Relevant bibliographies by topics / Boston City Census

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Academic literature on the topic 'Boston City Census'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Boston City Census"

1

O’Brien, Daniel T., Brian Gridley, Andrew Trlica, Jonathan A. Wang, and Aatmesh Shrivastava. "Urban Heat Islets: Street Segments, Land Surface Temperatures, and Medical Emergencies During Heat Advisories." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 7 (July 2020): 994–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305636.

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Objectives. To examine the relationships among environmental characteristics, temperature, and health outcomes during heat advisories at the geographic scale of street segments. Methods. We combined multiple data sets from Boston, Massachusetts, including remotely sensed measures of temperature and associated environmental characteristics (e.g., canopy cover), 911 dispatches for medical emergencies, daily weather conditions, and demographic and physical context from the American Community Survey and City of Boston Property Assessments. We used multilevel models to analyze the distribution of land surface temperature and elevated vulnerability during heat advisories across streets and neighborhoods. Results. A substantial proportion of variation in land surface temperature existed between streets within census tracts (38%), explained by canopy, impervious surface, and albedo. Streets with higher land surface temperature had a greater likelihood of medical emergencies during heat advisories relative to the frequency of medical emergencies during non–heat advisory periods. There was no independent effect of the average land surface temperature of the census tract. Conclusions. The relationships among environmental characteristics, temperature, and health outcomes operate at the spatial scale of the street segment, calling for more geographically precise analysis and intervention.
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2

Williams, Augusta, Joseph Allen, Paul Catalano, and John Spengler. "The Role of Individual and Small-Area Social and Environmental Factors on Heat Vulnerability to Mortality Within and Outside of the Home in Boston, MA." Climate 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8020029.

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Climate change is resulting in heatwaves that are more frequent, severe, and longer lasting, which is projected to double-to-triple the heat-related mortality in Boston, MA if adequate climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies are not implemented. A case-only analysis was used to examine subject and small-area neighborhood characteristics that modified the association between hot days and mortality. Deaths of Boston, Massachusetts residents that occurred from 2000–2015 were analyzed in relation to the daily temperature and heat index during the warm season as part of the case-only analysis. The modification by small-area (census tract, CT) social, and environmental (natural and built) factors was assessed. At-home mortality on hot days was driven by both social and environmental factors, differentially across the City of Boston census tracts, with a greater proportion of low-to-no income individuals or those with limited English proficiency being more highly represented among those who died during the study period; but small-area built environment features, like street trees and enhanced energy efficiency, were able to reduce the relative odds of death within and outside the home. At temperatures below current local thresholds used for heat warnings and advisories, there was increased relative odds of death from substance abuse and assault-related altercations. Geographic weighted regression analyses were used to examine these relationships spatially within a subset of at-home deaths with high-resolution temperature and humidity data. This revealed spatially heterogeneous associations between at-home mortality and social and environmental vulnerability factors.
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3

Curtis, Heather D. "Visions of Self, Success, and Society among Young Men in Antebellum Boston." Church History 73, no. 3 (September 2004): 613–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700098310.

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When Dwight L. Moody left his native town of Northfield, Massachusetts, for Boston in 1854, he was one among hundreds of young men flocking to urban centers in hopes of achieving greater prosperity and “success” in mercantile careers than their families had attained through agricultural pursuits or village commerce. This trend was part of a larger pattern of urban growth that began in the early nineteenth century, fueled by both foreign immigration and the expansion of industrial capitalism. In the decades prior to the Civil War, Boston's population expanded exponentially, reaching nearly 140,000 at the time of the 1850 census, a six-fold increase since 1800. Of this number, nearly one-half were of “foreign” birth or parentage, and an additional 25,000 were “Americans” who had migrated to Boston from rural New England and other areas of the United States. Only around 50,000—or 35 percent of the total population—had been born and raised in Boston. This rapid influx of newcomers to the city provoked growing concern among native Bostonians, as the presence of rural youths, Irish Catholics, and other “outsiders” began to challenge and transform traditional patterns of social, economic, political, and religious life.
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4

DeBats, Donald A. "Hide and Seek: The Historian and Nineteenth-Century Social Accounting." Social Science History 15, no. 4 (1991): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021295.

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The problem of census undercounts, a familiar political issue for modern groups or instrumentalities that consider themselves underrepresented in the Census Bureau statistics, has only recently attracted attention from historians. While the modern “miss rate” is potentially high among some groups (the reason for the emphasis on the homeless in the 1990 census), the general rate of underenumeration appears to have diminished in recent censuses. The bureau acknowledges a net undercount of 5.6% of the population in 1940; the error declined gradually to an estimated 1.4% in 1980 (Burnham 1986; Anderson 1988; Edmondson 1988).Nineteenth-century censuses no doubt contained more serious errors. Although he did not have underenumeration specifically in mind, the administrator for the 1870 census said that “the censuses of 1850, 1860, and of 1870 are loaded with bad statistics. There are statistics in the census of 1870,I am sorry to say, where some of the results are false to the extent of one-half. They had to be published then, because the law called for it; but I took the liberty of branding them as untrustworthy and in some cases giving the reasons therefore at some length” (quoted in Sharpless and Shortridge 1975: 411). Strikingly modern quarrels surrounded the accuracy of the 1840 Boston and New Orleans censuses, while the errors in the 1870 enumeration of New York City and Philadelphia were sufficient to cause recounts of both cities (ibid. ; Knights 1971: 145).
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5

Granberry, Phillip, Christina Kim, Matthew Resseger, Jonathan Lee, Alvaro Lima, and Kevin Kang. "Who Is At Risk of Migrating? Developing Synthetic Populations to Produce Efficient Domestic Migration Rates Using the American Community Survey." Urban Science 2, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030080.

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Success in producing a population projection predominately depends on the accuracy of its migration rates. In developing an interregional, cohort-component projection methodology for the U.S. city of Boston, Massachusetts, we created an innovative approach for producing domestic migration rates with synthetic populations using 1-year, American Community Survey (ACS), and Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS). Domestic in- and out-migration rates for Boston used 2007–2014 ACS data and developed synthetic Boston and United States populations to serve as denominators for calculating these rates. To assess the reliability of these rates, we compared the means and standard deviations of eight years of these rates (2007–2014) with synthetic populations by single-year ages for females and males to rates produced from two ACS samples using the same migration data in the numerator but the prior year’s age data in the denominator. We also compared results of population projections for 2015 using these different migration rates to several 2015 U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for Boston. Results suggested our preferred rates with synthetic populations using one ACS sample for each year’s migration rates were more efficient than alternative rates using two ACS samples. Projections using these rates with synthetic populations more accurately projected Boston’s 2015 population than an alternative model with rates using the prior year’s age data.
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6

Molavi Gonabadi, M., P. Mojtabaee, and M. Taleai. "EXAMINING ASSOCIATIONS OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE NUMBER OF GEO-TAGGED TWEETS IN CENSUS BLOCK LEVEL (CASE STUDY: BOSTON)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-755-2019.

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Abstract. In this study, the aim is to help uncover some facts about who the Twitter users really are. To this purpose, geotagged twitter data from the city of Boston together with socio-economic data were used. In the first step, tweets in each census block were counted and using the Getis-Ord Gi* index the hotspots and coldspots of tweet locations were extracted. Then, a multiple linear regression was employed, having the number of tweets as the response variable and the population data, age, education, occupation and income as the explanatory variables. Hence, more insight into the relationship between the number of tweets and some socio-economic factors is obtained. Results show that the central parts of Boston are the hotspot and the southern areas are the coldspot locations with regard to tweet numbers. The regression results imply that the number of tweets shared by users in an area is related to the income, the number of people having a university degree and the number of people having each type of job in that spatial unit. The results achieved in this paper could lead to a better vision and understanding in analyzing the tweeter users’ behavior in any area of research and application.
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7

O’Brien, Daniel T. "The Action Is Everywhere, But Greater at More Localized Spatial Scales: Comparing Concentrations of Crime across Addresses, Streets, and Neighborhoods." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 56, no. 3 (October 18, 2018): 339–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427818806040.

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Objectives: Recent work has debated which geographic scale is most relevant to understanding the clustering of crime and disorder across a city. This study introduces nested Gini coefficients that help answer this question by disentangling concentrations of crime at multiple scales in a single city while also controlling for artifacts of arithmetic and urban form. Methods: The study examines six indices of crime and disorder drawn from requests for government services received by the City of Boston in 2011 for addresses ( N = 98,355) nested in street segments ( N = 13,048) nested in census tracts ( N = 178). Nested Gini coefficients assessed the average concentration at each level independent of the higher geographic unit (e.g., the streets of a single tract). Results: Concentrations were greatest at addresses, then at streets, and then at tracts. Compared to whole-city calculations, they showed equal or greater levels of concentration of crime and disorder for addresses, but lower concentrations for streets. Controlling for the number of locations on a street or in a tract also markedly diminished concentrations. Conclusions: The findings indicate a continued need to explain concentrations of crime, especially at localized geographic scales.
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8

Rogus, Stephanie, and Carolyn Dimitri. "Agriculture in urban and peri-urban areas in the United States: Highlights from the Census of Agriculture." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000040.

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AbstractUrban agriculture, a current trend in many US cities, is purported to bring enhanced food security, reduction of food waste, community building, open green space in cities and higher property values. However, the literature lacks an understanding of whether urban farming has extended beyond a compelling concept into the practice of farming in the city and peri-urban areas. The exact definition of an urban farm is challenging, since many urban farms have a primary mission of supporting social goals rather than providing food. Use of the USDA definition of farm omits many self-identified urban farms, but the most consistent measure of agriculture is the Census of Agriculture. Using census data, this paper finds that urban farms are smaller than the typical farm, and while the amount of urban and peri-urban farmland declined between 2002 and 2007, the total number of farms increased. Growth in farmland is positively related to land values, suggesting that increases in urban farmland are more likely to take place in population dense, land scarce areas. Spatial analysis of urban and peri-urban farms in the Northeast finds fewer clusters of farms in areas with high land costs. In the most populous Northeastern cities, the farms are more likely to be located in the peri-urban area than in the urban core. Urban farms in the Northeast were more likely to produce vegetables, eggs and goats. Significant levels of vegetable farm clusters were detected surrounding Providence, Boston and Hartford Metropolitan Statistical Areas, which are regions that had no significant level of clustering of total farms. Future analysis, incorporating data from the 2012 census, should provide insight into whether local policy changes have resulted in growth in urban farms and farmland.
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9

Credit, Kevin, and Elizabeth Mack. "Place-making and performance: The impact of walkable built environments on business performance in Phoenix and Boston." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 2 (May 24, 2017): 264–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317710466.

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This paper examines the importance of place-making in economic development by evaluating the relationship between specific urban design features – based on Jacobs’ “four generators of diversity” and Ewing and Cervero’s “Five-D’s” – and business sales volume. Despite the increased recognition of the importance of walkable urbanism in recent years, relatively little research has assessed the potential economic development benefits of walkable places. While a few authors have assessed the impact of urban design on property values, this paper fills a gap by examining links between components of walkable built environments and individual business characteristics. This paper uses a Hierarchical Linear Modeling framework to explicitly look at the relationship between neighborhood built environment features at the Census tract level and the sales volume per employee of individual businesses in 2010. The cities of Phoenix and Boston are used as contrasting study sites in order to inspect how larger regional characteristics influence the built environment–performance link. The results indicate that specific features of walkable built environments are positively associated with business performance. However, the relationship between walkable built environments and business performance varies considerably depending on the type of business and city-level context being studied, indicating that significant nuance must be used when considering place-based economic interventions. Although no causal statements can be made about the built environment and business performance, the results of this paper indicate that (in some contexts) design-based place-making initiatives could be used to generate sustainable local economic development.
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10

Berhie, Girmay Kifle, and Saif Haq. "Land Use and Transport Mode choices: Space Syntax Analysis of American Cities." Enquiry A Journal for Architectural Research 14, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17831/enq:arcc.v14i1.429.

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Natural movement theory (from space syntax literature) postulates that configuration of the urban grid is an important generator of aggregate patterns of movement in urban areas (Hillier et al. 1993). In addition, movement economy theory asserts that retail and commercial activities migrate to configurationally hotspot locations to take advantage of the economic opportunities created by movement (Hillier 1996). These concentrations of retail and commercial activities are also the work places for a good number of people and in turn, will influence the choices of residential locations. Since journey-distance and time are two very important factors influencing transport mode choice, (Plaut 2005; Wardman, Tight, and Page 2007; Pucher and Dijkstra 2003; Schwanen and Mokhtarian 2005). This paper hypothesized that the locations of retails and commercial areas as understood by their space syntax derived configurational index, will first affect the choices of residential locations and also influence choices of commuting mode. This hypothesis is tested in four US cities of Boston, Pittsburgh, Lubbock, and Salt Lake City using data collected from online open source database of the respective cities and US census bureau. Space Syntax topological and angular analyses of CAD drawn axial lines and street centerlines extracted from GIS maps are performed for all cities. ArcGIS spatial analysis tools were applied to combine land use, socio-economic & demographic, transportation and Space Syntax variables to the scale of census block-groups that was selected as the study unit. Multiple regression analyses are carried out to identify relevant and significant variables explaining each mode of transport. The findings indicate that Space Syntax variables play an important role in explaining choice of commuting mode. In addition, several linear regression analyses are performed to examine the land use and transport mode choice in the context of street configuration. The results indicate that commercial and retail concentration were positively correlated with integration cores. Following general trend of space syntax findings, commuters tend to live at configurationally segregated areas while walkers and bicycle riders tend to live in configurationally integrated areas where commercial and retail activities are concentrated. Regarding the differences of layout types, the results of comparative analysis between gridded and non-gridded cities indicates that closeness variable called ‘integration’ and between-ness variable called ‘choice’ are relevant to explain walking and driving modes in non-gridded and gridded cities respectively.
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Books on the topic "Boston City Census"

1

Jackson, Ronald Vern. Massachusetts, 1860, Suffolk County (includes city of Boston), federal census index. West Jordan, Utah: Genealogical Services, 1996.

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2

Commission, Massachusetts Decennial Census. Communication from the Secretary of the Commonwealth submitting results of the determination and verification by the Decennial Census Commission relative to a census of the inhabitants of the city of Boston: Under Article CI of the amendments to the Constitution, as amended by Article CIX, and Section 7 of Chapter 9 of the General Laws. [Boston]: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1987.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, east Boston, 02128, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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4

Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, south Boston 02128, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, south Boston 02128, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, central Boston, 02109, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, central Boston 02108, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, central Boston, 02110, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, central Boston / north end, 02113, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Authority, Boston Redevelopment. City of Boston zip code area series, central Boston / west end, 02114, 1990 population and housing tables, U.S. census summary tape file 3. 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Boston City Census"

1

Clark, Justin T. "Epilogue." In City of Second Sight, 198–208. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469638737.003.0008.

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By the end of the antebellum period, Bostonians’ habit of idealizing the urban landscape was yielding to the new transatlantic fashion of realism. Rather than idealize the city, realist writers and artists such as Winslow Homer documented it in detached and comprehensive detail. The declining commitment to a collective and idealized way of seeing can be read in a variety of domains, including art criticism, psychology, and even ophthalmology. The epilogue explains the rise of realism in Boston in terms of the development of middle class cultural institutions, suburbanization and geographic stratification. Less concerned with how Bostonians saw, a new generation of reformers and censors (such as the Watch and Ward Society) became exclusively preoccupied with what Bostonians saw.
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