Academic literature on the topic 'Bottensug'

Botteng Village in Mamuju, West Sulawesi was known for the high natural background radiation exposure. Botteng Village inhabitants exposed to high natural radiation in their daily life. Radiation exposure can inhibit the mitosis mechanism at various phases. Our previous study revealed that mitotic and nuclear division indexes in Botteng Village inhabitants were lower compared to control samples. To validate our previous study results here we evaluate the binucleate index in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Botteng Village inhabitants. Blood samples were collected from thirteen healthy adult subjects in Botteng Village and thirteen healthy adult subjects in normal background radiation area. Binucleate index was calculated as the proportion of binucleated cell (BNC) in 500 cells for each sample. Our study showed that the BI in Botteng Village was higher compared to control group (23.58 ± 9.60 vs 23.47 ± 6.24). Statistical analysis revealed that the different was not significant (p=0.973). It is possible that the small sample numbers used in this study were not adequate to represent the BI value in Botteng Village inhabitants. This study also showed that there was insignificant difference of BI in respect to gender and age for all samples. Further study using larger sample number should be conducted to ensure the possibility of BI to evaluate the effect of chronic low radiation dose exposure on lymphocytes proliferation.

AbstrakKegiatan penyelidikan umum mineral radioaktif di daerah Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat merupakan tindak lanjut dari hasil pengukuran radioaktivitas lingkungan yang menunjukkan adanya nilai radioaktivitas tinggi. Kandungan mineral radioaktif yang cukup tinggi ditemukan antara lain di Desa Botteng dan Desa Takandeang yang tersusun oleh batuan berkomposisi leusit-basal tetapi karakteristik bawah permukaan daerah ini belum diketahui. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik geologi bawah permukaan, terkait dengan mineralisasi Uranium dan Thorium di daerah Botteng dan Takandeang, pengukuran geofisika menggunakan metode tahanan jenis dan polarisasi terimbas (Induced Polarization/IP) dilakukan. Pengukuran tersebut dilakukan menggunakan konfigurasi Wenner dan dipole-dipole, dimulai dengan pembuatan enam jalur pengukuran, masing-masing tiga jalur: GF/BTGY-01, GF/BTGK-02, dan GF/BTGK-04 di Botteng, dan tiga jalur lainnya: GF/TKDK-01, GF/TKDK-07, dan GF/TKDY-06 di Takandeang. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan memotong arah kemenerusan anomali radiometri permukaan. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan keterdapatan anomali berada pada sebaran batuan autobreksia yang terlihat jelas di lokasi GF/TKDY-6, GF/TKDK-07, dan GF/BTGK-04. Beberapa indikasi mineralisasi di permukaan teridentifikasi di penampang GF/BTGK-02 dan GF/TKDK-01, dicirikan dengan anomali-anomali chargeabilitas >25,14 ms di lintasan GF/BTGK-02 dan 81,4 ms di GF/TKDK-01. Anomali yang signifikan direkomendasikan sebagai lokasi pemboran. AbstractThe general investigation activities of radioactive minerals in Mamuju Area, West Sulawesi is a respon of the environmental radioactivity measurement result, which shows the existence of high radioactivity value. High radioactive mineral content found in Botteng and Takandeang Villages. From the outcrops, they composed of leucite-basalt rocks; meanwhile the subsurface characteristics of this area are unknown. To characterize the subsurface geology, related to uranium and thorium mineralization in Botteng and Takandeang area, geophysical measurement conducted using resistivity and Induced Polarization (IP) methods. The measurements carried out using Wenner and dipole-dipole configurations. The measurements started with the creation of six measurement paths where three lines: GF/BTGY-01, GF/BTGK-02, and GF/BTGK-04 are in Botteng and three other lines: GF/TKDK-01, GF/TKDK-07 and, GF/TKDY-06 are in Takandeang. Measurements conducted by crossing the surface radiometric anomaly distribution. The result showed anomaly occurences on autobreccia distribution in GF/TKDY-6, GF/TKDK-07, and GF/BTGK-04 locations. Several mineralization indication on surface identified in GF/BTGK-0, and GF/TKDK-01 sections, charaterized by chargeability anomalies more than 25.14 ms and 81.4 ms respectively. All significant anomalies are recomended as drilling location.

ABSTRAK Mamuju merupakan daerah yang memiliki nilai laju dosis radiasi (radioaktifitas) tinggi. Daerah penelitian terdiri dari 6 sektor yaitu Sektor Ahu, Orobatu, Takandeang, Botteng, Pangasaan, dan Taan. Variasi batuan pada daerah penelitian tidak mencerminkan distribusi uranium, sehingga diperlukan metode geokimia untuk mengetahui distribusi uranium pada sistem drainase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mobilitas dan distribusi uranium pada sistem drainase dengan menggunakan sampel sedimen sungai aktif. Analisis mobilitas uranium menggunakan persen labil yang didapatkan dari perbandingan uranium total dan uranium labil. Nilai uranium total didapatkan dari pengukuran X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry dan nilai uranium labil didapatkan dari pengukuran labile fluorimetry. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 4 lokasi potensial berdasarkan data radiometri. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Sektor Ahu memiliki nilai anomali uranium labil >113,44 ppm, Sektor Pangasaan dengan nilai anomali uranium labil >168,63 ppm, Sektor Takandeang dengan nilai anomali uranium labil >74,36 ppm, dan Sektor Botteng dengan nilai anomali uranium labil >84,23 ppm. Tipe anomali yang teridentifikasi pada dua sektor, yaitu anomali pada sektor Ahu berhubungan dengan presipitasi hidrolisat uranium terlarut pada endapan sungai dari lava Ahu dan breksi Tapalang, sementara anomali pada Sektor Takandeang berhubungan dengan pengayaan permukaan uranium in situ pada tanah dan batuan lava Takandeang. ABSTRACT Mamuju is an area that has a high dose rate (radioactivity) value. The research area consists of 6 sectors namely Ahu, Orobatu, Takandeang, Botteng, Pangasaan, and Taan Sector. Lithological distribution does not represent the distribution of uranium; therefore geochemical method is needed to observe the distribution of uranium in the drainage system. The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the mobility and distribution of uranium in the drainage system using stream sediment. Uranium mobility analysis uses labile percent obtained from the ratio of total uranium and labile uranium, the total uranium value obtained from the measurement of X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry and the value of labile uranium obtained from measurement of labile fluorimetry. The sample taken from 4 potential areas based on radiometric value Map. The result of analysis shows that Ahu Sector has labile uranium anomaly >113.44 ppm, Pangasaan Sector with labile uranium anomaly >168.63 ppm, Takandeang Sector with uranium labile anomaly values >74.36 ppm, and Botteng Sector with uranium labile anomaly >84.23 ppm. The anomaly types identified from two sectors, namely Ahu Sector anomaly is related to the precipitation of dissolved uranium hydrolysates in stream deposit originating from Ahu lava and Tapalang breccia, while Takandeang Sector anomaly is related to the enrichment of in situ uranium in soil and Takandeang lava.

Daerah Mamuju dan sekitarnya umumnya disusun oleh batuan gunung api. Batuan sedimen vulkanoklastik dan batugamping berada di atas batuan gunung api. Aktivitas gunung api membentuk beberapa morfologi unik seperti kawah, kubah lava, dan jalur hembusan piroklastika sebagai produknya. Produk tersebut diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter bentuk-bentuk melingkar di citra Landsat-8. Hasil koreksi geometrik dan atmosferik, interpretasi visual pada citra Landsat-8 dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur, geomorfologi, dan kondisi geologi daerah tersebut. Struktur geologi regional menunjukkan kecenderungan arah tenggara – baratlaut yang mempengaruhi pembentukan gunung api Adang. Geomorfologi daerah tersebut diklasifikasikan menjadi 16 satuan geomorfologi berdasarkan aspek genetisnya, yaitu punggungan blok sesar Sumare, punggungan kuesta Mamuju, kawah erupsi Adang, kawah erupsi Labuhan Ranau, kawah erupsi Sumare, kerucut gunung api Ampalas, kubah lava Adang, bukit intrusi Labuhan Ranau, punggungan aliran piroklastik Adang, punggungan aliran piroklastik Sumare, perbukitan sisa gunung api Adang, perbukitan sisa gunung api Malunda, perbukitan sisa gunung api Talaya, perbukitan karst Tapalang, dan dataran aluvial Mamuju, dataran teras terumbu Karampuang. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi citra Landsat-8 dan konfirmasi lapangan, geologi daerah Mamuju dibagi menjadi batuan gunung api dan batuan sedimen. Batuan gunung api terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu Kompleks Talaya dan Kompleks Mamuju. Kompleks Talaya terdiri atas batuan gunung api Mambi, Malunda, dan Kalukku berkomposisi andesit, sementara Kompleks Mamuju terdiri atas batuan gunung api Botteng, Ahu, Tapalang, Adang, Ampalas, Sumare, dan Labuhan Ranau berkomposisi andesit sampai basal leusit. Vulkanostratigrafi daerah ini disusun berdasarkan analisis struktur, geomorfologi, dan distribusi litologi. Vulkanostratigrafi daerah Mamuju diklasifikasikan ke dalam Khuluk Talaya dan Khuluk Adang. Khuluk Talaya terdiri atas Gumuk Mambi, Gumuk Malunda, dan Gumuk Kalukku. Khuluk Mamuju terdiri atas Gumuk Botteng, Gumuk Ahu, Gumuk Tapalang, Gumuk Adang, Gumuk Ampalas, Gumuk Sumare, dan Gumuk Labuhan Ranau. Mamuju and its surrounding area are constructed mainly by volcanic rocks. Volcanoclastic sedimentary rocks and limestones are laid above the volcanic rocks. Volcanic activities create some unique morphologies such as craters, lava domes, and pyroclastic flow paths as their volcanic products. These products are identified from their circular features characters on Landsat-8 imagery. After geometric and atmospheric corrections had been done, a visual interpretation on Landsat-8 imagery was conducted to identify structure, geomorphology, and geological condition of the area. Regional geological structures show trend to southeast – northwest direction which is affects the formation of Adang volcano. Geomorphology of the area are classified into 16 geomorphology units based on their genetic aspects, i.e Sumare fault block ridge, Mamuju cuesta ridge, Adang eruption crater, Labuhan Ranau eruption crater, Sumare eruption crater, Ampalas volcanic cone, Adang lava dome, Labuhan Ranau intrusion hill, Adang pyroclastic flow ridge, Sumare pyroclastic flow ridge, Adang volcanic remnant hills, Malunda volcanic remnant hills, Talaya volcanic remnant hills, Tapalang karst hills, Mamuju alluvium plains, and Karampuang reef terrace plains. Based on the Landsat-8 imagery interpretation result and field confirmation, the geology of Mamuju area is divided into volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. There are two groups of volcanic rocks; Talaya complex and Mamuju complex. The Talaya complex consists of Mambi, Malunda, and Kalukku volcanic rocks with andesitic composition, while Mamuju complex consist of Botteng, Ahu, Tapalang, Adang, Ampalas, Sumare, danLabuhanRanau volcanic rocks with andesite to leucitic basalt composition. The volcanostratigraphy of Mamuju area was constructed based on its structure, geomorphology and lithology distribution analysis. Volcanostratigraphy of Mamuju area is classified into Khuluk Talaya and Khuluk Mamuju. The Khuluk Talaya consists of Gumuk Mambi, Gumuk Malunda, and Gumuk Kalukku, while Khuluk Mamuju consists of Gumuk Botteng, Gumuk Ahu, Gumuk Tapalang, Gumuk Adang, Gumuk Ampalas, Gumuk Sumare, and Gumuk Labuhan Ranau.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts hos Weda AB gällande deras bottensug B600. Syftet med projektet har varit att åstadkomma en ökning av robotens automationsgrad för att eliminera behovet av övervakning och samtidigt minska robotens operationstid per rengöringscykel. För att öka automationsgraden har en kursavvikelse, som uppkommer i samband med robotens övergång från poolens djupa del till dess grunda del, undersökts. Fokus har legat på att minska denna avvikelse genom att ta fram ett mekaniskt tillbehör som enkelt kan monteras på roboten. Två stycken iterationer av prototypen har tillverkats och testats. Den andra iterationen kunde inte validera lösningen på grund av oförutsedda problem. En tredje iteration har som resultat av detta teoretiskt föreslagits med syfte att lösa dessa problem för att kunna validera konceptets verkan. Fortsatt testning av den tredje iterationen kommer därmed att vara avgörande för ifall konceptet som helhet fungerar som tänkt.<br>This thesis has been carried out at Weda AB regarding their bottom suction robot B600. The purpose of the project has been to achieve an increase in the robot's degree of automation to eliminate the need for monitoring and at the same time reduce the robot's operating time per cleaning cycle. To increase the degree of automation, a deviation of the course that occurs in connection with the robot's transition from the deep part of the pool to its shallow part has been investigated. The focus has been on reducing this deviation by developing a mechanical accessory that can be easily mounted on the robot. Two iterations of the prototype have been manufactured and tested. The second iteration could not validate the solution due to unforeseen problems. As a result, a third iteration has been theoretically proposed with the aim of solving these problems. Continued testing of the third iteration will thus be decisive for whether the concept as a whole will work as intended.