Academic literature on the topic 'Bots (logiciels)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Bots (logiciels)"

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MOULAI-KHATIR, Djezouli. "Comparative study between two three-dimensional metrology software." Recueil de mécanique 2, no. 2 (2018): 215–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175026.

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Abstract This article presents a comparative study between two three-dimensional metrology software, the Metrosoft software of the "Metromec" machine of the National Polytechnic School of Oran and the Geoverif experimental software developed by PAIREL, SYMME Laboratory. Both softwares use the least squares fit criterion, which is the most commonly used criterion on Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). We will present in this work, an application to measure the defect form (flatness) of an engine bearing, following three swings. We will also present a probing strategy in such a way as
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Leban, JM, and G. Duchanois. "SIMQUA : un logiciel de simulation de la qualité du bois." Annales des Sciences Forestières 47, no. 5 (1990): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19900506.

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Baillères, Henri. "Liaison entre sylviculture et qualité du bois. A travers la modélisation et les logiciels de simulation." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 251 (March 1, 1997): 69–70. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft1997.251.a19934.

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La recherche sur les bois donne aux industriels le moyen d'améliorer la qualité, la durabilité et les performances des produits en bois et à base de bois. Ce second atelier de l’IUFRO, tenu au Kruger National Park (Afrique du Sud), du 26 au 31 août 1996, a permis des échanges entre chercheurs et industriels. Son programme portait sur : formation et qualité du bois, qualification des matériaux, procédés industriels d'élaboration, de conditionnement en amélioration, processus de transformation en optimisation de la production, innovation et développement de la construction.
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ABDOULAYE, AMIDOU Moucktarou, Jean KPETERE, YO BONI Azizou SABI, and Sahabou ABOUBAKAR. "COMMERCIALIASTION DU BOIS-ENERGIE ET AMELIORATION DES CONDITIONS DE VIE A KARIMAMA AU NORD BENIN." Journal de Géographie Rurale Appliquée et Développement (J_GRAD) 4, no. 2 (2024): 1–277. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11561806.

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RESUMESituée au Nord-Ouest du département de l’Alibori, la commune Karimama dont le territoire est occupé par la réserve forestièredu parc W, est confrontée à une dégradation de ses ressources forestières. La dépendance du bois-énergie pour la cuisson despopulations constitue l’un des principaux facteurs. La présente étude se propose d’analyser les retombées socio-économiquesde la consommation de bois-énergie dans la commune de Karimama. De façon spéci
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Tindale, Christopher W. "Perelman, Informal Logic and the Historicity of Reason." Informal Logic 26, no. 3 (2008): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v26i3.457.

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In a posthumous paper, Perelman discusses his decision to bring his theory of argumentation together with rhetoric rather than calling it an informal logic. This is due in part because of the centrality he gives to audience, and in part because of the negative attitude that informal logicians have to rhetoric. In this paper, I explore both of these concerns by way of considering what benefits Perelman’s work can have for informal logic, and what insights the work of informal logicians might bring to the project of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca.
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Turner, Ray. "A theory of properties." Journal of Symbolic Logic 52, no. 2 (1987): 455–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274394.

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Frege's attempts to formulate a theory of properties to serve as a foundation for logic, mathematics and semantics all dissolved under the weight of the logicial paradoxes. The language of Frege's theory permitted the representation of the property which holds of everything which does not hold of itself. Minimal logic, plus Frege's principle of abstraction, leads immediately to a contradiction. The subsequent history of foundational studies was dominated by attempts to formulate theories of properties and sets which would not succumb to the Russell argument. Among such are Russell's simple the
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Babatoundé, IDRISSOU Akim, GUEDENON D. Janvier, NOBIME Georges, and GIBIGAYE S. Moussa. "Etat Des Lieux De La Production De Sculptures Sur Bois Dans L’Atlantique Et Du Littoral Au Sud Du Benin." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 38, no. 2 (2023): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.2.5344.

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La sculpture sur bois est une activité artisanale qui se pratique dans certaines localités des départements de l’Atlantique et du Littoral au sud du Bénin. Son exercice, bien que pénible, continue de mobiliser quelques rares artisans passionnés. Malgré que cette activité soit progressivement délaissée, ses productions sont cependant d’un attrait pour les touristes. Pour la sauvegarde de cette activité, cette étude a visé à réaliser un état des lieux de sa pratique dans ces deux départements.L’approche méthodologique adoptée est axée sur la recherche documentaire, la collecte des données, leur
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Trébuchon, Jean-François. "Bois et Forêts des Tropiques évolue en partenariat avec la recherche au Sud." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 343 (April 7, 2020): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.343.a31854.

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Depuis fin 2018, le fonctionnement de la revue Bois et Forêts des Tropiques a évolué.
 En remplacement de Jacques Tassin, Jean-François Trébuchon a pris la suite des opérations en tant que rédacteur en chef et coordinateur éditorial.
 Une équipe de rédaction a été constituée, incluant six rédacteurs scientifiques : Kévin Candelier, Antoine Galiana, Laurent Gazull, Valéry Gond, Jean Gérard et Jacques Tassin. Leur mission consiste à examiner le fond scientifique des manuscrits soumis, à piloter leur évaluation en double-aveugle avec l’aide de relecteurs internationaux du Nord et du Sud
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Searle, John R. "The Structure and Functions of Language." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 36, no. 1 (2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2014-0001.

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Abstract This paper will discuss the nature of language. I find the present state of the subject, the Philosophy of Language, and the present state of Lin- guistics to be both, for different reasons, unsatisfactory. The problem with the Philosophy of Language is that its practitioners tend to lose sight of the psy- chological reality of language, i.e. of speaking and writing. Historically this is because the Philosophy of Language began with Frege’s logic and has continued to the present day to be heavily influenced by considerations of formal logic. Logicians need not be interested in the psy
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Rohrbacher, Bernhard. "JEWISH LAW AND MEDIEVAL LOGIC: WHY EATING HORSE MEAT IS A PUNISHABLE OFFENSE." Journal of Law and Religion 30, no. 2 (2015): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2015.18.

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AbstractThis article presents a case study of the influence of Muslim and Christian logicians on medieval Jewish law. The case in question is why it is a punishable offense for Jews to eat mammals that do not have either sign of purity—that is, neither have split hooves nor chew their cud—and the article examines the answers given by three medieval Jewish sages: Rashi, Maimonides, and Naḥmanides. The Written Law of the Torah explicitly allows the consumption of mammals, such as cattle, with both signs of purity. It also explicitly prohibits the eating of mammals, such as camels or pigs, with o
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bots (logiciels)"

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Chiapponi, Elisa. "Detecting and Mitigating the New Generation of Scraping Bots." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS490.

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Chaque jour, une guerre invisible pour les données se déroule entre les sites de commerce électronique et les acteurs qui,en siphonnent les données, sont appelés "scrapers'' . Les sites de commerce électronique détiennent les données au cœur du conflit et souhaitent les fournir uniquement aux utilisateurs légitimes. Les scrapers veulent un accès illimité et continu aux données susmentionnées pour en tirer profit. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les scrapers envoient de grandes quantités de requêtes aux sites de commerce électronique, ce qui leur cause des problèmes financiers. Cela a conduit l'in
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Vastel, Antoine. "Traçage versus sécurité : explorer les deux facettes des empreintes de navigateurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I097.

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De nos jours, une grande diversité d'appareils tels que des smartphones, des ordinateurs ou des télévisions connectées peuvent naviguer sur le web. Afin d'adapter leur expérience de navigation, les utilisateurs modifient également diverses options telles que l'affichage de la barre des favoris ou leurs langues préférées. Cette diversité d'appareils et de configurations sont à l'origine du suivi par empreintes de navigateurs. En effet, pour gérer cette diversité, les sites web peuvent accéder à des informations relatives à la configuration de l'appareil grâce aux interfaces du langage JavaScrip
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Attik, Yassine. "Plateforme logicielle ouverte pour le développement d'algorithmes de planification des opérations." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30945.

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L’optimisation combinatoire concerne la résolution de problèmes pour lesquels les variables prennent des valeurs discrètes et sur lesquelles s’appliquent des contraintes. L’ensemble des variables et des contraintes définissent un modèle représentant le problème. Un très grand nombre de problèmes industriels peuvent être représentés sous cette forme. Un logiciel qui prend un modèle en entrée et produit une solution est appelé solveur. La programmation par contraintes (PPC) est l’une des techniques algorithmiques pouvant être utilisée par ces solveurs. Dans ce mémoire, nous développons un nouvea
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Belley, Denis. "Évaluation du volume et des pertes de qualité causées par les principaux défauts des tiges d'épinette blanche et de pin gris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25295.

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Les objectifs de ce travail sont donc, dans un premier temps, de mieux comprendre les effets de l’espacement initial sur les caractéristiques des arbres de pin gris et d’épinette blanche ainsi que sur les propriétés mécaniques de leur bois. Il sera également possible de développer un facteur de correction du volume des sciages obtenus en fonction des déformations naturelles présentes sur les tiges pour ces deux essences, et ce, dans le but d’estimer de manière plus précise le volume de sciage disponible à partir des données d’inventaires forestiers. Dans un deuxième temps, le travail consiste
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Alain, Sylvie. "Évaluation d'outils d'analyse du cycle de vie pour étudier la performance environnementale de bâtiments en bois innovants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26005.

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Pour réduire l’impact environnemental d’un bâtiment, l’intégration de l’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) en phase de conception peut s’effectuer selon deux approches : par l’utilisation d’un outil simplifié, tel qu’Athena, par les professionnels de la construction, ou par la collaboration d’un analyste en ACV en utilisant un outil plus complexe, tel que SimaPro. L'objectif du projet est d'évaluer les forces et les limites de ces outils pour l’analyse de bâtiments en bois innovants au Canada. Les résultats sont basés sur une étude de cas : un immeuble à bureaux de six étages avec une structure en
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Bouchard, Cindy. "La génétique au service de la conservation de la tortue des bois (Glyptemys insculpta)." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25265.

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La biologie de la conservation est un domaine de recherche en pleine expansion en raison de la perte accélérée de la biodiversité à l’échelle mondiale. Pour mieux comprendre les processus et les menaces au maintien des populations de petite taille et les effets des facteurs anthropiques sur la biodiversité, la génétique est fréquemment utilisée en conservation. Des analyses génétiques peuvent, par exemple, nous informer sur les tendances à long terme, la diversité des populations et les stratégies de reproduction d’une espèce. La tortue des bois (Glyptemys insculpta) est une espèce endémique à
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Larouche, Ursula. "Entre le développement durable et l’acceptabilité sociale : pour une éthique de la gestion des ressources naturelles : le cas d’Arianne Phosphate inc." Thèse, 2016. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4155/1/Larouche_uqac_0862N_10314.pdf.

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Pour les projets de développement des ressources naturelles ou tout autre projet ayant un impact sur l’environnement, l’acceptabilité sociale fait désormais partie du langage populaire et scientifique. Malgré les démarches de création de grilles d’analyse de critères qui se sont multipliées pour évaluer le développement durable d’un projet, celles-ci ne sont pas adaptées pour qualifier un projet qui vise à obtenir l’acceptabilité sociale. Grâce à l’analyse d’un cas réel dont nous nous inspirons, le projet de la mine d’apatite du lac à Paul de l’entreprise minière Arianne Phosphate, nous démont
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Books on the topic "Bots (logiciels)"

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M, Bonnor G., and Pacific Forestry Centre, eds. A guide to the STIM growth model. Pacific Forestry Centre, 1995.

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Woolley, Samuel, and Nick Monaco. Bots. Polity Press, 2022.

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Bots. Polity Press, 2022.

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Wright, Samuel. A Time of Novelty. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568163.001.0001.

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This book argues that a philosophical community emerged in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century India that crafted an intellectual life on the basis of intellectual and emotional responses to novelty in Sanskrit logic (nyāya-śāstra). As the book demonstrates, novelty was a primary concept used by Sanskrit logicians during this period to mark the boundaries of a philosophical community in both intellectual and emotional terms. This concept was expressed in their texts through the use of terms such as “old” and “new” when discussing certain philosophical opinions, signaling that periodization was
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Tennant, Neil. Introduction and Overview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777892.003.0001.

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This is a foundational work, written not just for philosophers of logic, but for logicians and foundationalists generally. Like Frege we seek to deal with the formal first-order language of mathematics. We revisit Gentzen’s proof theory in order to build relevance into proofs, while leaving intact all the logical power one is entitled to expect of a deductive logic for mathematics and for scientific method generally. Proof systems are constituted by particular choices of rules of inference. We raise the issue of the reflexive stability of any argument for a particular choice of logic as the ‘r
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King, Colin Guthrie, and Venanzio Raspa, eds. Aristotle’s Organon in Old and New Logic. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350372214.

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Aristotle’s Organon in Old and New Logic 1800–1950explores the reception and interpretation of Aristotle’s logic over the last two centuries. The volume covers seminal works during this period by logicians, historians of logic, and historians of philosophy, including John Lloyd Akrill, Francesco Barone, Günther Patzig, Enrico Berti, and Mario Mignucci. Contributors consider the reception of the Organon in old logic and chart the appearance of formal approaches to logic beginning with Boole. This in-depth study of Aristotelianism also covers logic in Kant and Hegel, alongside the problems and p
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Vogt, Katja Maria, and Justin Vlasits, eds. Epistemology After Sextus Empiricus. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190946302.001.0001.

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Pyrrhonian skepticism is defined by its commitment to inquiry. The Greek work skepsis means inquiry—not doubt, or whatever else later forms of skepticism took to be at the core of skeptical philosophy. The book proposes that Sextus Empiricus’s legacy in the history of epistemology is that he developed an epistemology of inquiry. The volume’s authors investigate epistemology after Sextus, both ways in which he has influenced the history of philosophy and ways in which he and the Pyrrhonian tradition he represents ought to contribute to contemporary debates. As a whole, the book aims to (re)inst
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Picardi, Eva. Frege on Language, Logic, and Psychology. Edited by Annalisa Coliva. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862796.001.0001.

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Abstract Eva Picardi has been one of the most influential Italian analytic philosophers of her generation. She taught for forty years at the University of Bologna, raising three generations of students. The present volume is a collection of Picardi’s papers on Frege’s philosophy of logic, language, and psychology. Together, these papers provide a close look at the milieu within which Frege operated and serve to highlight the relevance of his work for contemporary debates, particularly in the philosophy of language. One strand in her work on Frege concerns understanding and contextualizing Freg
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Book chapters on the topic "Bots (logiciels)"

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Priest, Graham. "9. Identity and change: is anything ever the same?" In Logic: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811701.003.0009.

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We all think that objects can survive change, but the opposite can be argued. If a person changes their hairstyle, they are both the same person and a different person. ‘Identity and change: is anything ever the same?’ examines problems arising when things change and the identity of objects that change through time. Any change means that the old object no longer exists and is replaced by a different object. Logicians point to the difference between the object and its properties. Is this a language issue? In English, the verb ‘to be’ and its various grammatical forms can be used to express both
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Ashworth, E. Jennifer. "Logic Teaching at the University of Prague around 1400 A.D." In History of Universities. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199297382.003.0006.

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Abstract This book is largely (45–432) an edition of a Sophistria text that represents logic teaching at the University of Prague around 1400 A.D. While the anonymous author shows few signs of intellectual distinction, both the topics chosen for discussion and the large number of direct references to other logicians make the work a valuable source for those interested in the undergraduate curriculum of the late middle ages. The editor, E.P. Bos, has done an excellent job of presenting the Latin text in as perspicuous a fashion as possible, and has provided the reader with an analysis (8–10) of
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Priest, Graham. "2. Truth functions—or not?" In Logic: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198811701.003.0002.

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We are strongly intuitive about the validity of various inferences. This may or may not be hard-wired into us. Intuition gets us into trouble sometimes. ‘Truth functions—or not?’ plays around with the idea of invalid and valid inferences and, using phrases such as ‘or’ or ‘it is not the case that’, shows that chaining valid inferences together doesn’t necessarily result in an invalid inference. People’s intuition can be misleading. Sentences can be true or false. Gottlob Frege called these truth values. If we assume that every sentence is either true or false, but not both, we can predict the
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Cadeddu, Lucio. "Math and Modernity: Critical Reflections." In Global Modernity from Coloniality to Pandemic. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727457_ch03.

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Besides the birth of new revolutionary concepts and methods, and of new areas of research, mathematicians, logicians, and philosophers have put into question the foundations of the discipline itself and the whole meaning of “mathematical truth.” Before then, at the end of the eighteenth century, mathematics was mainly concerned with explaining the “real world” and its laws. At the beginning of the “modern era” things started to change, sometimes slowly, other times abruptly. Abstract mathematics was no longer intimately related to the real world and its description. This abstract approach, bot
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Wright, Samuel. "Space." In A Time of Novelty. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197568163.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 recovers the contours of the manuscript economy in early modern India for texts in Sanskrit logic. It identifies the “reading community” as the primary unit of this economy. Then, it studies how these reading communities forge values and consumption priorities within themselves and across space; and stresses that the category of the court or polity is not useful in thinking through these issues. Instead, it argues that this space functioned and was sustained not by the court but on the basis of both intellectual and emotional relations between Sanskrit logicians and “the text” as the
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Sienkiewicz, Stefan. "Proof Against Proof:." In Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 61. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864949.003.0007.

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Abstract This paper offers a new reading of the final chapters of Sextus Empiricus’ Against the Logicians (M 8.463–81), arguing against two orthodoxies: (i) that here we have an instance of the sceptic deploying his classic method of equipollence (opposing equally compelling arguments against one another and suspending judgement in light of them); and (ii) that the final argumentative manoeuvre of the sceptic’s is to accept that his arguments against proof eliminate themselves. The paper argues against both: the standard method of equipollence is not in play during the course of the argument a
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"Recent Logical Inquiries and Their Psychological Bearings." In The Basic Writings of Josiah Royce, Volume II, edited by John J. McDermott. Fordham University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823224845.003.0021.

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This introductory chapter discusses recent logical inquiries and their psychological bearings. These logical inquiries refer to two decidedly distinct classes of researches, both of which are receiving much attention today. The first of these two classes include researches directly bearing upon the psychology of the thinking process, and upon the natural history of logical phenomena in general. Such inquiries may be called “logical,” since they are sometimes undertaken by logicians for the sake of their own science, and in any case are suggested by the problems of logic. However, studies of th
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Stefaniak, Nicolas. "Introduction aux statistiques en sciences du langage." In Introduction aux statistiques en sciences du langage. Dunod, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.solie.2023.01.0139.

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Résumé Quand on évoque le traitement des données, R est un logiciel qu’il n’est pas possible d’ignorer. Pour les novices, R suscite des émotions ambivalentes, mêlant une forme d’admiration pour les personnes qui l’utilisent de manière routinière ou un enthousiasme pour maîtriser cet outil permettant un nombre incalculable d’analyses à de l’angoisse et du découragement face à son environnement austère et à ses messages d’erreur. Et si R était bien plus facile que vous ne l’imaginiez ? Ce chapitre va vous montrer que c’est le cas si vous évitez les écueils les plus fréquents auxquels les débutan
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Wilsch, Tobias. "Essence versus Logic." In The Sources of Necessity. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198928492.003.0008.

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Abstract Chapter 5 develops modal logicism and essentialism about modality, and it argues that modal logicism cannot adequately capture modality de re. Its conclusion is that essence, not logic, is the source of absolute necessity, and that the role of logic is merely to transfer necessity. It begins with an argument for the creation-and-propagation view, on which one of essence and logic produces necessity by attaching it to certain facts, and the other one propagates the produced necessity by transferring it to further facts. It then describes both essentialism and logicism as two viable cre
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Tanaka, Koji. "Buddhist logic." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-zb011-1.

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Buddhist philosophers have investigated the techniques and methodologies of debate and argumentation which are important aspects of Buddhist intellectual life. This was particularly the case in India, where Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy originated (see Buddhist philosophy, Indian §4; Epistemology, Indian schools of §1; Knowledge, Indian views of; and Inference, Indian theories of). But these investigations have also engaged philosophers in China, Japan, Korea, and Tibet, and many other parts of the world that have been influenced by Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy (see Buddhist philosophy,
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