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Journal articles on the topic 'Botanical species'
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Lu, Zhengfei, Christopher M. Thompson, Tiffany Chua, Silva Babajanian, Yanjun Zhang, Quanyin Gao, Peter Chang, and Gary Swanson. "Single-Laboratory Validation of a Two-Tiered DNA Barcoding Method for Raw Botanical Identification." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 1435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1435.
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Abstract Background: The applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods have been extended from authenticating taxonomic provenance of animal products to identifying botanicals used as herbal medicine and in botanical dietary supplements. DNA barcoding methods for botanical identification must be adequately validated to meet regulatory compliance. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide a validation protocol for a two-tiered DNA barcoding method that aims to identify raw botanicals. Methods: A barcode database was computationally validated to define the barcode combinations that can unambiguously identify botanicals in the database. A maximum variation sampling technique was used to capture a wide range of perspectives relating to DNA barcode-based botanical identification, including plant parts and species distance, for the experimental validation. Twenty-two authenticated botanicals were purposively sampled from different plant parts—covering both closely related and distantly related species—to validate the two-tiered DNA barcoding method. The performance of the method was assessed on accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and uncertainty. Results: High accuracy (100%) and precision (1.0) were obtained from the validation samples. The method was also found to be rugged and have acceptable uncertainty. Conclusions: The method was validated and suitable for DNA-based identification of botanical raw materials listed in the current database. Highlights: This work will provide support guidance for manufacturers and regulatory policy makers to implement equivalent validated and compliant DNA-based testing in quality control processes to improve botanical raw material identification and authentication.
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Montes Espín, Rosalina, Ileana Fernández-Santana, Amanda Lucía Vitlloch Ramos, Leosveli Vasallo Rodríguez, Mario A. Lima Cruz, and Javier Francisco-Ortega. "The expeditions of the research yacht Utowana and the building of the plant living collections of the oldest botanical garden of Cuba." Webbia 76, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-10929.
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Cienfuegos Botanical Garden is the oldest functioning botanical institution of Cuba. It was established originally as a joint endeavor between sugar magnate Edwin F. Atkins and Harvard University in 1901. Between 1925 and 1934, the research yacht Utowana performed ample plant germplasm collections for the USDA in the New and Old World as well as archeological and zoological surveys in the Neotropics. The botanical expeditions were conducted mostly, under the leadership of David Fairchild. In this contribution we review to what extent Utowana expeditions and collections were instrumental in building the living collections of Cienfuegos Botanical Garden. A total of 278 accessions (comprising 254 species) were introduced into this garden directly or indirectly through these expeditions. Currently 57 of these species (132 individuals) are still part of its living collections. Interestingly, five of the Caribbean expeditions of this research yacht carried plant material between the Cienfuegos Botanical Garden and two other botanic gardens that were operated by US entities, namely the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Honduras (owned by the United Fruit Company) and the Summit Gardens in Panama City (managed by the Panama Canal governmental agency). Our study also shows that plant material collected during Utowana expeditions was sent from Old World and Caribbean Island botanic gardens to Cienfuegos Botanical Garden. Thomas Barbour, director of this botanical institution between 1927 and 1946 joined four of these plant hunting endeavors. He provided strong support for the growing of the Cienfuegos Botanical Garden living collections with plant material collected during Utowana expeditions.
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Pinheiro, Claudio Urbano Bittencourt. "Coletas botânicas na zona costeira do estado do Maranhão, nordeste do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 13, no. 6 (December 15, 2020): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v13.6.p3006-3024.
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A área costeira do estado do Maranhão representa, em grande parte, a diversidade ambiental, em especial vegetacional, do Brasil, pela sua extensão e posição geográfica transicional entre o Nordeste e o Norte do país. Este estudo pretendeu levantar, catalogar, analisar e classificar as espécies vegetais da flora de formações costeiras do estado do Maranhão presentes nas coleções e bancos de dados de jardins botânicos. Foram levantadas as espécies vegetais da zona costeira do Maranhão presentes nas coleções dos seguintes jardins botânicos: New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Royal Botanic Gardens (KEW, UK); e Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ, Brasil). As seguintes informações foram extraídas: a) número total de espécies nas quatro instituições, por município costeiro do estado; b) espécies mais coletadas e menos coletadas; c) tipologias de vegetação nas áreas coletadas; d) espécies mais representativas nas tipologias de vegetação; e) formas de crescimento das espécies coletadas; f) distribuição temporal das coletas e das espécies coletadas; g) presença e ausência de espécies em faixas temporais das coletas botânicas. Os dados coletados e as diferentes abordagens nas análises mostraram, no geral, que a área territorial estadual é insuficientemente coletada, com baixo número de coletas, além de temporalmente mal representadas. O estudo resume a realidade vegetal maranhense nos acervos das principais instituições botânicas do mundo e do Brasil. Botanical records of coastal formations in Maranhão, northeastern Brazil A B S T R A C TThe coastal area of the state of Maranhão represents, to a large extent, the environmental diversity, especially the plant diversity, of Brazil, due to its extension and transitional geographical position between the Northeast and the North regions of the country. This study aimed to survey the plant species of the flora from coastal plant formations in the state of Maranhão present in the collections and databases of botanical gardens. Plant species from the coastal zone of Maranhão in the collections of the following botanical gardens were surveyed: a) New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA; b) Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Royal Botanic Gardens (KEW, UK); and Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ, Brazil). The following information were extracted: a) total number of species in the four institutions, by institution, by coastal state municipality; b) more collected species and less collected species; c) types of vegetation in the areas collected; d) more representative species in types of vegetation; e) forms of growth of the species collected; f) temporal distribution of collections and species collected; g) presence or absence of species in collection time frames. The data collected and the different approaches from the analysis showed, in general, that state territorial area is insufficiently collected, with a low number of collections, in addition to collections that are temporally poorly represented. This study summarizes Maranhão’s plant reality in the collections of the main botanical institutions of the world and Brazil.Keywords: botanical collections, herbarium, Maranhão.
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Panyadee, P., W. Tanming, and C. Maknoi. "Plants without borders: new records of two presumed Thai endemic Gesneriaceae in Laos." Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 72, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26492/gbs72(2).2020-11.
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Botanical expeditions in Laos through a collaboration between Thailand (Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden) and Laos (Pha Tad Ke Botanic Garden) to document plant diversity and collect plants for ex situ conservation, led to the discovery of two species of Gesneriaceae previously believed to be endemic to Thailand: Damrongia trisepala (Barnett) D.J.Middleton & A.Weber and Didymocarpus formosus Nangngam & D.J.Middleton. Information on these species is provided.
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Wahidah, Baiq Farhatul, I. Putu Gede P. Damayanto, and Sri Mulyani. "Bamboo Diversity in Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Central Java." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 27, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v27n1.2021.p57-70.
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<p>The efforts of Bamboo conservation have been conducted by botanical gardens in Indonesia, including the Indrokilo Botanical Garden, Central Java. Scientific information regarding the bamboo collection of the Indrokilo Botanical Garden, however, is not yet available. This study aimed to determine the diversity of the species, as well as, to provide a synopsis and the similarity analysis of the bamboo species in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden. Exploration and collection of bamboo specimens have been carried out by the Indrokilo Botanical Garden. Processing and identification of the specimens were carried out at Herbarium Bogoriense. A total of 27 morphological characters were used for similarity analysis using the UPGMA method with Nei & Li similarity coefficients. The data were analyzed descriptively. There are seven species of bamboo in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden: Bambusa glaucophylla, B. lako, B. multiplex, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus sp., Guadua cf. angustifolia, and Schizostachyum sp. A synopsis of the bamboo species and their identification keys to the species were provided. Based on the similarity analysis, bamboo in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden consists of five groups at a similarity index of 70%. The diversity of bamboo species in the Indrokilo Botanical Garden is relatively low compared to some botanical gardens in Indonesia.</p>
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Savosko, V. M. "The dynamics of the dendroflora ecomorphic and biomorphic spectra at the former Botanic garden of the Kryvyi Rih state educational institute." Ecology and Noospherology 25, no. 1-2 (August 27, 2012): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031404.
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The aim of the work is to identify the features of the temporal dynamics of the ecomorphic and biomorphic spectra at the former Botanic Garden of the Kryvyi Rih State Educational Institute. It was found that on 01.10. 2011 in the plantations of the former Botanical Garden 47 species of trees, shrubs and lianas had grown. In the composition of the dendroflora only five species of gymnosperms and 42 species of angiosperms had been revealed. Leading families were Rosaceae, Fabaceae and Salicaceae and Aceraceae. The dominant genera were Acer and Populus. For the last 40 years, 99 species, 46 genera and 10 families from the collection had been dropped out. At the same time, the Botanical Garden was the only habitat of unique species such as Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Celtis australis, Securinega suffruticosa, Cercis siliquastrum, Indigofera gerardiana, Kerria japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata, Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Schisandra chinensis. At present the scientific collections in our region are lacking in these species. Since that time, the dendroflora’s trofomorphic spectrum of the former Botanical Garden had undergone some changes. The first thing to note is an increase in the proportion of mehatrophes: from 15.5 % in 1966 – up to 25.5 % in 2006 (1.6 times). At the same time the total proportion of olihotrophes and olihomezotrophes had been reduced: from 26.4 % in 1966 to 14.9 % in 2006 (1.8 times). Despite the lack of a clear trend towards changing the proportion of mezotrophes, they are consistently the most common woody plants of the Botanic Gardens. Age-related changes of the dendroflora’s hygromorphic spectrum of the former Botanical Garden have such directions: the proportion of xerophytes decreased in 1.9 times and mezohygrophytes in 2.4 times. However, there has been an increase in the relative number of mezophytes (1.1 times), mezokserophytes (1.2 times) and hygromezophytes (1.6 times). Over the time the dendroflora’s heliomorhic spectrum had the following changes from the former Botanical Garden: despite the decrease in the proportion of heliophytes (from 58.8 % in 1966 to 53.2 % in 2006), they remained the largest group of the spectrum. At the same time it was revealed an increase of scioheliophytes in 1.4 times, and overall reduction of heliosciophytes and sciophytes in the number and proportion. In the plantations of the Botanic Gardens it has been established a tendency of the introduced species reduction and of the native species increase. However, this has not changed the overall pattern – the dominance of the introduced species, both trees and shrubs. On the whole the conditions of the region are the most adapted for megatrophes plants, mesophytes and heliophytes and trees. The basis of the collection consists of introduced species from the Atlantic-North American, East Asian and Tsimkumboreal floristic regions.
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Persano Oddo, Livia, Lucia Piana, Stefan Bogdanov, Antonio Bentabol, Panagiota Gotsiou, Jacob Kerkvliet, Peter Martin, et al. "Botanical species giving unifloral honey in Europe." Apidologie 35, Suppl. 1 (2004): S82—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:2004045.
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Mel'nik, V. A. "Contributions to the study of micromycetes in the park and greenhouses of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (St. Petersburg)." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 45 (2011): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2011.45.118.
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Data on 200 micromycetes revealed in the Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute are reported. Most of them refer to anamorphic fungi, namely 162 species (hyphomycetes — 81, coelomycetes — 81). Peronosporaceous fungi are represented by 14 species, ascomycetes by 18 species (including 11 powdery mildews), rust fungi by 6 species. Specimens of these micromycetes are kept in the mycological herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE).
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Mikatadze-Panstulaia, Tsira, Sandro Kolbaia, and Ana Gogoladze. "Safeguarding Wild Plant Genetic Resources of Georgia within the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p37.
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Working group of the Department of Plant Conservation of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia (NBGG) have been participating in the global Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, led by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew since 2005. During the 2005-2018 period, within the scope of MSB-1 and MSB-2, seeds and herbarium samples of more than 1750 plant species and interspecific taxa, belonging to 107 families and 483 genera (more than 41% of Georgia’s flora) – 348 endemics of Caucasus and 151 endemics of Georgia, have been secured in the National Seed Bank of Georgia (NSB). Seed Bank data are managed in BRAHMS (Department of Plant Sciences of Oxford University). The collection of wild plant species is accompanied by the comprehensive database of geographical, botanical and habitat information. Later phase involves laboratory treatment and germination/viability testing (at least 500 seeds per species) and the long-term deposition and storage (under -20◦C temperature) at the National Seed Bank of Georgia. The duplicates of seed collection and herbarium vouchers are stored at the Millennium Seed Bank of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Germination capacity and viability of collections in NSB is determined before cold storage of seeds, while at the MSB already banked seeds are tested.Keywords: Seed bank; Ex-situ conservation; Plant diversity; Botanical garden; Genetic resources
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Agita, Agis, Nuning Nurcahyani, M. Kanedi, and Hendri Busman. "Birdwatching Potency at Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.6.
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<p align="justify">The Liwa Botanical Garden is located in Kubu Perahu Village, Balik Bukit District, West Lampung Regency. The Liwa Botanical Garden has an area of 86 ha, build in 2007 with the theme of Indonesian Ornamental Plants. The Liwa Botanical Garden is one of the destinations that is being developed for tourism activities and used as a recreational object. One of the functions of the Liwa Botanical Garden is as a tourist spot. Plants in the Liwa Botanical Garden are so beautiful. The Liwa Botanical Garden is a bird habitat because ithas an abundant source of food for birds. Therefore it is necessary to do an inventory of birdspecies by conducting research to find out potential bird species that are used as touristattractions (birdwatching) at the Liwa Botanical Garden. This research was conducted onOctober 2019. The method used was the point count method and rapid assessment. Basedon field observations found 14 species of birds that are not protected and only 1 species ofbirds included in the protected category. And found 8 types of plants, namely 5 types oftrees, 1 species of ferns, 1 species of bushes, and 1 type of reeds.</p>
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Folcz, Ádám, and Zoltán Börcsök. "Macrofungi in the Botanical Garden of the University of West Hungary, Sopron." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2015-0009.
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Abstract Botanical gardens have diverse habitats and floristic conditions. The aim of this study was to examine whether these specific environmental conditions have a positive impact on the appearance of mushrooms. Between 2011 and 2013, mycological observations were performed in the Botanical Garden of the University of West Hungary, Sopron. A total of 171 mushrooms species were identified. Several rare species and two protected species were found. The identification and classification of the species reveal how botanical gardens provide a special habitat for mushrooms. These features of botanical gardens are beneficial for fungal dissemination and preservation.
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Kulić, I. M., M. Mani, H. Mohrbach, R. Thaokar, and L. Mahadevan. "Botanical ratchets." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1665 (March 11, 2009): 2243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1685.
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Ratcheting surfaces are a common motif in nature and appear in plant awns and grasses. They are known to proffer selective advantages for seed dispersion and burial. In two simple model experiments, we show that these anisotropically toothed surfaces naturally serve as motion rectifiers and generically move in a unidirectional manner, when subjected to temporally and spatially symmetric excitations of various origins. Using a combination of theory and experiment, we show that a linear relationship between awn length and ratchet efficiency holds under biologically relevant conditions. Grass awns can thus efficiently transform non-equilibrium environmental stresses from such sources as humidity variations into useful work and directed motion using their length as a fluctuation amplifier, yielding a selective advantage to these organelles in many plant species.
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Pawar, Rahul, Sara Handy, Raymond Cheng, Nicole Shyong, and Erich Grundel. "Assessment of the Authenticity of Herbal Dietary Supplements: Comparison of Chemical and DNA Barcoding Methods." Planta Medica 83, no. 11 (April 28, 2017): 921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-107881.
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AbstractAbout 7 % of the U. S. population reports using botanical dietary supplements. Increased use of such supplements has led to discussions related to their authenticity and quality. Reports of adulteration with substandard materials or pharmaceuticals are of concern because such substitutions, whether inadvertent or deliberate, may reduce the efficacy of specific botanicals or lead to adverse events. Methods for verifying the identity of botanicals include macroscopic and microscopic examinations, chemical analysis, and DNA-based methods including DNA barcoding. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations may fail when a supplement consists of botanicals that have been processed beyond the ability to provide morphological characterizations. Chemical analysis of specific marker compounds encounters problems when these compounds are not distinct to a given species or when purified reference standards are not available. Recent investigations describing DNA barcoding analysis of botanical dietary supplements have raised concerns about the authenticity of the supplements themselves as well as the appropriateness of using DNA barcoding techniques with finished botanical products. We collected 112 market samples of frequently consumed botanical dietary supplements of ginkgo, soy, valerian, yohimbe, and St. Johnʼs wort and analyzed each for specific chemical markers (i.e., flavonol glycosides, total isoflavones, total valerenic acids, yohimbine, and hypericins, respectively). We used traditional DNA barcoding techniques targeting the nuclear ITS2 gene and the chloroplast gene psbA-trnH on the same samples to determine the presence of DNA of the labelled ingredient. We compared the results obtained by both methods to assess the contribution of each in determining the identity of the samples.
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Scariot, Valentina, Aziz Akkak, and Roberto Botta. "Characterization and Genetic Relationships of Wild Species and Old Garden Roses Based on Microsatellite Analysis." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 1 (January 2006): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.1.66.
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Six polymorphic sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMSs) were used to characterize 65 accessions of old garden roses [OGRs (Rosa L. spp.)] from seven botanical sections and 13 horticultural groups. Aims of the study were to define the genetic profiles of accessions and to provide information useful for the classification and pedigree reconstruction of OGRs. In roses, a precise botanical classification is difficult due to repeated hybridization carried out in breeding; OGRs are classified in horticultural groups on the basis of their original parentage or of their morphological traits. A total of 82 alleles were detected at six loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 21, with an average of 13.7 alleles per locus. A dendrogram was constructed by cluster analysis, displaying the relative genetic similarities between species' accessions, hybrids, and cultivars. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven major clusters that were substantially consistent with their classification into botanical sections and horticultural groups. Several hypotheses of apportionment of accessions to horticultural groups were evaluated on the basis of the relative position in the dendrogram of the analyzed individuals. Results demonstrated that DNA analyses can contribute to drawing the botanic classification of rose accessions, improving the genetic knowledge on the background of modern rose, and providing the basis for breeding programs.
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Ferreira, Marta Salvador, Maria Catarina Magalhães, Rita Oliveira, José Manuel Sousa-Lobo, and Isabel Filipa Almeida. "Trends in the Use of Botanicals in Anti-Aging Cosmetics." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123584.
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Botanical ingredients have been used for thousands of years in skincare for their convenience as well as the diversity and abundance in compounds with biological activity. Among these, polyphenols and especially flavonoids have gained increasing prominence due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the most used botanical preparations in anti-aging products marketed in 2011 were determined. The analysis was repeated in 2018 for new and reformulated products. The scientific evidence for their application as active ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics and their flavonoid content was also compiled by searching in online scientific databases. Overall, in 2018, there was a noticeable increase in the use of botanical preparations in anti-aging cosmetics. However, the top three botanical species in both years were Vitis vinifera, Butyrospermum parkii, and Glycine soja, which is consistent with the greater amount of scientific evidence supporting their efficacy. Regarding the function of botanical preparations, there is a clear preference for DNA-protecting ingredients. The most prevalent flavonoids were flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins. This study provided an updated overview of the market trends regarding the use of botanicals in anti-aging products and documented the state of the art of scientific evidence for the most used plants.
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McNamara, William A. "Quarryhill Botanical Garden." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 11 (October 29, 2013): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2013.48.
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Quarryhill Botanical Garden is a privately operated foundation in the town of Glen Ellen, California. The garden features plants from Asia and the reasons for this are described along with its history. In 2012, the garden celebrated its 25th anniversary and the launch of three significant developments: an education programme for local elementary schools, an ex situ conservation project for Acer pentaphyllum which is endangered and the creation of a heritage rose garden demonstrating the influence of Chinese species roses on modern roses.
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., Sunaryo, and Tahan Uji. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BENALU PEMARASIT PADA TANAMAN DI KEBUN RAYA BATURRADEN DAN SEKITARNYA." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i2.1204.
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Benalu is one of the parasitic plant group which have been ataccked to many plantsspecies in Baturraden Botanical Garden and its vacinity. Exploration and collection of parasitic plants species in this area are conducted. Five parasitic plants species, i.e.Dendropthoe curvata, Dendropthoe pentandra, Macrosolen cochinchinensis, Scurrula lepidota and Scurrula parasitica are recorded to parasiting 18 plants species in this area. Dendropthoe pentandra is reported as the highest population species to parasiting plants species. While the plants species of Myrtaceae and Lauraceae families are also reported as the highest species parasited.Key words : diversity – mistletoe – Baturraden Botanic Garden and its vacinity
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Cavender, Nicole, Murphy Westwood, Catherine Bechtoldt, Gerard Donnelly, Sara Oldfield, Martin Gardner, David Rae, and William McNamara. "Strengthening the conservation value of ex situ tree collections." Oryx 49, no. 3 (February 9, 2015): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000866.
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AbstractWith 10% of trees (> 8,000 species) threatened with extinction there is an urgent need for botanical gardens to protect threatened trees in dedicated conservation collections. Species conservation is mentioned in the mission statements of most major botanical gardens, yet the actual conservation value of existing ex situ tree collections is low. We conducted interviews with members of the botanical garden community and organized a symposium at the 5th Global Botanic Gardens Congress to identify challenges and collect recommendations to improve living ex situ tree collections. We summarize and evaluate this information to facilitate gardens becoming more effective agents for global tree conservation. Experts agree that gardens offer valuable strengths and assets for tree conservation. Some challenges exist, however, including a lack of strategic conservation focus, collection management limitations, gaps in fundamental biological information for trees, and a lack of global coordination. Solutions are offered to facilitate gardens and arboreta of all sizes to participate more effectively in tree conservation. Prioritizing genetically diverse tree collections, participating in conservation networks, developing tree-specific conservation models and guidelines, and strengthening tree science research efforts are a few examples. Most importantly, a more coordinated global effort is needed to fill knowledge gaps, share information, and build conservation capacity in biodiversity hotspots to prevent the loss of tree species.
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MICHAUD, A., S. PLANTUREUX, B. AMIAUD, P. CARRÈRE, P. CRUZ, M. DURU, B. DURY, et al. "Identification of the environmental factors which drive the botanical and functional composition of permanent grasslands." Journal of Agricultural Science 150, no. 2 (June 14, 2011): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000530.
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SUMMARYManaged grasslands provide environmental and agronomic services that can be predicted from the botanical and functional composition of the vegetation. These are influenced by management, edaphic and climatic factors. The present report set out to estimate and analyse the relative importance of management, soil and climate factors on botanical and functional characteristics of grassland vegetation. A set of 178 French grasslands having a large pedoclimatic and management gradient was selected, and information collected on botanical composition, pedoclimatic factors and management. Six vegetation characteristics were considered: two botanical (floristic composition and species dominance) and four functional (proportion of entomophilous species, number of oligotrophic species, leaf dry matter content and date of flowering). First, the links between the characteristics of the vegetation were analysed to check for any redundancy among them; all were kept. Second, it was demonstrated that botanical and functional characteristics were not driven by the same factors: functional composition was characterized by management, edaphic and climatic factors, whereas botanical composition was influenced mainly by climatic and edaphic factors plus other factors. Interactions between factors also have to be taken into consideration to predict botanical and functional composition of grasslands. Functional and botanical characteristics of vegetation help to predict ecosystem services delivered by grasslands and may be used in combination.
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Tys, Jerzy, Aleksandra Szopa, Justyna Lalak, Mariola Chmielewska, Anna Serefko, and Ewa Poleszak. "A botanical and pharmacological description of petasites species." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2015-0062.
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AbstractThe objective of this review was to evaluate the botanical and pharmacological description of Petasites species. Petasides (butterbur) as a perennial shrub which was found in Europe and also in a parts of Asia and North America, has been widely used medicinally for centuries. At present, the main phytopharmacology uses for Petasides extracts are for prophylactic treatment of migraines, as well as an antispasmodic agent for bronchial asthma and pertussis. Furthermore, it has been used effectively in preventing gastric ulcers, and in urinary tract spasms and treating patients with irritable bladder. But still, there is a need for more studies on the potential applications of butterbur extract in medicine.
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Harley, Suzanne M. "Charles Darwin's Botanical Investigations." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.2.5.
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Charles Darwin's botanical studies provide a way to expose students to his work that followed the publication of On the Origin of Species. We can use stories from his plant investigations to illustrate key concepts in the life sciences and model how questions are asked and answered in science.
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Pinheiro, Claudio Urbano Bittencourt. "O uso de dados de coletas botânicas em estudos de diversidade e conservação vegetal nas zonas costeiras das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil (The use of data from botanical collections in studies of diversity and plant conservation in the coastal zones of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.4.p1449-1465.
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Os herbários documentam a diversidade vegetal de determinada região ou país, funcionando como ferramentas para os estudos de plantas. Para este estudo, foram levantandos dados da flora costeira das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil presentes nas coleções e bancos de dados do New York Botanical Garden (EUA), Smithsonian Institution (EUA), Royal Botanic Gardens (UK) e Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Foram coletados e analisados dados botânicos e ambientais obtidos das etiquetas de coletas botânicas em 232 municípios costeiros das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram processados e analisados com o uso do software estatístico JMP, resultando em uma avaliação da terminologia de classificação da vegetação usada por coletores botânicos, da distribuição do número de espécimes e espécies coletadas nestas regiões, da distribuição espacial e temporal das coletas botânicas, além de uma avaliação da riqueza e da conservação de espécies com base nas informações das coleções botânicas. Os resultados mostraram falta de padrões para classificações e terminologias usadas por coletores, o que dificulta o uso dos dados em estudos mais amplos. Revelaram também baixa representatividade de espécies nos herbários em relação ao número de espécimes existentes, bem como um significativo desequilíbrio numérico, temporal e espacial nas coletas botânicas na área de estudo com distribuição irregular ao longo do espaço geográfico, produzindo áreas bem coletadas e áreas com grandes lacunas de coletas. Em geral, parece ser necessário um esforço mais coordenado, não somente entre instituições, mas também dentro de cada instituição, que resulte em coletas mais efetivas e mais bem distribuídas, em número, tempo e espaço. A B S T R A C THerbaria document the plant diversity of a particular region or country, functioning as tools for plant studies. For this study, data were collected on the flora of the coastal formations of the North and Northeast of Brazil present in the collections and databases of the New York Botanical Garden (USA), Smithsonian Institution (USA), Royal Botanic Gardens (UK) and Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Data were collected and analyzed from botanical collections of 232 coastal municipalities of the North and Northeast regions of Brazil obtained from labels of botanical collections. The data were processed and analyzed using the statistical software JMP, resulting in an evaluation of the classification of the vegetation used by botanical collectors, distribution of the number of specimens and species collected, spatial and temporal distribution of the botanical collections, as well as an evaluation of the richness and conservation of species based on botanical collections. The results showed lack of standards for classifications and terminologies used by collectors what make difficult the use of these data on broader studies. They also revealed low representativeness of species in herbaria in relation to the number of existing specimens, as well as a significant numerical, temporal and spatial imbalance in the botanical collections in the study area with irregular distribution along the geographic space, producing well-collected areas and also areas with large collection gaps. In general, a more coordinated effort seems to be needed, not only among institutions, but also within each institution, which could result in more effective and better distributed collections, in number, time and space.Keywords: Botanical Collection, Herbarium, Distribution, Diversity, Conservation
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Groom, Quentin J., and Sarah J. Whild. "Characterisation of false-positive observations in botanical surveys." PeerJ 5 (May 17, 2017): e3324. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3324.
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Errors in botanical surveying are a common problem. The presence of a species is easily overlooked, leading to false-absences; while misidentifications and other mistakes lead to false-positive observations. While it is common knowledge that these errors occur, there are few data that can be used to quantify and describe these errors. Here we characterise false-positive errors for a controlled set of surveys conducted as part of a field identification test of botanical skill. Surveys were conducted at sites with a verified list of vascular plant species. The candidates were asked to list all the species they could identify in a defined botanically rich area. They were told beforehand that their final score would be the sum of the correct species they listed, but false-positive errors counted against their overall grade. The number of errors varied considerably between people, some people create a high proportion of false-positive errors, but these are scattered across all skill levels. Therefore, a person’s ability to correctly identify a large number of species is not a safeguard against the generation of false-positive errors. There was no phylogenetic pattern to falsely observed species; however, rare species are more likely to be false-positive as are species from species rich genera. Raising the threshold for the acceptance of an observation reduced false-positive observations dramatically, but at the expense of more false negative errors. False-positive errors are higher in field surveying of plants than many people may appreciate. Greater stringency is required before accepting species as present at a site, particularly for rare species. Combining multiple surveys resolves the problem, but requires a considerable increase in effort to achieve the same sensitivity as a single survey. Therefore, other methods should be used to raise the threshold for the acceptance of a species. For example, digital data input systems that can verify, feedback and inform the user are likely to reduce false-positive errors significantly.
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Hughes, Kate. "Sibbaldia procumbens: An icon redrawn." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 20 (August 17, 2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2021.394.
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A new cover has been created for Sibbaldia the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture to commemorate the 350 Anniversary of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) in 2020. The Sibbald Trust, which supports the work of the Garden, agreed to fund the commissioning of a botanical drawing of the alpine species Sibbaldia procumbens L. to be used as the cover image for volume 20 and subsequent volumes. The drawing and accompanying colour wash overlay will become part of the RBGE Florilegium - a collection of botanical drawings that form a visual record of the Living Collection and a reflection of the scientific and horticultural interests of the institute. This article describes the process of creating a painting of a small plant with minute details. Colour images of the plant and the drawings are also reproduced.
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PHIRI, P. S. M., and D. M. MOORE. "A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia." Archives of Natural History 25, no. 2 (June 1998): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1998.25.2.283.
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Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.
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Troshkina, Victoria I. "Taxonomic revision of the family Geraniaceae in the flora of Mongolia." Turczaninowia 24, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.24.1.2.
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The species composition of the Geraniaceae family in the flora of Mongolia is revised as a result of a critical study of collections of the Herbarium of V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the D. P. Syreischikov Herbarium of Biological Faculty of Moscow State University (MW), the N. V. Tzitzin of the Main Botanical Garden (MHA), of the M. G. Popov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NSK), of the I. M. Krasnoborov Herbarium of Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS), Herbarium of the Tomsk State University (TK), Herbarium of the South Siberian Botanical Garden (ALTB), Herbarium of the Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (UBA), of the Martin-Luther University Herbarium (HAL), and own gatherings. The species Geranium pamiricum Ikonn. is identified for the first time in the flora of Mongolia. The areas of some species are clarified; maps of distribution over the territory of Mongolia are given.
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Stojanowska, Wanda. "Lamproderma scintilans, a myxomycete species new for Poland." Acta Mycologica 39, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2004.001.
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<i>Lamproderma scintilans</i> (Berk. et Britzelm) Morgan, collected in the Botanical Garden of Wrocław University, is a new slime mould in Poland. Between 13 May and 23 May 2003, an abundant occurrence of the species was observed in the litter. In 2004, it was noted occasionally whereas <i>Didymium squamulosum</i> was numerous in the litter. Other myxomycetes accompanied <i>Lamproderma scintilans</i>. Consequently, the number of slime moulds in the Botanical Garden increased by 3 species, and a total number of 80 taxa has been recorded in this site.
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Martínez-Camilo, Rubén, Nayely Martínez-Meléndez, Manuel Martínez-Meléndez, Miguel Ángel Pérez-Farrera, and Derio Antonio Jiménez-López. "Why continue with floristic checklists in Mexico? The case of the Tacaná-Boquerón Priority Terrestrial Region, in the Mexican State of Chiapas." Botanical Sciences 97, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2174.
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Background: Some regions of Mexico have been relatively well explored floristically and estimates of the vascular plant richness they contain have been obtained. However, there are still regions that require effort to obtain the most appropriate lists of flora possible that consider both systemization of the information and that benefit from recent botanical explorations.Questions: What is the species richness of vascular plants in the Tacaná-Boquerón Priority Terrestrial Region? What proportion of the species are endemic or included in risk categories?Study sites and dates: Tacaná-Boquerón Priority Terrestrial Region, Chiapas State, Mexico. This region is on the Guatemala border and covers an area of 57,400 ha. Between 1920 and 2015.Methods: A database of 14,487 vascular plant records was integrated. Two sources of information were compared: systematization of databases, and recent botanic expeditions.Results: We found 2,485 native species belonging to 185 families. Both data sources were complementary in order to obtain a more complete floristic checklist (systematization of database: 1,774 spp., recent botanic expeditions: 1,514 spp.). As novelties, we found three new species and seven new reports for Mexico. Approximately 14 % of the species documented are included in risk categories or are endemic to the study site.Conclusions: Our checklist is one of the largest in the region (Mexico and Central America) in terms of species count. Our study shows the importance of conducting botanical explorations to complement the information on vascular plant richness in relatively well-explored areas of Mexico.
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Perrino, P., G. Maruca, V. Linsalata, V. V. Bianco, R. N. Lester, and V. Lattanzio. "Flavonoid taxonomic analysis of Vicia species of section Faba." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 3529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-434.
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The flavonoids rutin, quercitrin, hyperoside, quercetin-3-arabinoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, and robinin were identified in leaves of six Vicia species of section Faba. Flavonoid glycosidic pattern was utilized to draw taxonomical relationships amongst the six species. The four botanical varieties of Vicia faba were found to be distinct from the narbonensis group and Vicia bithynica. Indeed, flavonoid fingerprints using high performance liquid chromatography show that the four botanical varieties of V. faba L. are closely related, whereas the wild species separate into three subgroups.
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Hanazaki, Natalia, Rogério Mazzeo, Alexandre Romariz Duarte, Vinícius Castro Souza, and Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues. "Ecologic salience and agreement on the identification of tree species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Biota Neotropica 10, no. 1 (March 2010): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032010000100007.
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This study aims to investigate the consensus among informants in the naming of tree species from a high diversity environment, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Sete Barras, SP), through a methodological procedure based on standardized stimuli. Seven selected local experts on tree species used for timber and handicrafts were asked to walk individually across the same area of 1.72 ha and identify and name all the known trees of more than 4 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) using common names. All trees were botanically identified, and their DBH and height were measured. The ecologic salience of tree species, expressed in terms of abundance, average height and DBH, was tested in relation to the informants' knowledge and species naming. The guided walks resulted on 708 identification events, with common names corresponding to 122 botanical species, or 68% of all tree species present. Both the reduced abundance and ecological salience of rare species can explain their recognition. The highest concordances in naming a tree were related only to the species abundance and not to their size (given by diameter and height). In some cases, there is no single common name for a botanical species, reflecting the intrinsic variation in local knowledge, which must be considered in ethnobotanical studies, in ecological assessments based on local knowledge, as well as in community-based conservation and management programs.
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Khatun, Most Morsada, Md Ashik Mia, and AKM Golam Sarwar. "Taxonomic diversity of broad-leaf weeds at Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and their ethno-botanical uses." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 526–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44622.
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An intensive survey and literature review was furnished to study taxonomic diversity and ethno-botanical uses of broad-leaf weeds available in BAU campus. Availability of 107 broad-leaf weed species has been identified and those belong to 78 genera and 38 families. Among the families, Fabaceae is best-represented with 13 weed species followed by Euphorbiaceae and Amaranthaceae (seven species in each), Solanaceae (six species), Convolvulaceae and Polygonaceae (five species); 17 families are represented by two to four species while 15 families by single species in each. The genera viz. Desmodium, Ludwigia and Solanum, are represented by four species in each followed by Amaranthus, Ipomoea, Lindernia, Persicaria and Senna three species in each; however, most of the genera are represented by one or two species in each. Three distinct phenology (flowering periods) viz. October-March (52), April-September (40) and all the year-round (15), were observed among identified weed species and the knowledge on phonological development would be helpful to know soil seedbank potential for their effective management. These weed species possess many ethno-botanical uses e.g., medicinal value, consumed as vegetable, feed, fodder, etc. This study provides information on ethno-botanic uses, taxonomic diversities and phenology of the broad-leaf weeds for their effective management.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 526–538, 2019
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Tkachenko, K. G. "PECULIARITIES OF THE LATENT PERIOD IN SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS Mammillaria Haw. (Cactaceae) CULTIVATED IN THE PETER THE GREAT BOTANICAL GARDEN." VAVILOVIA 2, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2019-1-49-56.
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Different species of the Cactaceae family have always been popular as collectible plants. Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute holds a representative collection of species from this genus. Of the 185 names adopted according to The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org), there are currently about 160 species in the collection of the Garden, plus almost 30 intraspecific taxa. For species that reproduce only by seeds, it is important to study the features of their latent period and evaluate their quality (35 species, 87 accessions). The collection of cacti and succulents of the Peter the Great Botanical garden contains a large number of genera and species as well as forms and varieties from this family. Despite the fact that at present some taxa are united, however, specific grown plants produce seeds of different quality. The results of studying fruits and seeds in a number of species of the genus Mammillaria maintained at Peter the Great Botanical Garden of the Komarov Botanical Institute are presented. The number of seeds in the fruit, the weight of 1000 seeds, and laboratory germination of seeds with different shelf life under laboratory conditions were measured. Seeds were germinated using a standard technique — in Petri dishes on filter paper, without the use of stimulants. It is shown that germination of freshly harvested seeds is slow and stretched in time. Their germination rate does not reach significant performance. The highest germination rate is observed in many species of the genus Mammillaria after 2–3 years of storage. After 5–7 years of storage, the seeds should not be used for exchange between botanical gardens. But anyway, some species (M. flavescens (DC.) DC., M. prolifera subsp. haitiensis (K. Schum.) D. R. Hunt, M. rhodantha Link et Otto) of this genus remain viable for a long time (up to 10 years, as for example, M. mammillaris (L.) Hikers. [=M. simplex Haw.]). At the seed laboratory of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden, the seed storage period for species of the genus Mammillaria suitable for interbotanical exchange is set at a maximum of 7 years, for them to be listed in Index Seminum (or Delectus). Older seeds are used to replenish the carpological collection of the Garden.
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Pavithra, Mundamoole, Kandikere R. Sridhar, and Ammatanda A. Greeshma. "Macrofungi in two botanical gardens in southwestern India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2017): 9962. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2747.9.3.9962-9970.
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This study reports 11 species of macrofungi in the botanical garden and arboretum of Mangalore University. Frequent species include Clathrus delicatus, Entoloma serrulatum and Tetrapyrgos nigripes in the botanical garden, and Collybia aurea and T. nigripes in the arboretum. Five species are edible (Collybia aurea, Lepista sp., Russula adusta, R. atropurpurea and Termitomyces microcarpus), one is medicinal (T. microcarpus) and two are ectomycorrhizal (Russula adusta and R. atropurpurea) with critically endangered endemic tree species Vateria indica (Dipterocarpaceae). Some macrofungi grow on bark, woody litter and leaf litter, while others were found on typical lateritic soils with organic matter. Termitomyces microcarpus was common in the faecal pellets of termites in the botanical garden. Brief descriptions of species based on field and laboratory observations, along with their substrates and distribution, are given.
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Gagarina, L. V. "Gyalecta liguriensis (Gyalectaceae), a new species to Russia." Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii 45 (2011): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2011.45.146.
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Senapati, Sunil Kumar, Subhashree Aparajita, and Gyana Ranjan Rout. "Identifi cation of Species-Diagnostic Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Markers for Ten Phyllanthus Species." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2011): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-3-411.
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Phyllanthus has been widely used in traditional medicine as an antipyretic, a diuretic, and to treat liver diseases and viral infections. Correct genotype identification of medicinal plant material remains important for the botanical drug industry. Limitations of chemical and morphological approaches for authentication have generated the need for newer methods in quality control of botanicals. In the present study, attempts were made to identify species- diagnostic markers for ten Phyllanthus species using the inter simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) fingerprinting method. PCR amplification using seven ISSR primers resulted in significant polymorphism among the populations from different species. P. angustifolius and P. urinaria showed monomorphic frequency of maximum (63.88%) and minimum (20.64%), respectively. Seventeen species-diagnostic markers were identified for seven species (P. acidus, P. emblica, P. fraternus, P. urinaria, P. rotundifolius, P. amarus, and P. angustifolius) while no marker was detected for P. reticulatus, P. nivosus, and P. virgulatus. A maximum of six species-diagnostic markers were identified for P. acidus and a minimum of only one of 755 bp was available for P. amarus. Among the seventeen markers, nine were present in all individuals of particular species. The speciesspecific differences in fragment numbers and sizes could be used as diagnostic markers to distinguish the Phyllanthus species quickly
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Cysneiros, Vinícius Costa, Maria Verônica Leite Pereira-Moura, Eduardo De Paiva Paula, and Denise Monte Braz. "Arboreal Eudicotyledons, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.1.
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The Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro) Botanical Garden (JB/UFRRJ) has a green area occupied mostly by sparsely planted arboreal species, in addition to a small area of regenerating forest and plantations. In consideration of the Brazilian federal rules for botanical gardens, the collection of the Arboretum was studied systematically: collection of complete samples, herborization and identification of the species by accepted botanical methods. The occurrence of native species from different Brazilian phytogeographic domains and common names were verified. A total of 125 species of arboreal Eudicotyledons, belonging to 30 families were registered, of which Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae and Anacardiaceae were the richest ones. Species in danger of extinction and others with biological, ecological or economic value are represented, demonstrating the importance of the area to flora conservation.
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Uji, Tahan, Sunaryo Sunaryo, and Erlin Rachman. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BENALU PARASIT PADA TANAMAN KOLEKSI DI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA, BALI." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.13.1.20071.
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Benalu is one of the parasitic plants which have ataccked many collection plants species in Eka Karya Botanical Garden, Bali. Exploration and collection of these parasitic plants in this area are conducted. Four parasitic plants species, i.e. Dendrophthoe pentandra, Helixanthera cylindrica, Scurrula atropurpurea, and S. parasitica are recorded and they attack 32 collection plants species in Eka Karya Botanical Garden. Dendrophthoe pentandra is reported as the highest population species to parasiting collection plants species. While the Myrtaceae family and Syzygium genera are also reported as the highest parasited species.
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Lauzer, Denis, and Claire Laberge. "Establishment of a Collection of Rosa Species through in Vitro Embryo Culture." HortScience 31, no. 3 (June 1996): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.3.458.
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To update and complete a collection of wild roses in the Montreal Botanical Garden, Canada, in vitro embryo culture was used to propagate several Rosa species that are only available as seeds and difficult to germinate conventionally. Using embryo culture, it was possible to overcome seed dormancy and to rapidly increase the number of species in the collection, and this from a very limited number of seeds obtained from botanical institutions located around the world.
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Chambers, Lynda E., and Marie R. Keatley. "Phenology and climate - early Australian botanical records." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 6 (2010): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10105.
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Historical information from the Hobart Botanical Gardens (1864–1885) was used to identify species and phenological phases that were responsive to climatic variations and have the potential to be used as climate change indicators in southern Australia. Of the 49 species considered, 26 (53%) had at least one phenophase that appeared to be driven by changes in rainfall, minimum temperature, or both. This was particularly true for fruiting species, including currants, pears and plums, and for the phenophases harvest commencement, seed ripening or fall, and fruit ripening.
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Lisnichuk, A. M., and N. B. Hutsalo. "СТРУКТУРА РОСЛИННИХ ЕКСПОЗИЦІЙ КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКОГО БОТАНІЧНОГО САДУ." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 80, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.20.3-4.3.
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The findings of the systematic analysis of Kremenets Botanical Garden displays are given. For the purpose of maintaining, optimizing and arranging plant compositions, the ecological and biomorphological features of species have been clarified.
The flora of botanical expositions includes 272 species of 3 divisions, 5 classes, 66 families, 138 genera. The systematic analysis demonstrated a numerous representation of the Magnoliophyta division by the number of families (56, 84.9 %), genera (120, 87.6 %) and species (205, 75.4 %), of which Magnoliópsida contains 172 species (63.2 %), with Liliopsida containing 33 species (12.1 %). The Pinophyta division is represented by 6 families, 13 genera, and 62 species (22.8 %). The Polypodiophyta division has smaller numbers – 4 families, 4 genera, and 5 species (1.8 %). According to Ch. C. Raunkiær’s classification, decorative cultures are present in 5 life forms. The Phanerophytes play a significant role in the expositions’ design; their percentage is 48.1 % (131 species). According to the classification of I. G. Serebriakov in the structure of display there are 8 types, which are dominated by herbaceous plants (89 species, 32.7 %). According to ecological indicators, 5 types of ecomorphs have been identified: the heliomorph, the hygromorph, the thermomorph, the acidomorph, and the tropomorph. Among them heliophytes (165 species, 60.7 %), mesophytes (97 species, 35.7 %), microthermophytes (265 species, 97.4 %), subacidophiles (96 species, 35.3 %), and mesotrophs (230 species, 84.5 %) are dominant. It is established that the displays on the territory of the Botanical Garden are stable cultural phytocenoses (or close to that), which function in specific conditions. For the purpose of optimizing botanical expositions, it is advisable to expand the range of ornamental plants.
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Sari, Indah Fitri, Nuning Nurcahyani, M. Kanedi, and Tugiyono Tugiyono. "Bird Species Diversity in Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v7i1.5.
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The diversity of bird species can reflect the high biodiversity of an area. it means that birds can be used as a bio-indicator of environmental quality. Determining the quality and level ofenvironmental damage can be seen from the diversity of bird species in the region. Environmental quality will be better if the diversity of bird species in the region is diverse.Birds have an important role in protecting the ecosystem in the Liwa Botanical Garden. The presence of birds in the Liwa Botanical Garden has not been well identified. Therefore thisresearch needs to be done. This research was conducted on 12 October 2019 to 20 October 2019 in the Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung. Data collection of bird species isconducted in the morning at 06.30.00-08.30 West Indonesia Time and afternoon at 16.30-18.00 West Indonesia Time, with a combination of the count point and the transect method then all encounters with birds are recorded and identified directly at the study site. After the birds are identified, data is processed to find out Shannon's level index and diversity index. The species diversity index uses the Shannon and Weiner formula. The level of diversity is determined based on the species diversity index. The results showed that there were 15 bird species with a total of 466 individuals with a moderate diversity index and an evenness index indicating a distressed community.
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Prior, Ronald L., and Guohua Cao. "Analysis of Botanicals and Dietary Supplements for Antioxidant Capacity: A Review." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.4.950.
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Abstract Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for standardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu++) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals. Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements. Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes.
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Csilléry, G. "Pepper taxonomy and the botanical description of the species." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 54, no. 2 (June 2006): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.54.2006.2.5.
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Sharifani, M., K. Hemmati, S. Hassani, and E. Fallahi. "EVALUATION OF USEFUL BOTANICAL TRAITS FOR IRANIAN PYRUS SPECIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 769 (June 2008): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.769.24.
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KUSANO, Genjiro, Makio SHIBANO, Hitoshi WATANABE, and Kazuo OZAKI. "Pharmaceutical Botanical Studies on Some Glycyrrhiza Species." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 123, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.123.619.
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Ma, C., N. Sarma, and GI Giancaspro. "Differentiation for closely related botanical species by pharmacopeial monographs." Planta Medica 81, S 01 (December 14, 2016): S1—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597005.
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Onen, Christine, and Hannington Oryem-Origa. "Ethno-Botanical Uses of Ugandan edible wild fruit species." Environment, Earth and Ecology 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24051/eee/80760.
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Pechenitsyn, Vladimir P., Mirabdulla D. Turgunov, Natalya Yu Beshko, and Davlatali A. Abdullaev. "Rare species of Tulipa (Liliaceae) from Tashkent Botanical Garden." Acta Biologica Sibirica 6 (October 22, 2020): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e55940.
Full textAbstract:
Biomorphological features of 14 rare Tulipa species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Tulipa affinis, T. carinata, T. ferganica, T. fosteriana, T. greigii, T. ingens, T. kaufmanniana, T. korolkowii, T. lanata, T. micheliana, T. scharipovii, T. tubergeniana, T. uzbekistanica and T. vvedenskyi) were studied under ex situ conditions in the Tashkent Botanical Garden. It has been found, that all studied species successfully grow and bear fruits ex situ. All 14 species are able to autogamy; even solitary generative specimens regularly produce seeds. This feature significantly facilitates the further breeding of rare species of tulips. Considering the heterospermy and irregular quality of seedlings, the most rapidly developing individuals should be selected for cultivation and reintroduction.
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Wesselink, Monique, and Irene Kuiper. "Species identification of botanical trace evidence using molecular markers." Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 1, no. 1 (August 2008): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.211.
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Cunha, Ana Raquel, Ana Luísa Soares, Miguel Brilhante, Pedro Arsénio, Teresa Vasconcelos, Dalila Espírito-Santo, Maria Cristina Duarte, and Maria Manuel Romeiras. "Natural and Historical Heritage of the Lisbon Botanical Gardens: An Integrative Approach with Tree Collections." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071367.
Full textAbstract:
Botanical gardens have long contributed to plant science and have played a leading role in ex situ conservation, namely of threatened tree species. Focusing on the three botanical gardens of Lisbon (i.e., Botanical Garden of Ajuda—JBA, Lisbon Botanical Garden—JBL, and Tropical Botanical Garden—JBT), this study aims to reveal their natural heritage and to understand the historical motivations for their creation. Our results showed that these gardens contain a total of 2551 tree specimens, corresponding to 462 taxa, within 80 plant families. Of these, 85 taxa are found in the three gardens, and more than half of the taxa are hosted in JBL (334 taxa), whereas 230 and 201 taxa were recorded in JBT and JBA, respectively. The motivations for the creation of each garden are reflected in the different geographic origins of the trees they host in their living collections. The Palearctic species are dominant in JBA and JBL, and Tropical trees prevail in JBT. With more than 250 years of history, these gardens hold an invaluable natural and historical heritage, with their living collections providing valuable sources of information for the conservation of threatened plant species, at local and global scales.