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Sheppard, Christine, Shanna Kousaie, Laura Monetta, and Vanessa Taler. "Performance on the Boston Naming Test in Bilinguals." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 3 (December 21, 2015): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771500123x.
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AbstractObjectives: We examined performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in older and younger adults who were monolingual English or French speakers, or bilingual speakers of English and French (n=215). Methods: Monolingual participants completed the task in their native language, and bilingual participants completed the task in English, French, and bilingual (either-language) administrations. Results: Overall, younger and older monolingual French speakers performed worse than other groups; bilingual participants performed worst in the French administration and approximately two-thirds of bilingual participants performed better when responses were accepted in either language. Surprisingly, however, a subset of bilinguals performed worse when responses were accepted in either language as compared to their maximum score achieved in either English or French. This either-language disadvantage does not appear to be associated with the degree of balanced bilingualism, but instead appears to be related to overall naming abilities. Differential item analysis comparing language groups and the different administrations identified several items that displayed uniform and/or non-uniform differential item functioning (DIF). Conclusions: The BNT does not elicit equivalent performance in English and French, even when assessing naming performance in monolingual French speakers using the French version of the test. Scores were lower in French overall, and several items exhibited DIF. We recommend caution in interpreting performance on these items in bilingual speakers. Finally, not all bilinguals benefit from an either-language administration of the BNT. (JINS, 2015, 21, 350–363)
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Miotto, Eliane C., João Sato, Mara C. S. Lucia, Cândida H. P. Camargo, and Milberto Scaff. "Development of an adapted version of the Boston Naming Test for Portuguese speakers." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 32, no. 3 (April 30, 2010): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462010005000006.
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OBJECTIVE: To present the development of an adapted version of the Boston Naming Test for Portuguese speakers, and to investigate the effects of age, education and gender on both the original and the adapted Boston Naming Test in respect of Brazilian Portuguese speakers. METHOD: Eighty items, including the 60 original ones and 20 adapted items were administered to 739 healthy Brazilian subjects aged between 6 and 77 years who received 0 to 17 years of education. RESULTS: The coefficients of the General Linear Model estimation suggested that both age and education were statistically significant to predict total scores. In addition, score variances, justified by such predictors, were 41.20% in the original Boston Naming Test against 25.84% in the adapted Boston Naming Test. These results suggest that the scores from the original BNT are more dependent on age and education than those from the adapted Boston Naming Test. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated the suitability of the adapted Boston Naming Test version for the Brazilian population and described provisional norms for the original and adapted Boston Naming Test for Portuguese speakers.
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Piguet, Olivier, Joanne L. Millar, Hayley P. Bennett, Tanya C. Lye, Helen Creasey, and G. Anthony Broe. "Boston Naming Test:: Normative data for older Australians." Brain Impairment 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.2.2.131.
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AbstractIndividuals aged over 80 years represent the fastest growing segment of the population. It is becoming increasingly important to investigate the effect of age on cognitive functions such as language, in order to document “normal” and “abnormal” functioning. A task commonly used to test naming ability in clinical practice is the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Although norms exist for this age group, they may have limited applications because of small sample sizes on which they were derived. In addition, this test uses stimulus items that have been shown to be culturally specific. This study presents normative data for the BNT for two levels of education and two age bands based on a randomly selected Australian sample of older adults between the age of 81 and 94 years. Frequencies of the most common error types made in this group of nondemented individuals are also reported.
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D, Zimmerman, Attridge J, Rolin S, and Davis J. "A-246 Comparing Boston Naming Test Short Forms in a Rehabilitation Sample." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.246.
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Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) has several short forms do not include the noose item. These short forms have been mainly examined in dementia populations. This study compared BNT short forms with standard administration (BNT-S) in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients. Method Participants (N = 480) completed the BNT in an outpatient evaluation. The sample was 34% female and 91% white with average age and education of 46 (SD = 15) and 14 (SD = 3) years, respectively. Diagnoses included traumatic brain injury (62%), mixed neurologic conditions (21%), and stroke (17%). Five 15-item short forms were calculated: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD-15); Lansing; and Mack 1, 2, and 4 (Mack-15.1, −15.2). Three 30-item short forms were calculated: Mack A, Saxon A, and BNT odd items. Short forms and BNT-S were compared with Spearman correlations. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for all forms. Impaired BNT scores were determined using norm-referenced scores (T < 36). Area under the curve (AUC) values were compared across short forms with impaired BNT as criterion. Results BNT-S showed strong correlations with 30-item (rho = .92–.93) and 15-item short forms (rho = .80–.87) except for CERAD-15 (rho = .69). Internal consistency was acceptable for 15-item (alpha = .72–.80) and 30-item short forms (alpha = .85–.86). BNT was impaired in 17% of participants. AUC values were not significantly different in 15-item (AUC = .83–.89) and 30-item (AUC = .91–.92) groups. CERAD-15 (.83), Mack-15.1 (.87), and Mack-15.2 (.87) AUC values were significantly lower than 30-item short form AUC values. Conclusion BNT 30-item and 15-item short forms showed outstanding and excellent classification accuracy, respectively. BNT short forms warrant further study in rehabilitation settings.
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Neils, Jean, Julie M. Baris, Cheryl Carter, Angel L. Dell'aira, Sharon J. Nordloh, Ernest Weiler, and Bradford Weisiger. "Effects of Age, Education, and Living Environment on Boston Naming Test Performance." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 5 (October 1995): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3805.1143.
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The 60-item Boston Naming Test (BNT; Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 1983) was administered to 323 normal elderly subjects between the ages of 65 and 97. The combined effects of age, education, and living environment (institutionalized/independent living) on total test score was determined. These three variables accounted for 32% of the variance in BNT performance. Educational background accounted for the greatest proportion of the variance, followed by age and living environment. There was also a significant interaction between age, education, and living environment. Overall, increased age adversely affected BNT scores. However, institutionalized subjects with a sixth–ninth grade education performed poorly on the BNT regardless of age. In addition, there was little difference in BNT performance according to age or living environment for the well educated. (The only exceptions were the oldest institutionalized subjects, who performed poorly on the BNT regardless of level of education.) The data presented in this study should be helpful for those clinicians who administer the BNT to elderly patients who are institutionalized or who have a limited educational background.
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D, Abramson, White D, Resch Z, Ovsiew G, and Soble J. "A-227 Boston Naming Test as an Embedded Performance Validity Test: A Replication Study." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.227.
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Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) has recently been proposed as an embedded performance validity test (PVT) with high specificity/low sensitivity; however, this has not been replicated. This study therefore aimed to cross-validate findings in a mixed clinical neuropsychiatric sample. Method This cross-sectional study of 136 primary monolingual English-speaking patients who completed the BNT during outpatient evaluation was 57% female/43% male, 38% Caucasian, 39% African American, 16% Hispanic, and 6% Asian with mean age of 47.7 years (SD = 16.6) and mean education of 14.0 years (SD = 2.7). In total, 109/136 (80%) were classified as valid and 27/136 (20%) as invalid based on 4 independent criterion PVTs. Results Respective mean BNT raw/T-scores were 49.5 (SD = 9.2)/45.3 (SD = 10.9) for the valid group and 45.8 (SD = 8.2)/41.1 (SD = 7.8) for the invalid group. Analyses of variance fell just above significance for both BNT raw F(1, 134) = 3.75, p = .05 and T-scores F(1, 134) = 3.55, p = .06. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis for the raw score was significant, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .67 (p < .01) and an optimal cutoff of ≤ 35 (4% specificity/90% sensitivity). BNT raw scores remained significant after removing bilingual participants, (AUC = .68; p < .01), with identical psychometric properties. In contrast, analysis of BNT T-scores (AUC = .61; p = .08) were nonsignificant. Conclusions Overall, results showed that the BNT cannot psychometrically distinguish valid versus invalid performance and therefore has questionable utility as a PVT in a mixed clinical setting. Findings contribute to a growing literature base cautioning against the indiscriminate use of measures of actual cognitive ability as validity indicators, particularly in populations with cognitive impairment.
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Escorsi-Rosset, Sara, Cecília Souza-Oliveira, Ana Carolina Gargaro-Silva, Érica Regina Coimbra, Eliane Correa Miotto, Marino Muxfelt Bianchin, Vera Cristina Terra, and Américo Ceiki Sakamoto. "The Boston Naming Test as a predictor of post-surgical naming dysfunctions in temporal lobe epilepsy." Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology 17, no. 4 (2011): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-26492011000400005.
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OBJECTIVES: Patients that undergo epilepsy surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in the dominant hemisphere are more susceptible to naming deficits. The aim of the present study was to perform an observational retrospective study comparing two groups of patients for naming performance, those with left and right temporal lobe resections regarding the performance in naming by Boston Naming Test (BNT). METHODS: A total of 120 right-handed patients (52 right temporal lobe and 68 left temporal lobe), aged between 18 and 59, with pharmacoresistant mesial TLE were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent pre and postoperative neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : The BNT was a good predictor for possible post-surgical language deficits in patients submitted to left temporal lobectomy.
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J, Attridge, Zimmerman D, Davis J, and Rolin S. "A-238 Psychometric Equivalence of Prorated Boston Naming Test Scores after Noose Item Removal." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.238.
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Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) noose item may offend some examinees. One solution is to omit the item, but the equivalence of prorating the BNT has not been established. This study compared prorated BNT (BNT-P) and standard administration (BNT-S) in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients. Method Participants (N = 480) completed the BNT-S in an outpatient evaluation. The sample was 34% female and 91% white with average age and education of 46 (SD = 15) and 14 (SD = 3) years, respectively. Diagnoses included traumatic brain injury (62%), mixed neurologic conditions (21%), and stroke (17%). Item level data were entered; items below the start or basal point were entered as correct. BNT-P was calculated by summing correct responses excluding item 48 and then using cross multiplication and division to estimate the 60-item score equivalent. BNT-P and BNT-S scores were compared via Spearman and concordance correlation (CC) coefficients; reflected and log transformed data were examined with paired t-tests and Westlake equivalence tests. BNT-P and BNT-S difference and scaled scores were examined descriptively. Results BNT-P (M = 52.7, SD = 7.0, Mdn = 54) and BNT-S (M = 52.6, SD = 7.1, Mdn = 54) raw scores showed very strong associations (rho = .99; CC = .99). Transformed scores were not significantly different (p = .20) and demonstrated equivalence (+/−1.5 points). Score differences (M = 0.01, SD = 0.30; range − 0.5-1) rounded to 0 in 88% of cases. Scaled scores based on prorated raw scores were the same in 96% of cases with a one-point difference observed in 15 cases and a two-point difference in 2 cases. Conclusion Findings support the utility of prorated BNT scores in rehabilitation patients.
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Hirsch, Joseph A., George M. Cuesta, Pasquale Fonzetti, Joseph Comaty, Barry D. Jordan, Rosanna Cirio, Leanne Levin, Alex Abrahams, and Kathleen M. Fry. "Expanded Exploration of the Auditory Naming Test in Patients with Dementia." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 81, no. 4 (June 15, 2021): 1763–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210322.
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Background: Auditory naming tests are superior to visual confrontation naming tests in revealing word-finding difficulties in many neuropathological conditions. Objective: To delineate characteristics of auditory naming most likely to reveal anomia in patients with dementia, and possibly improve diagnostic utility, we evaluated a large sample of patients referred with memory impairment complaints. Methods: Patients with dementia (N = 733) or other cognitive impairments and normal individuals (N = 69) were evaluated for frequency of impairment on variables of the Auditory Naming Test (ANT) of Hamberger & Seidel versus the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results: Naming impairment occurred more frequently using the ANT total score (φ= 0.41) or ANT tip-of-the tongue score (TOT; φ= 0.19) but not ANT mean response time compared to the BNT in patients with dementia (p < 0.001). Significantly more patients were impaired on ANT variables than on the BNT in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), mixed AD/VaD, and multiple domain mild cognitive impairment (mMCI) but not in other dementias or amnestic MCI (aMCI). This differential performance of patients on auditory versus visual naming tasks was most pronounced in older, well-educated, male patients with the least cognitive impairment. Impaired verbal comprehension was not contributory. Inclusion of an ANT index score increased sensitivity in the dementia sample (92%). Poor specificity (41%) may be secondary to the inherent limitation of using the BNT as a control variable. Conclusion: The ANT index score adds diagnostic utility to the assessment of naming difficulties in patients with suspected dementia.
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Wahyuningrum, Shinta Estri, Augustina Sulastri, and Ridwan Sanjaya. "Information System databases for Neuropsychology Tests: case study in Boston Naming Test." SISFORMA 6, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/sisforma.v6i1.2274.
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In the field of psychology, determining the psychological condition of a person’s can be done using various types of tests. Neuropsychology test is a battery test that means every person should be taken 11 test in a moment. Each test has a different objective, as an example, The Boston Naming test is used to measure a person's ability in the language domain. The data stored for each data in the Boston Naming Test (BNT) is around 130 fields. Each test has different specific data. This makes the data grow rapidly and requires a database design that can accommodate this need.There are many approaches can be done to store the database such a relational database and NoSQL database. When the data are stored using relational methods and amount of data are large, there can be a lack of time in both processing and tracking. This article proposes a system to store the result of the neuropsychological test using the NoSQL database approach with sample data in subtest BNT.
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Luoni, Chiara, Umberto Balottin, Laura Rosana, Enrico Savelli, Silvia Salini, and Cristiano Termine. "Confrontation Naming and Reading Abilities at Primary School: A Longitudinal Study." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/981548.
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Background. Confrontation naming tasks are useful in the assessment of children with learning and language disorders.Objectives. The aims of this study were (1) providing longitudinal data on confrontation naming; (2) investigating the role of socioeconomic status (SES), intelligence, age, and gender in confrontation naming; (3) identifying relationship between confrontation naming and reading abilities (fluency, accuracy, and comprehension).Method. A five-year longitudinal investigation of confrontation naming (i.e., the Boston Naming Test (BNT)) in a nonclinical sample of Italian primary school children was conducted (n=126), testing them at the end of each school year, to assess nonverbal intelligence, confrontation naming, and reading abilities.Results. Performance on the BNT emerged as a function of IQ and SES. Significant correlations between confrontation naming and reading abilities, especially comprehension, were found; BNT scores correlated better with reading fluency than with reading accuracy.Conclusions. The longitudinal data obtained in this study are discussed with regard to reading abilities, intelligence, age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
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Baez, Abril, Daniel W. Lopez-Hernandez, Winter Olmos, Rachel A. Rough-Fraser, Kristina E. Smith, Alexis Bueno, Isabel C. Munoz, et al. "A-100 Examining Spanish-English Bilingual Boston Naming Test Norms in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.118.
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Abstract Objective We examined two established Spanish-English bilingual norms to assess if traumatic brain injury (TBI) deficits were still found if language was no longer a variable influencing Boston Naming Test (BNT) performance. Method The sample consisted of 47 healthy comparison (HC; 24 English-Monolinguals; 23 Spanish-English Bilinguals), 33 acute TBI (ATBI; 20 English-Monolinguals; 13 Spanish-English Bilinguals), and 25 Chronic TBI (CTBI: 13 English-Monolinguals; 12 Spanish-English Bilinguals) participants. Raw scores and adjusted demographic T-scores (Roberts et al., 2002; Rosselli et al., 1997) were used to evaluate BNT performance. Results An ANCOVA controlling for age, revealed the HC group outperformed the TBI group on the BNT (raw score), p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11. We also found monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on the BNT, p = 0.000, ηp2 = 0.24. Using the Roberts et al., (2002) norms, we found the HC group outperformed the TBI group, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11, but no language differences were found. Next, using Rosselli et al., (1997) norms, we found the HC group outperformed the TBI group on the BNT, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.11, and monolingual speakers outperformed bilingual speakers, p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.06. No interactions were found. Conclusions As expected, the TBI group demonstrated worse BNT performance compared to HC group on both language norms. However, when using Roberts et al., (2002) Spanish-English bilingual norms, no language group differences were found. Our data indicates that when examining BNT performance in a Spanish-English bilingual and English-monolingual TBI sample, Roberts et al., (2002) normative data may be better suited to evaluate BNT deficits in a TBI while taking language into account.
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Coen, Robert F., Nicholas Kidd, Aisling Denihan, Conal Cunningham, Irene Bruce, Fiona Buggy, Desmond O'Neill, J. Bernard Walsh, Davis Coakley, and Brian A. Lawlor. "The utility of naming tests in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 16, no. 2 (June 1999): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700005139.
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AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the sensitivity of the CAMCOG naming subscale to anomia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients identified as anomic on the Boston Naming Test (BNT); and to compare the sensitivities of BNT, category (semantic) fluency (CF), and episodic memory (Delayed Word Recall, DWR) in detecting AD.Method: Data from 140 probable AD patients (NINCDS/ADRDA) were analysed. Anomic AD patients were identified (BNT) and the sensitivity to anomia of the CAMCOG naming subscale was calculated. Sensitivity (to AD) and specificity of the BNT, CF and DWR were compared in a subgroup of 60 patients age-matched to controls.Results: On BNT 81% of ADs were classified as anomic (87% specificity). Of these anomic ADs, 23 scored 6/6 on CAMCOG naming (sensitivity = 80%), and sensitivity fell to 30% using a 5/6 cut-off. Correlation between BNT and CAMCOG naming yielded Kendall's tau = 0.48 (p<0.0001). Compared to age-matched controls BNT correctly classified 70% of ADs and 87% of controls (overall accuracy = 77%). On CF 68% of ADs and 83% of controls were correctly classified (overall accuracy = 72%). BNT and CF were moderately correlated (r = 0.49, p<0.0001). DWR correctly classified 93% ADs and 98% controls (overall accuracy = 95%).Conclusions: Given its brevity, we recommend the inclusion of a split-half form of the BNT in screening test batteries for the detection of AD. The observed pattern of cognitive impairment is consistent with current models in which semantic memory deficits occur in AD only when the neuropathology extends beyond the entorhinal/hippocampal region to the temporal neocortex.
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GOLLAN, TAMAR H., GALI H. WEISSBERGER, ELIN RUNNQVIST, ROSA I. MONTOYA, and CYNTHIA M. CERA. "Self-ratings of spoken language dominance: A Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) and preliminary norms for young and aging Spanish–English bilinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 594–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000332.
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This study investigated correspondence between different measures of bilingual language proficiency contrasting self-report, proficiency interview, and picture naming skills. Fifty-two young (Experiment 1) and 20 aging (Experiment 2) Spanish–English bilinguals provided self-ratings of proficiency level, were interviewed for spoken proficiency, and named pictures in a Multilingual Naming Test (MINT); in Experiment 1, the Boston Naming Test (BNT) was also used. Self-ratings, proficiency interview, and the MINT did not differ significantly in classifying bilinguals into language-dominance groups, but naming tests (especially the BNT) classified bilinguals as more English-dominant than other measures. Strong correlations were observed between measures of proficiency in each language and language-dominance, but not degree of balanced bilingualism (index scores). Depending on the measure, up to 60% of bilinguals scored best in their self-reported non-dominant language. The BNT distorted bilingual assessment by underestimating ability in Spanish. These results illustrate what self-ratings can and cannot provide, illustrate the pitfalls of testing bilinguals with measures designed for monolinguals, and invite a multi-measure goal-driven approach to classifying bilinguals into dominance groups.
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MACKAY, ANNA J., LISA TABOR CONNOR, MARTIN L. ALBERT, and LORAINE K. OBLER. "Noun and verb retrieval in healthy aging." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 6 (September 2002): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702860040.
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This study tests the hypothesis that retrieval of object and action names declines at different rates with age. Uncued and cued performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Action Naming Test (ANT) were examined for 171 individuals from 50 to 88 years old. To control for differences in item difficulty, a subset of items from each of the two tests was selected for which uncued performance was equivalent in individuals in their 50s. With this matched set of items, differences in action and object naming were tested in the 60s and 70+ age groups. Although age-related decline in name retrieval was observed for both the BNT and the ANT subsets, no differences between object and action retrieval were found. Our results, thus, do not confirm previous studies reporting that object names and action names are differentially retrieved with aging. We discuss these new findings in relation to evidence of dissociations in object and action naming in brain-damaged individuals. (JINS, 2002, 8, 764–770.)
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Leite, Karla Shimura Barea, Eliane Correa Miotto, Ricardo Nitrini, and Mônica Sanches Yassuda. "Boston Naming Test (BNT) original, Brazilian adapted version and short forms: normative data for illiterate and low-educated older adults." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 5 (November 23, 2016): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001952.
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ABSTRACTBackground:The aims of this study were (1) to describe and compare the performance of illiterate and low-educated older adults, without evidence of cognitive impairment, on different versions of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) original, Brazilian adapted, abbreviated 30-item (even and odd) and 15-item from the CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) battery; (2) to compare performance on the original versus adapted versions of the BNT.Methods:A total of 180 healthy older adults (60 years or older) were stratified according to educational level (0, 1–2, and 3–4 years), and age (60–69, 70–79, and ≥ 80 years). The protocol comprised the following instruments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the BNT.Results:The illiterate participants had poorer performance than the educated participants. The performance of the two educated groups was similar on all versions of the BNT. A higher number of correct responses were observed on the adapted BNT than on the original BNT in all three education groups.Conclusions:The adapted BNT appears to be the most suitable for use in the low-educated Brazilian population. The present study provided normative data for low-educated elderly on several different versions of the BNT, which may be helpful in diagnosing naming deficits among elderly in these strata of the population.
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Lopez Hernandez, D., J. Knight, P. Litvin, R. Rugh-Fraser, A. Bueno, R. Cervantes, S. Mangassarian, et al. "B-66 The Effect of Bilingualism on Boston Naming Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.149.
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Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a lexical-retrieval task. It has been documented that those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reduced performance on the BNT. Bilingualism is also known to impact BNT performances. We examined the relationship of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performances. Method The sample (N = 95) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. A 3X2 ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performance. Results A main effect was found for group (i.e., control, 6 month TBI, and 12 month TBI), p < .001, ηp² = .21. Pairwise comparisons revealed that acute TBI participants performed worse than the control and chronic TBI groups. A main effect for bilingualism/ monolingualism was found, p < .001, ηp² = .14; monolinguals performed better on the BNT. No interactions were found between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism. Conclusions BNT performance improves overtime in TBI and the pattern of improvement post-TBI is not statistically different between bilingual/monolingual groups. Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse BNT performance.
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Katsumata, Yuriko, Melissa Mathews, Erin L. Abner, Gregory A. Jicha, Allison Caban-Holt, Charles D. Smith, Peter T. Nelson, Richard J. Kryscio, Frederick A. Schmitt, and David W. Fardo. "Assessing the Discriminant Ability, Reliability, and Comparability of Multiple Short Forms of the Boston Naming Test in an Alzheimer's Disease Center Cohort." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 39, no. 3-4 (2015): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000370108.
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Background: The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a commonly used neuropsychological test of confrontation naming that aids in determining the presence and severity of dysnomia. Many short versions of the original 60-item test have been developed and are routinely administered in clinical/research settings. Because of the common need to translate similar measures within and across studies, it is important to evaluate the operating characteristics and agreement of different BNT versions. Methods: We analyzed longitudinal data of research volunteers (n = 681) from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center longitudinal cohort. Conclusions: With the notable exception of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) 15-item BNT, short forms were internally consistent and highly correlated with the full version; these measures varied by diagnosis and generally improved from normal to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. All short forms retained the ability to discriminate between normal subjects and those with dementia. The ability to discriminate between normal and MCI subjects was less strong for the short forms than the full BNT, but they exhibited similar patterns. These results have important implications for researchers designing longitudinal studies, who must consider that the statistical properties of even closely related test forms may be quite different.
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Nebreda, M. C., A. García-Caballero, E. Asensio, P. Revilla, M. Rodriguez-Girondo, and R. Mateos. "A short-form version of the Boston Naming Test for language screening in dementia in a bilingual rural community in Galicia (Spain)." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 3 (September 3, 2010): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210001481.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Aphasia, one of the core symptoms of cortical dementia, is routinely evaluated using graded naming tests like the Boston Naming Test (BNT). However, the application of this 60-item test is time-consuming and shortened versions have been devised for screening. The hypothesis of this research is that a specifically designed shortened version of the BNT could replace the original 60-item BNT as part of a mini-battery for screening for dementia. The objective of this study was to design a short version of the BNT for a rural population in Galicia (Spain).Methods: A clinic group of 102 patients including 43 with dementia was recruited along with 78 healthy volunteers. The clinic and control groups were scored on the Spanish version of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and BNT. In addition, the clinic group was tested with standard neuropsychological instruments and underwent brain investigations and routine neurological examination. BNT items with specificity and sensitivity above 0.5 were selected to compose a short battery of 11 pictures named BNTOu11. ANOVA and mean comparisons were made for MMSE and BNT versions. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and internal consistency were calculated.Results: Areas under ROC curves (AUC) did not show statistically significant differences; therefore BNTOu11's AUC (0.814) was similar to the 60-item BNT versions (0.785 and 0.779), to the short versions from Argentina (0.772) and Andalusia (0.799) and to the Spanish MMSE (0.866). BNTOu11 had higher internal consistency than the other short versions.Conclusions: BNTOu11 is a useful and time-saving method as part of a battery for screening for dementia in a psychogeriatric outpatient unit.
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Willers, Indra F., Mónica L. Feldman, and Ricardo F. Allegri. "Subclinical naming errors in mild cognitive impairment: A semantic deficit?" Dementia & Neuropsychologia 2, no. 3 (September 2008): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642009dn20300010.
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Abstract Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairments in semantic memory have been demonstrated to be a critical factor in early AD. The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a straightforward method of examining semantic or visuo-perceptual processing and therefore represents a potential diagnostic tool. The objective of this study was to examine naming ability and identify error types in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods: Twenty aMCI patients, twenty AD patients and twenty-one normal controls, matched by age, sex and education level were evaluated. As part of a further neuropsychological evaluation, all subjects performed the BNT. A comprehensive classification of error types was devised in order to compare performance and ascertain semantic or perceptual origin of errors. Results: AD patients obtained significantly lower total scores on the BNT than aMCI patients and controls. aMCI patients did not obtain significant differences in total scores, but showed significantly higher semantic errors compared to controls. Conclusion: This study reveals that semantic processing is impaired during confrontation naming in aMCI.
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Blom-Smink, Marieke, Marjolein Verly, Kerstin Spielmann, Marion Smits, Gerard M. Ribbers, and Mieke W. M. E. van de Sandt-Koenderman. "Change in Right Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Integrity Is Associated With Naming Recovery in Subacute Poststroke Aphasia." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, no. 9 (July 16, 2020): 784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320940982.
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Background. Despite progress made in understanding functional reorganization patterns underlying recovery in subacute aphasia, the relation between recovery and changes in white matter structure remains unclear. Objective. To investigate changes in dorsal and ventral language white matter tract integrity in relation to naming recovery in subacute poststroke aphasia. Methods. Ten participants with aphasia after left-hemisphere stroke underwent language testing and diffusion tensor imaging twice within 3 months post onset, with a 1-month interval between sessions. Deterministic tractography was used to bilaterally reconstruct the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF), and uncinate fasciculus (UF). Per tract, the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted as a measure of microstructural integrity. Naming accuracy was assessed with the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Correlational analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between changes in FA values and change in BNT score. Results. A strong positive correlation was found between FA change in the right ILF within the ventral stream and change on the BNT ( r = 0.91, P < .001). An increase in FA in the right ILF was associated with considerable improvement of naming accuracy (range BNT change score: 12-14), a reduction with limited improvement or slight deterioration. No significant correlations were found between change in naming accuracy and FA change in any of the other right or left ventral and dorsal language tracts. Conclusions. Naming recovery in subacute aphasia is associated with change in the integrity of the right ILF.
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PEDRAZA, OTTO, NEILL R. GRAFF-RADFORD, GLENN E. SMITH, ROBERT J. IVNIK, FLOYD B. WILLIS, RONALD C. PETERSEN, and JOHN A. LUCAS. "Differential item functioning of the Boston Naming Test in cognitively normal African American and Caucasian older adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990361.
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AbstractScores on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) are frequently lower for African American when compared with Caucasian adults. Although demographically based norms can mitigate the impact of this discrepancy on the likelihood of erroneous diagnostic impressions, a growing consensus suggests that group norms do not sufficiently address or advance our understanding of the underlying psychometric and sociocultural factors that lead to between-group score discrepancies. Using item response theory and methods to detect differential item functioning (DIF), the current investigation moves beyond comparisons of the summed total score to examine whether the conditional probability of responding correctly to individual BNT items differs between African American and Caucasian adults. Participants included 670 adults age 52 and older who took part in Mayo’s Older Americans and Older African Americans Normative Studies. Under a two-parameter logistic item response theory framework and after correction for the false discovery rate, 12 items where shown to demonstrate DIF. Of these 12 items, 6 (“dominoes,” “escalator,” “muzzle,” “latch,” “tripod,” and “palette”) were also identified in additional analyses using hierarchical logistic regression models and represent the strongest evidence for race/ethnicity-based DIF. These findings afford a finer characterization of the psychometric properties of the BNT and expand our understanding of between-group performance. (JINS, 2009, 15, 758–768.)
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TESTA, JULIE A., ROBERT J. IVNIK, BRADLEY BOEVE, RONALD C. PETERSEN, V. SHANE PANKRATZ, DAVID KNOPMAN, ERIC TANGALOS, and GLENN E. SMITH. "Confrontation naming does not add incremental diagnostic utility in MCI and Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 10, no. 4 (July 2004): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617704104177.
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As the incidence of dementia increases, there is a growing need to determine the diagnostic utility of specific neuropsychological tests in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the relative utility of Boston Naming Test (BNT) in the diagnosis of AD was examined and compared to the diagnostic utility of other neuropsychological measures commonly used in the evaluation of AD. Individuals with AD (n = 306), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI; n = 67), and cognitively normal subjects (n = 409) with at least 2 annual evaluations were included. Logistic regression analysis suggested that initial BNT impairment is associated with increased risk of subsequent AD diagnosis. However, this risk is significantly less than that imparted by measures of delayed recall impairments. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis suggested that BNT impairment imparted no additional risk for subsequent AD diagnosis after delayed recall impairments were included in the model. Although BNT impairment occurred in all severity groups, it was ubiquitous only in moderate to severe dementia. Collectively these results suggest that although BNT impairments become more common as AD progresses, they are neither necessary for the diagnosis of AD nor particularly useful in identifying early AD. (JINS, 2004, 10, 504–512.)
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Ivanova, Iva, David P. Salmon, and Tamar H. Gollan. "Which Language Declines More? Longitudinal versus Cross-sectional Decline of Picture Naming in Bilinguals with Alzheimer’s Disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 5 (April 11, 2014): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617714000228.
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AbstractIn this study, we investigated dual-language decline in non-balanced bilinguals with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) both longitudinally and cross-sectionally. We examined patients’ naming accuracy on the Boston Naming Test (BNT: Kaplan et al., 1983) over three testing sessions (longitudinal analysis) and compared their performance to that of matched controls (cross-sectional analysis). We found different longitudinal and cross-sectional patterns of decline: Longitudinally, the non-dominant language seemed to decline more steeply than the dominant language, but, cross-sectionally, differences between patients and controls were larger for the dominant than for the non-dominant language, especially at the initial testing session. This differential pattern of results for cross-sectional versus longitudinal decline was supported by correlations between decline measures and BNT item characteristics. Further studies will be needed to better characterize the nature of linguistic decline in bilinguals with AD; however, these results suggest that representational robustness of individual lexical representations, rather than language membership, might determine the time course of decline for naming in bilinguals with AD. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–13)
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Radanovic, Marcia, Maria Teresa Carthery-Goulart, Helenice Charchat-Fichman, Emílio Herrera Jr., Edson Erasmo Pereira Lima, Jerusa Smid, Cláudia Sellitto Porto, and Ricardo Nitrini. "Analysis of brief language tests in the detection of cognitive decline and dementia." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 1, no. 1 (March 2007): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642008dn10100007.
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Abstract Lexical access difficulties are frequent in normal aging and initial stages of dementia. Verbal fluency tests are valuable to detect cognitive decline, evidencing lexico-semantic and executive dysfunction. Objectives: To establish which language tests can contribute in detecting dementia and to verify schooling influence on subject performance. Method: 74 subjects: 33 controls, 17 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0.5 and 24 (Brief Cognitive Battery - BCB e Boston Naming Test - BNT) 1 were compared in tests of semantic verbal fluency (animal and fruit), picture naming (BCB and BNT) and the language items of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: There were significant differences between the control group and both CDR 0.5 and CDR 1 in all tests. Cut-off scores were: 11 and 10 for animal fluency, 8 for fruit fluency (in both), 8 and 9 for BCB naming. The CDR 0.5 group performed better than the CDR 1 group only in animal fluency. Stepwise multiple regression revealed fruit fluency, animal fluency and BCB naming as the best discriminators between patients and controls (specificity: 93.8%; sensitivity: 91.3%). In controls, comparison between illiterates and literates evidenced schooling influence in all tests, except for fruit fluency and BCB naming. In patients with dementia, only fruit fluency was uninfluenced by schooling. Conclusion: The combination of verbal fluency tests in two semantic categories along with a simple picture naming test is highly sensitive in detecting cognitive decline. Comparison between literate and illiterate subjects shows a lesser degree of influence of schooling on the selected tests, thus improving discrimination between low performance and incipient cognitive decline.
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Gich, Jordi, Jordi Freixanet, Rafael García, Joan Carles Vilanova, David Genís, Yolanda Silva, Xavier Montalban, and Lluís Ramió-Torrentà. "A randomized, controlled, single-blind, 6-month pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of MS-Line!: a cognitive rehabilitation programme for patients with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 10 (February 25, 2015): 1332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515572405.
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Background: MS-Line! was created to provide an effective treatment for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective: To assess the efficacy of MS-Line!. Methods: A randomized, controlled, single-blind, 6-month pilot study. Patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group (cognitive rehabilitation with the programme) or to a control group (no cognitive rehabilitation). Randomization was stratified by cognitive impairment level. Cognitive assessment included: selective reminding test, 10/36 spatial recall test (10/36 SPART), symbol digit modalities test, paced auditory serial addition test, word list generation (WLG), FAS test, subtests of WAIS-III, Boston naming test (BNT), and trail making test (TMT). Results: Forty-three patients (22 in the experimental group, 21 in the control group) were analyzed. Covariance analysis showed significant differences in 10/36 SPART ( P=0.0002), 10/36 SPART delayed recall ( P=0.0021), WLG ( P=0.0123), LNS ( P=0.0413), BNT ( P=0.0007) and TMT-A ( P=0.010) scores between groups. Conclusions: The study showed a significant improvement related to learning and visual memory, executive functions, attention and information processing speed, and naming ability in those patients who received cognitive rehabilitation. The results suggest that MS-Line! is effective in improving cognitive impairment in MS patients.
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Bortnik, K. "A-40 Utility of the Spanish Auditory and Visual Naming Test in identifying word- finding difficulty in Spanish-speaking adults with Epilepsy." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.40.
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Abstract Objective Although visual naming (VN) and complementary auditory naming (AN) have proven clinically useful in the pre-surgical work-up of adults with epilepsy, they are available only in English, which compromises assessment for many native Spanish-speakers. VN is typically assessed with the Pontón-Satz Boston Naming Test (PS-BNT), yet this measure is of questionable validity due to vocabulary confounds and inclusion of culturally unfamiliar items. This pilot study examines the utility of the Spanish Auditory and Visual Naming Test (S-AVNT) in a small sample of native Spanish speakers with epilepsy. Method 20 adult, native Spanish-speaking patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; 12 left, 8 right) were recruited (Mage = 41 years, SD = 10.1; Meducation = 12 years, SD = 2.8). Performance measures included: Accuracy (% correct), response time (RT), and tip-of-tongue errors (TOT; i.e., correct responses > 2 seconds or correct following a phonemic cue). Results Results: S-AVNT accuracy was high across RTLE and LTLE groups (93-97%) compared to the PS-BNT (59%; p = .000). There were no significant group-level differences, however within-group analyses revealed that VN was superior to AN across all performance measures (all ps < .01). Conclusions These preliminary findings represent the first step towards valid, culturally appropriate AN and VN tests for use with native Spanish speakers. The significant within-subjects differences are promising, particularly with respect to RT (i.e., slower auditory RT compared with visual RT) and TOT errors (i.e., auditory TOT > visual TOT), and may provide a more complete picture of naming ability than accuracy scores alone. Funded by NAN Clinical Research Grant.
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Bolden, Lauren, and Kim Willment. "A-163 Utility of the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.181.
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Abstract Objective To examine the utility of the 7/24 Spatial Recall Test (7/24) in the assessment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients who have not undergone surgical resection. We hypothesized that patients with right TLE (RTLE) would perform significantly worse on the 7/24 than patients with left TLE (LTLE), but better on measures of verbal memory and naming. Participants and Methods Twenty-one patients with RTLE and 17 patients with LTLE were identified from a larger dataset of 152 epilepsy patients who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Exclusion criteria included: 1) Extratemporal, bitemporal, or unclear seizure onset, 2) Post-surgical evaluations, and 3) Co-morbid neurodegenerative or neurological conditions. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RVLT) and Boston Naming Test (BNT) and were selected as outcome measures of verbal memory and naming, respectively. Results Independent samples t-tests revealed that patients with RTLE performed significantly worse on the 7/24 delayed recall than LTLE patients (p = 0.026), but there were no significant differences between groups in their 7/24 immediate recall across trials (p = 0.118). As predicted, patients with LTLE performed significantly worse than RTLE patients on the BNT (p = 0.005), however no significant differences were found between groups on the RVLT total learning, short delay, or long delay. Conclusions These findings support the use of the 7/24 for assessing nonverbal memory in patients with TLE, and more specifically, suggest that the 7/24 may be a sensitive measure for detecting lateralized dysfunction of the right temporal lobe in TLE patients.
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Serrao, Valéria Trunkl, Sônia Maria Dozzi Brucki, Kenia Repiso Campanholo, Letícia Lessa Mansur, Ricardo Nitrini, and Eliane Correa Miotto. "Performance of a sample of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and healthy elderly on a lexical decision test (LDT) as a measure of pre-morbid intelligence." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 9, no. 3 (September 2015): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn93000009.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the performance of healthy elderly patients with aging-related pathologies (MCI) and patients with AD on a lexical decision test. Methods: The study included 38 healthy elderly subjects, 61 MCI and 26 AD patients from the Neurology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group. The neuropsychological instruments included the episodic memory test (RAVLT), subtests from the WAIS-III (Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary) to determine estimated IQ, the Boston naming test (BNT) and Lexical Decision Test (LDT). Results: All groups differed on the MMSE, as expected according to their pathologies, memory tests, naming and estimated IQ. For the vocabulary and the LDT - measures of crystalized intelligence no differences were found. Conclusion: The LDT demonstrated that lexical decision can be used as a measure of pre-morbid IQ among the individuals assessed in a Brazilian sample.
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Balthazar, Marcio L. F., Clarissa L. Yasuda, Tátila M. Lopes, Fabrício R. S. Pereira, Benito Pereira Damasceno, and Fernando Cendes. "Neural correlates of lexical-semantic memory: A voxel-based morphometry study in mild AD, aMCI and normal aging." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05020003.
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Abstract Neuroanatomical correlations of naming and lexical-semantic memory are not yet fully understood. The most influential approaches share the view that semantic representations reflect the manner in which information has been acquired through perception and action, and that each brain area processes different modalities of semantic representations. Despite these anatomical differences in semantic processing, generalization across different features that have similar semantic significance is one of the main characteristics of human cognition. Methods: We evaluated the brain regions related to naming, and to the semantic generalization, of visually presented drawings of objects from the Boston Naming Test (BNT), which comprises different categories, such as animals, vegetables, tools, food, and furniture. In order to create a model of lesion method, a sample of 48 subjects presenting with a continuous decline both in cognitive functions, including naming skills, and in grey matter density (GMD) was compared to normal young adults with normal aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Semantic errors on the BNT, as well as naming performance, were correlated with whole brain GMD as measured by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Results: The areas most strongly related to naming and to semantic errors were the medial temporal structures, thalami, superior and inferior temporal gyri, especially their anterior parts, as well as prefrontal cortices (inferior and superior frontal gyri). Conclusion: The possible role of each of these areas in the lexical-semantic networks was discussed, along with their contribution to the models of semantic memory organization.
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Howard, Erica, David J. Irwin, Katya Rascovsky, Naomi Nevler, Sanjana Shellikeri, Thomas F. Tropea, Meredith Spindler, et al. "Cognitive Profile and Markers of Alzheimer Disease–Type Pathology in Patients With Lewy Body Dementias." Neurology 96, no. 14 (February 16, 2021): e1855-e1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011699.
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ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) with likely Alzheimer disease (AD)–type copathology are more impaired on confrontation naming than those without likely AD-type copathology.MethodsWe selected 57 patients with LBD (dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB], n = 38; Parkinson disease dementia [PDD], n = 19) with available AD CSF biomarkers and neuropsychological data. CSF β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and total-tau (t-tau) concentrations were measured. We used an autopsy-validated CSF cut point (t-tau:Aβ42 ratio > 0.3, n = 43), or autopsy data when available (n = 14), to categorize patients as having LBD with (LBD + AD, n = 26) and without (LBD − AD, n = 31) likely AD-type copathology. Analysis of covariance tested between-group comparisons across biologically defined groups (LBD + AD, LBD − AD) and clinical phenotypes (DLB, PDD) on confrontation naming (30-item Boston Naming Test [BNT]), executive abilities (letter fluency [LF], reverse digit span [RDS]), and global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), with adjustment for age at dementia onset, time from dementia onset to test date, and time from CSF to test date. Spearman correlation related cognitive performance to CSF analytes.ResultsPatients with LBD + AD performed worse on BNT than patients with LBD − AD (F = 4.80, p = 0.03); both groups performed similarly on LF, RDS, and MMSE (all p > 0.1). Clinically defined PDD and DLB groups did not differ in performance on any of these measures (all p > 0.05). A correlation across all patients showed that BNT score was negatively associated with CSF t-tau (ρ = −0.28, p < 0.05) and p-tau (ρ = −0.26, p = 0.05) but not Aβ42 (p > 0.1).ConclusionMarkers of AD-type copathology are implicated in impaired language performance in LBD. Biologically based classification of LBD may be advantageous over clinically defined syndromes to elucidate clinical heterogeneity.
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Kim, HyangHee, and Soo Ryon Kim. "Development of Short Form of the Korean Version- the Boston Naming Test (K-BNT-15) Based on Item Response Theory." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 13, no. 12 (December 28, 2013): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2013.13.12.321.
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Senaha, Mirna Lie Hosogi, Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki, and Ricardo Nitrini. "Rehabilitation in semantic dementia: Study of the effectiveness of lexical reacquisition in three patients." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40400009.
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Abstract Although language rehabilitation in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is recommended, rehabilitation studies in this clinical syndrome are scarce. Specifically, in relation to semantic dementia (SD), few studies have shown the possibility of lexical relearning. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of rehabilitation for lexical reacquisition in SD. Methods: Three SD patients were submitted to training for lexical reacquisition based on principles of errorless learning. Comparisons between naming performance of treated items (pre and post-training) and non-treated items of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) were made. Results: All patients improved their performance in naming treated words after intervention. However, decline in performance in naming of non-treated items was observed. Case 1 named zero items at baseline while her performance post-training was 29.4% correct responses without cueing, and 90.7% correct with and without cueing. Case 2 named 6.9% of items correctly at baseline and his performance in post-training was 52.9% without cueing and 87.3%, with and without cueing. Case 3 named zero items at baseline and his performance in post-training was 100% correct responses without cueing. Considering the performance in naming the non-treated items of the BNT, the percentages of correct responses in the first evaluation and in the re-evaluation, respectively were: 16.7% and 8.3% (case 1; 14 month-interval); 26.7% and 11.6% (case 2; 18 month-interval) and 11.6% and 8.3% (case 3; 6 month-interval). Conclusions: The reacquisition of lost vocabulary may be possible in SD despite progressive semantic deterioration.
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Hubley, A. "Norms for the 60-item Boston naming test (BNT) for cognitively intact-individuals aged 25–90 years." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13, no. 1 (February 1998): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6177(98)90553-4.
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Hubley, A., and T. N. Tombaugh. "Norms for the 60-item Boston naming test (BNT) for cognitively intact-individuals aged 25-90 years." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 13, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/13.1.101a.
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O'Hara, J., D. Norton, R. Koscik, N. Lambrou, M. Wyman, A. Johnson, S. Bouges, et al. "C-12 Race and Sex Differences in Cognitive and Neurobiological Markers of Alzheimer's Disease." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.174.
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Abstract Objective Intra-Individual Cognitive Variability (IICV) previously demonstrated predictive power similar to AD biomarkers (i.e., CSF and hippocampal volume (HV) loss). Previous work suggested sex differences in relative HV and IICV. Additionally, IICV differs in whites and underrepresented racial groups (URG). Our objective was to analyze these sex differences in white and URG participants. Method Baseline neurocognitive test and neuroimaging data from 335 cognitively healthy participants with ≥2 visits enrolled in the Wisconsin ADRC Clinical Core were included. Z-scores were calculated comparing individual performance to group performance by test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Learning and Delayed Recall), Trail Making Test (A and B), and either Boston Naming Test (BNT) or Multilingual Naming Test (MINT)). MINT scores were converted to BNT scores using the NACC Crosswalk Study. The standard deviation of z-scores across tests was calculated to determine IICV. Characteristics by race and sex were compared using Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s Exact, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Spearman’s Rho was calculated to compare baseline IICV and relative HV. Results At baseline (Table 1), differences across racial groups in age, years of education, relative HV, and IICV were identified. Sex and racial group differences were identified (Table 2). A weak positive correlation between HV and IICV was seen in white females (Figure 1). Conclusions IICV has potential to become a cost-effective, non-invasive marker of preclinical AD. Again, correlation between HV and IICV was seen, but only in white females. Analyses suggest group differences between white and URG males and females. However, more data is needed to further explore these differences.
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O'Hara, J., D. Norton, R. Koscik, N. Lambrou, M. Wyman, J. Adrienne, S. Bouges, et al. "C-13 Sex Differences in Cognitive and Neurobiological Markers of Alzheimer's Disease." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 1041–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.175.
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Abstract Objective Previous work has demonstrated that intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) has predictive power similar to traditional Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers, such as CSF or hippocampal volume (HV) loss. Genetic factors, such as sex, have been identified as predictors of cognitive decline. Analysis of sex differences in IICV and other biomarkers may elucidate additional dimensions of this metric. Method Baseline neurocognitive test and neuroimaging data from 335 participants with ≥2 visits enrolled in the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Clinical Core were included. Z-scores were calculated comparing individual performance to group performance by test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Learning and Delayed Recall), Trail Making Test (A and B), and either Boston Naming Test (BNT) or Multilingual Naming Test (MINT)). MINT scores were converted to BNT scores using the NACC Crosswalk Study. The standard deviation of z-scores across tests was calculated to determine IICV. Characteristics by sex were compared using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s Exact tests. Spearman’s Rho was calculated to compare IICV and HV (relative to intercranial volume). Results At baseline (Table 1): (1) Males had more education than females; (2) females had both higher relative HV and IICV; and (3) in females, relative HV demonstrated a weak positive correlation with baseline IICV (Figure 1). Conclusions IICV has previously demonstrated potential as a cost-effective non-invasive marker of preclinical AD. In females, larger relative HV and its correlation with IICV may be due to differences in metabolic brain age or concurrent progression of HV and IICV through the AD process. Analyses of other biopsychosocial factors are needed.
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Kemmotsu, Nobuko, Yurika Enobi, and Claire Murphy. "Performance of Older Japanese American Adults on Selected Cognitive Instruments." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 7 (May 23, 2013): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617713000520.
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AbstractThis study examined cognitive test performance of second- and third-generation Japanese American (JA) adults, a relatively homogeneous Asian American subgroup. Sixty-five JA and 65 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, ages between 45 and 91, were administered the Boston Naming Test-2 (BNT), Letter Fluency Test, Semantic Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and Trail Making Test. Levels of acculturation, quality of educational attainment, and generation status in the United States, were also collected. There were no significant differences in the scores between the two groups on the tests administered. JA and NHW groups, however, differed in the patterns of the associations between some of the test performance and demographic variables. JA adults showed a stronger age-score relationship on BNT, CVLT, and the BVMT-R. Furthermore, second-generation JA adults performed lower than the third-generation adults even after controlling for basic demographic variables on CVLT and Trail Making Test. Acculturation on the other hand did not explain score differences once demographic variables were considered. Our results suggest the importance of considering unique history and characteristics of ethnic groups, and interactions of the aging process and culture on tasks with different cognitive demands. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
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Park, Ji Young, Seong Hee Choi, Kyoung jae Lee, and Chul-Hee Choi. "Effects of Cognitive Function and Naming Ability on the Quality of Communication Life in the Korean Elderly." Audiology and Speech Research 16, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21848/asr.200040.
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Purpose: As old people age, their cognitive skills as well as naming ability decrease. In particular, dementia, along with memory, is a decline in other intellectual abilities that can interfere with everyday life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the naming ability, cognitive function, and quality of communication life in the Korean elderly and thier relationship.Methods: A total of 50 Korean elderly people (25 normal, 25 elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA) ranged in age from 65 to 85 years old participated. The naming ability and quality of communication life were measured using short form of the Korean-Boston naming test (S-K-BNT) and the quality of communication life scale (QCL).Results: Significantly lower naming ability and poor QCL scores were observed in the elderly group with MCI. In addition, significantly strong correlation was revealed between K-MoCA score and QCL (r = 0.728). All cognitive function including executive function, visuospatial ability, memory, attention, language, and orientation demonstrated significant relationship with QCL. Among the cognitive function, in particular, visuospatial ability showed the highest correlation with QCL (r = 0.626). Moreover, significantly moderate positive correlation (r = 0.620) was revealed between naming score and QCL.Conclusion: In current study, cognitive function as well as naming ability can be important diagnostic indice for predicting and determining good quality of communication life in elderly people.
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Balthazar, Marcio L. F., José E. Martinelli, Fernando Cendes, and Benito P. Damasceno. "Lexical semantic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, no. 3a (September 2007): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000400014.
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OBJECTIVE: To study lexical semantic memory in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls. METHOD: Fifteen mild AD, 15 aMCI, and 15 normal control subjects were included. Diagnosis of AD was based on DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, and that of aMCI, on the criteria of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment, using CDR 0.5 for aMCI and CDR 1 for mild AD. All subjects underwent semantic memory tests (Boston Naming-BNT, CAMCOG Similarities item), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), neuropsychological tests (counterproofs), and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney test for intergroup comparisons and Pearson's coefficient for correlations between memory tests and counterproofs (statistical significance level was p<0.05). RESULTS: aMCI patients were similar to controls on BNT and Similarities, but worse on MMSE and RAVLT. Mild AD patients scored significantly worse than aMCI and controls on all tests. CONCLUSION: aMCI impairs episodic memory but tends to spare lexical semantic system, which can be affected in the early phase of AD.
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Ras, Priscilla, Djaina Satoer, Geert-Jan Rutten, Arnaud Vincent, and Evy Visch-Brink. "Een sensitieve snelle benoemtest voor woordvindproblemen bij patiënten met een laaggradig glioom." Stem-, Spraak- en Taalpathologie 25 (May 19, 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/32.8310/2020-15.
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Patiënten met een laaggradig glioom (langzaam groeiende hersentumor) rapporteren vaak woordvindproblemen, terwijl deze met de huidig gebruikte benoemtests in de praktijk vaak niet geobjectiveerd worden. In deze studie worden de resultaten van een sensitieve snelle benoemtest (SBT) voor objecten besproken, toegepast bij deze patiëntengroep.
Via deze nieuwe test werden reactietijden verzameld van 18 patiënten met een vermeend laaggradig glioom en van 20 gezonde participanten. Om uit te sluiten dat bij glioompatiënten tragere reactietijden worden gevonden als gevolg van algehele cognitieve traagheid, zijn de resultaten van een test voor cognitieve snelheid (Trail Making Test-A, TMT-A) meegenomen in het onderzoek. De resultaten op de SBT zijn vergeleken met de resultaten op de klinisch veel gehanteerde Boston Naming Test (BNT) om zo de toegevoegde waarde van de SBT te kunnen evalueren. Tevens is het effect van woordfrequentie en Age of Acquisition (AoA) op de benoemtijden onderzocht. Glioompatiënten waren significant langzamer in het benoemen van de objecten dan de gezonde participanten. De tragere reactietijdenwerden niet verklaard door een algeheel tragere verwerkingssnelheid. Ook de BNT-scores konden de lagere reactietijden op de SBT niet verklaren. Een kwalitatieve vergelijking tussen de resultaten van de BNT en de SBT duidde op een hogere sensitiviteit van de SBT voor woordvindproblemen. In de groep gezonde participanten wordt een effect gevonden van woordfrequentie en AoA op de benoemsnelheden, in de patiëntengroep is echter geen effect van deze variabelen waar te nemen.
De resultaten laten een duidelijk verschil in benoemsnelheid zien tussen laaggradige glioompatiënten en gezonde participanten, terwijl patiënten zelden een afwijkende score behaalden op de BNT. Het lijkt zinvol om de SBT te gebruiken in de klinische praktijk, waarbij reactietijden als een belangrijk component meegenomen worden voor het diagnosticeren van woordvindproblemen bij glioompatiënten.
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Barea, Karla Shimura, and Mônica Sanches Yassuda. "P1-348: BOSTON NAMING TEST (BNT) ORIGINAL AND ADAPTED VERSIONS: PERFORMANCE OF ILLITERATE OLDER ADULTS AND WITH LOW EDUCATIONAL LEVEL." Alzheimer's & Dementia 10 (July 2014): P441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.589.
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D, Gold, Boulos K, Coolbrith N, and Piryatinsky I. "A-035 What Make Them Tick? The Clock Drawing Test and Correlations Between Cognitive and Functional Abilities." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.035.
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Abstract Objective The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is among the most researched cognitive measures and is frequently used to screen for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). No study to date has investigated the relationship between qualitative errors on the CDT and independence in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) or discrete cognitive abilities. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the correlations between qualitative errors on the CDT and IADL status as well as performance in individual cognitive domains. Method Data were retrospectively collected from patients seen at an outpatient clinic in eastern Massachusetts, including 16 healthy controls, 22 patients with mild NCD, and 35 patients with major NCD. Analyses were performed between qualitative errors on the CDT and patients’ scores on the Lawton IADL Scale, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2), Digit Span Forward and Backward, Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results IADL scores were moderately correlated with CDT error types. DRS-2 scores were strongly correlated commission of qualitative errors. Strong to very strong correlations were observed between TMT parts A & B scores and all qualitative error types. BNT performance was strongly correlated with conceptual deficits and spatial/planning errors. Digit Span Forward and Backward scores showed low correlations with all CDT errors. Conclusions Functional status appears only moderately correlated with commission of various CDT errors; however, several cognitive measures showed high correlation with various CDT error types. These findings suggest that certain qualitative errors may be indicative of cognitive impairments warranting further workup. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Medvedev, Oleg N., Christine Sheppard, Laura Monetta, and Vanessa Taler. "The BNT-38: Applying Rasch Analysis to Adapt the Boston Naming Test for Use With English and French Monolinguals and Bilinguals." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0084.
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Chenausky, Karen, Sébastien Paquette, Andrea Norton, and Gottfried Schlaug. "Apraxia of speech involves lesions of dorsal arcuate fasciculus and insula in patients with aphasia." Neurology: Clinical Practice 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000000699.
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ObjectiveTo determine the contributions of apraxia of speech (AOS) and anomia to conversational dysfluency.MethodsIn this observational study of 52 patients with chronic aphasia, 47 with concomitant AOS, fluency was quantified using correct information units per minute (CIUs/min) from propositional speech tasks. Videos of patients performing conversational, how-to and picture-description tasks, word and sentence repetition, and diadochokinetic tasks were used to diagnose AOS using the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale (ASRS). Anomia was quantified by patients' scores on the 30 even-numbered items from the Boston Naming Test (BNT).ResultsTogether, ASRS and BNT scores accounted for 51.4% of the total variance in CIUs/min; the ASRS score accounted for the majority of that variance. The BNT score was associated with lesions in the left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and large parts of the insula. The global ASRS score was associated with lesions in the left dorsal arcuate fasciculus (AF), pre- and post-central gyri, and both banks of the central sulcus of the insula. The ASRS score for the primary distinguishing features of AOS (no overlap with features of aphasia) was associated with less AF and more insular involvement. Only ∼27% of this apraxia-specific lesion overlapped with lesions associated with the BNT score. Lesions associated with AOS had minimal overlap with the frontal aslant tract (FAT) (<1%) or the extreme capsule fiber tract (1.4%). Finally, ASRS scores correlated significantly with damage to the insula but not to the AF, extreme capsule, or FAT.ConclusionsResults are consistent with previous findings identifying lesions of the insula and AF in patients with AOS, damage to both of which may create dysfluency in patients with aphasia.
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Nousia, Anastasia, Vasileios Siokas, Eleni Aretouli, Lambros Messinis, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Maria Martzoukou, Maria Karala, Charalampos Koumpoulis, Grigorios Nasios, and Efthimios Dardiotis. "Beneficial Effect of Multidomain Cognitive Training on the Neuropsychological Performance of Patients with Early-Stage Alzheimer’s Disease." Neural Plasticity 2018 (July 11, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2845176.
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Background and Purpose. There is an increasing interest in the effect of nonpharmacological interventions on the course of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of the present study is to determine the benefits of a structured, multidomain, mostly computer-based, cognitive training (MCT) οn the cognitive performance of patients with early-stage AD. Method. Fifty patients with early-stage AD participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated either to the training program group (n=25) or to a wait list control group (n=25). The training program group received computer-assisted MCT and linguistic exercises utilizing pen and paper supplemented by cognitive-linguistic exercises for homework. The duration of the MCT intervention program was 15 weeks, and it was administered twice a week. Each session lasted for approximately one hour. Objective measures of episodic memory, delayed memory, word recognition, attention, executive function, processing speed, semantic fluency, and naming were assessed at baseline and after the completion of the program in both groups. Results. Analysis showed that in controls, delayed memory and executive function had deteriorated over the observation period of 15 weeks, while the training group improved their performance in word recognition, Boston Naming Test (BNT), semantic fluency (SF), clock-drawing test (CDT), digit span forward (DSF), digit span backward (DSB), trail-making test A (TMT A), and trail-making test B (TMT B). Comparison between the training group and the controls showed that MCT had a significant beneficial effect in delayed memory, naming, semantic fluency, visuospatial ability, executive functions, attention, and processing speed. Conclusions. The study provides evidence of a beneficial effect of MCT with an emphasis on cognitive-language performance of patients with early-stage AD. Considering the limited efficacy of current pharmacological therapies in AD, concurrent computer-based MCT may represent an additional enhancing treatment option in early-stage AD patients.
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W, Goette, Schaffert J, Carlew A, Rossetti H, and Lacritz L. "A-071 Latent Classes of Cognitively Normal Individuals have Unique Relationships between Demographic and Neuropsychological Variables." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 862–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.071.
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Abstract Objective Determine whether clinically normal (CN) individuals represent a single homogeneous group prior to normative adjustment. Method Data from 1,055 CN participants (Mage = 68.0, SD = 8.68; Meducation = 14.9, SD = 2.90; white = 92.7%) from the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium were used. Participants had no recorded neurological, cognitive, or psychiatric diagnoses. Raw scores from the AMNART, Animal Fluency, Boston Naming Test (BNT), CERAD verbal learning test, CLOX1 and CLOX2, MMSE, and Trail Making Test (TMTA and B) were examined with finite mixtures of general linear regression models using age, education, race, and gender as predictors. Each test was modeled with up to 10 latent classes with the Bayesian Information Criterion used to select best fit. Results Animal Fluency, CLOX2, and TMT A errors were best fit by 1 underlying group. The remaining tests required 2 (CERAD, CLOX1, MMSE, and TMT-B errors), 3 (BNT and TMT-A), and 5 (AMNART and TMT-B) latent classes. Generally, latent classes for tests differed in coefficients for race, gender, and intercepts, though results differed from test-to-test (Supporting Figure). Conclusions Latent classes of CN individuals were identified for which the predictive power of certain demographic variables differed depending on the latent class. Further research is needed to identify who may belong to distinct latent classes so the appropriate regression-based norms are used. Different latent class coefficients for race and gender suggest heterogeneity within these variables that can be addressed to produce more accurate models. Findings suggest that regression-based norms could be improved by identifying latent classes and finding ways of predicting who belongs to which latent class.
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Protzner, Andrea B., and Mary Pat McAndrews. "Network Alterations Supporting Word Retrieval in Patients with Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 9 (September 2011): 2605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21599.
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Although the hippocampus is not considered a key structure in semantic memory, patients with medial-temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) have deficits in semantic access on some word retrieval tasks. We hypothesized that these deficits reflect the negative impact of focal epilepsy on remote cerebral structures. Thus, we expected that the networks that support word retrieval tasks would be altered in left mTLE patients. We measured brain activity with fMRI while participants (13 controls, 13 left mTLE, and 13 right mTLE) performed a verb generation task. We examined functional connectivity during this task in relation to language performance on an off-line clinical test of lexical access (Boston Naming Test, BNT). Using task–seed–behavior partial least squares, we identified a canonical language network that was more active during verb generation than the baseline condition, but this network did not correlate with variability in BNT performance in either controls or patients. Instead, additional networks were identified for each group, with more anterior temporal and prefrontal regions recruited for controls and more posterior temporal regions for both left and right mTLE patients. Our findings go beyond the literature emphasizing differences in laterality of language processes in mTLE patients and, critically, highlight how network changes can be used to account for performance variation among patients on clinically relevant measures. This strategy of correlating network changes and off-line behavior may provide a powerful tool for predicting a postoperative decline in language performance.
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de Boer, Riemke G. A., Kerstin Spielmann, Majanka H. Heijenbrok-Kal, Rick van der Vliet, Gerard M. Ribbers, and W. Mieke E. van de Sandt-Koenderman. "The Role of the BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism in Recovery of Aphasia After Stroke." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 31, no. 9 (August 17, 2017): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968317723752.
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Background. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is assumed to play a role in mediating neuroplasticity after stroke. Carriers of the function-limiting Val66Met (rs6265) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may have a downregulation in BDNF secretion, which may lead to a poorer prognosis after stroke compared to noncarriers in motor learning and motor function recovery. The present study investigates whether this polymorphism may also affect the recovery of poststroke aphasia (ie, language impairment). Objective. To study the influence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the recovery of poststroke aphasia. Methods. We included 53 patients with poststroke aphasia, all participating in an inpatient rehabilitation program with speech and language therapy. All patients were genotyped for the Val66Met SNP and subdivided into carriers (at least one Met allele) and noncarriers (no Met allele). Primary outcome measures included the improvement over rehabilitation time on the Amsterdam-Nijmegen Everyday Language Test (ANELT) and the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results. The outcome measures showed a large variability in the improvement scores on both the ANELT and BNT. There was no significant difference between noncarriers and carriers in the primary outcome measures. Conclusion. This study investigated the effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on clinical recovery of poststroke aphasia. In contrast to earlier studies describing a reducing effect of this polymorphism on motor function recovery after stroke, the present study does not support a reduction in language recovery for carriers compared to noncarriers with poststroke aphasia.
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Sandvik, Ulrika, Tomas Adolfsson, Dan N. Jacobson, and Kristina Tedroff. "Cognition in Children with Arachnoid Cysts." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030850.
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Background: This study aims to evaluate if children with temporal arachnoid cysts (AC) have cognitive symptoms and if neurosurgery improves these. Methods: A prospective case series study including consecutive pediatric patients with temporal AC. The children underwent neuroradiology, neuroopthalmologic evaluation, and a standard electroencephalography (EEG). Additionally, a neuropsychologist performed a standardized set of evaluations, with a one-year follow-up consisting of Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children version IV (WISC-IV), FAS (for verbal fluency), Boston Naming Test (BNT, for visual naming ability) and NEPSY-II (Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment) for verbal memory. Results: Fifteen children, 9 boys and 6 girls, were evaluated and 11 underwent surgery. The Full Scale IQ subscore (FSIQ) improved from M = 84.8 to M = 93.0 (p = 0.005). The preoperative Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) was in the low average range (M = 86.7), improving to a level within the average range (M = 94.7, p = 0.001). Preoperative Perceptual Speed Index (PSI) was in the below average range (M = 81.5), improving to a level within the average range (M = 92.5, p = 0.004). Conclusion: ACs are a common finding in a pediatric neurosurgical setting. Our data suggest that some temporal AC have a negative effect on general cognitive ability and that this impairment can be improved by surgery. We suggest a standardized evaluation, including comprehensive and validated neuropsychological assessment tools, to thoroughly assess symptoms as well as the postoperative outcome.