Relevant bibliographies by topics / Botanical Technique

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Botanical Technique'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Botanical Technique"

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Lu, Zhengfei, Christopher M. Thompson, Tiffany Chua, et al. "Single-Laboratory Validation of a Two-Tiered DNA Barcoding Method for Raw Botanical Identification." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 5 (2019): 1435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1435.

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Abstract Background: The applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding methods have been extended from authenticating taxonomic provenance of animal products to identifying botanicals used as herbal medicine and in botanical dietary supplements. DNA barcoding methods for botanical identification must be adequately validated to meet regulatory compliance. Objective: The goal of this study is to provide a validation protocol for a two-tiered DNA barcoding method that aims to identify raw botanicals. Methods: A barcode database was computationally validated to define the barcode combinations that can unambiguously identify botanicals in the database. A maximum variation sampling technique was used to capture a wide range of perspectives relating to DNA barcode-based botanical identification, including plant parts and species distance, for the experimental validation. Twenty-two authenticated botanicals were purposively sampled from different plant parts—covering both closely related and distantly related species—to validate the two-tiered DNA barcoding method. The performance of the method was assessed on accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and uncertainty. Results: High accuracy (100%) and precision (1.0) were obtained from the validation samples. The method was also found to be rugged and have acceptable uncertainty. Conclusions: The method was validated and suitable for DNA-based identification of botanical raw materials listed in the current database. Highlights: This work will provide support guidance for manufacturers and regulatory policy makers to implement equivalent validated and compliant DNA-based testing in quality control processes to improve botanical raw material identification and authentication.
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Gumerman, George, and Bruce S. Umemoto. "The Siphon Technique: An Addition to the Flotation Process." American Antiquity 52, no. 2 (1987): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281784.

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To enhance the recovery of dense, nonfloating botanical remains, we used a siphon subsequent to the normal flotation process. The siphon vacuums the heavy fraction of a flotation sample and retrieves most of the non-floating botanical material. Experiments show an improvement averaging 9.9% and 11.3% by count and weight, respectively, for the recovery of high-density botanical remains using the siphon technique.
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Sotiropoulou, Nefeli Sofia, Marinos Xagoraris, Panagiota Kyriaki Revelou, et al. "The Use of SPME-GC-MS IR and Raman Techniques for Botanical and Geographical Authentication and Detection of Adulteration of Honey." Foods 10, no. 7 (2021): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071671.

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The aim of this review is to describe the chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques applied to honey for the determination of botanical and geographical origin and detection of adulteration. Based on the volatile profile of honey and using Solid Phase microextraction-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) analytical technique, botanical and geographical characterization of honey can be successfully determined. In addition, the use of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, in particular, infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, are discussed as a tool for the detection of honey adulteration and verification of its botanical and geographical origin. Manipulation of the obtained data regarding all the above-mentioned techniques was performed using chemometric analysis. This article reviews the literature between 2007 and 2020.
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Yadnya, I. Putu Ardita, and I. Made Adikampana. "Respon Masyarakat Lokal terhadap Pengembangan Kebun Raya Gianyar sebagai Destinasi Pariwisata di Desa Kerta." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 7, no. 2 (2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2019.v07.i02.p26.

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 Gianyar Botanical Garden is one of the environmental conservation which will also be developed into a tourist destination in the village of Kerta. A tourist destination is a place that is owned, facilities, access and community related to him. The development of the Gianyar Botanical Garden as a tourist destination must have the authority, facilities, access and most importantly a positive response from the local community so that tourism in the Gianyar Botanical Garden can run well. Therefore, a research is needed to find out the community's response to the development of the Gianyar Botanical Garden as a tourism destination in Kerta Village.
 The method used techniques to analyze tourism product data in the Gianyar Botanical Garden and the local community response. Then used a method with descriptive statistical to analyze local community response data obtained through questionnaires. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. The informant determination technique uses purposive sampling. The technique of determining respondents uses the Slovin formula. To find out the local community response using the concept of local community response (Swastha and Handoko, 1997).
 The stages of developing the Gianyar Botanical Garden at the Involvement stage where tourism product development began to be carried out on attractions, facilities, access, marketing and planning. The response of the local community to the development of the Gianyar Botanical Garden as a tourism destination as a whole is very positive or Euphoria where local communities have welcomed the presence of tourism by giving them the trust and approval of community wishes fulfilled, information to local communities regarding the development of the Gianyar Botanical Garden and local communities participating voluntarily.
 Keywords : Local Community Response, Tourism Development.
 
 
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Sharma, Kishor, and Harender Raj. "Efficacy of botanical formulations and fungicides against Botryosphaeria dothidea, causing white rot in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (2017): 1434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1380.

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The present study was conducted to determine inhibitory effect of plant extracts, their botanical formula-tions (BF1 and BF2) and safer fungicides against Botryosphaeria dothidea cause white rot of apple (Malus × domes-tica) during storage. Poisoned food technique was performed to evaluate the efficacy of different plant extracts, their botanical formulations and safer fungicides. Out of twelve botanicals evaluated under in vitro conditions against the white rot pathogen, leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum was found most effective among all the treatments with 54.07 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth. Out of twelve plants evaluated for their efficacy, six effective plants Karu (Roylea elegans), Artemisia (Artemisia roxburghiana), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Bana (Vitex negundo), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and Darek (Melia azedarach) were selected for making two botanical formulations (BF1 and BF2). While, BF1 was water based formulation and BF2 was cow urine based formulation. Among these botanical formulations, BF2 inhibited mycelial growth of white rot pathogen by 72.70 per cent and BF1 66.37 per cent at 100 % concentration. Whereas, among the tested fungicides, Score at 100 ppm concentration was found to be most effective with 75.01 % average inhibition in mycelial growth of the white rot pathogen.
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Little, DL, and AB Frensham. "A rod-point technique for estimating botanical composition of pastures." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930871.

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A simplified point method, the rod-point technique, for determining pasture botanical composition was assessed against 3 other popular methods. It was over 100 times faster than the traditional cut and hand-separate technique for the same level of precision. The presence of bias in the rod-point technique was assessed by comparing its estimates with those obtained by the hand-separation method. The pasture was classified into 8 botanical components, and the rod-point technique was significantly different from the hand-separated method in 3 instances, but in each case so were the Levy-point and the dry-weight-rank methods or the dry-weight-rank method alone. The rodpoint technique is most useful in large grazing trials, on-farm pasture monitoring, and pasture surveys. It provides a simple alternative for estimating pasture composition, using low inputs of materials, time, and labour.
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Mandiriati, Herawikan, Djoko Marsono, Erny Poedjirahajoe, and Ronggo Sadono. "Community preference on scenario management of Baturraden Botanical Garden in Central Java." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 7, no. 1 (2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2018.vol7iss1pp59-68.

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Botanical garden as a preservation area has an important role supporting the plant conservation efforts. It is the best source of information to study about plant distribution and its habitat attributes. Botanical garden can also provide environmental education for the community. Indonesia has a big number of botanical gardens, one of them is Baturraden Botanical Garden, located in Central Java. It is the largest botanical garden in Java Island with its area reaches 143.5 hectares. Currently, Baturraden Botanical Garden management has a serious problem about the high dependence of community in its area. Therefore, it is important to formulate the scenario management that can integrate between the community desires and its direction management. This study aimed to identify the community preference on scenario management of Baturraden Botanical Garden. Data collection was conducted by the questionnaire method using accidental sampling technique. The number of respondents was about 109 people older than 15 years old. This criterion was decided with the assumption that the respondent who had the range of age, having good knowledge about the function of Baturraden Botanical Garden as preservation area. Data analysis was done using Analytical Hirarycal Process. This method was selected because it was capable to describe the normative preference by the number. The result showed that the community preference on scenario management of Baturraden Botanical Garden based on the scale of priority is ecotourism development (0.269); optimization of water resource (0.232); intensification of plant conservation (0.197); environmental education (0.189); and intensive research (0.175).
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Boekestein, Abraham, Anke C. M. Clerkx, Ruud Verkerke, Norbert Ammann, and Robert P. Baayen. "X-ray microanalysis of frozen plant cells and tissues." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132571.

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The determination of concentrations of relatively freely diffusable ions in localized compartments of botanical tissues has become an essential technique in plant physiology . In order to analyze approximately the in vivo elemental concentrations, the scanning electron microscope has been adapted to facilitate the observation of frozen-fractured botanical cross-sections, thus enabling electronprobe X-ray microanalysis of the exposed surface. Although the analysis technique seems to have come in its productive years, it still has a number of unsolved problems, which are both related to the preparation of frozen-hydrated specimens and to the analysis method itself.The most important problem in quantitative X-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated biological specimens, is the avoidance of ice crystallization artefacts. This phenomenon is rather critical in botanical tissue preparation because plant cells are relatively big and almost entirely occupied by a central vacuole. In this situation ice crystals can grow to large dimensions and disturb the originally homogeneous ion content.
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Fedotova, Olga, and Vladimir Latun. "Deconstructive approach in the presentation of botanical knowledge in educational materials for students." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 12020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127312020.

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The article discusses the latest trends in the field of presentation of natural science information for students, which have developed in the postmodern era. It is shown that botanical illustrations presented in postmodern alphabets do not reflect the morphological features of plants. When depicting plants, the author uses the technique of deconstructing images presented in ancient botanical atlases. Fragments of botanical illustrations are placed against the background of everyday scenes of the 19th century, including those of a fantasy nature. The structural components of the botanical educational book, its content and ironic author's comments are considered. The description of plants is pseudo-academic: the texts are surreal, they combine fiction and truth, fantasy and the specifics of the action. It is concluded that the irony of the comments does not contribute to the formation of the foundations of the natural science worldview.
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Gilmore, S., PH Weston, and JA Thomson. "A simple, rapid, inexpensive and widely applicable technique for purifying plant DNA." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 2 (1993): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930139.

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We describe and evaluate a quick and simple technique for purifying plant DNA from a wide range of taxa. The method utilises selective binding to diatomite in the presence of a chaotrope and allows simple, rapid and inexpensive preparation of DNA of length and purity adequate for restriction analysis of nuclear and chloroplast sites, cyclic DNA amplification and other studies. Coupled with recent developments in handling of field-collected plant samples and the development of non-radioactive nucleic acid labelling techniques, this purification protocol facilitates application of molecular systematic approaches in botanical institutions without access to specialised biochemical facilities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Botanical Technique"

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Morrison, Jesse Ira. "USING MICROHISTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES TO PREDICT BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF HORSE DIETS ON COOL-SEASON GRASS PASTURE." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/504.

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Microhistological analysis is a highly effective microscopic technique of determining botanical composition of animal diets by visual recognition of fecal plant fragments, and has been widely used in range studies. The objective of this study was to use microhistological techniques to predict the botanical composition of domesticated horse diets when grazing mixed cool-season pasture. Samples of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire], Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were evaluated for microscopically unique characteristics. Cool season pasture grazing studies were conducted in October 2006 and May 2007 in Lexington, KY. Eight thoroughbred mares were placed in individual paddocks of varying botanical compositions to graze for six days. For each percent increase of tall fescue or orchardgrass in the paddock, there was a corresponding increase of 0.44% and 0.42%, respectively, in the diet. In conclusion, microhistological analysis is a useful tool for determining botanical composition of horse diets when grazing cool season grass pastures.
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Ribeiro, Leandro do Prado. "Exploring genetic biodiversity: secondary metabolites from Neotropical Annonaceae as a potential source of new pesticides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-05052014-143830/.

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To investigate potential sources of novel grain protectors, this study evaluated, firstly, the bioactivity of ethanolic extracts (66) prepared from 29 species belonging to 11 different genera of Neotropical Annonaceae against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). A screening assay demonstrated that the most pronounced effects (acute and chronic) on S. zeamais were caused by extracts from the Annona montana, A. mucosa, A. muricata and A. sylvatica seeds, and, to a lesser extent, by extracts prepared from leaves of A. montana, A. mucosa, A. muricata, and Duguetia lanceolata. However, the most active extracts (from seeds) did not affect fungal growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus (Ascomycota: Trichocomaceae). Using the maize weevil as bioindicator, bioguided fractionations were then conducted in order to isolate, purify and characterize the possible active compound(s) from the most interesting extracts. By means of different chromatographic procedures, nine compounds (five acetogenins, three steroids, and one aromatic compound) were isolated. The acetogenins rolliniastatin-1 and ACG4 (structural determination in progress) and the aromatic compound 2,4,5- trimethoxystyrene as well as the steroids campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol [tested in mixture (8.44 + 12.37 + 79.19%, respectively)] showed promising grain protective properties. Furthermore, the obtained results indicate that compounds from different chemical natures have a synergistic effect on the overall biological activity of the crude extracts. In a second study, the acute and chronic toxicity of selected ethanolic seed extracts from Annona species (A. montana, A. mucosa, A. muricata, and A. sylvatica) and an acetogenin-based commercial bioinsecticide (Anosom® 1EC) were investigated against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In the laboratory, extracts of A. mucosa and A. sylvatica as well as Anosom® were especially active through oral and topical administration. A greenhouse trial showed that a formulated A. mucosa extract and Anosom® were highly effective (>98% mortality) against third instar of T. ni larvae, and comparable to a pyrethrin-based commercial insecticide (Insect Spray®) used as a positive control. Similar to results with T. ni, A. mucosa extract showed the greatest aphicidal either in laboratory or greenhouse bioassays. In a third study, the acaricidal activity [against the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)] of the ethanolic extract from A. mucosa seeds (most active) was investigated. In laboratory tests, it exhibited levels of activity superior to commercial acaricides/insecticides of natural origin [Anosom® 1EC (annonin), Derisom® 2EC (karanjin), and Azamax® 1.2EC (azadirachtin + 3- tigloylazadirachtol)] and similar to a synthetic acaricide [Envidor® 24 SC (spirodiclofen)]. Finally, the compatibility of A. mucosa seed extract with three entomopathogenic fungi species (Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae) was assessed. In overall, it was compatible with the three entomopathogenic fungi species when tested at recommended concentrations for target pest species control. Therefore, this study argues for the use of derivatives from Neotropical Annonaceae as a useful component in the framework of integrated pest management (IPM) programs.<br>Visando investigar potenciais fontes de novos protetores de grãos, este estudo avaliou, primeiramente, a bioatividade de extratos etanólicos (66) obtidos de 29 espécies pertencentes a 11 diferentes gêneros de anonáceas neotropicais sobre o gorgulho-do-milho Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). A triagem inicial demonstrou que os efeitos (agudos e crônicos) mais pronunciados sobre S. zeamais foram causados pelos extratos de sementes de Annona montana, de A. mucosa, de A. muricata e de A. sylvatica, seguidos pelos extratos de folhas de A. montana, de A. mucosa, de A. muricata e de Duguetia lanceolata. No entanto, os extratos mais ativos (sementes) não afetaram o crescimento vegetativo e a produção de aflatoxinas de um isolado de Aspergillus flavus (Ascomycota: Trichocomaceae). Fracionamentos biomonitorados foram então realizados a fim de isolar, purificar e caracterizar o(s) composto(s) ativo(s) majoritário(s) dos extratos mais promissores, utilizando-se, para isso, o gorgulho-do-milho como bioindicador. Por meio de diferentes procedimentos cromatográficos, foram isolados nove compostos: cinco acetogeninas, três esteroides e um composto aromático. As acetogeninas roliniastatina-1 e ACG4 (determinação estrutural em andamento), o composto aromático 2,4,5-trimetoxiestireno e os esteroides campesterol, estigmasterol e sitosterol [testados em mistura (8,44 + 12,37 + 79,19%, respectivamente)] mostraram promissoras propriedades protetoras de grãos. Em geral, os resultados obtidos indicaram que compostos de diferentes naturezas químicas têm efeito sinérgico sobre a atividade biológica dos extratos brutos. No segundo estudo, foi avaliada a toxicidade aguda e crônica dos extratos selecionados de sementes de Annona (A. montana, A. mucosa, A. muricata e A. sylvatica) e de um bioinseticida comercial à base de acetogeninas (Anosom® 1EC) sobre a lagarta-mede-palmo Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e sobre o pulgão-verde Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Em laboratório, os extratos de A. mucosa e de A. sylvatica e o bioinseticida Anosom® foram especialmente ativos através da administração oral e tópica. Em casa de vegetação, um extrato formulado de A. mucosa e Anosom® foram altamente eficazes contra larvas de terceiro ínstar de T. ni, com eficácia comparável ao de um inseticida comercial à base de piretrinas (Insect Spray®) utilizado como controle positivo. Similar aos resultados com T. ni, o extrato de A. mucosa apresentou a maior atividade aficida, tanto em bioensaios em laboratório quanto em casa de vegetação. No terceiro estudo, a atividade acaricida [sobre o ácaro-purpúreo-dos-citros Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)] do extrato de sementes de A. mucosa (mais ativo) foi avaliada em bioensaios laboratoriais. O extrato de A. mucosa apresentou eficácia superior aos acaricidas/inseticidas comerciais de origem natural [Anosom® 1EC (anonina), Derisom® 2EC (karanjina) e Azamax® 1.2EC (azadiractina + 3-tigloilazadiractol)] e similar a um acaricida sintético [Envidor® 24SC (espirodiclofeno)]. Finalmente, foi avaliada a compatibilidade do extrato de sementes de A. mucosa com três espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos (Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea e Metarhizium anisopliae). De modo geral, o extrato de A. mucosa foi compatível com as três espécies quando testado nas concentrações preconizadas para o controle das espécies-praga alvo. Assim, este estudo fornece importantes subsídios para o uso de derivados de anonáceas neotropicais como um componente útil para os programas de manejo integrado de pragas (MIP).
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Chapman, Gaye, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Contemporary Arts. "Decompose : decay + weeds = beauty : research into the visual art/painting implications of botanical biodegradation of weeds as an expression of I. The subjective, expansive and ephemeral nature of art, artist and materials. II. An incarnation of the nature of time and sublime beauty that articulates and expands perceptions of art, artist and materials as text + paintings." 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/29745.

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“In the decomposition of organic/botanic materiality, decayed and decaying exotic weeds are printed and imprinted on the host vessel: The surviving trace becomes a code - a sign - a semiotic map = disjecta membra: being there ... then destroyed... but still remaining.” THE BODY OF VISUAL AND WRITTEN RESEARCH, 'DECOMPOSE', is a cross-disciplinary interrogation, interpreting overlapping meanings in the Botanical Biodegradation of Weeds through Visual Art/Science practices and processes expressed as Text +Paintings. DECOMPOSE validates the Act of Art, Botanical Biodegradation of Weeds, as both: I. An expression of the Subjective, Expansive and Ephemeral nature of Art, Artist and Materials and II. An incarnation of the nature of Time and Sublime Beauty, that articulates, and expands perceptions of Art, Artist and Materials as Text + Paintings. The 'equation': DECAY + WEEDS = BEAUTY expands to encompass key elements in the DECOMPOSE body of research: BOTANICAL BIODEGRADATION + AUSTRALIAN EXOTIC, FERAL and NOXIOUS WEED SPECIES + ARTIST + MATERIALS + ART + SCIENCE + TIME = DECAY-PAINTINGS = RESEARCH = SUBLIME BEAUTY Argued by quantitative and qualitative example, DECOMPOSE is at once: I. Subjective: a conceptual and translative process expressed through the personal vision of the artist. II. Expansive: an interrogation of a single process, at once finite and infinite in meanings and extractions. III. Ephemeral: investigations and results signifying the specific and universal decay of all things.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Dridi, Asma. "Chemical composition and bioactivity of different botanical parts of Aesculus hippocastanum L. fruits." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/19832.

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Dupla diplomação Université Libre de Tunis<br>Since ancient times, natural products, especially those originated from plants have been an important source of therapeutic agents. Currently, several drugs are derived from natural products (plants, animals, bacteria and fungi). Although the focus the synthetic chemistry advances, research on natural pharmaceutical uses has been knowing an important increase in number. In addition, recent data from the pharmaceutical industry show that, for some complex diseases, natural products still represent an extremely valuable source for prospecting new chemical formulations, as they represent unique structures refined by evolutionary mechanisms throughout millions of years. The importance and contribution of natural substances in medicine treatments is especially evident in some Asian and African countries, where 80% of the population depends on traditional medicine, including herbal treatments like in our case of study the Aesculus hippocastanum L. A. hippocastanum (also known as horse chestnut fruits) is an important source of bioactive natural molecules. The biological activity of A. hippocastanum is mainly provided by its secondary metabolites, a class of molecules especially involved in the plant defence system against different threats. Thus, these secondary metabolites play an important role in the adaptation of plants to the environment, effectively participating in their tolerance to various stress factors (pathogen attacks, drought, UV light, among others). The evaluation of the therapeutic value of these metabolites is the subject of many researches, leading to the identification of the main bioactive compounds in this plant. Saponins (triterpenes or steroid glycosides) and phenolic compounds are among the main classes of secondary metabolites. These compounds are of great interest because of their wide range of biological activities, having already been increasingly applied in pharmaceutical related formulation. In order to achieve effective valorisation strategies for these bioactive compounds, it is necessary to optimize separation processes to obtain them from natural sources. In addition to the former extraction procedure, obtaining bioactive compounds also requires other techniques (sometimes slow and expensive) such as purification and identification, which might be a limitation for their industrial application. Accordingly, it is mandatory to develop analytical techniques to improve the extraction process, and achieve rapid separation, miniaturization and coupling methodologies, continuously performed following green chemistry principles. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the antioxidant potential (free radical scavenging effect, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation), antimicrobial (antibacterial using Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and antifungal activity) and the absence of toxicity (porcine liver primary cells) of the ethanol/methanol extracts, obtained from the previously mentioned plant and to contribute with updated information on natural sources of bioactive compounds, thorough chemical characterization and possible applications. The extract of A. hippocastanum fruit presented antioxidant activity, without toxicity up to the maximal tested dose and contained different classes of various bioactive molecules, besides carbohydrates lipids, proteins, and minerals. Overall, the information collected from the different analyses realized on the extract samples reveal their potential use in developing new forms of biopharmaceuticals or could be replacing other chemical substances in cosmetic products without interfering with the product composition or affecting its characteristics.<br>Desde tempos ancestrais, os produtos naturais, especialmente aqueles originários de plantas, têm sido uma importante fonte de agentes terapêuticos. Atualmente, vários medicamentos são derivados de produtos naturais (plantas, animais, bactérias e fungos). Apesar da focalização na química sintética, a pesquisa sobre as aplicações de farmacêuticos naturais tem conhecido um aumento importante. Além disso, dados recentes da indústria farmacêutica mostram que, para algumas doenças complexas, os produtos naturais ainda representam uma fonte extremamente valiosa para a prospeção de novas formulações químicas, pois representam estruturas únicas refinadas por mecanismos evolutivos ao longo de milhões de anos. A importância e contribuição de substâncias naturais nos tratamentos medicamentosos é especialmente evidente em alguns países asiáticos e africanos, onde 80% da população depende da medicina tradicional, incluindo tratamentos à base de plantas, como no nosso caso de estudo, o Aesculus hippocastanum L. O A. hippocastanum (também conhecido como castanha-da-Índia) é uma fonte importante de moléculas naturais bioativas. A atividade biológica de A. hippocastanum é fornecida principalmente pelos seus metabolitos secundários, uma classe de moléculas especialmente envolvidas no sistema de defesa das plantas contra diferentes ameaças. Assim, estes metabolitos secundários desempenham um papel importante na adaptação das plantas ao meio ambiente, participando efetivamente na sua tolerância a diversos fatores de stress (ataques de patógenos, secas, luz UV, entre outros). A avaliação do valor terapêutico desses metabolitos é objeto de muitas pesquisas, levando à identificação dos principais compostos bioativos desta planta. As saponinas (triterpenos ou esteróides glicosilados) e os compostos fenólicos estão entre as principais classes de metabolitos secundários. Estes compostos são de grande interesse devido à sua ampla gama de atividades biológicas, tendo sido cada vez mais aplicados em formulações relacionadas com produtos farmacêuticos Para alcançar estratégias eficazes de valorização destes compostos bioativos, é necessário otimizar o processo de separação desses compostos das suas fontes naturais. Além do procedimento de extração anterior, a obtenção destes compostos também requer outras técnicas (às vezes lentas e caras), como purificação e identificação, que podem ser uma limitação para sua aplicação industrial. Portanto, é obrigatório o desenvolvimento de técnicas analíticas para melhorar o processo de extração e alcançar metodologias rápidas de separação, miniaturização e acoplamento, realizadas continuamente seguindo os princípios da química verde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar o potencial antioxidante (efeito de eliminação de radicais livres, poder redutor e inibição da peroxidação lipídica), antimicrobiano (antibacteriano usando estirpes Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas e atividade antifúngica) e a ausência de toxicidade (fígado suíno células primárias) dos extratos etanol/metanol, obtidos da planta mencionada anteriormente e contribuir com informações atualizadas sobre fontes naturais de compostos bioativos, caracterização química completa e possíveis aplicações. No presente caso, o extrato de A. hippocastanum apresentou atividade antioxidante, sem toxicidade até a dose máxima testada e apresentando diferentes classes de várias moléculas bioativas, além de hidratos de carbono, lípidos, proteínas e sais minerais. No geral, as informações recolhidas das diferentes análises realizadas nas amostras de extrato revelam potencial no desenvolvimento de novas formas de produtos biofarmacêuticos como alternativas a outras substâncias químicas em produtos cosméticos sem interferir na composição do produto ou afetar suas características.<br>This work was funded by programme FEDER-INterreg Spain-Portugal through Project 0377_Iberphenol_6_E.
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Kao, Ning-Jo, and 高寧若. "Using proteomic techniques to investigate the action mechanisms of botanic hormone on osteoblasts." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64004736355055799630.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>94<br>Osteoporosis, characterized by the loss of bone mass and strength leading to fragility fractures, has probably existed throughout human history but only recently became a major clinical problem as human lifespan increased. Osteoporosis can be divided into two types: One is common by estrogen deficiency of menopausal women whereas another type is found in people with severe calcium absorption insufficiency by increases with the age. Multiple pathological mechanisms have been demonstrated to induce bone density reduction causing the degradation of skeleton. Theses factors have increased risks of act and the incidence of patient's fragility fracture of osteoporosis. Studies have shown that “Hormone replacement therapy” application on menopausal women with osteoporosis may enhance the risk of developing breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers. Therefore, alternatives to hormonal therapies with similar effect of estrogen were developed such as phytoestrogen having similar chemical structure to mammalian estrogen to prevent the complications induced by estrogen. However, the action mechanisms of these phytoestrogens are not fully clear. Therefore, in this study we will attempt to explore and compare the action mechanisms of estrogen and phytoestrogens on osteoblast-like cells, MG63, by using proteomic approaches including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry identification and protein microarray techniques to identified different expression of intra cellar proteins and secreted cytokines induced by estrogen or phytoestroens on MG-63 cell line, respectively. Our results showed that: intracellular proteins within the MG63 cells did reveal the difference among the testing compounds. However, the insufficient amount of protein causes the difficulty for identification by mass spectrometry. Another important finding is that MG63 cells secreted different cytokins and growth factors treated with different compounds, demonstrating the autocrine and/or paracrine functions of these soluble mediators may play important roles during osteogenesis. Further studies need to be performed to elucidate their roles on preventing osteoporosis in vivo. Key words : MG63 osteoblast-like cellsestrogen、phytoestrogen 、proteomics、
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Otun, Oluwatobi Sarah. "The effect of processing techniques on the microbiological and nutritional qualities of the leafy vegetables Vigna unguiculata and Moringa oleifera grown in South Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19744.

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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) are nutritious and medicinal vegetables, but could also harbor harmful microbial contaminants. The main aim of the project was to determine the effect of each processing techniques on the microbiology, proximate nutrients and shelf life of these vegetables to produce nutritious, tasty, safe and long lasting vegetable products. The processing techniques used were: washing, blanching, and drying. Leaf samples were collected at each stage of processing and were analysed for total viable count, coliform count, yeast and mould count and nutritional content. Microbial plate analysis showed the presence, particularly on cowpea leaves, of yeasts and bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococci, Streptococci, and enterobacter including enteropathogens such as Salmonella spp., Shigella dysenteriae and E coli. The presence of E.coli on the leaves was also confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA analysis. The most effective processing technique which reduced microbial load to below SABS standards while retaining nutritional quality was the washing of the leaves twice with tap water followed by steam tunnel blanching at 94oC for 12 minutes. Oven drying the leaves at 60oC gave satisfactory and extended shelf life results. Proximate analysis comparison of the two leaf types showed that on average moringa leaves contained more ash (2.37 vs 1.1 g), protein (6,9 vs 3,6 g), fat (0,41 vs 0.2 g) and energy (305,1 vs 70KJ) but less dietary fibre (0,9 vs 7,5 g) than cowpea leaves. No significant differences were noted in these values following washing and steam blanching. These results indicate that washing of these leaves is effective as to reducing microbial load and maintaining proximate values in the short term (up to 4 days) but that oven drying is effective for longer-term storage.<br>Life and Consumer Sciences<br>M. Sc. (Life Sciences)
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Books on the topic "Botanical Technique"

1

Wunderlich, Eleanor B. Botanical illustration: Watercolour technique. Studio Vista, 1991.

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Wunderlich, Eleanor B. Botanical illustration in watercolor. Watson-Guptill Publications, 1991.

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Stevens, Margaret. The botanical palette: Color for the botanical painter. Collins, 2007.

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Inc, Barron's Educational Series, ed. Botanical portraits with colored pencils. Barron's Educational Series, 2010.

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Sherlock, Siriol. Botanical illustration: Painting with watercolours. Batsford, 2004.

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Dalby-Quenet, Gretel. Illustrating in black and white. Chelsea Physic Garden Florilegium Society, 2000.

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Martin, Rosie. Botanical illustration course: With the Eden Project. Batsford, 2008.

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Ravet-Haevermans, Agathe. The art of botanical drawing: An introductory guide. Timber Press, 2009.

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Hollender, Wendy. Botanical drawing in color: A basic guide to mastering realistic form and naturalistic color. Watson-Guptill Publications, 2010.

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Botanical drawing in color: A beginner's guide to mastering realistic form and naturalistic color. Watson-Guptill Publications, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Botanical Technique"

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Eyletters, M., P. Tourliere, C. Bitaud, et al. "Identification of Fe And Mn Deficiencies by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Technique." In Progress in Botanical Research. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5274-7_67.

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Schichnes, Denise, Jeffrey A. Nemson, and Steven E. Ruzin. "Microwave Paraffin Techniques for Botanical Tissues." In Springer Protocols Handbooks. Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-128-2_15.

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Dhanya, K. C., and Aditya Menon. "3 Dimensional Cell Culture Techniques in Cancer Research." In Pharmacotherapeutic Botanicals for Cancer Chemoprevention. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5999-0_11.

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Boniglia, Concetta, Brunella Carratù, Raffaella Gargiulo, and Emanuela Bortolin. "Detection of Irradiated Herbal Ingredients of Plant Food Supplements by Thermoluminescence Technique." In Food Supplements Containing Botanicals: Benefits, Side Effects and Regulatory Aspects. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62229-3_13.

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Hall, Karen C., and April T. Sawey. "Cultivation of Local Botanical Knowledge or Knowledge of Nature Using Interdisciplinary, Innovative, and Mind/Brain-Based Techniques." In Innovative Strategies for Teaching in the Plant Sciences. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0422-8_7.

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Ghashghaie, Jaleh, and Guillaume Tcherkez. "Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Technique to Follow Plant Metabolism." In Advances in Botanical Research. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397922-3.00008-3.

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Richard, Tristan, Hamza Temsamani, Emma Cantos-Villar, and Jean-Pierre Monti. "Application of LC–MS and LC–NMR Techniques for Secondary Metabolite Identification." In Advances in Botanical Research. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397922-3.00002-2.

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"Botanical and Agricultural Aspects: Agronomic Techniques and Orchard Management." In Agricultural and Food Biotechnologies of Olea europaea and Stone Fruit, edited by Pietro Toscano, Nino Iannotta, and Stefano Scalercio. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608059935115010004.

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Geller, Stacie E., and Laura Studee. "The effects of hormone therapy and botanicals and dietary supplementson the endometrium." In Reproductive Medicine and Assisted Reproductive Techniques. Informa Healthcare, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780203091500.053.

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Sharma, Abhishek, Saurabh Dubey, and Nusrat Iqbal. "Microemulsion Formulation of Botanical Oils as an Efficient Tool to Provide Sustainable Agricultural Pest Management." In Nano- and Micro-Encapsulation - Techniques and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91788.

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Conference papers on the topic "Botanical Technique"

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Musaev, F. B., M. S. Antoshkina, N. N. Potrakhov, and A. V. Goncharov. "Application of instrumental methods for analysisof vegetable seed quality." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-161.

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The article presents the features of the application of instrumental methods for analyzing the quality of vegetable seeds. The technique of X-ray analysis of the quality of vegetable seeds, developed on the basis of studying 25 species belonging to 10 botanical families, is presented.
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Gafner, S., R. Upton, I. Khan, J. Cardellina, S. Foster, and M. Blumenthal. "Botanical Ingredient Adulteration – How Commonly Used Analytical Techniques Can Be Fooled." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608583.

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