Academic literature on the topic 'Boston Model City Areas'

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Journal articles on the topic "Boston Model City Areas"

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Kemp, Barry. "A model of Tell el-Amarna." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00065996.

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Tell el-Amarna, the short-lived capital built by the pharaoh Akhenaten around 1350 BC, remains the largest ancient city in Egypt which is still above ground. Over the last century a succession of archaeological expeditions has revealed large areas of its plan. During 1999 the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, in connection with a temporary exhibition of Amarna art, commissioned a 1:400-scale model of a major part of the city, based on the survey which, in recent years, the Egypt Exploration Society has carried out. It was designed by Mallinson Architects, with advice from Bany Kemp, field director of the EES expedition to Amarna, and built by a Clapham firm of architectural modelmakers, Tetra (Andy Ingham Associates). The completed model measures 12 x 10 feet (3.7 x 3.0 metres).
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Wang, Liang, and Dan Li. "Urban Heat Islands during Heat Waves: A Comparative Study between Boston and Phoenix." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60, no. 5 (May 2021): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0132.1.

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AbstractIn this study, we simulate the magnitude of urban heat islands (UHIs) during heat wave (HWs) in two cities with contrasting climates (Boston, Massachusetts, and Phoenix, Arizona) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and quantify their drivers with a newly developed attribution method. During the daytime, a surface UHI (SUHI) is found in Boston, which is mainly caused by the higher urban surface resistance that reduces the latent heat flux and the higher urban aerodynamic resistance ra that inhibits convective heat transfer between the urban surface and the lower atmosphere. In contrast, a daytime surface urban cool island is found in Phoenix, which is mainly due to the lower urban ra that facilitates convective heat transfer. In terms of near-surface air UHI (AUHI), there is almost no daytime AUHI in either city. At night, an SUHI and an AUHI are identified in Boston that are due to the stronger release of heat storage in urban areas. In comparison, the lower urban ra in Phoenix enhances convective heat transfer from the atmosphere to the urban surface at night, leading to a positive SUHI but no AUHI. Our study highlights that the magnitude of UHIs or urban cool islands is strongly controlled by urban–rural differences in terms of aerodynamic features, vegetation and moisture conditions, and heat storage, which show contrasting characteristics in different regions.
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Sassler, Sharon, and Michael J. White. "Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Mobility in 1910." Social Science History 21, no. 3 (1997): 321–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017776.

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The belief that the social class position an individual inherits at birth is not itself a prime determinant of subsequent personal achievement is a cherished part of American democratic tradition. Social historians attempting to measure whether the mobility opportunities so eagerly sought by immigrants were in fact realized have looked at the occupations of immigrant men and their sons. Evidence from such diverse areas as Boston, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and New York City indicates that at the turn of the century many men did experience upward occupational mobility; some groups, notably blacks, did not fare as well as did white immigrants, and not all white immigrants experienced the same rates of occupational improvement (Bodnar et al. 1982; Lieberson 1980; Model 1988; Thernstrom 1964, 1973; Zunz 1982). This essay turns to the first decade of the twentieth century to explore some of the factors contributing to socioeconomic mobility.
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Angevine, Wayne M., Michael Tjernström, and Mark Žagar. "Modeling of the Coastal Boundary Layer and Pollutant Transport in New England." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2333.1.

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Abstract Concentrations of ozone exceeding regulatory standards are regularly observed along the coasts of New Hampshire and Maine in summer. These events are primarily caused by the transport of pollutants from urban areas in Massachusetts and farther south and west. Pollutant transport is most efficient over the ocean. The coastline makes transport processes complex because it makes the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer complex. During pollution episodes, the air over land in daytime is warmer than the sea surface, so air transported from land over water becomes statically stable and the formerly well-mixed boundary layer separates into possibly several layers, each transported in a different direction. This study examines several of the atmospheric boundary layer processes involved in pollutant transport. A three-dimensional model [the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)] run on grids of 2.5 and 7.5 km is used to examine the winds, thermodynamic structure, and structure of tracer plumes emitted from Boston, Massachusetts, and New York City, New York, in two different real cases—one dominated by large-scale transport (22–23 July 2002) and one with important mesoscale effects (11–14 August 2002). The model simulations are compared with measurements taken during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study. The model simulates the basic structure of the two different episodes well. The boundary layer stability over the cold water is weaker in the model than in reality. The tracer allows for easy visualization of the pollutant transport.
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Ranjbar Nooshery, N., M. Taleai, R. Kazemi, and K. Ebadi. "DEVELOPING A WEB-BASED PPGIS, AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING SERVICE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 12, 2017): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-115-2017.

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Today municipalities are searching for new tools to empower locals for changing the future of their own areas by increasing their participation in different levels of urban planning. These tools should involve the community in planning process using participatory approaches instead of long traditional top-down planning models and help municipalities to obtain proper insight about major problems of urban neighborhoods from the residents’ point of view. In this matter, public participation GIS (PPGIS) which enables citizens to record and following up their feeling and spatial knowledge regarding problems of the city in the form of maps have been introduced. In this research, a tool entitled CAER (Collecting & Analyzing of Environmental Reports) is developed. In the first step, a software framework based on Web-GIS tool, called EPGIS (Environmental Participatory GIS) has been designed to support public participation in reporting urban environmental problems and to facilitate data flow between citizens and municipality. A web-based cartography tool was employed for geo-visualization and dissemination of map-based reports. In the second step of CAER, a subsystem is developed based on SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing), as a data mining tools to elicit the local knowledge facilitating bottom-up urban planning practices and to help urban managers to find hidden relations among the recorded reports. This system is implemented in a case study area in Boston, Massachusetts and its usability was evaluated. The CAER should be considered as bottom-up planning tools to collect people’s problems and views about their neighborhood and transmits them to the city officials. It also helps urban planners to find solutions for better management from citizen’s viewpoint and gives them this chance to develop good plans to the neighborhoods that should be satisfied the citizens.
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Herndon, Ruth Wallis, and Amilcar E. Challú. "Mapping the Boston Poor: Inmates of the Boston Almshouse, 1795–1801." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 1 (May 2013): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00501.

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Documentary and geographical evidence about Boston from 1795 to 1801 reveals distinct patterns in poor people's use of the Boston Almshouse and in their areas of residence within the city. A much higher percentage of Almshouse inmates came from Boston's densely populated North End than from less urban areas with lower population densities. They clustered in distinctive ways—immigrants tending to come from districts close to commercial and shipping areas, and women and families from the outskirts of town. Recurrent users of the almshouse were highly mobile, likely to have changed their ward of residence at least once from 1795 to 1801. This geographical mobility on the part of the poor continuously recreated the city and challenged the contours of class and tradition.
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Cappelle, Cindy, Maan E. El Najjar, François Charpillet, and Denis Pomorski. "Virtual 3D City Model for Navigation in Urban Areas." Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 66, no. 3 (July 8, 2011): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-011-9594-0.

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Hart, Emma, Robert J. Allison, Paul P. Musselwhite, Daniel K. Richter, and Mark Peterson. "Cities, States, and Citizens in the Atlantic World: Towards a New Narrative." Journal of Early American History 10, no. 2-3 (December 18, 2020): 179–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-10020001.

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Abstract In his book Mark Peterson presents an innovative perspective on the development of Boston and its New England hinterland as an early modern city-state. His purpose was to tell the story of Boston in its own right, shedding US national history as the dominant interpretative framework. The four reviewers pick up various strands, focusing, among others, on the validity of the city-state concept, especially as Boston did not become an incorporated city until 1822, criticize what one of them sees as an attempt to return New England to the center of early American historiography, and assess whether the city-state model can be applied elsewhere in early America and in the Atlantic World. In his response, Peterson argues that his aim was not to propose a city-state paradigm for comparative purposes, but rather to employ the city-state concept as the best way to explain Boston’s historical trajectory over two centuries, and to highlight the contingency of US history.
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Badawi, Hawazin Faiz, Fedwa Laamarti, and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik. "Devising Digital Twins DNA Paradigm for Modeling ISO-Based City Services." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041047.

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Digital twins (DTs) technology has recently gained attention within the research community due to its potential to help build sustainable smart cities. However, there is a gap in the literature: currently no unified model for city services has been proposed that can guarantee interoperability across cities, capture each city’s unique characteristics, and act as a base for modeling digital twins. This research aims to fill that gap. In this work, we propose the DT-DNA model in which we design a city services digital twin, with the goal of reflecting the real state of development of a city’s services towards enhancing its citizens’ quality of life (QoL). As it was designed using ISO 37120, one of the leading international standards for city services, the model guarantees interoperability and allows for easy comparison of services within and across cities. In order to test our model, we built DT-DNA sequences of services in both Quebec City and Boston and then used a DNA alignment tool to determine the matching percentage between them. Results show that the DT-DNA sequences of services in both cities are 46.5% identical. Ground truth comparisons show a similar result, which provides a preliminary proof-of-concept for the applicability of the proposed model and framework. These results also imply that one city performs better than the other. Therefore, we propose an algorithm to compare cities based on the proposed DT-DNA and, using Boston and Quebec City as a case study, demonstrate that Boston has better services towards enhancing QoL for its citizens.
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Dimitrov, H., and D. Petrova-Antonova. "3D CITY MODEL AS A FIRST STEP TOWARDS DIGITAL TWIN OF SOFIA CITY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-23-2021.

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Abstract. Semantic 3D city models are increasingly applied for a wide range of analysis and simulations of large urban areas. Such models are used as a foundation for development of city digital twins, representing with high accuracy the landscapes and urban areas as well as dynamic of the city in terms of processes and events. In this context, this paper presents a 3D city model, which is a starting point for development of digital twin of Sofia city. The 3D model is compliant with CityGML 2.0 in LOD1, supporting integration of the buildings and terrain and enriching the buildings’ attributes with address information. District Lozenets of Sofia city is chosen as a pilot area for modelling. An approach for 3D transformation of proprietary geospatial data into CityGML schemas is presented. The integration of the buildings and terrain is an essential part of it, since the buildings often partially float over or sink into the terrain. A web application for user interaction with the 3D city model is developed. Its main features include silhouetting a single building, showing relevant overlay content, displaying shadows and styling of buildings depending on their attributes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boston Model City Areas"

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Maoh, Hanna Francis. "Modeling firm demography in urban areas with an application to Hamilton, Ontario: towards an agent-based microsimulation model /." *McMaster only, 2005.

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Morgenbesser, Audrey Faye. "Going national: nonprofit growth through geographic expansion." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31988.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This research focused on understanding the process of nonprofit growth through geographic expansion, including challenges, opportunities, and critical decision points. A qualitative case study design was used. City Year and Citizen Schools, two Boston based, youth-serving organizations, served as the subjects of this study. Data collection included interviews with founders/leaders, board members, staff members, and other key informants; observation; and a review of internal and external documents. Using the principles of grounded theory, a Preliminary Nonprofit Geographic Expansion Model was developed through analysis of the two cases. Several major themes that emerged from the analysis were explored. This discussion of themes led to a Revised Nonprofit Geographic Expansion Model. Further study is required to test the generalizability of the Revised Nonprofit Expansion Model and relevant insights.
2031-01-02
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KUNDRA, VISHAL. "THE EFFECTS OF SUBURBAN NON-RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1025205665.

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Hsueh, Fang-Wei, and 薛方瑋. "Strategic Positioning of Tourist Hotels of Four Areas in Taiwan: The Application of Boston Consulting Group (BCG)-like Matrix Model." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a3zpw8.

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碩士
國立交通大學
企業管理碩士學程
103
This study analyzes the revenue structure of tourist hotels from different four areas in Taiwan and use a quantitative method to describe the change of the individual positioning from the last 14 years. We use the Mann-Whitney U test to exam if there are significant difference shows in the food &; beverage (F&;B) revenue of these four areas. Besides, we also adopt the BCG matrix, which was develop by Boston Consulting Group in 1970 s, to depict the area-based change and dynamic positioning of single famous hotels from 2001 to 2014. Empirical results show that room and F&;B revenue grow with the time. The tourist hotels located in northern and southern regions equally focus on both two revenues and are also the most internationalized ones in four areas. The central region did not show any specific pattern of change. The tourist hotels in eastern region mainly rely on the room revenue. Additionally, not only the international tourist hotels but also the standard tourist hotels in four areas are getting more internationalized.
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Kuo, Shao-Hsiang, and 郭少翔. "Using trajectory model and weather patterns to investigate PM2.5 potential source areas of Taichung City." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9m3kun.

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碩士
國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
106
This study used Trajectory model (Traj) combined with trajectory clustering and hybrid receptor models, which include potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT), to investigate transport trajectories and potential source areas of PM2.5 of Taichung City in six different synoptic patterns (C1 ~ C6). The synoptic patterns C1, C5, and C6 frequently appear in winter while C3 and C4 mainly appear in summer. The result of hybrid receptor models show that the most potential PM2.5 pollution source areas were identified by trajectories of C1 and C2. The high potential pollution source areas were found around the coastal regions of Taichung City and Miaoli County. Furthermore, these high potential PM2.5 pollution source areas are found located within the real-world regions that exhibit high PM2.5 emissions listed in Taiwan emission data system (TEDS 9.0). It indicates that the potential pollution source areas screened by this study have considerable reference value.
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Cho, Chih-Wei, and 卓致瑋. "A Priority Assessment Model for Implementing the TOD Strategies along the Rapid Transit Station Areas for Kaohsiung City." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29425635974975391302.

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碩士
國立成功大學
都市計劃學系碩博士班
92
As the rapid transit system has been built in Taiwan’s cities, the urban plan strategy for the mass transit system began to appear, trying to expand the capacity of the mass transit, and upgrade the efficacy and quality of land use by integrating the mass transit and land use. But due to the lack of mass transit system in Taiwan’s cities in the early years, the urban development constrained by the roads, and the disorderly land use, it is not easy to drive the TOD. Through the AHP, this study wants to select the rapid transit station areas in which the TOD is practicable as an example of early implementation. The evaluation process shows that when the TOD is driven along the rapid transit station areas, it is necessary to improve and adjust environmental factors and combine the related strategic tools. In doing so, the TOD implementation strategy for station areas can be developed.
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Shuyi, Yang. "Economic growth pattern in restricted areas: the case study of Kangding City in Sichuan Province." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17621.

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The construction of regional development patterns based on the main functional areas is a major strategic innovation which not only conforms to the national regional policy but also incorporates regional features. On June 8, 2011, the state council issued the National Main Function Area Planning to readjust guiding thoughts of regional development of our country. In 2013, Sichuan province formulated and published the Main Function Area Planning which divided the restricted areas into main producing areas of agricultural products and key ecological functional areas. And among them, the key ecological functional areas are the important research subject of this thesis. In light of the strategic pattern of main functional areas, the structure of regional interests has undergone a major adjustment, which means that economic devolopment pattern in restricted areas need a foundamental transformation. Such areas need to build up economic system rooted in main functions and enhance their self-sustainability. It also poses a new challenge for policymakers in these areas. Research on economic growth pattern of restricted areas has become an important topic in the study of China’s regional economic theory.
A definição de padrões de desenvolvimento regionais baseados em áreas funcionais principais constitui uma inovação estratégica, que não só está de acordo com as políticas regionais, mas também permite a inclusão das características específicas de cada região. A 8 de junho de 2011as autoridades nacionais Chinesas publicaram o documento intitulado National Main Function Area Planning para reajustar, a nível nacional, as linhas estratégicas de desenvolvimento regional. Em 2013 a província de Sichuan editou e publicou o Main Function Area Planning que dividia as áreas de desenvolvimento restrito em dois tipos: áreas de produção maioritariamente agrícola e áreas funcionais ecológicas chave. O principal objeto de investigação desta tese é a segunda destas áreas. Tendo em consideração os padrões estratégicos das áreas funcionais principais, a estrutura dos interesses regionais tem sido sujeita a ajustamentos importantes, o que significa a necessidade de transformações fundamentais nos padrões de desenvolvimento económico das áreas de desenvolvimento restrito. Estas áreas necessitam de construir um sistema económico baseado nas funções principais e que seja autossustentado, o que constitui um novo desafio para as políticas públicas. Os padrões de crescimento económico em áreas de desenvolvimento restrito tornou-se um importante tópico de investigação na teoria económica regional da China.
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Ya-TingShei and 謝雅婷. "Using SEED CA model to study the behavior of built-up areas growth of the fifth district of urban consolidation in Tainan City." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88344551643409974858.

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PAN, CHENG-YU, and 潘承佑. "A study on the Reading Certificate System for the Elementary Schools in Taichung City of the Educational Priority Areas in Changhua based on Technology Acceptance Model." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79dq5e.

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碩士
中華大學
工業管理學系碩士班
101
As our society moves to the information age, improving students’ reading competencies has become one of the major issues in today’s education. Many schools have actively implemented “The Reading Certificate System for the Elementary Schools in Taichung City”, aiming to assess and enhance students’ reading competencies by using system-generated timely feedback. Prior research found that 89.4% of elementary students in Taichung indicated their satisfaction to the system, which implies that the system was implemented successfully in Taichung city. However, whether the system could be implemented as successfully for children in the lower socioeconomic areas (Educational Priority Areas or EPA) remained questionable. Therefore, this study surveyed EPA students in Changhua County to investigate these children’s acceptance of The Reading Certificate System for the Elementary Schools in Taichung City. The researcher used TAM2 to study the relationship between the variable--personal background and each dimension of the model. The findings show that children’s behavioral intentions were affected by gender, frequency of using the system, the existence of a reward system in class, and other background factors. Moreover, the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, and the perceived playfulness also greatly impacted on children’s behavioral intentions. These EPA children’s overall acceptance rate was 82.2%. It means that the acceptance of this system was not affected by the urban-rural gap, and, therefore, worth future implementation in more areas.
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Books on the topic "Boston Model City Areas"

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Galster, George C. An Econometric model of the urban opportunity sturcture: Cumulative causation among city markets, social problems & underserved areas. Washington, D.C: Fannie Mae Foundation, 1998.

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Boston (Mass.). City of Boston application for Massachusetts economic target area disignation. 1994.

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Inc, Halvorson Company. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land, neighborhood of east Boston. 1987.

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Boston (Mass. Mayor's Office of Capital Planning. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land, neighborhood of Roslindale. 1987.

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Planning, Boston Mayor's Office of Capital. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land, neighborhood of North Dorchester. 1987.

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Boston Mayor's Office of Capital Planning. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land, neighborhood of south Dorchester. 1987.

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Inc, Halvorson Company. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land: neighborhood of mattapan. 1987.

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Boston Mayor's Office of Capital Planning. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land: neighborhood of Jamaica Plain. 1987.

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Inc, Halvorson Company. Evaluation of city of Boston park and recreation land: neighborhood of hyde park. 1987.

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Galster, George C. Econometric Model of the Urban Opportunity Structure: Cumulative Causation Among City Markets, Socil Problems, and Undeserved Areas. Diane Pub Co, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Boston Model City Areas"

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Kraus, Kai, Brigitte Braun, and Thomas Bäumer. "Creation of a Scoring-Model to Measure the Attractiveness of Middle-Sized City-Centres for Consumers." In Innovations for Metropolitan Areas, 185–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60806-7_15.

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Sárdi, Dávid Lajos, and Krisztián Bóna. "AHP-Based Multicriterial Ranking Model for the City Logistics Analysis of Urban Areas." In LISS 2020, 45–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4359-7_4.

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Osaragi, Toshihiro, and Teruo Nishimatsu. "A Model of Land Use Change in City Areas Based on the Conversion of Unit Lots." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 31–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37533-0_3.

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Khelf, Mouloud, Salim Boukebbab, and Mohamed Salah Boulahlib. "A Mathematical Model to Regulate Roads Traffic in Order to Decongest the Urban Areas of Constantine City." In Dependability Engineering and Complex Systems, 279–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39639-2_24.

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Alexandrov, A., R. Andreev, S. Ilchev, A. Boneva, S. Ivanov, and J. Doshev. "WSN-Based Prediction Model of Microclimate in a City Urbanized Areas Based on Extreme Learning and Kalman Filter." In Advances in High Performance Computing, 15–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55347-0_2.

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Yao, Zhou, Shuihai Dou, Guanyi Liu, and Yanping Du. "Research on the Common Delivery Model of Express Logistics in Urban and Rural Areas—A Case Study on Lujiang County, Hefei City." In LISS 2020, 583–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4359-7_41.

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Rey, Emmanuel, Martine Laprise, and Sophie Lufkin. "The Multiple Potentials of Urban Brownfields." In Neighbourhoods in Transition, 47–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82208-8_3.

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AbstractThe phenomenon of urban brownfields is significant throughout European metropolitan areas. In this chapter, we assess, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, the inherent potential of urban brownfields to provide a relevant and substantial densification strategy for metropolitan areas. First, we explore the various opportunities for improvement of the built environment offered by urban brownfields in terms of environment, society, and economics, which are the core principles of sustainable development. This analysis is, inter alia, a juxtaposition between urban brownfields and the compact and polycentric city model, adapted to the metropolitan area. While brownfield regeneration appears to be a relevant densification strategy, it nevertheless implies that a sufficient reserve of land is available to engage policymakers. Thus, we attempt to estimate the urban brownfield stock in three countries: the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and France. The data subsequently serves as a basis for our calculation of the theoretical construction potential of brownfield sites.
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Scuderi, Alessandro, Luisa Sturiale, Giuseppe Timpanaro, Giovanni La Via, and Biagio Pecorino. "A Possible Circular Approach for Social Perception of Climate Adaptation Action Planning in Metropolitan Cities." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 155–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_11.

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AbstractOne of the factors that will affect the livability of cities and the overall citizens’ quality of life in the future is certainly climate change. Urban areas will play a fundamental role in the commitment against climate change and will have to develop appropriate adaptation actions, in accordance with the European Strategy against climate change, including the planning and implementation of Green Infrastructures (GIs). They produce various environmental and social benefits in the urban context. Various studies have shown that citizenship involvement at all levels is necessary for the evaluation of the sharing of the proposed projects. The research proposes an innovative methodological model to support administrations in the strategic planning choice of GIs according to a shared and circular approach. To perform a multi-layer assessment, the multi-criteria evaluation will be combined with the circular evaluation model called Green City Circle. The evaluation is set up as a circular process, followed by a first investigative phase, followed by a proactive phase of solutions and an implementation phase up to a final stage of evaluation of the results and strategies for long-term sustainability. The study was carried out in the city of Catania to test a planning and management tool for GIs envisaged by the administration as win–win climate adaptation measures.
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Yao, Wei, and Jianwei Wu. "Airborne LiDAR for Detection and Characterization of Urban Objects and Traffic Dynamics." In Urban Informatics, 367–400. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_22.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we present an advanced machine learning strategy to detect objects and characterize traffic dynamics in complex urban areas by airborne LiDAR. Both static and dynamical properties of large-scale urban areas can be characterized in a highly automatic way. First, LiDAR point clouds are colorized by co-registration with images if available. After that, all data points are grid-fitted into the raster format in order to facilitate acquiring spatial context information per-pixel or per-point. Then, various spatial-statistical and spectral features can be extracted using a cuboid volumetric neighborhood. The most important features highlighted by the feature-relevance assessment, such as LiDAR intensity, NDVI, and planarity or covariance-based features, are selected to span the feature space for the AdaBoost classifier. Classification results as labeled points or pixels are acquired based on pre-selected training data for the objects of building, tree, vehicle, and natural ground. Based on the urban classification results, traffic-related vehicle motion can further be indicated and determined by analyzing and inverting the motion artifact model pertinent to airborne LiDAR. The performance of the developed strategy towards detecting various urban objects is extensively evaluated using both public ISPRS benchmarks and peculiar experimental datasets, which were acquired across European and Canadian downtown areas. Both semantic and geometric criteria are used to assess the experimental results at both per-pixel and per-object levels. In the datasets of typical city areas requiring co-registration of imagery and LiDAR point clouds a priori, the AdaBoost classifier achieves a detection accuracy of up to 90% for buildings, up to 72% for trees, and up to 80% for natural ground, while a low and robust false-positive rate is observed for all the test sites regardless of object class to be evaluated. Both theoretical and simulated studies for performance analysis show that the velocity estimation of fast-moving vehicles is promising and accurate, whereas slow-moving ones are hard to distinguish and yet estimated with acceptable velocity accuracy. Moreover, the point density of ALS data tends to be related to system performance. The velocity can be estimated with high accuracy for nearly all possible observation geometries except for those vehicles moving in or (quasi-)along the track. By comparative performance analysis of the test sites, the performance and consistent reliability of the developed strategy for the detection and characterization of urban objects and traffic dynamics from airborne LiDAR data based on selected features was validated and achieved.
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"Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems." In Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems, edited by Terry M. Short, Elise M. P. Giddings, Humbert Zappia, and James F. Coles. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569735.ch18.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Relations between stream habitat and urban land-use intensity were examined in 90 stream reaches located in or near the metropolitan areas of Salt Lake City, Utah (SLC); Birmingham, Alabama (BIR); and Boston, Massachusetts (BOS). Urban intensity was based on a multi-metric index (urban intensity index or UII) that included measures of land cover, socioeconomic organization, and urban infrastructure. Twenty-eight physical variables describing channel morphology, hydraulic properties, and streambed conditions were examined. None of the habitat variables was significantly correlated with urbanization intensity in all three study areas. Urbanization effects on stream habitat were less apparent for streams in SLC and BIR, owing to the strong influence of basin slope (SLC) and drought conditions (BIR) on local flow regimes. Streamflow in the BOS study area was not unduly influenced by similar conditions of climate and physiography, and habitat conditions in these streams were more responsive to urbanization. Urbanization in BOS contributed to higher discharge, channel deepening, and increased loading of fine-grained particles to stream channels. The modifying influence of basin slope and climate on hydrology of streams in SLC and BIR limited our ability to effectively compare habitat responses among different urban settings and identify common responses that might be of interest to restoration or water management programs. Successful application of land-use models such as the UII to compare urbanization effects on stream habitat in different environmental settings must account for inherent differences in natural and anthropogenic factors affecting stream hydrology and geomorphology. The challenge to future management of urban development is to further quantify these differences by building upon existing models, and ultimately develop a broader understanding of urbanization effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Conference papers on the topic "Boston Model City Areas"

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Listyarini, S., L. Warlina, E. Indrawati, and T. Pardede. "Optimization model for predicting green areas in Jakarta to minimize impacts of climate change." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc140261.

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Marina, O., E. Masala, S. Pensa, and M. Stavric. "Interactive model of urban development in residential areas in Skopje." In Usage, Usability, and Utility of 3D City Models – European COST Action TU0801, edited by T. Leduc, G. Moreau, and R. Billen. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/3u3d/201202004.

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Zhou, Peiling, and Fei Yuan. "Study on Numerical Simulation Model of Spatio-Temporal Evolution in Dynamic Gob Areas." In 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitbs49701.2020.00233.

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Darvish, B., R. Sarvar, and F. Sh Moghaddam. "Structural analysis, measurement of a spatial distribution model and classification of the construction of urban areas based on the benefit from urban services: case study – five districts of Zahedan." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc160591.

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Barbosa, Fábio C. "High Speed Rail Technology: Increased Mobility With Efficient Capacity Allocation and Improved Environmental Performance." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6137.

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The increasing movement of people and products caused by modern economic dynamics has burdened transportation systems. Both industrialized and developing countries have faced transportation problems in urbanized regions and in their major intercity corridors. Regional and highway congestion have become a chronic problem, causing longer travel times, economic inefficiencies, deterioration of the environment and quality of life. Congestion problems are also occurring at airports and air corridors, with similar negative effects. In the medium distance travel market (from 160 up to 800 km), too far to drive and too short to fly, High Speed Rail (HSR) technology has emerged as a modern transportation system, as it is the most efficient means for transporting large passenger volumes with high speed, reliability, safety, passenger comfort and environmental performance. HSR system’s feasibility will depend on its capacity to generate social benefits (i.e. increased mobility rates, reduced congestion, capacity increase and reduced environmental costs), to be balanced with the high construction, maintenance and operational costs. So, it is essential to select HSR corridors with strong passenger demands to maximize these benefits. The first HSR line was Japan’s Shinkansen service, a dedicated HSR system, between Tokyo and Osaka, launched in 1964, which is currently the most heavily loaded HSR corridor in the world. France took the next step, launching the Train à Grande Vitesse (TGV), in 1981, with a dedicated line with shared-use segments in urban areas, running between Paris and Lyon. Germany joined the venture in the early 1990 with the Inter City Express – ICE, with a coordinated program of improvements in existent rail infrastructure and Spain, in 1992, with the Alta Velocidad Espanola – AVE, with dedicated greenfield lines. Since then, these systems have continuously expanded their network. Currently, many countries are evaluating the construction of new HSR lines, with European Commission deeming the expansion of the Trans European Network as a priority. United Kingdom, for example, has just awarded construction contracts for building the so called HS2, an HSRexpanded line linking London to the northern territory. China, with its dynamic economic development, has launched its HSR network in 2007 and has sped up working on its expansion, and currently holds the highest HSR network. United States, which currently operates high speed trainsets into an operationally restricted corridor (the so called Northeast Corridor (NEC), linking Washington, New York and Boston), has also embarked into the high speed rail world with the launch of Californian HSR Project, currently under construction, aimed to link Los Angeles to San Francisco mega regions, the ongoing studies for Texas HSR project, to connect Dallas to Houston, into a wholly privately funding model, as well as studies for a medium to long term NEC upgrade for HSR. Australia and Brazil are also seeking to design and launch their first HSR service, into a time consuming process, in which a deep discussion about social feasibility and affordability is under way. This work is supposed to present an overview of HSR technology worldwide, with an assessment of the main technical, operational and economical features of Asian and European HSR systems, followed by a snapshot of the general guidelines applied to some planned HSR projects, highlighting their demand attraction potential, estimated costs, as well as their projected economic and environmental benefits.
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Garip, Ervin. "AN INTEGRATED URBAN DESIGN AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT MODEL: URBAN PUBLIC AREAS AS EXTERNAL GARDENS OF THE CITY." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/5.3/s21.006.

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Soheilian, Bahman, Olivier Tournaire, Nicolas Paparoditis, Bruno Vallet, and Jean-Pierre Papelard. "Generation of an integrated 3D city model with visual landmarks for autonomous navigation in dense urban areas." In 2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629486.

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Alfonso-Solar, David, Paula Bastida-Molina, Lina Montuori, and Carlos Vargas-Salgado. "Monitoring and evaluation of thermal comfort in urban areas: application to Valencia city." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10198.

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In this paper, it is presented preliminary results of a methodology for thermal comfort monitoring and evaluation in urban areas based on local metering of ambient conditions and Rayman model application. In the framework of GROWGREEN European project it was installed six monitoring stations for data acquisition of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and black globe temperature. Data of first 5 months of monitoring and modelling of one location with Rayman model to calculate PET (physiological equivalent temperature) is presented. Based on PET it was calculated the percentage of hours with thermal comfort per month, and it was made a comparison between PET and black globe temperature (GT) in order to evaluate the suitability of GT as a single, low cost and robust indicator of thermal comfort in urban areas.
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Valsamos, George, Christos Theodosiou, and Sotirios Natsiavas. "Periodic Steady State Response and Fatigue Analysis of a Nonlinear City Bus Model." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87320.

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Dynamic response related to fatigue prediction of an urban bus is investigated. First, a quite complete model subjected to road excitation is employed in order to extract sufficiently reliable and accurate information in a fast way. The bus model is set up by applying the finite element method, resulting to an excessive number of degrees of freedom. In addition, the bus suspension units involve nonlinear characterstics. A step towards alleviating this difficulty is the application of an appropriate coordinate transformation, causing a drastic reduction in the dimension of the final set of the equations of motion. This allows the application of a systematic numerical methodology leading to direct determination of periodic steady state response of nonlinear models subjected to periodic excitation. Next, typical results were obtained for excitation resulting from selected urban road profiles. These profiles have either a known form or known statistical properties, expressed by an appropriate spatial power spectral density function. In all cases examined, the emphasis was put on investigating ride response. The main attention was focused on identifying areas of the bus suspension and frame subsystems where high stress levels are developed. This information is based on the idea of a nonlinear transfer function and provides the basis for applying suitable criteria in order to perform analyses leading to prediction of fatigue failure.
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Ruiz-Varona, Ana, and Jorge León-Casero. "Social Risk Map. The design of a complementary methodology to vulnerability indexes applied to urban rehabilitation activity." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5060.

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Conception of urban intervention in the city is increasingly mutating from a physical urban renewal to an integrated urban approach. That is to say, measures concerning physical urban renewal should be combined with measures promoting education, economic development, social inclusion and environmental protection (European Commission, 2014). Current methodologies applied to the analysis of potential distressed areas are based on quantitative variables. The combination of these variables into a matrix characterizes the areas of the city that are subjected to different grades of intervention in terms of urban vulnerability and social exclusion. However, literature demonstrates that there are still few tools capable of measuring spatially which areas are the most sensitive to the decline in social relations within the city. Research on social maps suggests that potential attractors and risk areas can be identified from the design of a methodology based on the social perception of the public space. The application of this methodology to different case studies at the neighborhood level shows the correlation between urban vulnerability approach (quantitative) and social perception (qualitative). Indeed, perception and characterization of social risk areas empowers current urban vulnerability indicators for the integrated urban approach. Findings validate the utility of this methodology for the implementation of this model to cities and illustrate the social sphere of analysis as a platform from which to assess risk in urbanized areas
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Reports on the topic "Boston Model City Areas"

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.

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This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.
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Bao, Jieyi, Xiaoqiang Hu, Cheng Peng, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, and Tommy Nantung. Truck Traffic and Load Spectra of Indiana Roadways for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317227.

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The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been employed for pavement design by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) since 2009 and has generated efficient pavement designs with a lower cost. It has been demonstrated that the success of MEPDG implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs. Vehicular traffic loading is one of the key factors that may cause not only pavement structural failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, but also functional surface distresses, including friction and smoothness. In particular, truck load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design. Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thickness, which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness. The primary objective of this study was to update the traffic design input module, and thus to improve the current INDOT pavement design procedures. Efforts were made to reclassify truck traffic categories to accurately account for the specific axle load spectra on two-lane roads with low truck traffic and interstate routes with very high truck traffic. The traffic input module was updated with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design. Vehicle platoons were analyzed to better understand the truck traffic characteristics. The unclassified vehicles by traffic recording devices were examined and analyzed to identify possible causes of the inaccurate data collection. Bus traffic in the Indiana urban areas was investigated to provide additional information for highway engineers with respect to city streets as well as highway sections passing through urban areas. New equivalent single axle load (ESAL) values were determined based on the updated traffic data. In addition, a truck traffic data repository and visualization model and a TABLEAU interactive visualization dashboard model were developed for easy access, view, storage, and analysis of MEPDG related traffic data.
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