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Journal articles on the topic 'Botho Strauss'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Lambrechts, Luc. "Botho Strauss." Documenta 6, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v6i4.10998.

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2

Van Schoor, Jaak. "Botho Strauss: beeld en taal." Documenta 11, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v11i3.10603.

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3

Jugan, Gérard. "Botho Strauss traduit en français." Coulisses, no. 10 (June 1, 1994): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/coulisses.3006.

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4

Anz, Thomas. "Modern, postmodern? Botho StrauSS' Paare, Passanten." German Quarterly 63, no. 3/4 (1990): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406722.

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5

Meech, Tony, and Carole-Anne Upton. "Botho Strauss on the British Stage." Studies in Theatre Production 16, no. 1 (January 1997): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575341.1997.10806960.

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6

Denka, Andrzej. "Vatersehnsucht. Botho Strauß erzählt sich seine Herkunft." Studia Germanica Posnaniensia, no. 37 (April 5, 2017): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sgp.2016.37.07.

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Botho Strauß (b. 1944), German playwright, novelist and essayist, devotes his book Herkunft [Origin] (2014) to a subtle portrait of his slightly underestimated father, who died in 1971. This sample of prose is typical of Strauss as it encompasses meditative descriptions, disquisitions, aphorisms and narrative fragments. This narration contains numerous biographical details about his father, as well as his mother and the writer himself, and it tells us a lot about his youth and cultural maturation. Strauss’ hometown, Bad Ems, provides a certain topographic point of reference here. This is a highly personal and emotional text which simultaneously exhibits all esthetic properties that characterize Strauss’ style. This text is also about the way different sensory stimuli incite our memory and how difficult it is to find a literary form adequate to reconstruct memory.
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7

Genton, François. "Le retour d'Ulysse [Goethe, Gerhart Hauptmann et Botho Strauss]." Gaia : revue interdisciplinaire sur la Grèce Archaïque 7, no. 1 (2003): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gaia.2003.1442.

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8

Pringels, Henk. "Hoe speelbaar is Botho Strauss in een Vlaamse context?" Documenta 11, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v11i3.10602.

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9

Furhoff, Irena E., and Andreas Englhart. "Im Labyrinth des unendlichen Textes. Botho Strauss' Theaterstucke 1972-1996." German Studies Review 25, no. 2 (May 2002): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1433074.

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10

Decreus, Freddy. "Botho Strauss of geef mij nieuwe ogen voor een nieuwe wereld." Documenta 11, no. 3 (April 10, 2019): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v11i3.10598.

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11

Jugan, Gérard. "A la recherche du désir perdu1 : Der Park de Botho Strauss." Coulisses, no. 10 (June 1, 1994): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/coulisses.3011.

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12

Wöbkemeier, Rita. "Der Schreibende Bogenschütze. Zu Botho Strauss, Kongress. Die Kette der Demütigungen." Poetica 25, no. 3-4 (August 14, 1993): 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890530-0250304010.

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13

Decreus, Freddy. "De reisgids van Botho Strauss. Deconstructivisme als remedie tegen vervreemding en waanzin." Documenta 4, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 191–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v4i4.10766.

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14

Barry, Thomas F., and Linda C. DeMeritt. "New Subjectivity and Prose Forms of Alienation. Peter Handke and Botho StrauSS." German Quarterly 62, no. 3 (1989): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406196.

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15

Barry, Thomas F., and Henriette Herwig. "Verwunschte Beziehungen, verwebte Bezuge. Zerfall und Verwandlung des Dialogs bei Botho StrauSS." German Quarterly 63, no. 3/4 (1990): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406795.

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16

Mayer, Sigrid, and Linda C. DeMeritt. "New Subjectivity and Prose Forms of Alienation: Peter Handke and Botho Strauss." German Studies Review 11, no. 3 (October 1988): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430547.

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17

Thuswaldner, Gregor, and Dorothee Fuss. ""Bedurfnis nach Heil:" Zu den asthetischen Projekten von Peter Handke und Botho Strauss." German Quarterly 75, no. 2 (2002): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3072672.

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18

Wilke, Sabine, Pia-Maria Funke, and Botho StrauSS. "Uber das Hohere in der Literatur: Ein Versuch zur Asthetik von Botho StrauSS." German Quarterly 72, no. 2 (1999): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/408392.

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19

Riemer, Willy, and Pia-Maria Funke. "Uber das Hohere in der Literatur: Ein Versuch zur Asthetik von Botho Strauss." German Studies Review 21, no. 3 (October 1998): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431294.

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20

Nordman, Alfred. "Blotting and the Line of Beauty: On Performances by Botho Strauss and Peter Handke." Modern Drama 39, no. 4 (December 1996): 680–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/md.39.4.680.

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21

Furhoff, Irena, and Steffen Damm. "Die Archaologie der Zeit. Geschichtsbegriff und Mythosrezeption in den jungeren Texten von Botho Strauss." German Studies Review 23, no. 2 (May 2000): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432730.

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22

Berka, Sigrid, Helga Kaussen, and Botho StrauSS. "Kunst ist nicht fur alle da: Zur Asthetik der Verweigerung im Werk von Botho StrauSS." German Quarterly 66, no. 2 (1993): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/407498.

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23

Rorrison, Hugh. "Reception of and critical response to Botho Strauss and Alan Ayckbourn in Britain and Germany." History of European Ideas 20, no. 1-3 (January 1995): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(95)92922-h.

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24

Spits, J. "Botho Strauss. Dichter der Gegen-Aufklarung. Von Michael Wiesberg. Dresden: Edition Antaios, 2002. 144 Seiten. 14,00." Monatshefte XCV, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/m.xcv.2.370.

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25

Decreus, Freddy. ""De tijd en de Kamer" van Botho Strauss. Een hallucinant verhaal over afgesplitste wezens, over onszelf dus." Documenta 8, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v8i1.11047.

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26

Bauer, Karin. "Gegenwartskritik und nostalgische Ruckgriffe: Die Abdankung der Frau als Objekt mannlichen Begehrens und die Erotisierung der Kindfrau in Botho StrauSS' Paare Passanten." German Quarterly 69, no. 2 (1996): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/408340.

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27

DeMeritt, Linda C., and Denis Calandra. "New German Dramatists: A Study of Peter Handke, Franz Xaver Kroetz, Rainer Werner fassbinder, Heiner Muller, Thomas Brasch, Thomas Bernhard and Botho Strauss." German Quarterly 59, no. 2 (1986): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/407453.

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28

Bedenk, J. "Schreibgebarden. Zur Poetik und Sprache bei Thomas Bernhard, Peter Handke und Botho Strauss. Von Christoph Kappes. Wurzburg: Konigshausen & Neumann, 2006. 251 Seiten. 29,80." Monatshefte 100, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mon.0.0031.

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29

Baudou, Estelle. "Ithaque de Botho Strauss au théâtre de Nanterre-Amandiers (janvier-février 2011). D’après les chants du retour de l’Odyssée. Mise en scène de Jean-Louis Martinelli." Anabases, no. 14 (October 1, 2011): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/anabases.2348.

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30

Siemerink, Marco A. J., Wouter Kuit, Ana M. López Contreras, Gerrit Eggink, John van der Oost, and Servé W. M. Kengen. "d-2,3-Butanediol Production Due to Heterologous Expression of an Acetoin Reductase in Clostridium acetobutylicum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 8 (February 18, 2011): 2582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01616-10.

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ABSTRACTAcetoin reductase (ACR) catalyzes the conversion of acetoin to 2,3-butanediol. Under certain conditions,Clostridium acetobutylicumATCC 824 (and strains derived from it) generates bothd- andl-stereoisomers of acetoin, but because of the absence of an ACR enzyme, it does not produce 2,3-butanediol. A gene encoding ACR fromClostridium beijerinckiiNCIMB 8052 was functionally expressed inC. acetobutylicumunder the control of two strong promoters, the constitutivethlpromoter and the late exponentialadcpromoter. Both ACR-overproducing strains were grown in batch cultures, during which 89 to 90% of the natively produced acetoin was converted to 20 to 22 mMd-2,3-butanediol. The addition of a racemic mixture of acetoin led to the production of bothd-2,3-butanediol andmeso-2,3-butanediol. A metabolic network that is in agreement with the experimental data is proposed. Native 2,3-butanediol production is a first step toward a potential homofermentative 2-butanol-producing strain ofC. acetobutylicum.
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31

Bedwell, Carol. "The Berlin Novels of Alfred Döblin: "Wadzek's Battle with the Steam Turbine," "Berlin Alexanderplatz," "Men without Mercy," and "November, 1918", and: Vision and Revision: The Concept of Inspiration in Thomas Mann's Fiction, and: New Subjectivity and Prose Forms of Alienation: Peter Handke and Botho Strauss (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 35, no. 4 (1989): 829–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.1518.

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32

Weitzman, Jonathan B. "Using both strands." Genome Biology 2 (2001): spotlight—20010226–01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-spotlight-20010226-01.

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33

MAURICIO, I. L., J. R. STOTHARD, and M. A. MILES. "Leishmania donovanicomplex: genotyping with the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and the mini-exon." Parasitology 128, no. 3 (March 2004): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003004578.

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Intergenic region typing by restriction analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mini-exon provide diagnostic markers for someLeishmania. Here, we evaluate restriction analysis of these targets for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis within theLeishmania donovanicomplex (agents of visceral leishmaniasis). Each method was useful for genotyping of bothL. donovanicomplex strains and Old WorldLeishmaniaspecies. The targets produced less robust groups than gp63 intergenic regions, but support the need for re-evaluation of the taxonomy of theL. donovanicomplex.
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34

Lo, Jonathan, Tianyong Zheng, Shuen Hon, Daniel G. Olson, and Lee R. Lynd. "The Bifunctional Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene,adhE, Is Necessary for Ethanol Production in Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 8 (February 9, 2015): 1386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02450-14.

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ABSTRACTThermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticumandClostridium thermocellumare anaerobic thermophilic bacteria being investigated for their ability to produce biofuels from plant biomass. The bifunctional alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene,adhE, is present in these bacteria and has been known to be important for ethanol formation in other anaerobic alcohol producers. This study explores the inactivation of theadhEgene inC. thermocellumandT. saccharolyticum. Deletion ofadhEreduced ethanol production by >95% in bothT. saccharolyticumandC. thermocellum, confirming thatadhEis necessary for ethanol formation in both organisms. In bothadhEdeletion strains, fermentation products shifted from ethanol to lactate production and resulted in lower cell density and longer time to reach maximal cell density. InT. saccharolyticum, theadhEdeletion strain lost >85% of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity did not appear to be affected, although ALDH activity was low in cell extracts. Adding ubiquinone-0 to the ALDH assay increased activity in theT. saccharolyticumparent strain but did not increase activity in theadhEdeletion strain, suggesting that ALDH activity was inhibited. InC. thermocellum, theadhEdeletion strain lost >90% of ALDH and ADH activity in cell extracts. TheC. thermocellumadhEdeletion strain contained a point mutation in the lactate dehydrogenase gene, which appears to deregulate its activation by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, leading to constitutive activation of lactate dehydrogenase.IMPORTANCEThermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticumandClostridium thermocellumare bacteria that have been investigated for their ability to produce biofuels from plant biomass. They have been engineered to produce higher yields of ethanol, yet questions remain about the enzymes responsible for ethanol formation in these bacteria. The genomes of these bacteria encode multiple predicted aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenases which could be responsible for alcohol formation. This study explores the inactivation ofadhE, a gene encoding a bifunctional alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Deletion ofadhEreduced ethanol production by >95% in bothT. saccharolyticumandC. thermocellum, confirming thatadhEis necessary for ethanol formation in both organisms. In strains withoutadhE, we note changes in biochemical activity, product formation, and growth.
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35

Labrador, Mariano, Fabien Mongelard, Piedad Plata-Rengifo, Ellen M. Baxter, Victor G. Corces, and Tatiana I. Gerasimova. "Protein encoding by both DNA strands." Nature 409, no. 6823 (February 2001): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35059000.

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36

Brentani, R. "Informational capacity of both DNA strands." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 1990): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(90)90297-o.

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37

Lenart, J., A. A. Andersen, and D. D. Rockey. "Growth and Development of Tetracycline-ResistantChlamydia suis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 2198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.8.2198-2203.2001.

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ABSTRACT Tetracycline (TET) is a front-line antibiotic for the treatment of chlamydial infections in both humans and animals, and the emergence of TET-resistant (Tetr) Chlamydia is of significant clinical importance. Recently, several Tetrchlamydial strains have been isolated from swine (Sus scrofa) raised in production facilities in Nebraska. Here, the intracellular development of two Tetr strains, R19 and R27, is characterized through the use of tissue culture and immunofluorescence. The strains grow in concentrations of up to 4 μg of TET/ml, while a TET-sensitive (Tets) swine strain (S45) and a strain of the human serovar L2 (LGV-434) grow in up to 0.1 μg of TET/ml. Although inclusions form in the presence of TET, many contain large aberrant reticulate bodies (RBs) that do not differentiate into infectious elementary bodies. The percentage of inclusions containing typical developmental forms decreases with increasing TET concentrations, and at 3 μg of TET/ml 100% of inclusions contain aberrant RBs. However, upon removal of TET the aberrant RBs revert to typical RBs, and a productive developmental cycle ensues. In addition, inclusions were found that contained bothC. suis R19 and Chlamydia trachomatis L2 after sequential infection, demonstrating that two biologically distinct chlamydial strains could both develop within a single inclusion.
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38

Novati, S., M. Sironi, S. Granata, A. Bruno, S. Gatti, M. Scaglia, and C. Bandi. "Direct sequencing of the PCR amplified SSU rRNA gene ofEntamoeba disparand the design of primers for rapid differentiation fromEntamoeba histolytica." Parasitology 112, no. 4 (April 1996): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000066592.

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SUMMARYSince 1993, strains ofEntamoeba histolytica sensn latohave been assigned to 2 species on the basis of clinical, biochemical, immunological and genetic evidence: the pathogenic strains toE. histolytica sensu stricto, the non-pathogenic strains toEntamoeba dispar. Analysis of the gene encoding for the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA) supports the existence of 2 species. However, while 3 whole SSU rDNA sequences are available in the data bases forE. histolytica, only a partial sequence has been published forE. dispar. Here we report a SSU rDNA sequence forE. dispar. Compared to those ofE. histolytica, this sequence shows 1·7 % nucleotide substitutions. On the basis of our rDNA data, 2 primers were designed to produce polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from bothE. histolytica and E. dispar. Primer specificity for the 2 amoebae was assessed both theoretically against the data bases, and experimentally against a collection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNAs. The amplified stretch encompasses a polymorphicDdeI restriction site which allows, after cleavage of the fragment,E. histolyticaandE. disparto be distinguished. The reliability of this method of identification was assessed comparing the results with those based on classic isoenzyme analysis.
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39

Degeest, Bart, Frederik Vaningelgem, Andrew P. Laws, and Luc De Vuyst. "UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine 4-Epimerase Activity Indicates the Presence of N-Acetylgalactosamine in Exopolysaccharides of Streptococcus thermophilus Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 3976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.3976-3984.2001.

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ABSTRACT The monomer composition of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced byStreptococcus thermophilus LY03 and S. thermophilus Sfi20 were evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography with amperometric detection and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both strains produced the same EPS composed of galactose, glucose, and N-acetylgalactosamine. Further, it was demonstrated that the activity of the precursor-producing enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase, converting UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, is responsible for the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine in the EPS repeating units of both strains. The activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase was higher in bothS. thermophilus strains than in a non-EPS-producing control strain. However, the level of this activity was not correlated with EPS yields, a result independent of the carbohydrate source applied in the fermentation process. On the other hand, both the amounts of EPS and the carbohydrate consumption rates were influenced by the type of carbohydrate source used during S. thermophilus Sfi20 fermentations. A correlation between activities of the enzymes α-phosphoglucomutase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and UDP-galactose 4-epimerase and EPS yields was seen. These experiments confirm earlier observed results for S. thermophilus LY03, although S. thermophilusSfi20 preferentially consumed glucose for EPS production instead of lactose in contrast to the former strain.
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40

Dong, Lifeng, Alex Henderson, and Christopher Field. "Antimicrobial Activity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Suspended in Different Surfactants." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/928924.

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We investigated the antibacterial activity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) dispersed in surfactant solutions of sodium cholate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Among the three surfactants, sodium cholate demonstrated the weakest antibacterial activity againstSalmonella enterica,Escherichia coli, andEnterococcus faeciumand thereby was used to disperse bundled SWCNTs in order to study nanotube antibiotic activity. SWCNTs exhibited antibacterial characteristics for bothS. entericaandE. coli. With the increase of nanotube concentrations from 0.3 mg/mL to 1.5 mg/mL, the growth curves had plateaus at lower absorbance values whereas the absorbance value was not obviously affected by the incubation ranging from 5 min to 2 h. Our findings indicate that carbon nanotubes could become an effective alternative to antibiotics in dealing with drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains because of the physical mode of bactericidal action that SWCNTs display.
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41

Wang, Peter L. "Creating Hybrid Genes by Homologous Recombination." Disease Markers 16, no. 1-2 (2000): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/596468.

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Recombination of homologous genes is a powerful mechanism for generating sequence diversity, and can be applied to protein analysis and directed evolution.In vitrorecombination methods such as DNA shuffling are very flexible and can give hybrid genes with multiple crossovers; they have been used extensively to evolve proteins with improved and novel properties.In vivorecombination in bothE. coliand yeast is greatly enhanced by double-strand breaks; forE. coli, mutant strains are often necessary to obtain high efficiency. Intra- and inter-molecular recombinationIn vivohave distinct features; both give hybrids with one or two crossovers, and have been used to study structure-function relationships of many proteins. Recentlyin vivorecombination has been used to generate diversity for directed evolution, creating a large phage display antibody library. Recombination methods will become increasingly useful in light of the explosion in genomic sequence data and potential for engineered proteins.
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42

Schmidt, Diane J., Gillian Beamer, Jacqueline M. Tremblay, Jennifer A. Steele, Hyeun Bum Kim, Yaunkai Wang, Michele Debatis, et al. "A Tetraspecific VHH-Based Neutralizing Antibody Modifies Disease Outcome in Three Animal Models of Clostridium difficile Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, no. 9 (July 13, 2016): 774–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00730-15.

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ABSTRACTClostridium difficileinfection (CDI), a leading cause of nosocomial infection, is a serious disease in North America, Europe, and Asia. CDI varies greatly from asymptomatic carriage to life-threatening diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and toxemia. The incidence of community-acquired infection has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent antibiotic-resistant strains. These new strains contribute to the frequent occurrence of disease relapse, complicating treatment, increasing hospital stays, and increasing morbidity and mortality among patients. Therefore, it is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches that bypass the development of antimicrobial resistance and avoid disruption of gut microflora. Here, we describe the construction of a single heteromultimeric VHH-based neutralizing agent (VNA) that targets the two primary virulence factors ofClostridium difficile, toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). Designated VNA2-Tcd, this agent has subnanomolar toxin neutralization potencies for bothC. difficiletoxins in cell assays. When given systemically by parenteral administration, VNA2-Tcd protected against CDI in gnotobiotic piglets and mice and to a lesser extent in hamsters. Protection from CDI was also observed in gnotobiotic piglets treated by gene therapy with an adenovirus that promoted the expression of VNA2-Tcd.
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43

Mazzoni, Cristina, Patrizia Mancini, Loredana Verdone, Frank Madeo, Agnese Serafini, Eva Herker, and Claudio Falcone. "A Truncated Form of KlLsm4p and the Absence of Factors Involved in mRNA Decapping Trigger Apoptosis in Yeast." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 2 (February 2003): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-05-0258.

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The LSM4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for an essential protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing and also in mRNA decapping, a crucial step for mRNA degradation. We previously demonstrated that the first 72 amino acids of the Kluyveromyces lactis Lsm4p (KlLsm4p), which contain the Sm-like domains, can restore cell viability in bothK. lactis and S. cerevisiae cells not expressing the endogenous protein. However, the absence of the carboxy-terminal region resulted in a remarkable loss of viability in stationary phase cells ( Mazzoni and Falcone, 2001 ). Herein, we demonstrate that S. cerevisiae cells expressing the truncated LSM4 protein of K. lactisshowed the phenotypic markers of yeast apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The study of deletion mutants revealed that apoptotic markers were clearly evident also in strains lacking genes involved in mRNA decapping, such as LSM1, DCP1, andDCP2, whereas a slight effect was observed in strains lacking the genes DHH1 and PAT1. This is the first time that a connection between mRNA stability and apoptosis is reported in yeast, pointing to mRNA decapping as the crucial step responsible of the observed apoptotic phenotypes.
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44

Kalb, Daniel, Thorsten Heinekamp, Gerald Lackner, Daniel H. Scharf, Hans-Martin Dahse, Axel A. Brakhage, and Dirk Hoffmeister. "Genetic Engineering Activates Biosynthesis of Aromatic Fumaric Acid Amides in the Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 5 (December 19, 2014): 1594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03268-14.

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ABSTRACTTheAspergillus fumigatusnonribosomal peptide synthetase FtpA is among the few of this species whose natural product has remained unknown. Both FtpA adenylation domains were characterizedin vitro. Fumaric acid was identified as preferred substrate of the first and bothl-tyrosine andl-phenylalanine as preferred substrates of the second adenylation domain. Genetically engineeredA. fumigatusstrains expressed eitherftpAor the regulator geneftpR, encoded in the same cluster of genes, under the control of the doxycycline-inducible tetracycline-induced transcriptional activation (tet-on) cassette. These strains produced fumaryl-l-tyrosine and fumaryl-l-phenylalanine which were identified by liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Modeling of the first adenylation domainin silicoprovided insight into the structural requirements to bind fumaric acid as peptide synthetase substrate. This work adds aromatic fumaric acid amides to the secondary metabolome of the important human pathogenA. fumigatuswhich was previously not known as a producer of these compounds.
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45

Argyros, D. Aaron, Shital A. Tripathi, Trisha F. Barrett, Stephen R. Rogers, Lawrence F. Feinberg, Daniel G. Olson, Justine M. Foden, et al. "High Ethanol Titers from Cellulose by Using Metabolically Engineered Thermophilic, Anaerobic Microbes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 23 (September 30, 2011): 8288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00646-11.

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ABSTRACTThis work describes novel genetic tools for use inClostridium thermocellumthat allow creation of unmarked mutations while using a replicating plasmid. The strategy employed counter-selections developed from the nativeC. thermocellum hptgene and theThermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum tdkgene and was used to delete the genes for both lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta). The ΔldhΔptamutant was evolved for 2,000 h, resulting in a stable strain with 40:1 ethanol selectivity and a 4.2-fold increase in ethanol yield over the wild-type strain. Ethanol production from cellulose was investigated with an engineered coculture of organic acid-deficient engineered strains of bothC. thermocellumandT. saccharolyticum. Fermentation of 92 g/liter Avicel by this coculture resulted in 38 g/liter ethanol, with acetic and lactic acids below detection limits, in 146 h. These results demonstrate that ethanol production by thermophilic, cellulolytic microbes is amenable to substantial improvement by metabolic engineering.
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46

Jurcisek, Joseph A., and Lauren O. Bakaletz. "Biofilms Formed by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae In Vivo Contain both Double-Stranded DNA and Type IV Pilin Protein." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 10 (February 23, 2007): 3868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01935-06.

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ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) strains are members of the normal human nasopharyngeal flora, as well as frequent opportunistic pathogens of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Recently, it has been shown that NTHI can form biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. NTHI strains within in vitro-formed biofilms differentially express both epitopes of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and the outer membrane proteins P2, P5, and P6, whereas those generated either in a 96-well plate assay in vitro or in a mammalian host have been shown to incorporate a specific glycoform of sialylated LOS within the biofilm matrix. While DNA has been identified as a key component of the biofilm matrix formed in vitro by several bacterial pathogens, here we demonstrate for the first time that in addition to sialylated LOS, the biofilm formed by NTHI in vivo contains both type IV pilin protein and a significant amount of double-stranded DNA. The DNA appeared to be arranged in a dense interlaced meshwork of fine strands as well as in individual thicker “ropes” that span water channels, suggesting that DNA could be imparting structural stability to the biofilm produced by NTHI in vivo. The presence of type IV pilin protein both appearing as small aggregates within the biofilm matrix and tracking along DNA strands supports our observations which showed that type IV pili are expressed by NTHI during experimental otitis media when these bacteria form a biofilm in the middle ear space.
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47

Plantinga, Theo S., Wendy W. C. van Maren, Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen, Marjolijn Hameetman, Stefan Nierkens, Cor Jacobs, Dirk J. de Jong, et al. "Differential Toll-Like Receptor Recognition and Induction of Cytokine Profile by Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus Strains of Probiotics." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 4 (February 2, 2011): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00498-10.

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ABSTRACTThe use of probiotics as a food supplement has gained tremendous interest in the last few years as beneficial effects were reported in gut homeostasis and nutrient absorption but also in immunocompromised patients, supporting protection from colonization or infection with pathogenic bacteria or fungi. As a treatment approach for inflammatory bowel diseases, a suitable probiotic strain would ideally be one with a low immunogenic potential. Insight into the immunogenicities and types of T-cell responses induced by potentially probiotic strains allows a more rational selection of a particular strain. In the present study, the bacterial strainsBifidobacterium breve(NumRes 204),Lactobacillus rhamnosus(NumRes1), andLactobacillus casei(DN-114 001) were compared concerning their capacity to induce inflammatory responses in terms of cytokine production by human and mouse primary immune cells. It was demonstrated that theB. brevestrain induced lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) than the testedL. rhamnosusandL. caseistrains. BothB. breveand lactobacilli induced cytokines in a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-dependent manner, while the lower inflammatory profile ofB. brevewas due to inhibitory effects of TLR2. No role for TLR4, NOD2, and C-type lectin receptors was apparent. In conclusion, TLR signaling is involved in the differentiation of inflammatory responses between probiotic strains used as food supplements.
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48

Burland, Valerie, Donna L. Daniels, Guy Plunkett, and Frederick R. Blattner. "Genome sequencing on both strands: the Janus strategy." Nucleic Acids Research 21, no. 15 (1993): 3385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.15.3385.

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49

Borodovsky, Mark, and James McIninch. "GENMARK: Parallel gene recognition for both DNA strands." Computers & Chemistry 17, no. 2 (June 1993): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8485(93)85004-v.

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50

Zhang, Chenchen, Yongping Xin, Yue Wang, Tingting Guo, Shiyi Lu, and Jian Kong. "Identification of a Novel Dye-Decolorizing Peroxidase, EfeB, Translocated by a Twin-Arginine Translocation System in Streptococcus thermophilus CGMCC 7.179." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 18 (June 19, 2015): 6108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01300-15.

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ABSTRACTStreptococcus thermophilusis a facultative anaerobic bacterium that has the ability to grow and survive in aerobic environments, but the mechanism for this remains unclear. In this study, theefeBgene, encoding a dye-decolorizing peroxidase, was identified in the genome ofStreptococcus thermophilusCGMCC 7.179, and purified EfeB was able to decolorize reactive blue 5. Strikingly, genes encoding two components (TatA and TatC) of the twin-arginine translocation (TAT) system were also found in the same operon with theefeBgene. Knocking outefeBortatCresulted in decreased growth of the strain under aerobic conditions, and complementation of theefeB-deficient strains with theefeBgene enhanced the biomass of the hosts only in the presence of thetatCgene. Moreover, it was proved for bothS. thermophilusCGMCC 7.179 andEscherichia coliDE3 that EfeB could be translocated by the TAT system ofS. thermophilus. In addition, the transcriptional levels ofefeBandtatCincreased when the strain was cultured under aerobic conditions. Overall, these results provide the first evidence that EfeB plays a role in protecting cells ofS. thermophilusfrom oxidative stress, with the assistance of the TAT system.
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