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1

Yusuf‎, A. H., L. M. Paul, L. Ibrahim, et al. "Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Effects of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of ‎Boswellia ‎dalzielii H. in Wistar Rats." Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 3 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54058/saheljvs.v20i3.401.

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The modulatory potentials of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzieliiH. on diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility was investigated in rats. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil induced model using 25 inbreed, overnight fasted rats divided into five groups (A-E). Intestinal motility was determined using Charcoal transit time in 25 overnight fasted rats divided equally into five groups (A-E). Graded doses of the plant extract(100,200 and 400mg/kg respectively) were given to groups B, C and D, while group A served as vehicle control (VEH) (distilled water) and group E served as Atropine control(0.1mg/kg). Antispasmodic activity of the plant extract was determined with 3cm piece of isolated rat ileum incubated in a thermostatically regulated organ bath. The set-up allows for in vitro assessment of intestinal motility with atropine and acetylcholine as standard drugs for cholinergic muscarinic receptor potentials. The ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli H significantly (P< 0.0001) and dose dependently reduced castor oil induced diarrhea and activated charcoal transit time in rats. The plant extract significantly (P<0.05) and dose dependently inhibited acetylcholine induced contractility of isolated ileac segments of rats when compared to controls. The ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H causes delay in gastrointestinal contractions via the inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rats.
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2

DeCarlo, Anjanette, Stephen Johnson, Amadé Ouédraogo, Noura S. Dosoky, and William N. Setzer. "Chemical Composition of the Oleogum Resin Essential Oils of Boswellia dalzielii from Burkina Faso." Plants 8, no. 7 (2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8070223.

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Frankincense, the oleogum resin from members of Boswellia, has been used as medicine and incense for thousands of years, and essential oils derived from frankincense are important articles of commerce today. A new source of frankincense resin, Boswellia dalzielii from West Africa has been presented as a new, alternative source of frankincense. In this work, the oleogum resins from 20 different Boswellia dalzielii trees growing in Burkina Faso, West Africa were collected. Hydrodistillation of the resins gave essential oils that were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. The essential oils were dominated by α-pinene (21.0%–56.0%), followed by carvone (2.1%–5.4%) and α-copaene (1.8%–5.0%). Interestingly, there was one individual tree that, although rich in α-pinene (21.0%), also had a substantial concentration of myrcene (19.2%) and α-thujene (9.8%). In conclusion, the oleogum resin essential oil compositions of B. dalzielii, rich in α-pinene, are comparable in composition to other frankincense essential oils, including B. sacra, B. carteri, and B. frereana. Additionally, the differences in composition between samples from Burkina Faso and those from Nigeria are very slight. There is, however, a rare chemotype of B. dalzielii that is dominated by myrcene, found both in Burkina Faso as well as Nigeria.
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3

Opeyemi, Balogun, Olalekan Ojerinde Stephen, and Emmanuel Alemika Taiwo. "HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF THE AQUEOUS STEM BARK EXTRACT OF Boswellia dalzielii hutch." Continental J. Pharmaceutical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2017): 36–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.569998.

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<em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> Hutch is frankincense producing tree plant, belonging to the family Burseraceae and found in West Africa. The stem bark is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of fever, rheumatism and gastrointestinal troubles and has also been reported to possess anti-ulcer, antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial and antifungal activities, but there is no record of its hypoglycemic activity in the literature. The hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous stem bark extract of <em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> was therefore studied in this work using male albino mice weighing between 15-40g and was compared to that of chlorpropamide, a standard hypoglycemic agent. The extract lowered blood glucose concentration significantly in both normal and alloxan induced hyperglycemic animals at doses of 153mg/kg and 297mg/kg corresponding to 17% and 33% of the LD<sub>50 </sub>(median lethal dose). Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins and flavonoids.The result gave evidence that the aqueous stem bark extract of <em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> possess hypoglycemic effect, similar to that of chorpropamide and can therefore be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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4

Divine, A. Onobrudu. "Saponins and Polyphenolics of Methanol Leaf Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch." Archives of Current Research International 8, no. 3 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/ACRI/2017/34716.

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The aim of this study was to investigate saponins and polyphenolic constituents of methanol leaf extract of <em>Boswellia dalzielii </em>Hutch.The qualitative phytochemistry was based on using reagents known to produce a particular color change which is distinct to that compound, while gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used for the quantitative phytochemistry. The result revealed 24 polyphenolic compounds with protocatechuic acid (32.08%), catechin (23.77%), quercetin (8.35%), luteolin (20.15%) and kaempferol (12.79%) as the predominant constituents, and 11 phytocompounds of saponin with sapogenin (89.98%) and saponine (0.09%) being the predominant constituents. The experimental results indicate that the methanolic extract of <em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> Hutch leaves could be a potent antioxidant agent.
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5

Abduljalil, Nafisa Adamu, A. M. Sharif, and Babangida Lawal. "GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Boswellia dalzielii ON CLINICAL ISOLATES OF Escherichia coli AND Salmonella spp." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 9 (May 3, 2025): 290–95. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-09(ahbsi)-3373.

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Humans have used medicinal plants for thousands of years as natural remedies to prevent, treat and manage various health conditions. The fragrant Boswellia dalzielii plant, is primarily found on rocky, arid, and shallow soils in the West African Savannah region. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark were tested against clinical isolates of E.coli and S.Typhi. Phytochemical tests were conducted to identify the classes of compounds present, the idendity, characteristic structures the various compounds were identified using Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometric analysis (GC-MS) at the department of Chemistry, ABU, Zaria. Antibacterial activity of the extracts were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and phenols were detected in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts, while GC-MS analysis revealed presence of n-hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid and a trace amount of some lipophilic acids. Antibacterial activity of the extract against the bacterial isolates (Salmonella spp. and E. Coli) revealed varied degrees of antibacterial activity. In contrast to aqueous extracts, the ethanolic extract had a comparatively higher zone of inhibition. , the zone of inhibition ranged from 8.00 mm to 16.0 mm, which was much greater than when utilizing an aqueous extract (6.00 mm to 14.0 mm). Both the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations were also recorded. The findings of this study suggested that Boswellia dalzielii stem bark would serve as an important source of medicinal compound which could be harnessed for antibacterial activity.
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6

Yakubu, James, Charity Amos, Asinamai Ndai Medugu, et al. "Bioassay-guided Antidiabetic Study of Chromatographic Fractions of Boswellia Dalzielii Hutch. Leaf Extract." Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 9, no. 1 (2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/pbr.9.1.1098.1.

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Background: Boswellia dalzielli Hutch. (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant, which is used locally by the local dwellers for the management and treatment of microbial-related diseases, neurological conditions, stomach spasms, diabetes, etc. Objectives: This study aimed at isolating a phytochemical of anti-diabetic potentials from the leaf of Boswellia dalzielii in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The n-butanol fraction of the leaf of B. dalzielii was fractionated using column chromatography. Fractions obtained were screened phytochemically and by antidiabetic study. Results: Encoded column fraction B4 (150 mg/kg) produced a maximum reduction (72.45%) in fasting blood glucose (FBG) of animals after 7 hours, which was significantly (P&lt;0.05) different from the controls (alloxan-induced diabetic rats) and was better than glibenclamide (52.67%). The re-column fractions obtained from fraction B4 were pooled based on similar Rf values and encoded B41-B48, and subjected to further antidiabetic evaluation on alloxan-induced mice. Eight sub-fraction with doses of 50 mg/kg each were administered to all the groups. Fraction B44 had the highest reduction of FBG by 65.63%, whose effect was significantly higher than the non-treated diabetic mice (negative control) and glibenclamide (52.68%) at 2.0 mg. Further purification of sub-fraction B44 with Sephadex LH-20 yielded encoded fractions A, B, and C. Isolate C showed the highest inhibition of glycemia (22.85%) when the dose of 10 mg/kg was administered (p.o). Conclusion: The antidiabetic effect of the plant in laboratory animals (rats and mice) may be due to the presence of the isolated phenolic compounds.
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7

Yusuf, Anas Husainy, Ibrahim Lai та Lawan Adamu. "Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia dalzielli H Promotes the Healing of Acetic Acid Induced Chronic Gastric Ulcer by Down-Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) -Αlpha in Wistar Albino Rats". Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, № 2 (2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2022.v07i02.004.

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The present study determines the effects of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii H on gastric homogenate and serum levels of TNF-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), during the healing of chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Wistar albino rats. Round and deep chronic gastric ulcers were induced by a high concentration of acetic acid in Wistar albino rats. 75 rats with gastric ulcers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups (2-5). Rats in group 1 had no gastric ulcer and were administered with vehicle 5ml/kg. Rats in group 2, negative control had gastric ulcers and were treated with vehicle 5ml/kg. Rats in group 3 were treated with ranitidine (50mg/kg) while rats in groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated daily with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli H respectively. Treatment in all the groups was by intragastric administration. Five rats from groups (2-6) were euthanized on days 3, 7, and 9 along with the control group (1). Blood was collected, serum prepared, and assayed for TNFα and VEGF using ELISA. The stomach of each animal was evaluated for gastric ulcer, assessed for histopathologic changes, and preparation of gastric tissue homogenates. Intragastric administration of graded doses of ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli H and ranitidine (50mg/kg) respectively, down-regulated serum and gastric tissue levels of TNF–α significantly (p&lt;0.05), up-regulated VEGF significantly (p&lt;0.05), and increased gastric ulcer healing rate in a significant manner (p&lt;0.05). The increase was time and Dose and time dependent manner when compared to control. Attenuation of TNFα and up-regulation of VEGF by graded intragastric administration of the ethanolic stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielli promotes the healing of chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in Wister albino rats.
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8

Mahmoud Dogara, Abdulrahman, Aisha Abdullahi Mahmud, Bawale Sani Halliru, Isah Labaran, and Hussaini Danlami. "Taxonomic Identification of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch Based on Chemical composition." International Journal of Applied Biology 7, no. 2 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijab.v7i2.30525.

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Abstract The family Burseraceae comprises a total of 18 genera and 540 species. Boswellia dalzielii is a botanical species commonly employed in tropical and subtropical regions for its therapeutic properties, serving as a remedy for a diverse range of health conditions. The taxonomic identification and chemical composition of B. dalzielii in northern Nigeria have not been extensively documented in scientific literature, despite the recognized medicinal efficacy of this plant species. The soxhlet extraction method was employed to extract ethanol, methanol, and aqueous crude from the leaves. Subsequently, the extracted samples were subjected to analysis using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed for the purpose of functional group identification in the crude extract. There was clear and noticeable distinction between the species under consideration on the X axis of principal component (PC) 1. The methanol and aqueous chemicals that were extracted from B. dalzielii showed a higher degree of similarity and were found to cluster together on the left side of the PC1 axis. PC2 did not indicate a clear distinction of the extract. The ethanol extract included 15 different chemicals, the methanol extract contained 12 different chemicals, and the aqueous extract contained 11 different chemicals.
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9

M., Iyabo, Adebisi ., Abba Abubakar, Kabiru Abubakar, Tijjani R., and Giaze . "ANALGESIC EFFECT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII (BURSERACEAE) STEM BARK." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i4.26156.

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Objective: To evaluate the analgesic effect and anti-inflammatory properties of Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae), a medicinal plant commonly used in northern Nigeria as an anti-diarrhoeal, antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.Methods: Three doses (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) of the crude aqueous extract of Boswellia dalzielii were evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced nociception and formalin-induced hind paw oedema in rats. The acute oral toxicity was carried out using the up and down procedure as described by the OECD guidelines.Results: All doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) of the extract tested were effective against acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions producing a percentage inhibition of (55.43, 69.56 and 71.73%) respectively. A percentage inhibition of the formalin-induced nociception of (7.31, 31.70 and 48.78%-early phase) and (12.82, 21.79 and 48.71%-late phase) respectively was also produced. For the acetic acid writhing test, the percentage inhibition obtained at the dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg (69.56 and 71.73%) were higher than that of the standard drug (Piroxicam, 10 mg/kg) (59.78%). For formalin-induced nociception, the test extract at 100 mg/kg showed a higher percentage inhibition compared to Piroxicam, in early (48.78 and 43.90%) and late phase (48.71 and 39.74 %) respectively. The extract, however, did not show a significant activity against formalin-induced paw oedema at all the doses used.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that Boswellia dalzielii has significant analgesic properties comparable to that of the standard drug (10% Piroxicam), thus validating the traditional claim of its antinociceptive property.
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10

Idu, MacDonald, Anthonia Omoregbee, and Benjamin Ogunma Gabriel. "Phytochemical, Antioxidant Screening, Antinociceptive, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Burseraceae) Root Ethanol Extract Using Animal Model." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, no. 1 (2023): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.143-150.

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This study investigated the biological activities and phytochemical screening of Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. Standard procures were used to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity, antipyretic activity in baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia in mice, analgesic property (hotplate and acetic acid-induced in mice), acute anti–inflammation (carrageenan-induce in rats) and chronic arthritis (formalin–induced in rats) on Boswellia dalzielii root ethanol extract. The phytochemical results revealed the presence of phenol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, tannin, saponin. The extract had a significant reduction in the body temperature in graded doses and 100 mg/kg paracetamol at 60 minutes when compared with the control, but 400 mg/kg was more effective (p&lt;0.01). Morphine and plant extract showed a slight significant analgesic property at 0 and 30 minute compared to the control. The extract at 100 mg/kg elicited a significant increase at 60 and 90 minutes compared with the control, and it is comparable to 5 mg/kg morphine. The plant extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and aspirin (100mg/kg) shows significant analgesic properties compared to control (p&lt;0.01) but 200 mg/kg of extract revealed highest percentage inhibition. The extract produced no significant reduction on carrageenan induced inflammatory at all dose level compared to control (p&gt;0.05). The plant extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (1 mg/kg) reduced paw volume across the doses from day 4 compared to the control (p&lt;0.01). The Boswellia dalzielii root extract is a promising anti–inflammatory agent, it also possesses antipyretics, and analgesics effect validating the folklore claim.
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Owolabi, Moses S., Akintayo Ogundajo, Balogun Olaoye Solomon, Logunleko Olatunde, Noura S. Dosoky, and William N. Setzer. "Essential Oil Compositions, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Nigerian Members of the Burseraceae: Boswellia dalzielii and Canarium schweinfurthii." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 8 (2020): 1934578X2094694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20946940.

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The Burseraceae is an important family of resin-producing trees and shrubs, which have yielded biologically active essential oils. Boswellia dalzielii and Canarium schweinfurthii are members of the family that are used in West African traditional medicine for a variety of ailments. The leaf essential oils of B. dalzielii have been obtained from 2 different locations in north-central Nigeria, while the leaf and stem bark essential oils of C. schweinfurthii have been obtained from 3 locations. The chemical compositions of the essential oils have been determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and show wide variation, especially for the leaf essential oils. The leaf essential oils of B. dalzielii and C. schweinfurthii have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity; C. schweinfurthii leaf essential oil showed remarkable activity against Aspergillus niger with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 78.1 μg/mL.
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12

DeCarlo, Anjanette, Stephen Johnson, Kingsley I. Okeke-Agulu, et al. "Compositional analysis of the essential oil of Boswellia dalzielii frankincense from West Africa reveals two major chemotypes." Phytochemistry 164 (August 31, 2019): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.015.

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DeCarlo, Anjanette, Johnson, Stephen, Okeke-Agulu, Kingsley I., Dosoky, Noura S., Wax, Sophia J., Owolabi, Moses S., Setzer, William N. (2019): Compositional analysis of the essential oil of Boswellia dalzielii frankincense from West Africa reveals two major chemotypes. Phytochemistry 164: 24-32, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.015
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13

Abubakar, Hauwau, Albashir Tahir, and Aminu Umar. "Boswellia dalzielii Methanol Stem Bark Extract Demonstrates Significant Analgesic Activity in Swiss Albino Mice." Sciences of Phytochemistry 3, no. 1 (2024): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58920/sciphy0301225.

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Medicinal plants are gaining popularity as safer and more natural alternatives to orthodox medicines for managing health challenges and diseases. One such plant is Boswellia dalzielii, a renowned tree in northern Nigeria extensively used due to its ethnomedicinal importance. To determine the analgesic properties of Boswellia dalzielii methanol extract (BDME), the extract was screened in mice using thermal and acetic acid-induced pain models. The extract's acute toxicity and phytochemical constituents were determined using standard protocols. The results showed that the acute toxicity of the methanol stem bark extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of BDME revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. The extract, at the dose of 50 mg/kg significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) prolonged the pain reaction time at 15 and 30 minutes in the hot plate test, and reduced acetic acid-induced writhing at the 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg doses. The analgesic activity of the extract may be attributed to the phytochemical contents. The findings suggest that BDME have analgesic properties and could be beneficial in alleviating painful conditions.
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Abalo ATATO, Anissou BAWA, Fousseni FOLEGA, et al. "Assessment of the threat status of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Burseraceae) in Togo, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 25, no. 3 (2025): 1257–70. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0854.

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The African frankincense tree (Boswellia dalzielii Hutch.) is a species that occurs in Togo, specifically in the village of Tami in northern Togo. The current number of mature individuals of B. dalzielii is estimated to be 202. Its EOO is estimated to be 1293 km2, and its AOO is 4 km2. Currently, the species is known in only one location. The number of mature individuals qualifies B. dalzielii for criteria D in the Endangered category. Its EOO qualifies the species for criteria B in the Endangered category and with its AOO qualifies the species for B in the Critically Endangered (CR) category. However, the following risks have been identified: overgazing, insect infestation, fire, and a continuing decline in the quality and extent of the habitat, as well as the number of mature individuals. Therefore, the highest category of threat the species meets is B (CR B2ab (iii, iv).
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Anthonia, Omoregbeee, and Idu MacDonald. "GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract of Boswellia dalzieliihutch (burseraceae) root from Nigeria." Chemistry Research Journal 2, no. 2 (2017): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13956230.

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The phytochemistry of ethanolic extract of <em>Boswellia dalzielii</em> root was carried out using GC-MS. This studyis designed at identifying and isolating the major bioactive compounds. Fifteen major compoundswere identified namely; Glycerin, Octanoic acid, 6-Pentyl-5,6-dihydro-2<em>H</em>-pyran-2-one, Decanoic acid, Undecanoic acid, <em>n</em>-Tetradecanoic acid, 2-methy-1- octanol, Hexadecanoic acid, <em>n</em>-Nonyl flouride, Z-11-Hexadecenoic acid, octyl ether, 13-octadecenal,(<em>z</em>), Glycerol 1- palmitate, 2-methyl-<em>Z,Z</em>-3,13- octadecadienol, 4- propyiheptadecane. This study suggests that <em>B. dalzielii</em> root may beantiandrogenic, antifungal, hypocholesterolemic,Flavor, fragrance agent, anti-seizure, anticonvulsant, Laxative, also to treat cerebral edema, rapid and temporary decrease in eye pressure,anginapectoris.
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Yakubu S., Vandi S., and Rejoice A. J. "Trace Elements and Proximate Analysis of <i>Boswellia dalzielii</i> Stem Bark." African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research 16, no. 1 (2024): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.62154/ajastr.2024.016.010392.

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Boswellia dalzielii (B. dalzielii) Hutch is a tree plant of the Burseraceae family found in Savannah woodlands. The decoction of stem bark has been reported to be useful in treating gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatism, septic sores, and sexual ailments. Additionally, it has demonstrated antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The research was undertaken to evaluate the trace element contents and nutritional contents of the stem bark of B. dalzielii using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The elemental analysis showed the presence of: Zn (5.82±0.021 mg/kg), Cu (4.22±0.017 mg/kg), Mn (31.24±0.114 mg/kg), and Fe (9.12±0.318 mg/kg), Se (3.13m±0.223 g/kg) Cr (0.0026±0.211 mg/kg), Co (0.00 mg/kg), Mo (0.0016±0.001 mg/kg), Cd (0.0037±0.117 mg/kg), Ni (0.0016±0.324 mg/kg), and I (4.15±0.214 mg/kg). While the proximate analysis revealed the presence of the following: ash content (5.97±0.315%), moisture (6.22±0.115%), protein (18.52±0.018%), fiber 16.2±0.215%), crude fat (6.02±0.002%), and carbohydrate (31.73±0.224%). Trace elements have well-characterized physiological functions within the body. They regulate biological processes, thereby stabilizing the structures of cells when they are supplied at the normal level, but their deficiency leads to different kinds of diseases. The study suggests that the trace elements present in the bark sample of B. dalzielii may be of value and may have prognostic significance in the early diagnosis and therapy evaluation of some diseases, especially various types of cancer, as well as in anti-diabetic agents. The results of the proximate analysis depict the potentiality of the plant as a good source of nutraceuticals.
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Yakubu, J., CA Maina, FI Abdulrahman, et al. "Phytochemical Analysis, Nutritional Content and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Related Elements of Boswellia Dalzielii." Nig Annals of Pure & Appl Sci 5, no. 1 (2022): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7130802.

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The present study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents, proximate content, and elemental levels of some mineral elements associated with anti-diabetic properties. Fresh leaf, stem, and root barks of <em>Boswellia dalzielii </em>were air-dried, pulverized, and extracted using the cold maceration method with 85% methanol. Proximate analysis was conducted following standard methods. The levels of the mineral elements were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The result of the proximate content revealed that the increasing order of these nutrients among the plant parts is dry matter&gt; carbohydrates &gt; crude fiber&gt; moisture content &gt; ash content &gt; crude protein &gt; fats content. The elemental analysis revealed that Ca had the highest concentration (7.70E-01 mg/g), of all the plant parts the macro-elements analysed. Other macro-elements; K, Mg, and Na in the leaf had concentrations of 4.62E-03, 3.45E-01, and 7.65E-01 mg/kg respectively, while Zn had the highest concentration (9.91E-03) when compared to all the other microelements which were Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni. The concentration of Na (7.20E-01 mg/g) was the highest in the stem bark of the plant while Cd had the lowest (4.15E-05 mg/g). Na had the highest concentration in the root with 6.55E-01 mg/g, while Fe had the lowest, 3.05E-04 mg/g. Lead was not detected in all the plant parts analysed. The phytochemical studies of the crude methanol leaf, stem, and root bark extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The proximate levels and elemental concentrations of the leaf of <em>B</em>. <em>dalzielii </em>were within the permissible limit set by WHO. Thus, <em>Boswellia dalzielii </em>contains phytochemicals and phytonutrients which might synergistically potentiate the antidiabetic activity of the plant.
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Tahir, Albashir, Hauwau Abubakar, Aminu Umar Kura, Suleiman Yunusa, and Yahaya M. Katagum. "The Anticonvulsant Potential of Boswellia dalzielii in Mice – Pilot Study." Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy 11, no. 4 (2023): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/app.2023.110401.

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19

Bashir, Musa, Usman Mohammed Jajere, and Shade Omolabi. "IN VITRO AMELIORATIVE POTENTIAL OF SOME ORGANIC ACID IDENTIFIED FROM BOSWELLIA DALZIELII STEM BARK EXTRACT AGAINST FREE RADICALS." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 9, no. 3 (2025): 129–33. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0903-3347.

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Due to their safety and availability, medicinal plants are natural alternatives to orthodox medicines in health management, particularly in developing countries. One such plant is Boswellia dalzielii, a renowned tree in northern Nigeria that is extensively used due to its ethnomedicinal history. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant of some organic acids identified in the stem bark extract of B. dalzielii by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (LCMS). The stem bark was extracted with ethanol using the cold maceration method. Antioxidant assay using 2,2-Diphenyl 1-Picryl-Hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Property (FRAP), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) methods were used, and the results showed the highest antioxidant activity with higher concentrations of the extract; 49.580% ± 0.214, 3.540 ± 0.022 and 45.145% ± 0.234 for DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 respectively. And significantly lower than the standard (Ascorbic acid) used, 95.01 ± 0.001, 3.540 ± 0.120, and 91.390%± 0.022 respectively. the LCMS profile revealed the presence of many organic acids and other metabolites; Malonamic acid, D-pyroglutamic acid, Maleamic acid, Benzohydroxamic acid, 2-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline, p-tropoquinone (Quinone derivatives) among others. Therefore, the stem bark of B. dalzielii extract possesses antioxidant potential and could be due to its organic acid presence, it can be concluded that the stem bark of this plant may perhaps be useful in health management.
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Mbiantcha, Marius, Alain Ngouonpe Wembe, Amadou Dawe, William Yousseu Nana, and Gilbert Ateufack. "Antinociceptive Activities of the Methanolic Extract of the Stem Bark ofBoswellia dalzieliiHutch. (Burseraceae) in Rats Are NO/cGMP/ATP-Sensitive-K+Channel Activation Dependent." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6374907.

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Boswellia dalzielii (B. dalzielii)is traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatism, pain, and inflammation. The present investigation evaluates the property and possible mechanism of action of the methanolic extract ofB. dalzielii(BDME) on inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Effects of BDME (250 and 500 mg/kg), orally administered, were verified in mechanical hypernociception induced by LPS or PGE2. Mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, and heat hyperalgesia were used in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker), methylene blue (cGMP blocker), or naloxone (opioid antagonist receptor) has been used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of BDME on PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. Chemical profile of BDME was determined by using HPLC-XESI-PDA/MS. BDME showed significant antinociceptive effects in inflammatory pain caused by LPS and PGE2. The extract also significantly inhibited neuropathic pain induced by vincristine. The antinociceptive property of BDME in PGE2model was significantly blocked by L-NAME, glibenclamide, methylene blue, or naloxone. The present work reveals the antinociceptive activities of BDME both in inflammatory and in neuropathic models of pain. This plant extract may be acting firstly by binding to opioid receptors and secondly by activating the NO/cGMP/ATP-sensitive-K+channel pathway.
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Mshelia, E. H., Watirahyel Pindar, Kadam Tadzabia, A. H. Mohammed, and Omolide Ojo. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIBACTERIAL AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII HUTCHIN FROM KALTUNGO, NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 7, no. 6 (2023): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2111.

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The importance of traditional herbal medicinal system has now gained attention in developed and developing countries. Boswellia dalzielii is a tree grows in the wild usually in the Savannah region of West Africa. These work assessed the phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and insecticidal activities of the stem bark extracts of Boswellia dalzielii. The plant extracts were obtained using soxhlet method with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol and water as solvents for 10 hours while the phytochemicals and insecticidal activities were determined using standard methods. The phytochemical screening showed significant presence of carbohydrate in the ethanol and water extracts while significant amount of tannin was detected only in the ethanol extract. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate showed absence of carbohydrate, tannins, phlobotannin, cyanogenic glycoside, chlorogenic acid and alkaloid. Significant amount of flavonoid was seen in the water extract, while only the ethanolic extract showed significant amount of cardiac glycoside and alkaloid. The acetone extract showed significant quantity of alkaloid and terpenes and steroids. The antibacterial screening showed that ethanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity. The petroleum ether extract had the least active components with no activity on the test organisms. The insecticidal activity of the plant extracts showed that acetone extract had the highest insecticidal activity on both the test insects. Camponotus consobrinus shows the highest percentage mortality of 75% at a concentration of 500µg and LC50 of 1.64x102µg followed by the Acanthscelides obtectus with the percentage mortality of 53% at a concentration of 250µg and...
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Younoussa, Lame, Elias Nchiwan Nukenine, and Charles Okechukwu Esimone. "Toxicity of Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) Leaf Fractions against Immature Stages of Anopheles gambiae (Giles) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae)." International Journal of Insect Science 8 (January 2016): IJIS.S37188. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijis.s37188.

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Mosquitoes are vectors of several human pathogens, and great attention has recently been placed on insecticides from plant-derived products, in search for mosquito control agents. This study, thus, investigated the potency of Boswellia dalzielii methanol leaf extract and its four fractions as mosquito ovicide, larvicide, and pupicide against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. The plant products were tested at the following concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm on eggs and 312.5, 625, 1250, and 2500 ppm on the larvae and pupae of the mosquitoes. For results, hatchability of A. gambiae eggs was reduced to 5% with n-hexane fraction at 2000 ppm. Among the plant products tested, n-hexane fraction was most toxic against A. gambiae (LC50 = 385.9 ppm) and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 3394.9 ppm). The n-hexane fraction of B. dalzielii might be used as a mosquitocidal agent in the breeding sites of A. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus.
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Onobrudu, Divine. "Saponins and Polyphenolics of Methanol Leaf Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch." Archives of Current Research International 8, no. 3 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2017/34716.

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Etuk, E. U., B. M. Agaie, P. A. Onyeyili, and C. U. Ottah. "Anti-diarrhoea Effect of Boswellia dalzielii Stem Bark Extract in Albino Rats." Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 1, no. 6 (2006): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jpt.2006.591.596.

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Nas, F., and M. Ali. "Antibacterial Activity of Boswellia dalzielii Leaves Extracts against Some Pathogenic Bacterial Isolates." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 7, no. 1 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2017/37690.

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Adebayo, Ismail Abiola, Adamu Ibrahim Usman, Fatimah Bukola Shittu, et al. "Boswellia dalzielii-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Inhibited Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Kasumi-1 Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8898360.

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Background. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) persists to be a major health problem especially among children as effective chemotherapy to combat the disease is yet to be available. Boswellia dalzielii is a well-known herb that is traditionally used for treatment and management of many diseases including degenerative diseases. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the phytochemicals of B. dalzielii stem bark aqueous extract. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by carrying out Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Energy Filtered Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analyses. Antioxidant capacity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and the antiproliferative effect of the nanoparticles on Kasumi-1 leukemia cells was investigated using PrestoBlue assay. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to observe the effect of the nanoparticles on the leukemia cell cycle progression. Results. Our findings revealed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles were formed from electrons of the plant phytochemicals which include aromatic compounds, ethers, and alkynes. FESEM analysis revealed that the sizes of the nanoparticles range from 12 nm to 101 nm; however, DLS analysis estimated a larger average size of the nanoparticles (108.3 nm) because it measured the hydrodynamic radii of the nanoparticles. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was −16 nm, and the XRD pattern of the nanoparticles has distinct peaks at 38.02°, 42.94°, 64.45°, 77.20°, and 81.47°, which is typical of face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of silver. The Trolox Equivalence Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) of the nanoparticles was estimated to be 300.91 μM Trolox/mg silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles inhibited Kasumi-1 cell proliferation. The half minimal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) that inhibited Kasumi-1 cell proliferation are 49.5 μg/ml and 13.25 μg/ml at 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The nanoparticles induced cell cycle arrest in the Kasumi-1 cells at S (5% increase) and G2/M (3% increase) phases. Conclusion. The nanoparticles synthesized from the stem bark extract of B. dalzielii inhibit the growth of Kasumi-1 leukemia cells by activating cell cycle arrest; thus, they are potential antileukemic agents.
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Yakubu, James, Umar Tanko Mamza, Victor Musa Balami, Asinamai Ndai Medugu, Fanna Inna Abdulrahman, and Olufunke Adebola Sodipo. "Antidiabetic effect of partitioned methanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii (Frankincense tree) in rats." Journal of Phytopharmacology 9, no. 4 (2020): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2020.9402.

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., Roseline Aliyu, Donatien Gatsing ., and Kiri H. Jaryum . "The Effects of Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) Aqueous Bark Extract on Rat Liver Function." Asian Journal of Biochemistry 2, no. 5 (2007): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2007.359.363.

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Kela, S. L., R. A. Ogunsusi, V. C. Ogbogu, and N. Nwude. "Sensibilité de <em> Lymnaea natalensis </em> à quelques extraits de plantes, à l'âge de deux semaines." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 42, no. 2 (1989): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8829.

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Le pouvoir molluscicide de 17 extraits de plantes nigérianes a été évalué sur des Lymnaea natalensis Krauss de 2 semaines (méthode par extraction aqueuse sans évaporation). Cinq extraits ont été inactifs ; en revanche les extraits de Balanites aegytiaca, Blighia sapida, Boswellia dalzielii, Cissampelos mucronata, Detarium microcarpum, Kigelia africana, Opilia celtidifolia, Parkia clappertoniana, Polygonum limbatum, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Nauclea latifolia et Securidaca longipedunculata avaient un effet molluscicide. Cette capacité permettra de les utiliser à l'avenir dans la lutte intégrée contre Lymnaea natalensis, ainsi que contre d'autres mollusques. Les données de mortalité pour les valeurs de la concentration léthale (DL50) pour tous les extraits ont été analysées par la transformation "probit". Les limites supérieures et inférieures de confiance pour la DL50 (P = 0,05) ont aussi été déterminées.
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Kémeuzé, Victor Aimé, Pierre Marie Mapongmetsem, Marie Avana Tientcheu, Bernard-Aloys Nkongmeneck, and René Bernadin Jiofack. "Boswellia dalzielii Hutch: State of the stand and traditional use in the Mbé area." Sécheresse 23, no. 4 (2012): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/sec.2012.0365.

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SABO, Prospère, Amadé OUÉDRAOGO, D. S. J. Charlemagne GBEMAVO, Kolawolé Valère SALAKO, and Romain GLÈLÈ KAKAï. "Land use impacts on Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. an African frankincense tree in Burkina Faso." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 349 (October 4, 2021): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.349.a31960.

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Boswellia dalzielii Hutch., an African frankincense tree, is a socio-economically important aromatic and medicinal tree. It is currently threatened by uncontrolled exploitation, and therefore requires action to ensure its sustainable management. This study assessed the population structure and regeneration of its natural stands across three land use types in Burkina Faso: woodlands, fallows and farmlands. Sixty, fifty and fifty 50 m × 20 m plots were established respectively in woodlands, fallows and farmlands. All the plots were surveyed for adult tree (dbh ≥ 5 cm) density, dbh, total height and health conditions. Data on regeneration density (dbh &lt; 5 cm), source (generative, stem shoots, suckers), total height and collar diameter were also collected. The results show similar total tree heights (7.0 m-9.0 m) but significantly (p &lt; 0.05) smaller tree dbh in woodlands (mean ± SD: 20.5 ± 0.49 cm) and fallows (29.3 ± 0.64 cm) than in farmlands (32.8 ± 0.15 cm). Adult tree density (trees/ha) was 1.3 and 2.7 times higher in woodlands (82.37 ± 6.57) than in fallows (62.00 ± 3.98) and farmlands (30.02 ± 1.63), respectively. The density of regeneration in woodlands was 28 and 6 times higher than in fallows and farmlands, respectively. The majority (&gt; 50%) of regenerating plants were suckers and no seedling regeneration was found in farmlands. The distribution of trees in diameter classes was J-shaped in woodlands, bell-shaped in farmlands and positive asymmetric in fallows, indicating recruitment bottlenecks. We found that 80.18% of individuals encountered were unhealthy. Intensive debarking and cutting were the main threats to the species and no conservation strategy was in place in the study region. We suggest measures to reduce intensive debarking and cutting, which should contribute to better management of the species.
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Kohoude, Midéko Justin, Fernand Gbaguidi, Pierre Agbani, Marc-Abel Ayedoun, Sylvie Cazaux, and Jalloul Bouajila. "Chemical composition and biological activities of extracts and essential oil of Boswellia dalzielii leaves." Pharmaceutical Biology 55, no. 1 (2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1226356.

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Massei, Kimberley, Thomas Michel, Girma Ilayas Obersat, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and Nicolas Baldovini. "Phytochemical study of Boswellia dalzielii oleo-gum resin and evaluation of its biological properties." Phytochemistry 213 (September 2023): 113751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113751.

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34

James, Ayuba Bdliya. "Invitro Evaluation of Boswellia Dalzaelii (Hutch), Prosopis Africana (Itto) and Vachellia Nilotica (L.) Leaf Extract in Control of Fusarium Seed Rot of Maize." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 9, no. 12 (2025): 2727–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14621465.

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The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of leaf extract of Boswellia dalzaelii (hutch), prosopis africana (itto) and vachellia nilotica (l), in control of maize seed rot caused by fusarium verticillioides. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract was evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolite, the result revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, -glycosides, saponins, tannins, Phyto phenol, and terpenes at various degrees of concentration, which are likely the active compound of antimicrobial activities. The effects of leaf extract on the inhibition of spore germination and suppression of mycelial growth were evaluated on the PDA medium amended with extracts. The extracts showed varying degrees of efficacy against the pathogen. The results revealed lower inhibition at a lower concentration of 31.25mg/ml (31.27) and gradually decreased at a maximum concentration of 500mg/ml (11.78). Inhibition and suppression increased with increasing concentration of plant extracts on test organisms (tables 1 and 2. Similarly, the study also revealed that Mycelial growth was significantly (P &le; 0.05) reduced with increased concentration of all the extracts. However, extracts of Boswellia dalzielii, Prosopis africana, and Vechelia nilotica show a significant difference (P &le; 0.05) at a concentration of 31.25mg/ml, 60.5mg/ml, 125mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 500mg/ml.
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Mbiantcha, Marius, Rauf Khalid, Donatien Albert Atsamo, et al. "Anti-hypernociceptive effects of methanol extract of Boswellia dalzielii on STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain." Advances in Traditional Medicine 20, no. 3 (2020): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00411-y.

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36

F.C., Nwinyi, Binda L., Ajoku G.A., et al. "Evaluation of the aqueous extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark for antimicrobial activities and gastrointestinal effects." African Journal of Biotechnology 3, no. 5 (2004): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2004.000-2052.

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37

Vedekoi, Jeweldai, and Sokeng Dongmo Selestin. "Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of ethanol stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii and its phytochemical screening." Pharmaceutical and Biosciences Journal 8, no. 3 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/8/i3/1592219772.

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38

Temitayo, Lucia Ohemu, Ahmed Abubakar, Emmanuel Alemika Taiwo, et al. "In-ovo biological activity of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark extract and fractions against Newcastle disease virus." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 12, no. 3 (2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpp2019.0556.

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39

Kela, S. L., R. A. Ogunsusi, V. C. Ogbogu, and N. Nwude. "Dépistage de l'activité molluscicide de quelques plantes nigérianes." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 42, no. 2 (1989): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8831.

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L'action molluscicide de 25 extraits de plantes nigérianes préparés soit au méthanol, soit avec de l'eau ordinaire, avec ou sans évaporation et utilisés pour différents emplois médicinaux et domestiques a été contrôlée sur des Limnées élevées au laboratoire (Lymnaea natalensis Krauss). Sept plantes se sont révélées inactives ; en revanche, les extraits des 18 plantes restantes (72 p. 100), dont quelques unes sont connues pour leur effet nocif sur les poissons, ont montré une activité molluscicide. Il s'agit de Acacia nilotica, Aristolochia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca, Blighia sapida, Boswellia dalzielii, Detarium microcarpum, Gnidia kraussiana, Kigelia africana, Nauclea latifolia, Opilia celtidefolia, Parkia clappertoniana, Polygonum limbatum, Pseudocedrela kotschyi, Sclerocarya birrea, Securidaca longipedunculata, Ximenia americana, Vetiveria nigritana et Ziziphus abyssinica. Les DL50 de ces extraits ont été déterminés. Il est fortement recommandé que leurs effets toxiques sur les poissons, les cercaires, les oeufs de mollusques et les mammifères fassent l'objet de recherches complémentaires afin de déterminer la concentration adéquate d'utilisation, spécialement dans les étangs à poissons.
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40

Umar, T. Mamza, A. Sodipo Olufunke, I. Abdulrahman Fannah, and Z. Khan Irfan. "Phytochemical Analysis and In vitro Antimicrobial Assay of the Methanolic Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. (Burseraceae)." Chemistry Research Journal 3, no. 4 (2018): 161–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13853958.

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The methanolic stem bark extract of <em>Boswellia dalzielii </em>(BDME) were phytochemically screened and investigated <em>in vitro </em>against six Gram negative bacteria (<em>S. typhi, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. dysentriae, P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis</em>), four Gram positive bacteria (<em>S. aureus, Corynae. spp., S. pyogene and B. subtilis</em>) and four fungal strains (<em>C. albicans, A. flavus, A. niger</em> and<em> Rhizopus spp.</em>) using hole-in-plate disc diffusion technique. The qualitative phytochemical examinations of the crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, aloes, cardenolides, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, resins, saponins, tannins, higher fatty acids and carbohydrates. The <em>in vitro</em> antimicrobial assay revealed that, the DIZ against Gram -ve, Gram +ve and fungal strains ranged from 7.33&plusmn;0.33 to 16.66&plusmn;0.33 mm, 8.33&plusmn;0.33 to 17.00&plusmn;0.00 mm and 9.00&plusmn;0.00 to 17.33&plusmn;0.33 mm respectively. The overall susceptibility showed that BDME was more susceptible to fungal strain (<em>C. albicans</em>) than Gram -ve and Gram +ve, although the inhibitory effect in some particular cases insignificant (P&gt;0.05) against <em>E. coli, S. typhi, S. dysentriae, P. mirabilis, S. aureus, Corynaebacterium spp.</em> at highest dosage (200 mg/hole) compared with standard antibiotic Erythromycin (5&mu;g).&nbsp; The MIC, MBC and MFC results revealed that Gram +ve, Gram -ve and fungal strains ranged from 12.5 to 50 mg/ml, 12.5 to 25 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml respectively. The BDME was more inhibitory and fungicidal at 6.25 mg/ml against <em>C. albicans</em>. The extract has also shown a remarkable inhibitory and bactericidal effect on Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria at 12.5 mg/ml against <em>Corynae. spp</em>., <em>S. dysentriae </em>and <em>B. subtilis </em>respectively. The sensitivity pattern of BDME across the strains of the pathogens studied compared with standard antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Gentamicin) and antifungal (ketoconazole) were susceptible to Gram +ve bacteria with the percentage activity of 100 %, Gram -ve bacteria (66.67 %) and fungal strains (100 %). The spectral intensity index (SII) expressed by the extract was found to be 7.27 mm against all the pathogens. These sensitivities observed were due to the presence of the secondary metabolites in the plant.
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Mamza, Umar T., James Yakubu, Mbursa Chiroma, et al. "Phytochemical Evaluation and In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch. (Burseraceae)." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Chemistry 40c, no. 2 (2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-320x.2021.00007.8.

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42

Ohadoma, Sylvester C., Louis U. Amazu, Felix N. Osuala, and Samuel Iwuji. "Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Commiphora africana and Boswellia dalzielii." UK Journal of Pharmaceutical Biosciences 4, no. 3 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20510/ukjpb/4/i3/107828.

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43

A O, Emmanuel, Adediji J A, and Ehimigbai A R O. "HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII STEM BARK ON THE TESTES OF ADULT WISTAR RATS." Journal of Pharmaceutical & Scientific Innovation 4, no. 5 (2015): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.04562.

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44

Kafuti, Yves S., Stephen O. Ojerinde, Opeyemi Balogun, et al. "Antifungal evaluation and phytochemical screening of methanolic extract and fractions of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark." Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources 14, no. 1 (2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpb.v14i1.8.

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45

DeCarlo, Anjanette, Stephen Johnson, Kingsley I. Okeke-Agulu, et al. "Compositional analysis of the essential oil of Boswellia dalzielii frankincense from West Africa reveals two major chemotypes." Phytochemistry 164 (August 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.015.

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Mamza, U. T., M. Arshad, M. Shah, et al. "Phytochemistry and antimicrobial studies of the solvent partitioned portions of methanolic stem-bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii (burseraceae)." Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences- Chemistry 41c, no. 1 (2022): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-320x.2022.00005.x.

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Vedekoi, Jeweldai, Sokeng Dongmo Selestin та Kamtchouing Pierre. "Effect of Leaf Methanol Extract of Boswellia Dalzielii on the Experimental Inflammatory and Nociceptive Models in Albino Mice". International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences 7, № 3 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20210703.11.

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48

Danlami, Uzama. "Phytochemical, Nutritional and Antimicrobial Screening of Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanolic Extracts of Boswellia Dalzielii Leaves and Bark." American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 3, no. 5 (2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20150305.19.

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Dandashire, Bahauddeen, Abdulkadir Magashi, Bashir Abdulkadir, Muhammad Abbas, Mohammed Goni, and Abdulmalik Yakubu. "Toxicological studies and bioactivity-guided identification of antimicrobially active compounds from crude aqueous stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 6, no. 2 (2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2019.f330.

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M I Bunu, Bunu, Ikhile M I Ikhile, Matheri A N Matheri, Charlotte M T Charlotte, Fotsing M C D Fotsing, and Ndinteh D T Ndinteh. "Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites, Antibacterial, Antiplasmodial and Acute Toxicity Potentials of Chloroform Crude Extract of Boswellia dalzielii Stem Bark." Pharmacognosy Journal 13, no. 2 (2020): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2021.13.50.

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