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Journal articles on the topic 'Botryodiplodia theobromae'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kalimutu, Putu Krisnawan, Ida Bagus Komang Mahardika, and Putri Risa Adriani Anak Agung Sagung. "Antagonism Test of Trichoderma atroviride and Gliocladium sp. Bali Local Isolates As a Disease Control of Blendok Disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) in Grapefruit (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck)." SEAS (Sustainable Environment Agricultural Science) 4, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/seas.4.2.2311.102-110.

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This study aims to determine the ability of Trichoderma atroviride and Gliocladium sp. in inhibiting the fungus that causes Gumosis disease Botryodiplodia theobromae. This study used a completely randomized design with two single treatments and was repeated eight times. In the in-vitro antagonism test Trichoderma atroviride and Gliolcadium sp. can inhibit the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae as well. The percentage of inhibition was 94.58% in the Trichoderma atroviride antagonism test and 81.67% in the Gliocladium sp. antagonism test. Whereas the Botryodiplodia theobromae Colony Area had no significant effect on both treatments. Each Botryodiplodia theobromae Colony area is 18.34 cm2 with T. atroviride treatments and 22.25 cm2 with Gliocladium sp. treatment. The growth rate of Botryodiplodia Theobroma fungi was superior to that of Trichoderma atroviride and Gliocladium sp.

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2

Masilamani, S., and J. Muthumary. "Development of conidiomata in Botryodiplodia theobromae." Mycological Research 100, no. 11 (November 1996): 1383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(96)80067-0.

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3

Istikorini, Yunik. "Potensi Cendawan Endofit pada Tanaman Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) untuk Mengendalikan Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Penyebab Mati Pucuk pada Bibit Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq)." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 10, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.10.2.114-118.

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Endophytic fungi provides potential advantages as biocontrol agents in the plant. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) is a medicinal plant which can potentially overcome many kinds of diseases. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. that may lead the death of the host. The objective of this research was to analyze the potency of endophytic fungi from binahong leaves to control the fungus B. theobromae as causal agent of dieback disease on jabon (Anthocepalus cadamba). The isolates of endophytic fungi from binahong used were bnh1.1, bnh1.2, bnh1.3, bnh4.2, bnh4.5, bnh3.3 and bnh3.4. The antifungal effect of endophytic fungi againts colony growth of virulent B. theobromae were tested in vitro. The results showed that all endophytic fungus (7 isolates) inhibited the colony development of B. theobromae ranging from 28.52%-52.22%. Treatment with endophytic fungi bnh4.5 and bnh4.2 had protected jabon from virulent B. theobromae. It has been expressed by the delay of the incubation period and the decreasing of disease severity (respectively 33.34% and 40.84%. Key words: Anredera cordifolia, Botryodiplodia theobromae, disease incidence, endophytic fungi

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4

Bena, L. M. Alfin Agushara, Achmad ., and Syamsul Falah. "AKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK DAUN PICUNG TERHADAP CENDAWAN Botryodiplodia theobromae PENYEBAB MATI PUCUK BIBIT JABON MERAH Antifungal Activity of Picung Leaf Extracts Against Botryodiplodia theobromae A Dieback Fungus of Jabon Merah Seedling." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, no. 2 (October 24, 2017): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.2.110-115.

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Invasion of Botryodiplodia theobromae as a dieback fungus on jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) seedlings is a crucial issues. This pathogenic fungus needs to be controlled precisely. Phytochemical compounds of plant material is one alternative fungicides. Crude extracts of picung (Pangium edule) leaf in water and methanol solvent known to have antifungal potential. However, its activity against B. theobromae need to be revealed. In vitro assay aimed to measuring antifungal activity of water and methanol extracts of picung leaf on controlling growth of B. theobromae pathogenic fungus. Hot water extraction and maceration in methanol was conducted to obtain crude extract materials. In-vitro antifungal assay of water and methanol extracts of picung leaf was conducted by food poisoning method on Potato Dextrose Agar media. The results showed that water and methanol extracts of pangi leaf be able to suppress the growth of B. theobromae on the first day of observation, with the highest antifungal index reached 100% at concentration of 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL, respectively. This indicates that water and methanol extracts of picung leaf have antifungal activity. Generally, there was a trend of decrease in antifungal index over time.Key words: antifungal activity, Botryodiplodia theobromae, jabon merah, picung

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5

Odebode, A. C., S. J. M. Madachi, C. C. Joseph, and B. N. Irungu. "Antimicrobial activities of constituents from isolona cauliflora verdc and cleistochlamys krikii benth, oliv.: Annonaceae." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 49, no. 1 (2004): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0401109o.

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Antimicrobial activities of crude extract, Caulindole D, a mixture of Caulindole E and F, Pinocembrin and an Oxyheptanoid (Clestochlamic acid) from stem bark of Isolona cauliflora and Cleistochlamys krikii on Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Fusarium solani, Botryodiploida theobromae Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus have been investigated. An in vitro bioassay test showed that the crude dichloro-methane extract from C. krikii and a very strong antimicrobial property. The pure compound had strong to moderate inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The pure compounds from Cleistochlamus krikii had more pronounced inhibitory activities than the pure compounds from Isola cauliflora. At lower concentration of 100-200 ppm, the crude extract of Caulindole, mixture of Caulindole E and F, Pinocembrion and Oxyheptanoid had effect on most of the investigated plant pathogens. Higher concentration of 500-1000 ppm had moderate to weak effect on the Aspergillus spp.

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6

Florence, E. J. M., R. Gnanaharan, P. Adya Singh, and J. K. Sharma. "Weight Loss and Cell Wall Degradation in Rubberwood Caused by Sapstain Fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae." Holzforschung 56, no. 3 (April 29, 2002): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2002.037.

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Summary Botryodiplodia theobromae is the predominant fungus causing sapstain in rubberwood in Kerala, India. The fungus causes up to 12.2 percent weight loss in rubberwood over a period of sixteen weeks. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of sapstained rubberwood provided evidence on hyphal invasion of cells by B. theobromae through the pit region, facilitated by its ability to degrade pit membranes. The study also revealed that B. theobromae caused degradation of lignified cell walls by erosion of the cell wall surfaces of wood elements.

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7

Salamiah, Salamiah. "PERANAN TOKSIN YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE DALAM MENIMBULKAN PENYAKIT DIPLODIA PADA BEBERAPA JENIS JERUK." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 9, no. 2 (August 24, 2009): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.29158-167.

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Role of toxin produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae causes Diplodia Bark Diseases on some citrus. The purpose of the research was to study the role of toxin produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae causes diplodia bark diseases on some citrus. Research was conducted from March through November 2007. The experiment was done at the laboratory and at a glass house of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture and the laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics Lambung Mangkurat University in Banjarbaru. For a leaf-necrosis bioassay of crude toxin production, the surfaces of the leaves were scratched near the center with a needle, and culture filtrate samples (50 µl) were placed on each wounded site. Treated leaves were incubated in a moist chamber with light at 26oC for 4 days, and toxin activity was determined by induction of veinal necrosis on the seven susceptible cultivar of citrus. The results of the experiment showed that the B. theobromae pathogens produced the toxin. The crude toxin was bioassayed for leaf necrosis to determine their ability to produce toxin. Culture filtrates of the isolate were highly toxic only on five susceptible citrus leaves siam Banjar citrus, sweet orange, lime, kaffir lime, and sour lime, indicating that the B. theobromae can produced toxin. Pathogenicity and toxin production of B. theobromae did not differ among different cultivar. While, no necrotic symptom produces on the pummelo and sunkist. Toxin production of B. theobromae produced during spore germination.

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8

Nurafida, Desi, Achmad ., and Syamsul Falah. "KEEFEKTIFAN KITOSAN DALAM MENGENDALIKAN Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. PENYEBAB MATI PUCUK PADA BIBIT JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq) Chitosan’s Effectiveness in Controlling Dieback by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat on Jabon Seeding." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.3.170-176.

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Dieback disease by the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae in Jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) inhibits the regeneration of Jabon plant. Synthetic fungicides utilization to several problems such as residue on the environment and pathogen resistance. Chitosan is a potential natural compound used as an alternative to control plant disease.This research aims to examine the effectiveness of chitosan to control B. theobromae as causal agent of dieback on Jabon seedlings and to examine the effect of chitosan to control the viscosity of dieback disease on Jabon seedlings. The results showed that the chitosan solution can decrease the severity of disease in Jabon seedlings. However, it was different with the disease incidence rate parameter. Chitosan solution was not significantly affecting the disease because B. theobromae caused dieback symptoms on Jabon seedlings. The most effective treatment was chitosan solution with a concentration of 0.1% before inoculation with the severity of the disease by 25%. Chitosan solution viscosity was responsible in affecting the percentage of dieback disease in Jabon seeds. The higher the viscosity of chitosan, the higher the percentage of dieback disease attacks. The best viscosity to suppress the development of dieback disease on Jabon seedlings was 8.80 with 7.90% attack.Key words: Anthocephalus cadamba , Botryodiplodia theobromae, chitosan, dieback.

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9

Machoy, Zygmunt, and Norbert Wyszyński. "Investigation of oligosaccharides hydrolysis by Botryodiplodia theobromae and its implication." Acta Mycologica 24, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1988.004.

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From the hydrolysis rate of the oligosaccharides used it was found out which enzymes of <i>Botryodiplodia theobromae</i> Pat. participated at that process and the order in which they attacked the individual bonds in oligosaccharides.

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10

Salamiah, Salamiah, Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari, and Muhammad Arsyad. "JENIS TANAMAN INANG DAN MASA INKUBASI PATOGEN BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE PAT. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT KULIT DIPLODIA PADA JERUK." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 8, no. 2 (November 4, 2011): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.28123-131.

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Alternative hosts and Incubation period of Botryodiplodia theobromae the causal of diplodia bark diseases on citrus. Citrus is one of the important horticulture commodities in South Kalimantan. Citrus growers in the region encounter diplodia disease caused by a genus of Botryodiplodia. There is no single method practiced today proved to be effective control for the disease. Insufficient information of the pathogen life cycle is considered to contribute in the failure of disease management. Information of the alternative hosts and incubation period of the pathogens is very crucial in the diseases management. The experiments were carried out at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases and at a Glass House of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University in Banjarbaru from March – October 2006. The experiments were conducted in three phases, i.e. (1) identification of pathogen, (2) the study of alternative hosts, and (3) the study of incubation periods of the pathogen in the test plants. Results showed that the diplodia disease of citrus “Siam Banjar” was caused by a fungus of the genus Botryodiplodia theobromae. The pathogen can also infected chasew and avocado plants. The Incubation periods of the pathogen in citrus, chasew, and avocado were 64, 39 and 39 days, respectively.

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11

Bruck, R. I., Z. Solfl, I. S. Ben-Ze'ev, and A. Zehavi. "Diseases of Italian cypress caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat." Forest Pathology 20, no. 6-7 (December 1990): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1990.tb01153.x.

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12

Miersch, Otto, Gernot Schneider, and Günther Sembdner. "Hydroxylated jasmonic acid and related compounds from Botryodiplodia theobromae." Phytochemistry 30, no. 12 (January 1991): 4049–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83464-v.

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13

Yang, Ye, Geng Di Zeng, Yu Zhang, Ru Xue, and Ya Juan Hu. "Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Carbendazim-Resistant Botryodiplodia theobromae Field Isolates." Plant Disease 103, no. 8 (August 2019): 2076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-19-0148-re.

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Stem-end rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae is a destructive disease of mango. B. theobromae field isolates resistant to carbendazim (MBC) were collected in Hainan Province, China. In this study, the characteristics of these field isolates with resistance to MBC were investigated. The resistance of B. theobromae isolates to MBC was stably inherited. Both the MBC-resistant and MBC-sensitive isolates had similar mycelial growth rates, pathogenicity, sensitivity to high glucose, glycerol content, and peroxidase activity. Compared with MBC-sensitive isolates, MBC-resistant isolates were more sensitive to low temperature and had a significant decrease in sensitivity to high NaCl and a significant increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. After MBC treatment, the cell membrane permeability of the sensitive isolates was markedly increased compared with that of the resistant isolates. Analysis of the β-tubulin gene sequence revealed point mutations resulting in substitutions at codon 198 from glutamic acid (GAG) to alanine (GCG) in moderately resistant isolates, and at codon 200 from phenylalanine (TTC) to tyrosine (TAC) in highly resistant isolates. These β-tubulin gene mutations were consistently associated with MBC resistance. Overall, we infer that the altered cell membrane permeability and the increase in CAT and GST activities of the resistant isolates are linked to MBC resistance.

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14

QUINIONES, SEBASTIAN S. "Fungsi Associated with Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena Leucocephala) (Lam) De with Seeds and Their Control." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 3, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.224.

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Thirteen fungi were isolated from Leucaena seeds from different places in the philipines. These were; Fusarium moniliforme, F. solani, F. semitecctum, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Cephalosporium sp., Phoma sp., Phoma sp., Cladosporiumsp., Chaetomium sp., Chaetomiun sp., Penicilium sp. and Aspergilus flavus. C. graminiculo completely inhibits the germination of seeds once it has colonized the seeds.

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15

Rosa de Medeiros Vichiato, Mívia, Marcelo Vichiato, Percílio Wander da Silva, Cássia Lafetá do Couto, Leonardo De Souza Pereira, Milton Luiz da Paz Lima, and Ernesto Prado. "DESFOLHAMENTO E MORTE PROGRESSIVA DE RAMOS DE Ficus microcarpa (MORACEAE) EM BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/revsbau.v8i3.66432.

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Fatores bióticos a abióticos são importantes agentes de declínio de árvores de interesse na arborização urbana. Este trabalho objetivou a investigação dos problemas fitossanitários (desfolhamento e morte progressiva de ramos) apresentados por Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae) localizados no canteiro central da Avenida Bernardo Monteiro, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Análises entomológicas e amostras de plantas infectadas revelaram que os agentes causadores da queda de folhas e da morte progressiva de ramos dos Ficus microcarpa são, respectivamente, a mosca-branca-dos-fícus - Singhiella simplex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) e o fungo Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (= Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.).

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Chakraborty, Nityananda, and Balen Nandi. "Enzyme activity in banana fruits rotted by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat." Acta Agrobotanica 31, no. 1–2 (2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1978.004.

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Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in fruits of two cultivars of banana, 'champa' and 'kanthali' rotted by <i>Botryodiplodia theobromae</i> Pat. was studied. The enzymes showed much higher activities in infected than that in uninfected 'tissues. Increase in peroxidase activity was evidently inhibited by cycloheximide. Polyphenol oxidase activity was also inhibited in presence of phenylthiourea and Na-diethyldithiocarbamate more strongly by the former. Increase in activities seemed to be due to increased sytheses of the enzymes. In an <i>in vitro</i> culture, the fungus exhibited some peroxidase but no polyphenoloxidase activity.

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17

Miersch, Otto, Alfred Preiss, Günther Sembdner, and Klaus Schreiber. "(+)-7-Iso-jasmonic acid and related compounds from botryodiplodia theobromae." Phytochemistry 26, no. 4 (January 1987): 1037–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82345-6.

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18

Mascarenhas, Patricia, Arun Behere, Arun Sharma, and S. R. Padwal-Desai. "Post-harvest spoilage of mango (Mangifera indica) by Botryodiplodia theobromae." Mycological Research 100, no. 1 (January 1996): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(96)80096-7.

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19

LUTCHMEAH, R. S. "Botryodiplodia theobromae causing fruit rot of Annona muricata in Mauritius." Plant Pathology 37, no. 1 (March 1988): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02208.x.

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20

LAKSHMANAN, P., and S. MOHAN. "Twig and stem blight of cotton caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae." Plant Pathology 38, no. 2 (June 1989): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02146.x.

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21

Umezurike, G. M. "The octameric structure of β-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat." Biochemical Journal 275, no. 3 (May 1, 1991): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2750721.

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1. Whereas only beta-glucosidase A (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) was produced by the tropical fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (I.M.I. 115626; A.T.C.C. 26123) in young cultures containing D-cellobiose as carbon source, lower-Mr forms (B, C and D) were found in older cultures when the pH had drifted from the initial value of pH 6.2 to pH 7.9. 2. The Michaelis constants (Km) of the various molecular forms of the enzyme were 0.30 +/- 0.03 mM-, 0.26 +/- 0.01 mM-, 0.20 +/- 0.02 mM- and 0.16 +/- 0.01 mM-o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside for beta-glucosidase forms A (Mr 320,000), B (Mr 160,000), C (Mr 80,000) and D (Mr 40,000) respectively. 3. Only beta-glucosidase D showed substrate inhibition. 4. Only L-arginine was found as the N-terminal residue, and beta-glucosidase A contained 31.7 +/- 0.6 mol of N-terminal L-arginine/mol of the enzyme. 5. Storage of purified beta-glucosidase A under mildly alkaline conditions caused its dissociation into the lower-Mr forms, whereas adjustment of the pH of a solution of beta-glucosidase A to pH 12.0 with 1 M-NaOH led to complete inactivation on incubation at 40 degrees C for 1 h and to the release of 25.2 +/- 1.5 mol of inorganic phosphate/mol of the enzyme. 6. O-Phospho-L-serine was isolated from the acid-hydrolysis product of beta-glucosidase A but not from that of beta-glucosidase D. 7. Reduction and carboxamidomethylation of the various forms of beta-glucosidase gave only one enzymically inactive protein with an Mr of 10,000-11,000. 8. After partial succinylation (3-carboxypropionylation) of beta-glucosidase D at pH 5.0 and removal of the precipitated protein formed, the supernatant solution contained beta-glucosidase components similar to the other molecular forms (A, B and C) and an aggregate (beta-glucosidase Xs) that gave a positive result in the alkaline hydroxylamine test, whereas N-succinylated beta-glucosidase D, an aggregate (form Xp) that behaved like beta-glucosidase Xs and traces of forms A, B and C were found by gel filtration of the solution of the precipitate solubilized at neutral pH (7.0-7.7). 9. These observations are discussed in terms of the proposed octameric structure of beta-glucosidase A based on the result of electron microscopy [Umezurike (1975) Biochem. J. 145, 361-368].

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22

Suryanarayanan, T. S., V. Muruganandam, and G. Sampath. "Effect of Congo red on hyphal morphogenesis and sporulation of Botryodiplodia theobromae." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-110.

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The effect of Congo red, a dye which inhibits crystallization of cell wall polysaccharides, on hyphal differentiation and sporulation of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. was studied. The fungus has an obligate requirement for light to fruit in culture. The dye replaced the light requirement for formation of pycnidia. It also affected the structural integrity of the hyphal wall and the branching frequency of the hypha.

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Shah, M. D., K. S. Verma, K. Singh, and R. Kaur. "Morphological, pathological and molecular variability in Botryodiplodia theobromae (Botryosphaeriaceae) isolates associated." Genetics and Molecular Research 9, no. 2 (2010): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol9-2gmr812.

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Miersch, Otto, Jürgen Schmidt, Günther Sembdner, and Klaus Schreiber. "Jasmonic acid-like substances from the culture filtrate of Botryodiplodia theobromae." Phytochemistry 28, no. 5 (January 1989): 1303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97735-5.

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Umezurike, G. M. "The mechanism of action of β-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat." Biochemical Journal 241, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2410455.

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The activity of the high-molecular-weight beta-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) obtained from culture filtrates of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. was affected by added NaCl in such a way that an initial phase of stimulation was followed by a phase of rapid non-linear decrease in velocity and finally by a phase of slow linear decrease in velocity as the concentration of NaCl was increased. In the presence of 0.014 M-sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer (pH 5.0) there was a slight increase in enzymic activity in the presence of low concentrations of dioxan (up to about 10% dioxan) and a rapid decrease in enzymic activity at higher dioxan concentrations, but both effects were mitigated in the presence of 0.1 M buffer. The order of efficiency of added glucosyl acceptors in beta-glucosidase-catalysed reactions was found to be fructose greater than sucrose greater than glycerol greater than methanol. The enzyme was inactivated by the active-site-directed compound conduritol-B-epoxide; but this inactivation was concentration-dependent, was prevented by 10 mM-glucose, and involved an acidic group with pKa 4.3. A rate equation has been derived on the assumption of a mechanism of action involving a solvent-separated and an intimate glucosyl cation-carboxylate ion-pair intermediate and an alpha-glucosyl enzyme intermediate [Umezurike, G. M. (1981) Biochem. J. 199, 203-209]. Calculations based on the application of the derived rate equation and the calculated kinetic parameters show that the rate equation explains the peculiar properties of beta-glucosidase in the presence of added glucosyl acceptors or of NaCl.

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26

Firmansyah, M. A., Achmad, and L. Setiadi. "Pathogenicity of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. on Maesopsis eminii Engl. Seedling Leaves." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 394 (December 6, 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/394/1/012001.

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27

Junqueira, Nilton Tadeu Vilela, and Keize Pereira Junqueira. "Principais doenças de Anonáceas no Brasil: descrição e controle." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 36, spe1 (2014): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452014000500006.

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Várias doenças podem afetar folhas, caules, flores e frutos de gravioleira, pinheira e atemoia em diferentes estádios de seus desenvolvimentos. Geralmente, as doenças mais importantes são causadas por fungos durante o florescimento e a frutificação. Também podem ocorrer murchas ou podridões de raízes, causadas por nematoides e patógenos do solo. A antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), murcha ou podridões de raízes (Rhizoctonia solani, Cylindrocladium clavatum, Phytophthora sp., Pythium sp., Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, cancros (Albonectria rigidiuscula) e podridão de frutos (Botryodiplodia theobromae, sin. Lasiodiplodia theobromae) são as mais importantes. Por outro lado, a podridão-parda-do-fruto (Rhizopus stolonifer) provoca perdas expressivas na produção de graviola. A seguir, são descritas as principais doenças que afetam estas espécies de anonáceas, seus agentes causais e as medidas de controle.

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Andrade Ayala, María del Carmen Nely, Francisco Daniel Hernandez Castillo, Elan Iñaky Laredo Alcala, Antonio Serguei Ledezma Pérez, Carmen Natividad Alvarado Canché, and Jorge Romero García. "Efecto biológico de nanopartículas cargadas con ácido indolacético microbiano en parámetros morfométricos de tomate." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 11, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v11i3.1919.

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El tomate es una de las hortalizas que mayor producción tienen a nivel mundial, por lo que para su fertilización y control de plagas se utilizan productos de origen sintético, que afectan el ecosistema donde son aplicados, por esta razón se buscan alternativas biológicamente sustentables. Una de esas alternativas es el uso del metabolismo microbiano, ejemplo de esto es Botryodiplodia theobromae hongo fitopatógeno capaz de producir fitohormonas a partir de su metabolismo, como es el ácido indolacético (AIA). Sin embargo, la aplicación exógena esta fitohormona presenta una degradación acelerada al ponerse en contacto con factores ambientales. Una alternativa para minimizar este efecto es la encapsulación con el uso de materiales biopoliméricos que tengan la capacidad de recubrir la fitohormona y al mismo tiempo permitir aumentar la efectividad del producto. En este trabajo se evaluó la eficiencia de encapsulación (EE) del AIA procedente del caldo microbiano por fermentación líquida de B. theobromae en nanopartículas (Np) de alginato/quitosán (ALG/QS); así como, su efectividad biológica representada en patrones morfológicos de desarrollo en plantas de tomate. Los resultados demostraron, que a partir del metabolismo microbiano de Botryodiplodia theobromae se produjo AIA, el cual una vez encapsulado alcanzo una EE de 90%, así como diversos tamaños de partícula. En relación con la efectividad biológica en plantas de tomate se observó que las Np cargadas con caldo microbiano y AIA grado sintético presentaron diferencia significativa en la mayoría los parámetros morfológicos en comparación con el testigo. Por lo que los nanosistemas cargados con bioestimulates son una alternativa a futuro para la aplicación de bioestimulantes en hortalizas como el tomate.

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Darge, Wendu Admasu. "First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Needle Blight and Stem Canker Diseases on Araucaria heterophylla in Ethiopia." Journal of Horticultural Research 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0014.

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Abstract Canker and needle blight of Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island pine) trees were observed during the surveys conducted in Addis Ababa and Adama cities (Ethiopia) from November to December 2016. The main objective of this study was to investigate fungal pathogens that cause diseases on Araucaria heterophylla trees. Six localities with Araucaria heterophylla plantings were purposively surveyed for disease symptoms. Samples from symptomatic parts of trees were collected, surface sterilized, cultured on PDA and morphologically identified for genus and species. A total of 36 isolates of fungi were identified. Based on macro- and microscopic morphological features of the colonies, the fungal isolates were found to be the genus Diplodia and species Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl (syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae), the anamorph of Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx. The pathogenicity test showed that the isolates of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, caused stem canker and needle blight on Araucaria heterophylla. This finding is important in the study of management options for future prevention and control of diseases in the country.

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Meah, M. B., R. A. Plumbley, and M. J. Jeger. "Growth and infectivity of Botryodiplodia theobromae causing stem-end rot of mango." Mycological Research 95, no. 4 (April 1991): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80837-x.

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Gupta, V. P., S. K. Tewari, Govindaiah, and A. K. Bajpai. "Ultrastructure of Mycoparasitism of Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Laetisaria Species on Botryodiplodia theobromae." Journal of Phytopathology 147, no. 1 (January 1999): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1999.tb03802.x.

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Venkatachalam, Raja, Kamalraj Subban, and Muthumary John Paul. "Taxol from Botryodiplodia theobromae (BT 115)—AN endophytic fungus of Taxus baccata." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S189—S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1823.

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Haggag, W. M., M. S. M. Abou Rayya, and N. E. Kasim. "First Report of a Canker Disease of Walnut Caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae in Egypt." Plant Disease 91, no. 2 (February 2007): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-2-0226b.

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Botryodiplodia spp. are known to produce cankers and dieback of several woody hosts. Botryodiplodia diseases were observed in 7-year-old orchards in Rhafah, north of Sinai, Egypt, in July 2005 and 2006. Symptoms appeared as dieback and cankers with dead leaves that were covered mostly with grayish white fungal growth; black pycnidia appeared on the surface of the infected branches. Plant foliage was discolored and partially or completely dry. When the outer bark was removed, the affected tissue appeared dark brown, in contrast to the yellowish green of healthy inner bark. On the basis of morphological characteristics (3), these fungi were identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. by the Plant Pathology Department, National Research Centre. Sporulating lesions were black and had a rough surface caused by the erumpent, confluent arrangement of pycnidia formed in infected tissue. The pycnidia were smallest in naturally infected twigs in nutritionally rich medium such as oatmeal agar (190 to 887 × 155 to 705 μm). Conidia were initially hyaline and unicellular, subovoid to ellipsoidal with a granular content. Mature conidia were two-celled, cinnamon to light brown, and often with longitudinal striations. Conidia measured 20 to 30 × 12 to 15 μm. Pathogenicity of isolates from symptomatic branches was determined by branch inoculations on rooted cuttings made from 7-year-old walnut trees growing in plastic pots. One isolate was inoculated on wounded and unwounded twigs using 100 μl of a suspension of 5 × 105 conidia per ml. Control branches were sprayed with water. All inoculated and control plants were kept in a greenhouse and watered as needed. There were three replicate plants for each isolate and inoculation technique that was used. After 3 weeks, cankers and grayish necrotic lesions developed on all inoculated plants. Samples of tissue from 10 infected walnut branches were plated on water agar. B. theobromae was recovered from all sampled plants. Control plants did not display any symptoms. B. theobromae has been reported on species of walnut from the Hermosillo Coast of Mexico (1) and India (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of walnut dieback and canker caused by this pathogen in Egypt. References: (1) J. A. Arredondo. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 12:138, 1994. (2) B. Kusum. Indian J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 21:295, 1991. (3). S. Masilamani and J. Muthumary. Mycol. Res. 100:1383, 1996.

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YANTI, LOLA ADRES, ACHMAD ACHMAD, and NURUL KHUMAIDA. "Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 1441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190434.

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Yanti LA, Achmad, Khumaida N. 2018. Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) againstBotryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1441-1450. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. seedlings arethe most preferred plant for the nursery as they serve a lot of benefits and can be used as shading trees, reforestation, plywood, pulp,paper, and traditional medicines. Further, those benefits can increase the economic value of this plant. The main problem in the nurseryof forestry plants is pest and disease attacks, one of which is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodiatheobromae Pat. that may lead death of the host plant. Every plant has its resistance mechanism toward pathogen attacks. This researchaimed: (1) to study B. theobromae attack through wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on white jabon seedlings; (2) tostudy the resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings both structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae. This studyemployed a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The structural resistance was determined by studyingthe microscopic appearance of the white jabon seedlings’ stem by using a scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the biochemicalresistance was determined by characterizing the chemical compounds of white jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. Theresult showed that the disease incidence of the control (inoculated without pathogen isolate) and the inoculated (inoculated withpathogen isolate) seedlings were, respectively, 0% and 100% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 30% (non-wounded). The diseaseseverity of control and inoculated seedlings were 0% and 62% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 12% (non-wounded stem),respectively. The incubation period of wounded and non-wounded stems on inoculated seedlings (inoculated with pathogen isolate) wasone day after inoculation with the numeric values (disease scores) of 4 and 2, respectively. White jabon seedlings had necrotic resistanceas structural resistance mechanism against the pathogen attack. White jabon seedlings also contained secondary metabolites such asalkaloids, flavonoid, phenyl hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, and steroids. The biochemical resistance of white jabon seedling afterpathogen attacks was shown by the increase of accumulated phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and tannin.

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Markson, Aniedi Abasi Akpan, Ndukwe Nwaogburu Kalu, and Patrick Ishoro Akwaji. "Antifungal Potency of Essential Oil Components of African Ginger - Zingiber officinale (Roscoe)." Sustainable Food Production 4 (December 2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sfp.4.20.

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The antifungal potency of essential oil ofzingiber officinale(Roscoe) (African Ginger) was investigated using the hyphal extension bioassay. The essential oil (vacuum distillate) was obtained through vacuum distillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the oil revealed 27 compounds with six compounds (1.8-Cineole, α-Pinene, Camphene, (E,E)-α-Fanesene, Geranial and Zingiberene) showing major biological activity. Results of antifungal screening of the bioactive blend from these compounds and vacuum distillate in comparison with four synthetic fungicides revealed that the bioactive blend was more effective against the test pathogen –Botryodiplodia theobromae(Pat.) in culture allowing the shortest hyphal lengths of 1.12cm, 0.28cm and 0.18cm at 50, 75 and 100μg/ml concentration compared with 3.39cm, 0.77cm and 0.28cm respectively obtained for forcelet (the best fungicide tested). Vacuum distillate was comparable (P<0.05) in performance to the bioactive blend. These two plant-based chemicals were persistent in their action againstB. theobromaeat all levels of concentration throughout the course of the experiment.

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Okigbo, R. N., and M. I. Osuinde. "Fungal leaf spot diseases of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Southeastern Nigeria and biological control with Bacillus subtilis." Plant Protection Science 39, No. 2 (November 25, 2011): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3829-pps.

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The incidence of fungal leaf spot diseases on mango (Mangifera indica) in Southeastern Nigeria and application of a biological control measure was investigated. The survey proved that the incidence of leaf spot diseases was greatest in Umuahia (72%) followed by Okigwe and Ojoto, with a peak at the beginning of the rainy season (February–March). Three pathogenic fungi, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Macrophoma mangiferae, were isolated from leaf spots. Other fungi, Fusariella spp., which are well known saprophytes of dead plant materials, and the fungus Meliola sp., were also isolated from diseased leaves. Pathogenicity tests showed that P. mangiferae, B. theobromae and M. mangiferae were the causal agents of the fungal leaf spot diseases. Symptoms developed 5 weeks after inoculation of healthy leaves. Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610, isolated from soil under a mango tree, inhibited P. mangiferae, B. theobromae and M. mangiferae by 57%, 61% and 58% respectively on agar plates. Also, in in vivo experiments the symptoms were considerably reduced in the field by the application of the antagonist. The importance of the biological control method for rural mango farmers is emphasised.  

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Navaratnam, Ponnuchamy, Vasanthy Arasaratnam, Sulojana Mahendran, and Kandiah Balasubramaniam. "Formulation of medium and recycling of biomass for glucoamylase production by Botryodiplodia theobromae." Process Biochemistry 31, no. 1 (January 1996): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-9592(94)00049-2.

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Husain, Akhtar, Absar Ahmad, and Pawan K. Agrawal. "(-)-Jasmonic Acid, a Phytotoxic Substance from Botryodiplodia theobromae: Characterization by NMR Spectroscopic Methods." Journal of Natural Products 56, no. 11 (November 1993): 2008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50101a025.

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LE NGUYEN, DOAN DUY, MARIE-NOELLE DUCAMP, MANUEL DORNIER, DIDIER MONTET, MAX REYNES, and GÉRARD LOISEAU. "Evaluation of Lactoperoxidase System Treatment To Reduce Anthracnose, Stem-End Rot, and Bacterial Black Spot Development during Storage of Mangoes." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.8.1671.

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The lactoperoxidase system (LPS) was evaluated for the prevention of postharvest diseases caused by Xanthomonas campestris, Botryodiplodia theobromae, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in ‘Keitt’ and ‘Kent’ mangoes. The LPS treatment significantly reduced the disease development on both cultivars after storage at 12°C for 2 weeks, which was followed by a ripening at 25°C. The LPS treatment did not alter the sensory quality of mango fruits (color, firmness, titrable acidity, and total soluble solids) when compared to untreated fruits. The LPS thus presents good potential alternative to the chemical fungicides traditionally used to improve the shelf life of mangoes.

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Yildiz, A., K. Benlioglu, and H. S. Benlioglu. "First Report of Strawberry Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-13-1192-pdn.

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With a typical Mediterranean climate, Aydin is the third largest strawberry-producing province, responsible for 13% of the overall strawberry production in Turkey. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) are mainly grown in raised, plastic-mulched beds under tunnels and soil solarization is the most effectively used management practice to control soil-borne pathogens. During October 2011 and 2012, 2 months after planting, wilting and collapse of plants were observed on commercial strawberry (cv. strawberry Festival) fields in Sultanhisar town of Aydin Province. Eleven percent of the plants were wilted and died. Symptomatic plants exhibited blackened necrotic discoloration of roots and in the cross section of crowns. A fungus was consistently isolated from pieces of infected tissue cut aseptically from the crowns and placed on potato dextrose agar. Fungus produced white colonies and later turned olivaecious black with dense aerial mycelium after 4 to 5 days incubation at 27°C. Dark brown to black pycnidia that formed on 20- to 30-day-old pure cultures under daylight conditions produced abundant conidia that were two-celled, thick-walled, and oval shaped with longitudinal striations. Single spore isolates from 12 samples were obtained and stored for further identification. The average size of 300 conidia was 25.42 ± 2.12 × 12.87 ± 1.08 μm. The morphology of the fungus was similar to Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl. (syn. Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.). To confirm the identity of the isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and the elongation factor 1-alpha gene were amplified with the universal ITS1/ITS4 and EF1-688F/EF1-1251R (1) primers, respectively. The amplicons from 12 isolates were commercially sequenced at Macrogen (Korea) and were deposited in GenBank under consecutive accession numbers KF910369 to KF910380 and KJ641536 to KJ641547. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 12 isolates were closely related and belonged to L. theobromae. Pathogenicity tests were performed by the toothpick technique (2) under greenhouse conditions (28°C, 14/10-h day/night, 70% RH) on potted strawberry plants (cv. strawberry Festival). Toothpicks carrying fungal growth taken from 1-week-old corn meal agar cultures of the tested isolates was placed into the basal crown tissue of the plants by piercing about 5 mm depth. Six plants were inoculated for each isolate and six were treated with sterile toothpick for control. All inoculated plants developed wilting and dieback symptoms resembling those of naturally infected plants within 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. All plants inoculated with the tested isolates collapsed after 4 weeks and showed discoloration of internal crown tissue. Control plants did not exhibit any disease symptoms, and crown tissue was symptomless. L. theobromae was successfully re-isolated from lesions of all inoculated plants. L. theobromae has been reported to cause cankers and dieback in a wide range of hosts in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing dieback on strawberry plants. References: (1) A. Alves et al. Fungal Divers. 28:1, 2008. (2) M. E. A. El-Morsi and I. A. Ibrahim. Wudpecker J. Agric. Res. 1:215, 2012. (3) E. Punithalingam. Plant diseases attributed to Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. J. Cramer, Vaduz, 1980.

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Rashid, AQM B., MB Meah, and A. Sultana. "Seed Borne Fungal Diseases of Fruits in Mymensingh District." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (August 24, 2015): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24690.

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the major seed borne fungal diseases of fruits in Mymensingh. Being perishable crop the fruits were found easily prone to the attack of various disease causing organisms at almost all sphere of their production practices from orchard to the storage, transit and consumption. Fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloesporioides) were found as the most common and serious diseases in many fruits such as mango, guava, banana, papaya, pineapple etc. Prevalence of the diseases, losses incurred and probable control measures have been suggested in most of the cases.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 153-156 2015

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Dwiastuti, Mutia Erti, Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarta, and Loekas Soesanto. "Perkembangan Penyakit Diplodia pada Tiga Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Path dan Peran Toksin Dalam Menekan Penyakit pada Jeruk (Citrus spp.)." Jurnal Hortikultura 27, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p231-240.

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<p>Penyakit diplodia (Botryodiplodia theobromae) pada tanaman jeruk menyebar cukup luas di sentra jeruk Indonesia. Serangan parah penyakit dapat menyebabkan kematian apabila tidak dikendalikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui patogenisitas dan peran toksin dari tiga isolat B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan pada jeruk siam, pamelo, dan manis. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika pada bulan November 2015 – Mei 2016. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan, yaitu uji patogenisitas pada tanaman dan uji toksin kasar pada skala laboratorium. Uji patogenisitas menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan kombinasi perlakuan terdiri atas tiga jenis isolat, yaitu Mg52A.1, dan Mg39.2 (asal Magetan), Ps8b (asal Pasuruan), serta tiga jenis tanaman jeruk (pamelo, siam, manis). Parameter pengamatan terdiri atas masa inkubasi, jumlah sampel nekrosis, dan luas gejala. Perlakuan pengujian toksin terdiri atas kontrol tanpa toksin, toksin kasar isolat Mg52A.1, toksin kasar isolat Mg39.2, dan toksin kasar isolat Ps8b. Aplikasi toksin dilakukan pada daun tiga varietas jeruk dengan rancangan acak lengkap, tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan masing masing terdiri atas dua daun asal tanaman yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa inkubasi isolat Mg39.2 lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan isolat Mg52A.1 dan Ps8b. Ketiga isolat patogen B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan memiliki patogenisitas yang sama dalam menimbulkan gejala penyakit pada jeruk pamelo, siam, dan manis, sedangkan toksin hanya berperan dalam mempercepat masa inkubasi.</p><p>Diplodia disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) spread quite widely in Indonesia citrus center. Severe attacks of disease can cause death if it not controlled. The purpose of this study was determine the pathogenicity and the effect of toxins from three isolates of B. theobromae origin Pasuruan and Magetan on tangerine, pummelo, and sweet orange varieties. The study was conducted at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute during November 2015 – May 2016. This observation consisted of two experiments that pathogenicity test in screenhouse and crude toxin of patogen test in laboratory. Pathogenicity test used randomized block design arranged as factorial. The first factor was three isolates: Mg52A.1, Mg39.2 (from Magetan), Ps8b (from Pasuruan) and the second factor were kind of citrus (pummelo, tangerine , and sweet orange). The observation parameter consist of the incubation period, the number of necrotic samples and visual symptom. Crude toxin test treatment consists of a control test toxin without toxins, crude toxin Mg52A.1, crude toxin Mg39.2 toxin, crude toxin Ps8b. Application toxin carried out on the three leaf varieties of oranges. Each treatment was repeated three times and each consists of two leaves of different varieties. The results showed that the incubation period Mg39.2 isolates faster than two other isolates. Infection with different isolates and treatment of different citrus varieties shows that it did not different significantly in causing disease symptom of diplodia. Similarly result on crude toxin treatment with three isolates on three varieties showed that it were not different necrotic symptom. Thus the three isolates of pathogens B.theobromae origin from Pasuruan and Magetan have the same pathogenicity in causing disease symptoms in citrus pummelo, tangerine, and sweet orange. Toxin only play a role in accelerating the incubation period.</p>

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Sabalpara, A. N., D. G. Vala, and K. U. Solanky. "MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE PAT. CAUSING TWIG-BLIGHT AND DIE-BACK OF MANGO." Acta Horticulturae, no. 291 (June 1991): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1991.291.35.

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Umezurike, G. M. "The effect of glycerol on the activity of β-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat." Biochemical Journal 254, no. 1 (August 15, 1988): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2540073.

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1. In the activity of the high-Mr beta-glucosidase A (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) obtained from culture filtrates of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. on o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrate, both Vmax. and Km increased non-linearly with increasing concentration of glycerol, and the Vmax./Km(app.) ratio decreased non-linearly with increasing concentration of glycerol. 2. No increase in rate was observed with phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrate in the presence of up to 250 mM-glycerol, indicating that glucosylation is rate-limiting with this substrate. 3. With o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrates, kappa cat. values of 793.7 s-1, 62.8 s-1 and 5.4 s-1 respectively were calculated. 4. With o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside as substrate, alpha-deuterium kinetic isotope effects of 1.9 +/- 0.03 and 1.01 +/- 0.01 respectively were found; in the presence of 200 mM-glycerol the values were 1.21 +/- 0.03 and 1.02 +/- 0.01 respectively. 5. In the presence of a large excess of o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside [(S] = 35.7 Km), the amount of o-nitrophenol and also of the transglucosylation product formed by beta-glucosidase action increased non-linearly, whereas that of glucose formed decreased non-linearly with increasing glycerol concentration. 6. All these results were found to fit the data calculated from rate equations derived on the basis of the proposed mechanism of enzyme action involving two ion-pair intermediates and a covalent alpha-D-glucosyl-enzyme in the reaction sequence [Umezurike (1987) Biochem. J. 241, 455-462].

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Onyeka, T. J., E. J. A. Ekpo, and A. G. O. Dixon. "Virulence and Host-pathogen Interaction of Botryodiplodia theobromae Isolates of Cassava Root Rot Disease." Journal of Phytopathology 153, no. 11-12 (December 2005): 726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01030.x.

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Eng, F., M. Gutiérrez-Rojas, and E. Favela-Torres. "Culture conditions for jasmonic acid and biomass production by Botryodiplodia theobromae in submerged fermentation." Process Biochemistry 33, no. 7 (September 1998): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00035-1.

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47

Odebode, A. C., S. A. Jonker, C. C. Joseph, and S. W. Wachira. "Anti-fungal activities of constituents from Uvaria scheffleri and Artabotrys brachypetalus." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 51, no. 1 (2006): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0601079o.

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The anti-fungal activity of schefflone, a mixture of dimmer, 3,5 dimethoxy carvacrol and annonaceous acetogenin, extracted from stem-bark and root of Uvaria scheffleri and Artabotrys bruchypetalus against Fusarium solani, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Asperillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was determined. An in-vitro bioassay showed that the minimum inhibitory effect of the compounds to the fungal pathogens occurred at 200 ppm in both radial growth and mycelia dry weight measurements. Acetogenin from A brachypetalus had a very strong anti-fungal effect on all the test fungi. The effects of the compounds were more pronounced on F solani than on the other. The bioassay methods also play a significant role in the sensitivity of the samples on the pathogens. .

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Abd El-Aziz, A. "GUAVA DIE-BACK IN EGYPT: THE CAUSAL AGENT AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE PAT." Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 787–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2019.43830.

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SUGIPRIHATINI, DWI, SURYO WIYONO, and WIDODO WIDODO. "Selection of Yeasts Antagonists as Biocontrol Agent of Mango Fruit Rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae." Microbiologi Indonesia 5, no. 4 (December 2011): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5454/mi.5.4.2.

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Dwiastuti, M. E., and A. Sugiyatno. "THE POTENCIAL OF INTERSTOCK USE TO REDUCE DIPLODIA DISEASE (BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE PATH.) ON CITRUS PLANT." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 78, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2018-06.56.

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