. In 1983, 58 Yugoslav People's Army war units and 21 Territorial Defense war units were manned by conscripts and material and technical means from the territory of the Banja Luka municipality. As of 1990, the data on 50,624 conscripts in the municipality of Banja Luka were kept. A total of 4,568 conscripts or 2.28% of the total population of the municipality were engaged in all units of the Territorial Defense. For the needs of building the military infrastructure, the Roman Catholic monastery "Nazareth" was nationalized, and in several waves, thousands of Serbian peasants were evicted from the hilly and mountainous area of Manjaca. With the implementation of repressive measures, a wide area whose population belonged to the royalist movement during the Second World War was evicted, and the Yugoslav People's Army military training ground was built on it. Due to a combination of historical circumstances, Banja Luka has become an important center of military education. After the Resolution of the Inform Bureau, in September 1948, the Tank School Center (TSC) was moved from Bela Crkva in Banat, due to the proximity of the Romanian border, to Banja Luka. Over time, this institution developed into the Armored and Mechanized Units School Center "Petar Drapšin". Near Banja Luka, a significant demonstration exercise was performed as a part of the visit of the high US military delegation to Yugoslavia, which began in October 1951. During 1952, representatives of the US military mission visited two tank brigades and the Tank Officer School in Banja Luka. The Army played an important role in modernizing the undeveloped areas of the country, including the wider Banja Luka region, the Bosnian Krajina. Bosnia and Herzegovina benefited significantly from the establishment of the military industry in this republic, which was given strategic importance, due to the expected invasion from the East after 1948. A significant role in the military industry was played by the Aviation Institute 'Cosmos', which has been operating in Banja Luka since 1958. Most of the infrastructure and combat assets of the Fifth Corps of the YPA from Banja Luka were inherited by the First Krajina Corps of the Army of the Republic of Srpska, as the largest corps of the ARS, that played a key role in the defense of the Republic of Srpska during the civil war in the former SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Arnaut Haseljić, Meldijana. "Socijalno-statusni položaj braniteljki Armije Republike Bosne i Hercegovine." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 9 (June 20, 2023): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.9.271.
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The bilateral aggression perpetrated on the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina by its eastern and western neighbors produced the need for the defense of the state, its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Projected plans provided for the appropriation of territories, and alternatively the annexation of certain areas. Armed conflicts caused the commission of numerous war crimes, crimes against humanity and international law against the civilian population. In order to prevent the complete destruction of those who feel and perceive Bosnia and Herzegovina as their homeland, and the execution of genocide on the entire territory of the country, the bare-handed population self-organized. In the very beginnings, the organization was realized in the form of street guards armed with hunting rifles and/or personal pistols, which gradually grew into organizing at the local level, and by being integrated into the structure of the Territorial Defense of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which became the backbone of the creation of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Army represented the only official armed force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the goal of protecting the territorial integrity of the state, citizens, economic, cultural and other assets. In the ranks of the Army there were also 5,360 members of the fairer sex who showed enough courage to put themselves at their disposal in a personal capacity in the most difficult moments of the decisive defense of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. Among them, special piety goes to the winners of the Golden Lily award - 13 of them. A special honor and respect goes to a special group of women - those who, then, at a time when many were hiding and looking for a way to leave not only the defense line but also the homeland, voluntarily joined the ranks of the Army in order to participate and contribute to the fight for survival, whether they found themselves in combat units on the front line, penetrating enemy lines as saboteurs, scouts, unit commanders, nurses, or engaged in logistical and affiliated units, unit commands. Some of them did not see their freedom. Where are the brave women defenders today? The answer to this question is the topic of the conducted empirical research presented in the titled text, which contains the results of the processes carried out so far in the construction of the culture of memory, as well as the positioning of female volunteers/defenders in legal norms. These are two crucial centers of gravity that position female volunteers/defenders in today's sociological reality.
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Šadinlija, Mesud. "Od Teritorijalne odbrane do Armije – Formiranje Oružanih snaga u svjetlu odluka Predsjedništva Republike Bosne i Hercegovine." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 9 (June 20, 2023): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.9.258.
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The organization of the Yugoslav armed forces into two strategic components of which the Yugoslav People’s Army was one, while the others were made up from the territorial defence forces of the Yugoslav republics and autonomous regions, was a concept based on the idea of a massive and general popular resistance, modelled on the partisan movement from the times of the Second World War. From the outset their development and organizational forms were significantly determined, among other things, by the relationship between the unitarist and separatist tendencies and policies, which was a permanent feature of the complete development of the Yugoslav political system that had its final expression in the provisions of the Constitution of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia that had been adopted in 1974. The Constitution defined as the right and duty of municipalities, autonomous regions and republics that, in accordance with the system of people’s defence, each one could regulate and organize the people’s defence forces on its own territory. The Law on the people’s defence also delimited and stipulated that the relevant organs of the Federation established the basic plans concerning the development and implementation of Yugoslav armed forces as a whole, securing the unity of their actions and organizing and preparing the Yugoslav People’s Army, while the relevant organs of the republics, regions and municipalities organized and prepared the territorial defence forces and secured the unity of its organization, preparation and action on their respective territories. This was the basic constitutional responsibility in terms of defence which was not changed for the duration of the common state’s existence. Interventions regarding the organization of Yugoslav armed forces that were implemented since the 1980’s were reflected on certain formational solutions, some aspects of relations in the command and control lines and in the selection of personnel for the most responsible duties in the detachments and headquarters of territorial defence forces, but in essence it did not affect the doctrine nor did it change or derogate the constitutional authority of the republics or their state organs in the domain of defence. The state organs of Bosnia and Herzegovina attempted to secure an equal position in the process of Yugoslav dissolution, up to the extent to which this was possible and within the framework of their jurisdiction. In official documents that were adopted in the Assembly in October 1991 and which defined the determination and attitudes of Bosnia and Herzegovina concerning the possible arrangement of the Yugoslav union and the future relations within it, the constitutional authority of the Presidency was confirmed in the domain of defence as well as in the command and control over the territorial defence forces. After the proclamation of state independence and its subsequent international recognition, the dramatic political crisis escalated into an armed aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina. By proclaiming the state of direct military threat, the Presidency assumed the responsibilities of the Assembly, and with a set of legal acts quickly defined the forms, organization and dynamic of the development of its own armed forces. This development was quickly initiated on 8 April 1992 with the abolishment of the Republican headquarters of the Territorial defence forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the establishment of the Headquarters of the Territorial defence forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which assumed command over the subordinate headquarters and detachments with an unchanged formation and structure. The Decree with legal power that was passed on 20 May defined that Armed forces in peacetime were made up of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while in wartime they also included the police forces and all other armed units that placed themselves under their command. It was stipulated that until the Army became established, its function in the Armed forces would be performed by the Territorial defence forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 4 July 1992 the Presidency as the highest organ of leadership and command passed a Decision about the organization of the Armed forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whereby the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was officially formed and put into function, while the Territorial defence forces stopped existing.
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Selimović, Sead. "Exploitation and destruction of economy Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War." Historijski pogledi 3, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.3.176.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina was a distinctly agrarian country before World War II. As many as 84.10% of the population lived from agriculture, forestry and fishing. From industry, mining and crafts, 6.70% lived, trade, loans and traffic 3.10%, public services, the liberal professions and the military 3.60%, and other occupations 2.50% population. In World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina suffered enormous human and material losses. The economy was almost completely destroyed. During the war, 130 major industrial enterprises and 24 mines, 95 sawmills that had 209 gaters were destroyed or damaged, and almost all traffic communications. Most of the agricultural inventory was destroyed and the livestock stock reduced by more than 70%. The school buildings were also spared no destruction. As many as 904, out of 1,043 school buildings, were destroyed and ineligible for teaching. Economic goods destroyed and exploited all military formations, but most of all the German and Italian armies.
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Van Hartesveldt, Fred. "Herrmann, The Arming Of Europe And The Making Of The First World War." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, no. 2 (September 1, 1998): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.89-90.
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Even a freshman student of European history can make a list of crises that led up to World War I, including the two Moroccan confrontations, the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Balkan Wars. To read the Table of Contents in David Herrmann's new book one might think that he had done no more than trace this familiar pattern as so many have in the past. Herrmann has, however, done much more.
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Fal’ko, S. A. "Activity of European Military-Instruction Missions in the Countries of South-Eastern Europe at the beginning of the XX century." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 24–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-2.
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This article studies one of the components of the history of modernization processes in the countries of South-Eastern Europe in the latter half of the 19th century – the early 20th century – military modernization.
The purpose of research is to analyze the role of foreign military assistance in formation of military forces of Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Albania and Greece. Separate directions of military assistance provided to the countries of South-Eastern Europe in the form of military missions, training of officers in Europe, arms export and other aspects are disclosed.
One of the markers of military development during the period in question was the military instructor activity of the developed European countries in the framework of military modernization of possible military allies in these countries.
The lower limit of research is the Bosnian crisis in 1908 caused by annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary. The conflict was the reason of rapid militarization of the region. Military missions from the countries of Europe began their activity in Greece, Montenegro, Turkey. Thousands of officers from Balkan army studied in military establishments of Europe. The top limit of the research is the First world war І 1914-1918. The obvious success was attained with modernization of the armed forces of allies by military missions from Germany in Turkey and from France in Romania in that time.
The work deals with the process of military modernization, i.e. the activities of military instructor missions of the leading European countries during the interwar period. The time interval of the study ranges within 1908-1918. This was the period marked by modernization of new national armies in Eastern Europe. Military missions played an important role in this complex process.
The comparison of the results of transformations provides for better understanding of the regional specifics and concrete results of this form of military modernization of armed forces during the twenty-year interwar period.
The method for comparing variations of military modernization of armies of Oriental countries occurring at the turn of the 20th centuries and reorganization of military forces of the countries of South-Eastern Europe is used. This method instantiates results, consequences, failures and success of military modernization.
The research is relevant for studying modern processes of military modernization.
8
Santaolalla López, Fernando. "Bosnia Herzegovina." Asamblea. Revista parlamentaria de la Asamblea de Madrid 2, no. 4 (September 1, 2006): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.59991/rvam/2006/vol2.m.4/837.
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Sumario: I. BOSNIA HERZEGOVINA.—1.1. Introducción: marco histórico y geográfico.—1.2. Forma de Estado y de Gobierno.—1.3. Organización territorial.—1.3.1. La Federación de Bosnia Herzegovina.—1.3.2. Republika Sprska.—1.3.3. Distrito de Brcko.—II. BIBLIOGRAFÍA.
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Pilipović, Milan. "The effect of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the changes in the organization of the authorities of the entities and Bosnia and Herzegovina: Has the Constitutional Court realized the role of protector of the constitution and constitutionality in Bosnia and Herzegovina?" Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 63, no. 101 (2024): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-48932.
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The decisions of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina have significantly influenced the changes in the constitutional organization of the authorities and entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). In the decisionmaking processes, the Court judges held diametrically opposed views, and the explanations of the Court's majority decisions were disputed in terms of both theoretical and legal aspects of the matter at issue. By passing the decision on the "constituent power of the people" on the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina influenced significant changes in the constitutional organization of the authorities in the two B&H entities: Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The manner in which this decision was implemented is contrary to the provisions of the Constitutions of these two entities and the provisions of the Constitution of B&H. In effect, the amendments were imposed by the decision of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The High Representative acted as a constitutional and legislative authority, enacting laws which, against the will of the entities, established new competences and new institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, thus, revised the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. By accepting the competence to assess the constitutionality of the laws passed by the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (both two decades ago and today), the Constitutional Court decided that they were in accordance with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thus giving legality to the activities of the High Representative and the new institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina which do not exist in the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The decision of the Constitutional Court of B&H influenced the change in the organization of the governing powers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Therefore, the author concludes that the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina has not fulfilled its role as protector of the Constitution and organization of the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the two entities.
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Omerović, Enis, and Lejla Zilić. "Bosnia and Herzegovina." East European Yearbook on Human Rights 3, no. 1 (December 2020): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/eeyhr/258977642020003001007.
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Cohen, Lenard J. "Bosnia and Herzegovina." Current History 95, no. 599 (March 1, 1996): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.599.103.
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Haračić, Midhat, and Stephanie Simmonds. "From Bosnia-Herzegovina." Palliative Medicine 17, no. 2 (March 2003): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0269216303pm703op.
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Gligorov, Vladimir. "Bosnia and Herzegovina." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 1, no. 1 (January 2001): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683850108454626.
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Dedić, Hoda. "Dejtonski mirovni sporazum i političke reforme u tranziciji bosanskohercegovačkog društva / Dayton Peace Agreement and Political Reforms in the Transition of Bosnian Society." Pregled: časopis za društvena pitanja / Periodical for social issues 62, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.48052/19865244.2021.1.185.
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Since the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in December 1995, the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina has undergone specific processes of social and political development. In the period of post-Dayton political development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, important reforms were carried out which enabled not only the consolidation of peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the past 25 years, but also the building of institutions of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this process, the role of the international community and the European Union, expressed through the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and the EU Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, appears as a special form of international intervention within the geopolitical framework for building andconsolidating peace under the Dayton Peace Agreement. In the first years of the implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement, important elements of Bosnian statehood were established by decisions and laws imposed by the High Representatives for Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis of the Bonn powers. Bosnia and Herzegovina has been given national symbols: a flag, a single currency, as well as common license plates. The constitutions of the entities are harmonized with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina was established. Defense and intelligence reforms have been implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The competencies of state-level institutions have been expanded and the number of ministries in the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina has increased. Comprehensive reforms have also been implemented in the process of meeting the criteria for BiH's full membership in the European Union. The process of European integration, through broad political, economic and reforms in the field of justice and the rule of law has in itself generated positive social changes. In the further integration process, Bosnia and Herzegovina will implement 14 priorities from the Opinion of the European Commission. Due to the complexity of building a political consensus on important issues that determine the stable political development and European future of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the political and technical assistance of the EU Special Representative is necessary in order for Bosnia and Herzegovina to receive a recommendation to open accession negotiations by the end of 2021.
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Mat Enh, Azlizan, Boon Dar Ku, and Al Amril Othman. "Penghijrahan Awal Masyarakat Muslim Bosnia-Herzegovina." Islamiyyat 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-4401-15.
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Campurtangan kuasa-kuasa besar Eropah dalam konflik Bosnia-Herzegovina 1875-1878 telah menyebabkan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniah menandatangani Perjanjian Berlin 1878. Salah satu syarat Perjanjian Berlin adalah meletakkan pentadbiran Bosnia-Herzegovina di bawah mandat pemerintahan kerajaan Austria-Hungary. Bermula dari titik ini, memperlihatkan berlakunya proses migrasi di Bosnia-Herzegovina dalam kalangan penduduknya terutama orang Muslim. Artikel ini bertujuan mengupas isu-isu yang menyebabkan penghijrahan orang Muslim dari Bosnia-Herzegovina ke wilayah-wilayah lain dalam empayar Turki Uthmaniah sebelum meletusnya Perang Dunia Pertama. Analisis data primer digunakan ke atas rekod-rekod British daripada kedutaannya di Bosnia-Herzegovina. Hasil kajian mendapati isu agama merupakan faktor utama dalam proses migrasi yang berlaku di Bosnia-Herzegovina. Proses migrasi semakin meningkat selepas Bosnia-Herzegovina diumumkan secara rasmi di bawah pentadbiran Austria-Hungary pada 1908.
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Begic, Fajik, and Anes Kazagic. "Potential utilization of renewable energy resources for electricity generation in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thermal Science 9, no. 3 (2005): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0503015b.
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Along with the current processes of restructuring of Energy power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, liberalization of the electricity market, and modernization of the existing power plants, Bosnia and Herzegovina must turn to the utilization of renewable resources in reason able dynamics as well. Respecting this policy, the initial Valuation of the potential of renewable erg resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina is per formed. The methodology of evaluation of wind energy utilization is presented in this paper, as well as some other aspects of utilization of the renewable energy resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Implementation of selected projects should improve sustainability of energy power production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by reducing the total emission of carbon dioxide originated from energy power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Videnović, Milan, and Miroslav Pešić. "THE REPORTS OF THE DAILY NEWSPAPER “POLITIKA” ABOUT THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA PRECEDING THE ANNEXATION CRISIS OF 1908." MEDIA STUDIES AND APPLIED ETHICS 3, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/msae.1.2021.01.
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In this paper, the writings of the daily newspaper “Politika” regarding the events preceding the Annexation Crisis were analyzed. The political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina at the beginning of the XX century was extremely complex and tense. Combined with the already complicated international circumstances, a favorable environment was created for one of the greatest political crises in Europe at the time. The period between the Young Turk Revolution and the Annexation Crisis was characterized by the attempts of Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina to resolve legally the question of Bosnia and Herzegovina without changing the state and legal status of the territory, as well as by the attempts by Austria-Hungary to integrate Bosnia and Herzegovina into its state structure. Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina and thus abused its mandate for occupying Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was provided by the Treaty of Berlin from 1878. The preparations for the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were covered by the correspondents of “Politika”, who informed the Serbian public about it. The articles published in “Politika” at the time are invaluable for obtaining an accurate picture of the state of affairs at the time, as well as of a reign of terror that the Austro-Hungarian rule imposed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Arnautović, Kemal. "Topographical Symbols on Cadastral Plans of the Austro-Hungarian Survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Geodetski glasnik, no. 44 (December 31, 2013): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.58817/2233-1786.2013.47.44.72.
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Austro-Hungarian Monarchy conducted a cadastral survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1880 to 1884. Cadastral maps at 1:6 250, 1:3 125, 1:1 562.5 and 1:781.25 scales were made that are used for land books maintenance even at present. The Instructions for the Cadastral Survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina of 1880 (Instruction für die Katastral-Vermessung Bosnien und Herzegovina 1880) were used as the survey rules. Topographic symbols used on the maps were taken from the Annex to the Instructions: SAMPLES of SYMBOLS (ZEICHENMUSTER) that have been translated from German. Original cadastre maps are kept in the Archives of Vienna, while different cadastre administrations of Bosnia and Herzegovina received black and white lithographic copies. Samples of lithographic copies for the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina were kept in the archives of the former Geodetic Administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina and have finally been taken over by the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Popovic, Milijan. "The Republic of Srpska between Scylla and Charybdis." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 118-119 (2005): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0519125p.
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The Republic of Srpska was created during the civil war in the territory of the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992-1995. Within the general framework of the agreement to establich peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Dayton Peace Agreement), in Novembar 1995 it was recognized as an entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the Dayton Constitution, by its legal nature The Republic of Srpska was a confederative unit (with some elements of a federal unit) within Bosnia and Herzegovina as a confederation (with the some elements of a federation). During the last ten years, both Bosnia and Herzegovina and The Republic of Srpska underwent deep transformations. An indication of these deep transformations was the decision of the president of the Arbitration Tribunal to establish the District of Brcko as the third entity sui generis (in addition to The Republic of Srpska and The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Two basic levers in the anti-Dayton transformational processes which occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities were The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as The High Representative of the international community for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina passed a series of anti-Dayton decisions; by its consequences the most far-reaching decision was related to the issue U 50/2000 which declared the constitutionality of the Bosniacs, the Croats and the Serbs in the entities. On the basis of that decision, in 2000 a set of amendments to The Constitution of The Republic of Srpska was passed which deeply changed the legal nature of The Republic of Srpska. It was transformed from a confederative into to a federal unit. The anti-Dayton activity of The High Representative of the international community is even more pronounced. He became the main constitutional and legislative factor of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities. Under his pressure, in 2003 new amendments to The Constitution of The Republic of Srpska were passed which further diminished the authorities in The Republic of Srpska, specially in the field of national defence and public security. The High Representative himself brought and declared dozens of laws for Bosnia and Herzegovina with which he transformed Bosnia and Herzegovina from the union of states into a federation. With the police reform he announced, he is preparing to regionalize Bosnia and Herzegovina, not taking into account the entity borders, and thus to pave the way for the final abolition of entities including The Republic of Srpska.
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Koevich, Sara. "The specifics of the management of Bosnia and Herzegovina under international control." Международные отношения, no. 4 (April 2023): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2023.4.68851.
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The subject of this article is the current political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article presents the definition of the concept of constitutional power in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is considered how international organizations influence the constitutional power in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the current legal state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, domestic and foreign policy, the influence of international presence and many others. The focus is on the question of who and how currently governs Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article presents a detailed analysis of the functions and work of the High Representative and the Peace Implementation Council. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article is a detailed constructive analysis of international interference in the functioning of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The role of the High Representative is also described in detail as one of the main contradictions of the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author comes to the conclusion that there is an absolute discrepancy between reality, that is, facts with the idea of the way and functioning of this state. The specificity of Bosnia and Herzegovina lies in the fact that a number of international institutions directly affect both the domestic and foreign policy of the country. The factor of internal influence is integrated into its political system through the penetration of international law there. It is noted that unlike other European countries with a complex history, Bosnia and Herzegovina lacks an initiative approach to solving problems and developing the state. The author comes to the conclusion that the role of the High Representative is one of the main contradictions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the illegitimate appointment of High Representative Christian Schmit throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina deepens the ethno-political conflict and puts the Serbs in the Republika Srpska in an even more difficult situation.
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Omercic, Jasmin. "Waqf in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th and 21st Century." ICR Journal 8, no. 3 (July 15, 2017): 342–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v8i3.179.
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This paper investigates the socio-economic role of waqf in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the 20th century to date. Bosnia and Herzegovina waqf endured through various political fortunes and improved the social and economic circumstances of Muslims. A contemporary challenge is to reconstruct this waqf. A new development is the emergence of Islamic Economics. Since 1995, the Waqf Directorate of the Islamic Community of Bosnia and Herzegovina (WD-ICBIH), the main authority over waqf, initiated reforms to revive the socio-economic role of waqf and integrate it into Bosnia and Herzegovina development. The study identifies the challenges facing the Waqf Directorate and the development of Islamic Economics in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The emergence of Islamic Economics and Islamic Banking and Finance, in cooperation with the Bosnia Bank International, presents opportunities to the Waqf Directorate to achieve its vision and mission. Some avenues for waqf integration into Bosnia and Herzegovina development qualify as commendable efforts of reform, indicate a feasible future for the Waqf Directorate, and gradually address various challenges. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations.
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Softić, Aiša. "First women archeologists in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, no. 48 (January 6, 2022): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/godisnjak.cbi.anubih-48.132.
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Paola Korošec and Ružica Bižić are some of the first women archaeologists in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Although their activity in the field of archaeology in Bosnia-Herzegovina was relatively short, they are significant as the founders of so-called women archaeology in this country. Paola Korošec was primarily interested in medieval archaeology in Bosnia-Herzegovina, while Ružica Bižić focused on prehistoric archaeology. Along with necessary biographical information, this article briefly presents the works of these two scholars related to archaeology in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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Abaza, Hasumana. "Measurement Campaign of Absolute and Relative Gravity in "Basic gravimetric network of Bosnia and Herzegovina"." Geodetski glasnik, no. 45 (December 31, 2014): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.58817/2233-1786.2014.48.45.74.
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Absolute gravity measurements in Bosnia and Herzegovina were carried out at four stations within the project "Capacity building for improving land administration and procedures in Bosnia and Herzegovina“ - CILAP. Relative gravity measurements were also completed in the primary gravimetric network of Bosnia and Herzegovina at 60 points, followed by connecting points with absolute gravity data. So far, completed work is an excellent basis for continuing on regional gravity measurements and determining the geoid for the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Perišić, Srđan. "Bosnia and Herzegovina and changes to the international order: 25 years since the Dayton Agreement." Politea 10, no. 20 (2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/politeia0-29380.
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The paper deals with the impact of changes to the international order on the position of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the period of 25 years, from the signing of the Dayton Agreement in 1995 to 2020. For a start, there is an analysis of all models of international order in that period. Furthermore, the paper analyses the unipolar international order as it existed until 2008 and its impact on the internal relations and political system in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as on the position of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europe and the region of former Yugoslavia. In this respect, it particularly focuses on NATO's activities in Bosnia and Herzegovina in that period and the position of the Republic of Srpska. The second period begins after the year of 2008, and it represents the growth of a multipolar international order. It is the impact of that order on Bosnia and Herzegovina and its internal situation that is discussed in the paper, with Russia's return to the Balkans and its consequences analysed in detail. In addition, an analysis of the Chinese economic and geopolitical project entitled 'Belt and Road Initiative' and its impact on the region of former Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina included, is given. In the presentation, as well as in the paper, one of the focal points is the respective position of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska within the context of NATO enlargement. The influence of the structure of the international project (nejasno, potrebno je definisati koji projekat, iz prethodnog teksta to nije vidljivo) on the states can be seen on the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina - according to the scheme given by the theorist Kenneth Voltz. The unipolar order, influenced by the then US administration, is the creator of the Dayton Agreement in 1995, as well as of the political and legal order in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The political processes that took place after 1995 were also affected by the unipolarity and power of the United States. This power was focused on efforts to turn Bosnia and Herzegovina into a unitary socio-political structure, that is. to change its Dayton design. The culmination of the power of unipolarity and the United States in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the acceptance by political elites of Bosnia and Herzegovina of the NATO integration process in the period of 2005-2009. The emergence of a multipolar order is blocking the process of Bosnia and Herzegovina joining NATO, with the Republic of Srpska stopping the transfer of competences to the state level.
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Selimović, Sead. "Preventing return: Implementation of annex VII of the Dayton peace agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995-2020)." Historijski pogledi 4, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 206–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.6.206.
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The armed aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ended with the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dayton Agreement), initialed in Dayton on November 21, 1995, and signed on December 14, 1995 in Paris „in Bosnian, Croatian, English and the Serbian language“. The Dayton Agreement confirmed the fact that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had real control (power) over the so-called Republika Srpska. Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement determined the internal structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are two entities in the internal structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which consists of 10 cantons, and the Republika Srpska. Apart from the two entities, there is also the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was created by the Decision of the International Arbitration Court. It was established on March 8, 2000. According to the Dayton Agreement, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose official name became „Bosnia and Herzegovina“, continues its legal existence under international law as a state with its internationally recognized borders. It remains a member of the United Nations, and as Bosnia and Herzegovina may retain membership or request membership in organizations within the United Nations system and in other international organizations. The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement) guarantees human rights and „fundamental freedoms“. Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Entities, according to the Constitution, will ensure „the highest degree of internationally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms.“ For this purpose, the formation of the Commission for Human Rights is also envisaged, as provided for in Annex 6 of the General Framework Agreement. The issue of the return of refugees and displaced persons is addressed in Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement, entitled „Agreement on Refugees and Displaced Persons“. According to Annex 7, all refugees and displaced persons have the right to return freely to their homes and have the right to restitution of property confiscated from them during hostilities since 1991 and to receive compensation for all property that cannot be returned to them. The „Agreement“ states that the return of refugees and displaced persons is an important goal of resolving the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the period 1995-2020. The authorities of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian entity of Republika Srpska did not give up on the project of „separation of peoples“. The implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement has been obstructed in various ways: by killings, beatings, intimidation, attacks on religious buildings and in other ways. Obstructions in the implementation of Annex 7 were also carried out in the entity of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, this was not as pronounced as in Republika Srpska. The first return of displaced persons (refugees and displaced persons) was to the settlement of Mahala, which until the Dayton Agreement was located in the municipality of Kalesija and after Dayton in the municipality of Osmaci in the entity of Republika Srpska. It was August 24, 1996. This was followed by the return of Bosniaks to the settlements of Jusići and Dugi dio in the municipality of Zvornik and Svjetliča in the municipality of Doboj. These events also marked the official start of the implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Peace Agreement in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although the Dayton Agreement guaranteed the return of the exiles, everything went much harder on the ground, and there were also human casualties. Between 1992 and 1995, approximately 2.2 million people in Bosnia and Herzegovina were forced to flee their homes as a result of the war against Bosnia and Herzegovina. About 1.2 million people have applied for refugee protection in more than 100 countries around the world, while countries in the region have accepted about 40% of the total number of refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Almost one million people were internally displaced in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the beginning of 2003, the Strategy of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement was adopted. It was the first, at the level of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, harmonized, framework document which sets goals and plans the necessary actions and reforms towards the final implementation of Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement. According to the 2015 UNHCR Annual Statistical Report, the number of refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina outside the country was 18,748. Of these, 9,080 had refugee status in Serbia, 4,055 in France, 2,274 in Switzerland, 1,412 in Germany, and the remaining number in other countries. It is estimated that at the end of 1995 there were about one million displaced persons, accounting for almost a quarter of Bosnia and Herzegovina's pre-war population. The first comprehensive, official census of displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina was conducted at the end of 2000, when 557,275 displaced persons were registered. The 2005 audit of the status of displaced persons identified 186,138 displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the data of the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees from 2016, there were 98,574 displaced persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina, of which 38,345 or 40.6% were displaced in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 59,834 or 58.8% in the Republika Srpska and 395 or 0.5% in the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the ethnic structure of displaced persons, according to the head of household - families, 32.7% (10,667 families and 30,920 persons) are Bosniaks, 60.0% (19,565 families and 60,737 persons) Serbs, 6.7% (2,195 families and 6,374 persons) Croats and 0.6% (184 families and 542 persons) Others. According to the 2016 data of the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees, by the end of 2016, around 341,000 housing units had been built or renovated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska, the Bosnian language is denied. Teaching in the Bosnian language is prohibited, and the language is called the non-existent Bosniak language. This discriminates against students who want their language to be called Bosnian. In addition, high-ranking officials from the Republika Srpska in public appearances deny the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bosniaks as a people, deny genocide against Bosniaks, which affects the perspective of the people of this area. Streets in cities bear the names of war criminals from the Second World War and the period of aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, busts of war criminals are being built, schools and other state institutions are being „sanctified“, etc. In the period 1995-2020. Annex 7 of the Dayton Agreement was not fully implemented in 2006, as an important factor in the reintegration of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the recognition of the results of armed aggression and genocide against Bosniaks.
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(Corresponding Author), Azlizan Mat Enh, Suffian Mansor, and Mohamad Rodzi Abd. Razak. "The Treaty of Berlin 1878: Implications for Muslims Migration in Bosnia-Herzegovina Before World War 1." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol17no1.1.
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The intervention of the great powers in the Bosnian-Herzegovina conflict of 1875-1878 led the Turkish government to sign the Treaty of Berlin of 1878. One of the terms of the Treaty of Berlin was to put the administration of Bosnian-Herzegovina under the auspices of the mandate of the Austrian-Hungarian government. From this point onwards, the migration process in Bosnia-Herzegovina is reflected in its population, especially Muslims. This article examines the implications of the Treaty of Berlin on issues that led to the emigration of Muslims from Bosnia-Herzegovina to other regions of the Turkish Empire before the outbreak of World War 1. The analysis of primary data was used on the British records from its embassy in Bosnia- Herzegovina. The study found that religious issue was a crucial factor in the migration process happened in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The migration process intensified after Bosnia-Herzegovina was formally announced to be put under the Austrian-Hungarian administration in 1908.
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Van Houtte, Hans. "Mass Property Claim Resolution in a Post-War Society: The Commission for Real Property Claims in Bosnia and Herzegovina." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, no. 3 (July 1999): 625–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300063466.
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The restoration of the pre-war property fights of displaced persons and refugees is critical to restore the peace.This is particularly true for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The devastating impact of the war which ravaged Bosnia from 1992 until 1995 has left a third of the housing stock destroyed or otherwise uninhabitable. The systematic practice of ethnic cleansing forced Bosniacs, Croats and Serbs to seek shelter in areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina where their ethnic group was in the majority or to seek refuge abroad.1 More than half the 4.5 million the pre-war population of Bosnia and Herzegovina fled their homes in search of safety during the course of the war. According to recent estimates from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, over 800,000 refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina are still abroad today.2 Within Bosnia and Herzegovina, more than 800,000 people remain displaced from their pre-conflict homes.3
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Tulumović, Vanes. "Level and pace of the regional development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of integration into the European union." Ekonomski pregled 71, no. 2 (2020): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.71.2.3.
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The main goal of this paper is to assess the level and pace of regional development of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the one hand, and the Euro-Atlantic path of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a potential candidate for EU membership on the other. In the empirical part of the research, the spatial component encompassed the regionalization of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research also included an analysis of the process of the integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the European Union from the aspect of pre-accession assistance to candidate countries and potential candidates in the function of promoting regional development. The primary research of regional development and assessment of the level of development as well as the scope of structural policies in overcoming the key political, social and economic problems that hinder the development and improvement of the economic integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the European Union are limited to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The basic scientific methods used in the work and for giving answers to research questions are historical and comparative methods. They consist of methods and indicators of statistical analysis (indices, growth rates, participation rates, coefficients, averages). Specific scientific methods used in the process of this work are: the method of analysis, the synthesis method, the induction method, the descriptor method, the deduction method, the classification method and the comparison method. The empirical results of the research confirm that Bosnia and Herzegovina is faced with the problem of regional development with a pronounced imbalance between the areas within the whole territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is a confirmation for the need for systemic policy as well as regional development policy at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina that would be in line with the policies of the European Union.
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Škondrić, Siniša, Ranko Perić, and Jelena Knežević. "Genus Lindernia All. (Linderniaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Ecologica Montenegrina 65 (August 16, 2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.65.3.
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Field research conducted in the Peripanonian part of Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in new and noteworthy records for the genus Lindernia. For the first time, alien L. dubia was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and new localities of threatened L. procumbens were also discovered. Individuals of both species grew in wetland vegetation of the class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea. The paper presents data on the morphology, ecology and distribution of species of the genus Lindernia. The alien status of L. dubia in Bosnia and Herzegovina is determined as the initial phase of naturalisation. The threatened status of L. procumbens in Bosnia and Herzegovina is assessed as endangered. These results contribute to a better knowledge of the flora and vegetation of ephemeral wetlands in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the Balkans, which are still not sufficiently explored.
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Simović, Vlade. "European integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the logic of consocialism." Socioloski godisnjak, no. 17 (2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socgod17-42077.
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The subject of research in this work is the scope of consociational democracy on the example of the European integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The logic of consociational democracy is in the mutual respect of the segments of a divided society and the construction of mechanisms to prevent the "tyranny of the majority" over numerically smaller groups. History shows that consociational instruments maintain the state of peace and democracy in divided and post-conflict societies. The European Union and Bosnia and Herzegovina are areas that prove this. Therefore, accepting the logic of consociationalism is an appropriate choice in the context of the European integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This would not be questionable if some actors in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Union did not insist on changing the existing consociational political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is paradoxical that in the negotiation process of European integration, anti-consociationist policies are often advocated for the reorganization of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of "harmonizing" it with the European Union, which is maintained and united precisely on the logic of consociationalism.
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Abajyan, Khachik, and Bagrat Vardanyan. "Peace Pedagogies in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Theory and Practice in Formal Education, edited by Larisa Kasumagić-Kafedžić, and Sara Clarke-Habibi. Springer, Cham. 2023. XVIII, 343 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26246-3." Journal of Political Science: Bulletin of Yerevan University 2, no. 3(6) (December 30, 2023): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/jops/2023.2.6.098.
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This book is dedicated to the problem of peace pedagogy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is becoming increasingly important throughout the world, taking into account the level of hostility, xenophobia and hate speech, as well as other potential threats and risks to humanity. The book analyzes the international development of peace pedagogies and the mechanism for their implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, identifying key words and formulating key questions. In this context, current issues and problems in the education system and political context of Bosnia and Herzegovina are analyzed. With the assistance of international organizations and Western countries, the educational system of Bosnia and Herzegovina advocates a more active and systematic strengthening of peace pedagogy in order to more effectively harness the potential of education as a means of reconciliation. The book examines the wide range of international and local initiatives that arose in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of integrating the values of peace and peace education into the education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina, through formal and informal European educational mechanisms.
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Hills, Alice. "Bosnia Herzegovina and Slovenia." Adelphi Papers 44, no. 371 (December 2004): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05679320412331340497.
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Tabučić, Amra. "D. Bosnia and Herzegovina." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 25, no. 1 (2014): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvv033.
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Tabučić, Amra. "D. Bosnia and Herzegovina." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 28 (January 1, 2017): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvy047.
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Allcock, John B. "Bosnia‐Herzegovina after dayton." Cambridge Review of International Affairs 11, no. 1 (September 1997): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557579708400162.
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FILICE, IVANA, CHRISTINE VINCENT, AMINA ADAMS, and FERSADA BAJRAMOVIC. "Bosnia-Herzegovina: Cultural Profile." International Journal of Refugee Law 6, no. 3 (1994): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/6.3.425.
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Govedarica, Maja, and Lejla Ašćerić. "Conditions for Extension of Special Investigative Actions - Challenges and Case Law." Kriminalističke teme 22, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51235/kt.2022.22.3-4.111.
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In the content of the paper, the authors deal with the application of the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which relate to the conditions for the extension of previously determined special investigative actions. The paper provides an overview of the available case law of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina in meeting the standards for extension of special investigative actions, all with regard to the application of the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are harmonised with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The paper analyses the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the purpose of fulfilling the obligations arising from the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ref. No. 5/16 and also analyses the application of such amended provisions in the case law of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Prosecutor’s Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis shows that the application in practice causes legal uncertainty regarding the uniform standard in the application of the amended provisions. The paper states that the amended provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code meet the obligations set out in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Freedoms, but in practice there is no uniform application of the amended regulation that would protect the public and security interests of the State and its citizens.
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Simović, Vlade, and Ivan Zarić. "Geopolitical orientation of parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Politea 12, no. 24 (2022): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/politeia0-44493.
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Some time ago an anonymous commentator on one of the portals in Bosnia and Herzegovina wrote: 'The Serbian, Croatian, and Bosniak blocks of political parties are united only by Annex 4 of the Dayton Peace Agreement. Everything else separates them.' Such a general assessment seems unacceptable to researchers at first glance. Yet, anyone with a more profound knowledge of political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina will largely agree with this thesis. It seems that the fate of the pluralistic space of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which has supervised sovereignty (through the action of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina) and an approved Constitution (imposed through the intervention of the United States of America in Dayton), is that it is not united by social values, by the basic political agreements of its elites, and not even by shared economic gain. An impossible state is the best diagnosis of Bosnia and Herzegovina, claimed by Nenad Kecmanović, and unstable and unfinished, claimed by almost all those informed on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main thesis of this paper is that the geopolitical orientation of political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which we investigate through their programmess and political practice, is a good way to show its internal antagonisms and the reasons for the impossibility of achieving unity, a stable and functional state. The conflict in Ukraine adds to the relevance of this paper, to which political parties and actors in Bosnia and Herzegovina heve expressed their respective stances. The paper is a methodological combination of two scientific fields: political theory and international relations.
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Fedorov, Aleksandr V. "The Criminal Liability of Legal Entities under the Laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Russian investigator 9 (September 5, 2018): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2018-9-73-78.
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The article is dedicated to a review of the laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the criminal liability of legal entities. The article reviews the criminal law system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which includes among other laws the four criminal codes: the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the Criminal Code of the Republic of Srpska and the Criminal Code of the Brčko District. The author analyzes provisions of the criminal laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the criminal liability of legal entities. The author notes that pursuant to such provisions, legal entities are acknowledged as a criminal liability subject; gives a number of legal entities, which can be brought to criminal liability; underlines that legal entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be brought to criminal liability for any acts acknowledged as punishable by the national criminal laws. The publication reviews the grounds and conditions for the criminal liability of legal entities; the model of the criminal liability of legal entities; the criminal sanctions imposed on legal entities and the applied security measures. It is noted that the criminal codes in effect in Bosnia and Herzegovina make a distinction between the punishment measures, security measures, seizure of proceeds of crime and legal consequences of conviction of a legal entity.
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Gvero, Petar, Gordana Tica, Semin Petrovic, Sasa Papuga, Borislav Jaksic, and Lazo Roljic. "Renewable energy sources and their potential role in mitigation of climate changes and as a sustainable development driver in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thermal Science 14, no. 3 (2010): 641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1003641g.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina have significant physical potential regarding to renewable energy sources. Hydro, biomass, geothermal, wind, and solar potential can play important role in the whole state economy. Bosnia and Herzegovina is Non-Annex I country according to UNFCCC and according to that it is obligated to participate in the global efforts in order to reduce green house gases emission. This paper gives some analysis of the physical, technological, economic, and market potential of renewable energy sources in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their potential role in mitigation of climate changes. Paper also gives the analysis of the potential connections between renewable energy sources and sustainable development of the economy, taking in to consideration specific political structure of the state. Bosnia and Herzegovina is consisting from two entities: Republic of Srpska and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Brcko District; energy sector and climate changes mitigation measures are under their jurisdiction. According to that some of this paper results can be useful for the improvement of entity and state strategies with the final aim to place renewable energy sources on the right position, as some of the major economy drivers, not only in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but in whole region.
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Kukuruz, Sifet. "General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sociological Functions of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina as the Basis of De / Stabilization and Dis / Functionality of the State." Uprava 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 83–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.53028/1986-6127.2021.12.2.83.
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The author explain the importance of the conditions and circumstances under which the state constitution is adopted and their reciprocal impact on the applicability of the constitution in practice. The focus of the analysis is on considering the possibility of exercising the sociological functions of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (symbolic, legitimizing and integrative function), in the context of the conditions that led to the signing of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in connection with subsequently established and court-verified facts confirming the violation of international law. Arguments for the possibility of achieving and strengthening the sociological functions of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the author finds in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is characterized by centuries of tradition of coexistence and tolerance. The paper concludes that the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina performs sociological functions in the basic elements, but that these functions can be developed and strengthened over time. However, the author emphasizes that there is a danger of the emergence of opposite tendencies that can lead to the disintegration of society, which is confirmed by the current political situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Figurek, Aleksandra, Anatoliy Goncharuk, Larysa Shynkarenko, and Oleksandr Kovalenko. "Measuring the efficiency of higher education: case of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.13.
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This paper is devoted to measuring the efficiency of the higher education of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The data envelopment analysis method was applied, considering the number of enrolled students, budget financing, co-financing, self-financing as inputs, and the number of graduated students according to the field of education as the output. Measuring the relative efficiency of main fields of the higher education system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the authors found that the agriculture is the most efficient field of higher education in this country. However, the engineering, manufacturing technologies and construction field have the lowest efficiency score due to the high consumption of budget expenditures, but the lowest education results. The hypothesis of the growing efficiency of the higher education system of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not confirmed. The downward trend in the total number of publications indicates a twofold deterioration in the scientific efficiency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the six-year period. Comparison with neighboring countries showed relatively low scientific efficiency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conclusion is that currently the higher education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is relatively inefficient and its efficiency falls down.
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Kadušić, Alma, Alija Suljić, and Nedima Smajić. "The demographic ageing of population in Bosnia and Herzegovina: causes and consequences." Journal for Geography 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.11.1.3951.
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In this paper the age structure and the ageing population process in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century is analyzed. The main reasons that caused changes in the age composition of the population and the population ageing in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been researched. The main causes of the population ageing in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 20th century were primarily trends in fertility rates and secondarily trends in mortality rates. The economic growth of Bosnia and Herzegovina after World War II conditioned changes in the economic and educational structure of the population and with that the changes in the natural increase rates and migration balance. The war was the main cause of negative demographic changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1992 to 1995, and the post-war adverse socioeconomic, political and other circumstances have been the cause of negative demographic trends after 1995. The aim of this paper is to determine the level of population ageing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the consequences this process could have on the demographic future of this country.
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Milanović, Đorđije, Vladimir Stupar, Elvedin Šabanović, Vladan Djordjević, Jugoslav Brujić, Aldin Boškailo, and Vladimir Ranđelović. "On the distribution and conservation status of some rare orchid taxa (Orchidaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Western Balkans)." Hacquetia 21, no. 2 (July 9, 2022): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2022-0005.
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Abstract Albeit rich in a number of taxa, flora of Orchidaceae in Bosnia and Herzegovina has not been sufficiently studied. The paper presents distribution of ten rare and threatened orchid taxa in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serapias bergonii and Himantoglossum calcaratum subsp. rumelicum are new for Bosnia and Herzegovina, while for other studied taxa (Serapias parviflora, Serapias vomeracea, Himantoglossum adriaticum, H. calcaratum subsp. calcaratum, Gymnadenia frivaldii, Pseudorchis albida, Orchis quadripunctata, Cypripedium calceolus) in addition to field investigation, checking and revision of herbarium material, as well as literature sources were also used for supplementing distribution data. The distribution maps of these taxa in Bosnia and Herzegovina are created on a 10 km × 10 km MGRS grid system. Based on the IUCN Red List criteria, the threat status in Bosnia and Herzegovina was assessed for all studied taxa. Data concerning their habitat preferences and population size are also provided.
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Ljuša, Melisa, Mehmed Cero, and Zlata Grabovac. "BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL AND GLOBAL COOPERATION FOR CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 49, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2019.v49.i1.26.
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UDK: 574:502(497.6)
With the geographical position and climate conditions it has, Bosnia and Herzegovinais a countryof unique life forms and biodiversity. The flora, fauna and fungi of Bosnia and Herzegovina are among the most diverse in Europe, and the high level of endemism and relict species provide for the country’s significance at the global biodiversity level (UNCBD, 2019).
Since 2002, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD), has been following global trends of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Followingthe Convention, among others, six national reports were developed, as well as the Strategy and Action Plan for Protection of Biological Diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina (NBSAP) by 2020. These documents seek to ensure that protection and sustainable use of biodiversity become inevitable principles when relevant sectoral policies, strategies and legislation at all governmental levels of Bosnia and Herzegovina are being developed. In 2013, the Bosnian-Herzegovina Clearing House Mechanism (CHM) portal for sharing information on biodiversity was established within the global network CBD CHM.
As a member country of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Bosnia and Herzegovina actively represents and advocates for the interests of Eastern Europe. Bosnia and Herzegovina has made significant contribution to the preparation of a Regional and Sub-Regional Assessment for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Europe and Central Asia, which was adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of IPBES (Medellin, Colombia, March 2018).
In the context of regional and global cooperation, Bosnia and Herzegovina significantly contributes to the organization of the workshop and the preparation of an Eastern European Action Document on Pollinators, Food Security and Rural Development, within BES-Net Trialogue. Bosnia and Herzegovina reaffirmed its commitment to the status of pollinators by accessing to the global Coalition of the Willing on Pollinators at the 6th IPBES Plenary Session.
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Guzvic, Vladimir, Tarik Catic, and Marina Kostic. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN CENTRAL-EASTERN AND SOUTH EUROPE COUNTRIES: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, no. 3 (2017): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000058.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the healthcare system and health financing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and recent trends in health technology assessment (HTA) placement in the system.Methods: A short review of PubMed published literature has been conducted using key words related to reimbursement, HTA, and health policy. We also revised legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina published in Official Gazettes related to healthcare financing and organization.Results: A deecentralized system in Bosnia and Herzegovina led to high differences in health policy. HTA has been recognized in legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it still has not been introduced in practice in full capacity. A small number of publications are found in PubMed treating these issues, but generally the problem of introduction of HTA in Bosnia and Herzegovina is lack of experts, as well as the political environment and education in this field.Conclusions: HTA in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska has a short history because of a huge political impact in the decision-making process, decentralized system, and multiple decision makers in these regions. Challenges remain in assessments, in development of more transparent approaches in different areas of the health system in these regions, and in consistent application of appropriate standards especially in education of professionals who will provide establishment of HTA in the health system of The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska.
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Ribić, Fatima. "Analysis of employee costs in the distributive trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 16, no. 4 (2023): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2304141r.
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Distributive trade includes all forms of trading activities. It begins with the procurement of goods from the manufacturer, and ends with the sale of goods to the final consumer. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it represents one of the most important economic sectors. Thispaper investigates changes in personnel costs within the distribution trade sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Initially, it introduces fundamental concepts related to distributive tradeand personnel costs. After that, an analysis of personnel costs in the distribution trade sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina is conducted. This includes an examination of changes in personnel costs based on the size of business entities and an analysis of personnel costs in subsectors of distribution trade. Research findings reveal a consistent increase in personnel costs within the distribution trade sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2016 to 2021. They also highlight a slower growth of personnel costs per employed person in small businesses compared to the overall sector. Concerning the sub-sectors of distribution trade in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the research indicates that wholesale trade demonstrates significantly higher personnel costs per employed person compared to the other two sub-sectors and the overall distribution trade. Additionally, the analysis involves a comparison of personnel costs in distribution trade in Bosnia and Herzegovina with other countries in the region. The findings suggest that personnel costs per employed person in the distribution trade sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina exhibit the lowest growth among the analyzed countries in the region.
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Maslo, Semir, and Šemso Šarić. "Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. (Compositae), a recently recognized invasive alien species in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 8, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46232/glashbod.8.2.3.
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Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. is native in South America, widely naturalized in Europe and has been recently recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the period of 2019-2020, it was recorded at 35 new localities in South Herzegovina and Central Bosnia. On the basis of the number of populations and the numbers of individuals within populations, we assume that this species is now invasive in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Mahmutović, Hasan, and Alem Merdić. "REAL CONVERGENCE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA TOWARDS THE EUROPEAN UNION." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 7, no. 2 (September 2017): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091706.
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The entire process of Bosnia and Herzegovina's path to European integration so far, is mostly limited to the problems of achieving political consensus, neglecting the essence and purpose of the integration process, which is primarily reflected in achieving the real convergence of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the EU. The absence of real convergence, and adequate preparation in terms of competitiveness of the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the EU membership, can cause negative effects of integration.Considering that there has not yet been written any paper that questions the lack of real convergence, primarily GDP p.c., and that a complete analysis of economic criteria is reduced to the Progress Reports of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the EU, which summarize the fulfillment of the economic criteria of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the EU membership without concrete suggestions for improvement, this paper analyzes the real convergence of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the European Union, observed through the income level p.c., prices and productivity of the labor force.The analysis showed that there is a sigma convergence of Bosnia and Herzegovina towards the EU in the movement of GDP p.c., which is reflected in the reduction of the coefficient of variation of the observed parameter in the period from 2000 to 2015 from 89.8% to 85.3%, which is a decrease in the coefficient of variation for 4 , 5 p.p. for 16 years.In the observed period there was an increase in the absolute GDP p.c. gap, which means that Bosnia and Herzegovina must increase the rate of economic growth in the coming period, in order to stop the relative decrease in the standard of living in relation to the EU.In addition, the analysis of sigma convergence has shown that there are sigma divergent trends in the movement of productivity and price level of Bosnia and Herzegovina in relation to productivity and price level at the EU level.It is expected that the price level in Bosnia and Herzegovina will increase in the coming period as a result of the activation of the Stabilization and Association Agreement and a higher degree of trade integration with the EU.
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Vesnić, Adi, Rifat Škrijelj, and Sadbera Trožić-Borovac. "DIVERSITY AND AUTECOLOGY OF WOOD ANTS IN CENTRAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (FORMICIDAE: FORMICA S. STR.)." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2015.v45.i1.96.
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UDK: 595.796(497.6)
In this paper new data on diversity of wood ants in Bosnia and Herzegovina arepresented. First record of Formica truncorum Fabricius, 1804 from Duboštica isreported for Bosnia and Herzegovina. With this new finding total number of speciesfrom subgenus Formica s. str. known in Bosnia and Herzegovina is raised on five.Analysis of wood ants in central Bosnia indicated presence of Formica rufa Linnaeus,1761 on mountains Trebevic, Ozren, Perun while Formica polyctena Förster, 1850was collected only on Mt. Čemerska.Morphometrical and ethological intermediary indicate different Formica rufaphenotypes or hybrid Formica rufa x polyctena in investigated area. Polydomy wasobserved in Formica polyctena and F. rufa. On the mountain Perun 30 colonies ofFormica rufa in one kilometer transect were found, which represents the highestknown density in Bosnia-Herzegovina.