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Syed, Hidayath Ulla, and Shamnath Thajuddin. "Bottleneck improvement using simulation based optimization." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-32721.
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Manufacturing companies are constantly looking for new, innovative technologies andtools to find out the real constraints and bottlenecks that impede the performance oftheir production systems. There are several approaches and methods that have beendeveloping from decades to overcome these constraints of production processes butthey are not sufficient to pinpoint the exact location and its severity. They also generallyfall short to suggest the way to implement the right actions in the right order, to avoidsub-optimizations and wastes in time and expenses. So according to recent research inusing simulation based optimization, it is believed that some more accurate and efficientmethodology for supporting decision making in production systems development andimprovement is badly needed. SCORE (Simulation-based Constraint Removal) is apromising methodology for identifying and ranking the bottlenecks of productionsystems that utilizes simulation-based multi-objective optimization (SMO), which wasdeveloped by Pehrsson (2013) as a part of his PhD work. The main principle of thisnew methodology is the application of SMO with the objectives to maximize thethroughput and minimize the number of required improvement actions simultaneously.Additionally, by using post-optimality analysis to process the generated optimizationdataset, the precise improvement actions needed to attain a certain level of performanceof the production line are automatically put into a rank order. The main aim of thisproject is therefore to apply this new technique in a real-world context, in order tounderstand how far this technique will support for decision making, by conducting asimulation-based bottleneck analysis in one of the major Volvo group trucks facilities.This is to find out the bottlenecks and optimize it in order to increase the overallproductivity. Three research questions related to the effectiveness and accuracy of themethodology will be answered through this real-world application study.(STREAMOD)Streamline modeling and Decision support for Facts based Production development
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Leung, Pak-kin Richard, and 梁柏堅. "Bottleneck problems in combinatorics and optimization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128638.
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Leung, Pak-kin Richard. "Bottleneck problems in combinatorics and optimization." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128638.
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Galindo, Aranda Patricia Cristina. "Bottleneck analysis using reverse-score : An experimental study." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17327.
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There are manufacturing systems all over the world and all of them present dif- ferent characteristics. To get close to those manufacturing systems and aid them to analyze data and improve their efficiency, it arises FACTS Analyzer®. The present project concerns the development of a bottleneck analysis using REVERSE- SCORE (Simulation based COnstraint REmoval), feature included in FACTS Ana- lyzer. It is used Simulation-based Multi-Objective Optimization (SMO) to ana- lyze the different variables of a production line and investigate how to best extend previous application of SMO for bottleneck detection to not only consider im- provements of system parameters but also degradations of them. Degrading some system parameters can have many hidden advantages such as reduce power con- sumption, increase material efficiency or lengthen the useful life of the machines or tools, advantages that can draw near sustainability.
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Speier, Guy. "An application to provide UNIX performance analysis, bottleneck determination and resolution /." Connect to online version of: Application to provide UNIX performance analysis, bottleneck determination and resolution, 2005. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/21449.
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Madeleine, Thour. "BOTTLENECK ANALYSIS AND THROUGHPUT IMPROVEMENT THROUGH SIMULATION-BASED MULTI OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10771.
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Every production system has its constraints. Ever since Goldratt presented the theory of constraints in the mid 80’s a lot of effort has been made to find the best methods for constraint identification and ways to minimize the constraints in order to gain higher capacity in production. A novel method presented is Simulation-based COnstraint Removal (SCORE). The SCORE method has been proved to be more effective and detailed in the identification and sorting of the constraints when compared with other bottleneck detection methods (Pehrsson 2013). The work in this bachelor’s project has been focused on applying the method to a complex production system in order to further explore the SCORE method’s ability to identify bottlenecks and reveal opportunities to increase the throughput of a production system. NorthStar Battery Company (NSB) wishes to perform a bottleneck analysis and optimization in order to find improvements to increase the throughput with 10%. By using the SCORE method, improvement options with a potential to meet the goals of NSB was identified. It also facilitated for the author to further exploit the possibilities of simulation-based optimization and knowledge extraction through the SCORE method. By building a valid discrete event simulation model of the production line and use it for optimization, followed by a knowledge extraction, it was possible to identify the top three constraints and the level of improvement needed in the constraining operations. The identified improvements could potentially increase the throughput of the production line by 10-15 percent. The project was delimited to exclude the finishing part of the production line and only one battery variant has been included. Through continued work and analysis of the line using the SCORE method it will most likely be possible to even further increase the throughput of the production system and to provide NSB with more knowledge and opportunities to enhance their production effectiveness.
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Ekberg, Marie. "Sensitivity analysis of optimization : Examining sensitivity of bottleneck optimization to input data models." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12624.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine optimization sensitivity in SCORE to the accuracy of particular input data models used in a simulation model of a production line. The purpose is to evaluate if it is sufficient to model input data using sample mean and default distributions instead of fitted distributions. An existing production line has been modeled for the simulation study. SCORE is based on maximizing any key performance measure of the production line while simultaneously minimizing the number of improvements necessary to achieve maximum performance. The sensitivity to the input models should become apparent the more changes required. The experiments concluded that the optimization struggles to obtain convergence when fitted distribution models were used. Configuring the input parameters to the optimization might yield better optimization result. The final conclusion is that the optimization is sensitive to what input data models are used in the simulation model.
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MAHADEVAN, SANGEETHA. "AUTOMATED SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS METRICS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092952160.
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Bai, Linxue. "Speech analysis using very low-dimensional bottleneck features and phone-class dependent neural networks." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8137/.
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The first part of this thesis focuses on very low-dimensional bottleneck features (BNFs), extracted from deep neural networks (DNNs) for speech analysis and recognition. Very low-dimensional BNFs are analysed in terms of their capability of representing speech and their suitability for modelling speech dynamics. Nine-dimensional BNFs obtained from a phone discrimination DNN are shown to give comparable phone recognition accuracy to 39-dimensional MFCCs, and an average of 34% higher phone recognition accuracy than formant-based features of the same dimensions. They also preserve the trajectory continuity well and thus hold promise for modelling speech dynamics. Visualisations and interpretations of the BNFs are presented, with phonetically motivated studies of the strategies that DNNs employ to create these features. The relationships between BNF representations resulting from different initialisations of DNNs are explored. The second part of this thesis considers BNFs from the perspective of feature extraction. It is motivated by the observation that different types of speech sounds lend themselves to different acoustic analysis, and that the mapping from spectra-in-context to phone posterior probabilities implemented by the DNN is a continuous approximation to a discontinuous function. This suggests that it may be advantageous to replace the single DNN with a set of phone class dependent DNNs. In this case, the appropriate mathematical structure is a manifold. It is shown that this approach leads to significant improvements in frame level phone classification accuracy.
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Castrillon, Felipe. "Theoretical analysis of the effects of bus operations on urban corridors and networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54349.
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Bus systems have a large passenger capacity when compared to personal vehicles and thus have the potential to improve urban mobility. However, buses that operate in mixed vehicle traffic can undermine the effectiveness of the road system as they travel at lower speeds, take longer to accelerate and stop frequently to board and alight passengers. In traffic flow theory, buses are known as slow-moving bottlenecks that have the potential to create queue-spillbacks and thus increase the probability of gridlock. Currently, traditional metropolitan transportation planning models do not account for these negative effects on roadway capacity. Also, research methods that study multimodal operations are often simulated or algorithmic which can only provide specific results for defined inputs.
The objective of this research is to model and understand the effects of bus operations (e.g., headway, number of stops, number of routes) on system performance (e.g. urban corridor and network vehicular capacity) using a parsimonious analytical approach with a few parameters.The models are built using the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) of traffic which provides aggregate measures of vehicle density and flow. Existing MFD theory, which accounts for corridors with only one vehicle class are extended to include network roadway systems and bus operations. The results indicate that buses have two major effects on corridors: the moving bottleneck and the bus short-block effect. Also, these corridor effects are expanded to urban networks through a vehicle density-weighted average. The models have the potential to transform urban multimodal operations and management as they provide a simple tool to capture aggregate performance of transportation systems.
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Sürek, Kevin, and Daniel Taxén. "Attempting to diffract in-game factions : An analysis of the lack of innovation regarding conflict-driven coalitions." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16949.
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This Bachelor thesis reviews the concept of non-innovative faction groups in digital games and the cause and effect of such systems. The paper goes into detail on what diffractions are available to developers when creating a faction driven game. It also illuminates the need to be aware of consequences of small details in a big picture. It will outline what types of faction systems in games that can be argued to be outdated and repeated, and why such a thing can prove detrimental to the development of future games and to developers. The necessity of these design choices of factions will be outlined through design fundamentals regarding games, as well as through research of strategy games and how they employ factions through their semi-historical inspiration sources. The functionality of those design choices will be considered through heuristic evaluation and then determined what key components are necessary to the overall gameplay of such games. Gamemaker will also be discussed as a means of creating these systems in games and the limitations and opportunities presented by using that programming software.
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Mulkijanyan, Nina. "Evaluation Procedure for QoS of Short Message Service : International SMS Route Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49828.
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Due to its ubiquitous availability, Short Message Service (SMS), first introduced in the 1980s, became not only the most popular way of communication, but also stimulated the development of SMS-based value added services. This application-to-person traffic is delivered to end users through SMS aggregators who provide the link between service providers and mobile carriers. In order to perform optimal traffic routing, the aggregators need to estimate the quality of each potential international route to the specified destination. The evaluation criteria include end-to-end delivery time, as well as correct verification of delivered data. This thesis suggests a method of quality of service (QoS) assessment for international SMS service which combines two types of tests, end-to-end delay measurements and various verification tests. A prototype of the testing system for international SMS service was developed to generate SMS traffic, collect and analyze results, and evaluate the experienced QoS of the SMS route used in accordance with the proposed approach. As a part of end-to- end delay measurement tests, SMS traffic was sent to Singtel network in Singapore along two routes. The verification tests were executed via different routes to two mobile networks: Singtel and Tele2 (Sweden). The results of the performed measurements determined the route with the highest QoS, i.e. the one with bigger bottleneck bandwidth and lower data loss rate. The prototype of the SMS testing system can be used by SMS aggregators to verify delivery of a SMS message, check the integrity of the message, figure out interconnection type of the route supplier with the destination carrier and to identify the presence of load balancers in the path. The prototype also makes it possible to compare end-to-end delay times of several routes and compute bottleneck values for each of the tested routes.
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Nymberg, Joakim. "Using Network Attached Storage for IP-Surveillance : Bottleneck analysis and developing a method for testing Network Attached Storage performance for IP-surveillance." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-24036.
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IP-surveillance systems are surveillance systems designed to send video and audio over IP-networks, to be able to function a typical system consist of IP-cameras to record footage, a client to view footage and recordings, network hardware to send the data, protocols to administer storage and viewing operations and last but not least a location to store the captured data. One of the options for storing surveillance video is to use a Network Attached Storage. Axis has received customer cases reporting lost footage and cameras losing their connection when using NAS-devices as storage in IP-surveillance systems. This thesis aims to investigate what a NAS is and how it interacts with cameras in an IP-surveillance environment by analyzing the protocols and components being used and by performing experiments to locate the system bottleneck causing these problems. After concluding that the hard disk drive was the bottleneck because of the overload imposed on the other components by the incoming data traffic and how data is moved and temporarily stored in a system. Recommendations of possible ways to remedy these problems were suggested with the proposed problem of solving the bottleneck problem was to add more disks to improve performance, this was the second aim of the thesis, which sadly was not possible because of the 2-bay NAS systems being used in the tests. The third and final aim was to establish and develop method guidelines for testing NAS-systems. This was done by using previous research in the area and using data encountered when trying to locate the bottleneck.
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Josephs, Randall Evan. "Lack of polymorphism suggests a recent bottleneck of Aloidendron pillansii: Exploration into the population of Aloidendron pillansii from phylogeographical analysis of molecular data." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12769.
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Includes bibliographical references.The Karoo-Namib is a species rich region in which many iconic and keystone species are found, such as Aloe pillansii. The recent population history of A.pillansii is poorly understood. However the suggested climatic shifts that occurred throughout the Holocene era may have affected its distribution, demographics and gene flow. The glacial/interglacial refugia hypothesis predicts that the southernmost population served as a refuge population and that the subsequent expansion of the population was to the north in concert with the northward expansion of the winter rainfall regime. I evaluated this hypothesis by linking the molecular data (cpDNA and nDNA) of 84 individuals from three main populations with phylogeographical techniques. Based on the combination of percentage of mutations percentage per million years range and the chloroplast sequences, it has been estimated that the time of divergences was between 3.45 to 16.67 million years ago. The molecular analysis identified a significant lack of genetic diversity within and among the three dominant populations of A.pillansii. This suggests that the species experienced a severe bottleneck event prior to its recent expansion that has been suggested to have occurred within the time frame of 100 to 1000 years ago. This pattern is compared with its sister taxa Aloe dichtotma, which possesses variation within and among its populations. The lack of genetic variation evident within A. pillansii leaves it vulnerable to future climate shifts as low genetic variation within a species lowers the ability of that species to adapt to both environmental and climatic changes. This thesis has provided a brief insight into the population history of A.pillansii, but further research is needed.
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Janardanan, Sruthy. "Explorative bioinformatic analysis of cardiomyocytes in 2D &3D in vitro culture system." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20487.
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The in vitro cell culture models of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have gained a predominant value in the field of drug discovery and is considered an attractive tool for cardiovascular disease modellings. However, despite several reports of different protocols for the hPSC-differentiation into CMs, the development of an efficient, controlled and reproducible 3D differentiation remains challenging. The main aim of this research study was to understand the changes in the gene expression as an impact of spatial orientation ofhPSC-derived CMs in 2D(two-dimensional) and 3D(three-dimensional) culture conditions and to identify the topologically important Hub and Hub-Bottleneck proteins using centrality measures to gain new knowledge for standardizing the pre-clinical models for the regeneration of CMs. The above-mentioned aim was achieved through an extensive bioinformatic analysis on the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Functional annotation analysis of the DEGs from both 2D and 3D was performed using Cytoscape plug-in ClueGO. Followed by the topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) using two centrality parameters; Degree and Betweeness in Cytoscape plug-in CenTiScaPe. The results obtained revealed that compared to 2D, DEGs in 3D are primarily associated with cell signalling suggesting the interaction between cells as an impact of the 3D microenvironment and topological analysis revealed 32 and 39 proteins as Hub and Hub-Bottleneck proteins, respectively in 3D indicating the possibility of utilizing those identified genes and their corresponding proteins as cardiac disease biomarkers in future by further research.
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Ibidunmoye, Olumuyiwa. "Performance problem diagnosis in cloud infrastructures." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120287.
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Cloud datacenters comprise hundreds or thousands of disparate application services, each having stringent performance and availability requirements, sharing a finite set of heterogeneous hardware and software resources. The implication of such complex environment is that the occurrence of performance problems, such as slow application response and unplanned downtimes, has become a norm rather than exception resulting in decreased revenue, damaged reputation, and huge human-effort in diagnosis. Though causes can be as varied as application issues (e.g. bugs), machine-level failures (e.g. faulty server), and operator errors (e.g. mis-configurations), recent studies have attributed capacity-related issues, such as resource shortage and contention, as the cause of most performance problems on the Internet today. As cloud datacenters become increasingly autonomous there is need for automated performance diagnosis systems that can adapt their operation to reflect the changing workload and topology in the infrastructure. In particular, such systems should be able to detect anomalous performance events, uncover manifestations of capacity bottlenecks, localize actual root-cause(s), and possibly suggest or actuate corrections. This thesis investigates approaches for diagnosing performance problems in cloud infrastructures. We present the outcome of an extensive survey of existing research contributions addressing performance diagnosis in diverse systems domains. We also present models and algorithms for detecting anomalies in real-time application performance and identification of anomalous datacenter resources based on operational metrics and spatial dependency across datacenter components. Empirical evaluations of our approaches shows how they can be used to improve end-user experience, service assurance and support root-cause analysis.Cloud Control (C0590801)
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Samadi, Dezfouli Sahba. "Who is left out? : Hidden Patterns of Birth Under-registration; A Case Study about Iran." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60322.
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Universal full coverage of birth registration by 2030 is one of the sustainable development targets which itself is of great significance for the accomplishment of many development goals such as poverty eradication, inclusion, as well as improvement of several health factors. Despite the importance of this topic, not much academic attention has been paid to study the problem of birth under-registration from the perspective of development studies. This research studies the issue of birth under-registration through a case study of Iran. The four main questions of this research are the quantitative significance of the problem, the main causes of birth under-registration, the most affected social groups, and the main problematic domain of action, in the context of Iran. By utilizing an abductive content analysis method, this research aims to understand the problem, rather than proposing policy recommendations. This desk study uses secondary sources and almost all of the sources are of qualitative nature. It is not based on any pre-defined theory and therefore does not aim to generalize nor theorize the findings. It, however, is based on available theories for developing the analytical framework. The adopted analytical framework is Bottleneck analysis which is a method designed by UNICEF specifically for the purpose of birth registration programming and policy evaluation. Birth under-registration in Iran - compared to other countries in the region - turned out to be very low. The findings provide information on many good practices regarding birth registration programming and also about several areas in need of improvement in Iran. By applying the analytical framework to the findings, identified disincentives have been categorized in three domains of supply, demand, and enabling environment, and the significance of disincentives in each domain has been assessed. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that almost all of the main causes of birth registration are of legal nature, especially patriarchal nationality laws. Also, it was found that the main risk groups were children of illegal immigrants, non-nationals, and unregistered parents, and the main problematic domain is found to be the domain of supply.
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Östlund, Hugo. "Kapcitetsanalys i Emballeringen : Emballeringslinjen: Kapacitetsanalys och flödesåtgärder inför potentiellproduktionsökning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85498.
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This project was implemented during spring 2021 as a bachelor thesis for the Bachelor Engineering Program in Mechanical Engineering at Karlstads University. The project wascarried out in collaboration with Stora Enso Skoghall Mill, which produces different types of cardboard material. In 2020, the overall production capacity was 875 000 tons of cardboard material. In November 2020 Skoghall Mill was authorized to precede an investigation regarding a possible production increase, which would result in a self-sufficient pulp production and an increase of 120 000 tons cardboard material per year. The cardboard is winded into rolls before they are being transported to the customers. Before the transportation, the reels are given a protecting wrapping. This procedure occurs in a production segment called the Wrapping Line, which is a part of the Finishing Department. The Wrapping Line is one of the production areas that would be affected by a potential increase of production. Therefore, the responsible of the unit wanted to examine if the Wrapping Linehad enough capacity for a potential increase of this size. The purpose of this paper was to carry out a capacity analysis for the line, identify bottlenecks in the flow and to present arrangements to make the production line more effective. Furthermore, an additional purpose was to identify how long the maintenance stops could beif the potential production increase is approved. The capacity analysis was carried out using a simulation software called JaamSim. A model of the existing system was built in JaamSim, which afterwards was analyzed. The capacity analysis showed that Emballeringen has the needed capacity if the production increase isapproved. The capacity analysis also displayed the possible length of maintenance stops. Arrangements in flow was presented and prioritized so that the capacity in the Wrapping Linewould increase further.
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Nyström, Anton, and David Hellberg. "The applicability of modelling and simulation : A case study within the medical device industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413557.
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The medical device industry has for a long time lagged behind other industries in terms of adopting new tools for process improvements. Despite showing promising results from various industries, some more heavily regulated than others, modelling and simulation has not yet gained traction within the medical device industry for performing production improvements. The industry has instead relied upon proven improvement philosophies which are believed to generate a desirable outcome. With the purpose of investigating how this novel tool can be combined with current improvement efforts as well as understanding why it has not yet been accepted, a case study was conducted at the Uppsala facility of Johnson & Johnson Vision. A mixed methodological approach was used, where quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed in combination. Semi-structured interviews and structed observations provided empirical evidence for a thematic analysis and a simulation-based bottleneck analysis. Rather than proving that a simulation-based bottleneck was possible in this particular setting, it was used to confirm its applicability in combination with other tools and improvement philosophies. The study concludes that the issue is not strictly related to the use of modelling and simulation but is rather related to the reactive mind-set which has become a consequence of the rigorous regulatory landscape that the industry is encompassed by.
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Janec, Jiří. "Návrh eliminace ztrát při výrobě feritových jader." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223943.
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The topic of this thesis is to optimize the production process of ferrite cores in the company Epcos, Ltd. The work is divided into theoretical, analytical and design part. The first part of the thesis contains theoretical knowledge within the field of lean manufacturing, process mapping and mapping value streams. Based on these findings is determined the theoretical basis for the processing of other parts of the thesis. The aim of the analytical part of the analysis is to map the current state of the manufacturing process, finding bottlenecks, evaluating the results of analysis of the current state, which will be used for the design part of the thesis, to develop proposals for optimizing production bottlenecks and evaluate their contribution.
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Bergström, Jesper, and Rickard Karlsson. "Flödesoptimering i begränsande resurs." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18663.
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Most companies have a bottleneck in their production, that is a constraining re-source. When the demand is higher than the capacity in the constraining resource it is impossible to produce the demanded output. This problem leads to delayed deliveries, unhappy customers and ultimately to decreased revenue. Bottlenecks therefore has a significant role in production and must be handled thereof.MW Power in Sävsjö, Sweden designs and manufactures water and steam boilers for the customer's unique needs. MW Power invested in a new plasma cutting ma-chine but the machine has not reached the expected capacity. The capacity prob-lem is due to time consuming set-up times, machine care and material supply which makes the plasma cutting machines utilization rate 37.5 %.The study’s purpose aims to maximize the material flow through the plasma cut-ting machine. In order to answer the purpose, two thesis questions are used: “How can increased machine time in the plasma cutting machine be achieved?” and “How can the ma-terial flow to and from the plasma cutting machine be improved so that the actual capacity can be increased?”To answer the thesis questions, the study had a deductive approach in which ex-isting theories has been applied to real life case.In order to streamline the plasma cutting machine and the processes directly re-lated to it, the material flow upstream, the material flow through and the material flow downstream of the plasma cutting machine has been mapped and analyzed. In order to maximize the flow of material through the plasma cutting machine, setup times must be reduced to increase the capacity.The plasma cutting machine requires maintenance by the operator at regular basis where the nozzles and other consumables in the plasma cutting machine burner must be replaced. A SMED-analysis has been undertaken which shows that the internal set-up operations should be converted to external set-up operations. Re-placement of nozzles and consumables should be an external set-up operation and this can be achieved by purchasing more burners.The plasma cutting machine also has access to unmanned production which will be able to increase the capacity, since it can be running after hours.The material flow upstream and downstream must be improved through better planning of cutting orders and with a more efficient return flow. Prioritizing mate-rial supply to the constraining resource is crucial to secure that material shortages do not occur in the plasma cutting machine.If the study proposed measures are implemented, the material flow through the plasma cutting machine will be maximized.De flesta företag har en flaskhals i sin produktion, alltså en begränsande resurs. När efterfrågan är större än kapaciteten hos den begränsande resursen kan den mängd output som efterfrågas ej levereras. Detta leder till försenade leveranser, missnöjda kunder och i förlängningen till minskade intäkter. Flaskhalsar har därför en betydande roll inom produktion och måste därför hanteras.Företaget MW Power i Sävsjö konstruerar och tillverkar kundanpassade ång- och hetvattenpannor. Företaget har investerat i en ny plasmaskärmaskin som inte har nått förväntad kapacitet. Problemen är bl.a. att ställ, maskinvård och materialtill-försel tar lång tid vilket gör att plasmaskärmaskinens utnyttjandegrad endast är 37,5 %.Syftet med studien är att maximera materialflödet genom plasmaskärmaskinen. För att uppfylla syftet kan detta brytas ner i två problemfrågor. Dessa är; Hur kan maskintiden i plasmaskärmaskinen ökas? samt Hur kan materialflödet till och från plasma-skärmaskinen förbättras så att utnyttjandet av den verkliga kapaciteten ökas?För att svara på problemfrågorna har studien haft en deduktiv ansats där befintliga teorier genom litteraturstudier tagits fram för att sedan applicerats på verkligheten.För att kunna effektivisera plasmaskärmaskinen och processer direkt anknutna till denna har materialflödet uppströms, materialflödet genom och materialflödet ned-ströms från plasmaskärmaskinen kartlagts och analyserats.För att maximera materialflödet genom plasmaskärmaskinen måste ställtider minskas för att kunna öka utnyttjandegraden och därmed nyttokapaciteten.Plasmaskärmaskinen kräver underhåll av operatören vid jämna mellanrum där munstycken och andra slitagedelar i plasmaskärmaskinens brännare måste bytas ut. En SMED-analys har genomförts där det framgår att interna ställ bör göras om till externa ställ. Byte av munstycken och andra slitagedelar är idag ett internt ställ vilket kan göras om till ett externt ställ genom att köpa in fler brännare.Plasmaskärmaskinen har även tillgång till obemannad styrning vilket kommer kunna öka nyttokapaciteten eftersom den då kan vara igång utanför ordinarie ar-betstid.Materialflödet uppströms och nedströms måste effektiviseras genom bättre plane-ring av skärordrar och ett effektivare och minskat returflöde samt genom att prio-ritera materialtillförseln så att materialbrist ej uppstår i plasmaskärmaskinen.Om studien föreslagna åtgärder genomförs kommer materialflödet genom plasma-skärmaskinen att maximeras.
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Bergman, Sanne. "Genetic analysis of the otter population (Lutra lutra) in Kristianstad’s Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve, Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17725.
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During the past century the Swedish otter (Lutra lutra) population showed a rapid decline in abundance and genetic diversity. Among the most affected areas was the southern province of Skåne. After prohibiting hunting of otters and banning harmful pollutants like PCB, Swedish populations slowly recovered. To some areas the otter returned late, like Kristianstad in north-eastern Skåne. Here, the River Helge å enters Kristianstad’s Vattenrike, Biosphere Reserve and forms a biodiverse wetland. By 2011, otters had established once more along the river. In recent years, a female otter with cubs have appeared outside Vattenriket visitor’s centre “naturum”, to the joy of inhabitants and visitors. In Kristianstad, otters have become a recurring winter attraction. However, not much is known about this new population. For assessment of abundance and genetic diversity, microsatellite variation was investigated among now-living individuals from eleven sites in the Biosphere reserve, and stored museum samples from ten otters with origins in North-eastern Skåne. Using a non-invasive methodology, investigated DNA was extracted from faeces and muscle tissue from dead individuals. Multiple replicate screening was performed to detect errors in genotyping procedures. Results show the presence of three now-living individuals (two males and one female). Now-living otters and museum specimens from north-eastern Skåne were not closely related. Sampled individuals show Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, but their heterozygosity is very low. Results suggest that, even though some individuals may remain undetected, low admixture of new genes may be a cause for concern. For long-term protection and management in Kristianstad’s Vattenrike, Biosphere Reserve, further knowledge is needed about our new and precious otter population.Den svenska utterstammen (Lutra lutra) genomgick drastiska populationsminskningar under mitten av 1900-talet. Minskningen ledde till en förlust av genetisk diversitet i många områden, och bland de värst drabbade var Skåne. Uttern blev fredad från jakt och ett förbud mot det skadliga miljögiftet PCB infördes, vilket skapade förutsättningar för utterpopulationen i Sverige att långsamt återhämta sig i antal. Men uttern återvände sent till vissa områden, som Kristianstad i Nordöstra Skåne. Genom staden Kristianstad rinner Helge å, som formar vidsträckta, artrika våtmarker i Biosfärområde Kristianstads Vattenrike. Uttern visade inga tecken på återkomst till området förrän 2011. De senaste åren har en utterhona med ungar regelbundet visat sig vid besökscentret ”naturum”, till glädje för stadens invånare och besökare. Uttrarna har blivit en återkommande vinterattraktion i Kristianstad. Men kunskapen om den nya populationen är begränsad. För uppskattning av antal och genetisk diversitet, undersöktes mikrosatellitvariationer hos nu levande individer från elva lokaler i Vattenriket. För jämförelse inkluderades arkiverade prover från Naturhistoriska Riksmuseets ”Miljöprovbank”, från tio döda uttrar med ursprung i Nordöstra Skåne. Med icke-invasiva metoder undersöktes DNA som extraherats från avföring- och muskelvävnad. Multipel replikatanalys gjordes för detektering av eventuella fel i genotypningsproceduren. Resultaten visar förekomsten av tre nu levande individer i Vattenriket (två hanar och en hona). Det är dock troligt att en- eller flera nu levande individer kan ha undkommit identifiering. Individerna var inte nära släkt med museiexemplaren från Nordöstra Skåne. Studerade individer är i Hardy-Weinberg jämvikt, men heterozygositeten är låg. Låg heterozygositet kan bero på en låg genomblandning i populationen, vilket kan vara en anledning till oro och bör undersökas närmre. Det behövs ytterligare kunskap och studier för att långsiktigt skydda och förvalta den nya, värdefulla utterpopulationen i Kristianstads Vattenrike.
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Henriksson, Dorcus Kiwanuka. "Health systems bottlenecks and evidence-based district health planning : Experiences from the district health system in Uganda." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-329082.
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In low-income countries where maternal and child mortality remains high, there is limited use of context-specific evidence for decision making and prioritization of interventions in the planning process at the sub-national level, such as the district level. Knowledge on the utility of tools and interventions to promote use of district-specific evidence in the planning process is limited, yet it could contribute to the prioritization of high-impact interventions for women and children. This thesis aims to investigate, in the planning process, the use of district-specific evidence to identify gaps in service delivery in the district health system in Uganda in order to contribute to improving health services for women and children. Study I evaluated the use of the modified Tanahashi model to identify bottlenecks for service delivery of maternal and newborn interventions. Study II and III used qualitative methods to document the experiences of district managers in adopting tools to facilitate the utilization of district-specific evidence, and the barriers and enablers to the use of these tools in the planning process. Study IV used qualitative methods, and analysis of district annual health work plans and reports. District managers were able to adopt tools for the utilization of district-specific evidence in the planning process. Governance and leadership were a major influence on the use of district-specific evidence. Limited decision space and fiscal space, and limited financial resources, and inadequate routine health information systems were also barriers to the utilization of district-specific evidence. Use of district-specific evidence in the planning process is not an end in itself but part of a process to improve the prioritization of interventions for women and children. In order to prioritize high impact interventions at the district level, a multifaceted approach needs to be taken that not only focuses on use of evidence, but also focuses on broader health system aspects like governance and leadership, the decision and fiscal space available to the district managers, limited resources, and inadequate routine health information systems.
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Sjölander, Martina, and Philip Viklund. "Simuleringsarbete i medicinteknisk produktion : En fallstudie med dataanalys, verifiering och validering samt flaskhalsanalys av en simuleringsmodell." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415351.
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The world is constantly changing and evolving faster and faster. In the industry, it is important to constantly evolve to adapt to the market and maintain competitiveness. The ongoing fourth industrial revolution is urging companies to increase digitalization and automate production. Simulation is a tool that can be used to develop, test and control production. In the pharmaceutical industry, the manufacturing and the product are required to ensure good quality. At the same time, the demand of pharmaceuticals and medical devices is high. With simulation, production systems can be evaluated, developed and improved a safer and more efficient way. The purpose of the study is to investigate, through a simulation, whether the mass-producing pharmaceutical industry can utilize Discrete Event Simulation to improve production planning and control. The purpose was partly fulfilled by a situation assessment, which together with a literature study, was used to find out what data is required to establish a simulation model. Finally, a simulation model was established, representative of reality and a bottleneck analysis was performed as part of the validation. The study is based on a case study in which qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to answer the research questions. The method is designed to be able to be carried out remotely, since it has not been possible to attend the company where the study was conducted. Two different simulation models, which differ in detail level, are presented in the results of the study. The more detailed level model could be used as a basis for improvement work. The simplified model reflects reality thoroughly and can be used for production planning and production capacity estimations. The bottleneck analysis shows which process is the bottleneck and corresponds to the company's perception. The largest bottleneck was assembly and blister packing. The most important suggestion of improvement was increase of the process availability in the blister packing, which increases production throughput with 6 percent and reduces lead time with 1,5 days. To utilize the detailed simulation model, data collection at sub-process level is also proposed.Världen förändras hela tiden och utvecklas snabbare och snabbare. Inom industrin gäller det att ständigt utvecklas för att kunna anpassa sig till marknaden och bibehålla konkurrenskraft. Den pågående fjärde industriella revolutionen uppmanar företag att öka digitalisering och automatisera produktionen. Simulering är ett verktyg som kan användas för att utveckla, testa och kontrollera produktionen. I läkemedelsbranschen kräver kunder att tillverkningen och produkten tillser god kvalitet. Samtidigt är efterfrågan stor på läkemedel och medicintekniska produkter. Med simulering kan produktionssystem utvecklas på ett säkrare och mer effektivt sätt. Syftet med studien är att genom en simulering undersöka om massproducerande läkemedelsindustrin kan utnyttja händelsestyrd simulering för att förbättra produktionsplanering och styrning. Syftet uppfylldes delvis genom en nulägesanalys, som tillsammans med en litteraturstudie användes för att ta reda på vilken data som krävs för att upprätta en simuleringsmodell. Avslutningsvis upprättades en simuleringsmodell, representativ till verkligheten och en flaskhalsanalys genomfördes som del av valideringen. Studien grundar sig i en fallstudie där kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder har använts för att besvara frågeställningarna. Metoden är utformad för att kunna utföras på distans då det ej har varit möjligt att närvara på företaget där studien är genomförd. Två olika simuleringsmodeller, som skiljer sig i detaljnivå, presenteras i resultatet av studien. Den mer detaljerade skulle kunna användas som ett underlag för förbättringsarbete. Den förenklade modellen återspeglar produktionen översiktligt och kan användas för produktionsplanering. Flaskhalsaanalysen påvisar vilken process som är flaskhalsen och stämmer väl överens med företagets uppfattning. Montering och blistring utger sig som den största flaskhalsen och förbättringsförslag kopplat till detta är främst en ökad tillgänglighet hos processen blistring som ökar produktionstakten med 6 procentenheter och sänker produktionsledtiden med 1,5 dagar. För att kunna utnyttja den detaljerade simuleringsmodellen föreslås vidare datainsamling på delprocessnivå.
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Adam, Shammoon. "Simulation and analysis of port bottlenecks: the case of Male'." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1587.
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Maldives is an island nation that consists of around 1190 islands located in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka. The country virtually imports everything it consumes. Male’ Commercial Harbour handles all international sea cargo for the country. The land area assigned for the port is small; and there are frequent bottlenecks and congestion in the port. By using computer simulation techniques, this research investigates the situation of Male’ Commercial Harbour and identifies logistic bottlenecks that exist at the port. Accordingly, a field research was conducted at Male’ Commercial Harbour to collect required data. Both, qualitative and quantitative data were collected using focus group, interviews, on-site observations, and time and motion measures. The simulation models presented in this thesis were carried out with Arena software (Academic Version of Arena 10.0). The models were used to analyse the vessel turnaround time, berth capacity, yard capacity, container dwell time, queue values, utilisation of ship cranes and other container handling equipment. The results show that berth capacity seems to be the major bottleneck that creates longer queues and ship delays at Male’ Commercial Harbour. Several scenarios were tested to identify the best scenario regarding ship waiting time at berth. Based on the best scenario, a project was proposed focusing on the development of an extended alongside berth at Male’ Commercial Harbour. A cost benefit analysis was performed to see whether the project is financially feasible.
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Šafářová, Jitka. "Návrh optimalizace procesu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224912.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem procesů oddělení System Activation & Deactivation společnosti IBM Česká Republika, s.r.o. s cílem zlepšení těchto procesů a navýšení efektivity těchto procesů v rámci firmy.
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Barreto, Ronaldo Merlo. "Modelo para tomada de decisão nos sistemas produtivos a partir da utilização de uma ferramenta capacidade versus demanda." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2356.
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Frente às freqüentes mudanças no mercado consumidor, as empresas precisam se adequar aos novos cenários. As estratégias de produção e de capacidade podem auxiliar nesse processo, especialmente se for possível formular e testar alternativas em ambientes paralelos antes mesmo de serem aplicados na fábrica real. As dificuldades encontradas nas empresas estão associadas à adequação (ou não) dos modelos existentes na literatura sobre o tema, bem como, a base de informações sobre a qual são tomadas as decisões de capacidade. Os conceitos de gargalo de produção, de eficiência global dos recursos e a lógica de análise capacidade versus demanda e tomada de decisão são discutidos e avaliados no conjunto da análise da capacidade fabril. Um Modelo de Tomada de Decisão é proposto, englobando as estratégias de capacidade nos níveis: operacional – Método de Gestão de Rotinas; tático – Método de Gestão de Melhorias; e estratégico – Método de Gestão Estratégica de Longo Prazo. Através de estudo de caso foram avaliadas as dife
Considering the frequent changes in the consumer market, companies need to adapt to the new sceneries. Production strategies and capacity can assist in this process, especially if it is possible formulating and testing before applying it in the real plant. The difficulties found by the companies in this business are associated with adjusting (or not) the models found in the literature about the subject, and the information base on which capacity decisions are made. The concepts of production bottleneck and the overall efficiency of resources, and the logic CXD analysis and decision-making are discussed and evaluated throughout the analysis of manufacturing capacity. A Model of Decision-making is proposed, including strategies in different levels: operational – Method Management Routines; tactical - Method Management Improvements, and strategic - Method Management of Long-term Strategic. Through the study of case research methodology, the differences in use of the CXD Tool in different perspectives of decision
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Salazar, Diaz Frank, and Hannaneh Hanna Pakdaman. "Processflödesanalys av tillverkningsprocessen i syfte att minska leveranstiden." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298482.
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LKAB Mekaniska i Kiruna, Sverige är en ståltillverkare som bland annat producerar avropsartikeln lingenomföring till moderbolaget LKAB. Målet med detta examensarbete är att minska på leveranstiden för sistnämnda artikel. För att åstadkomma detta undersöktes produktionsflödet i affärssystemet Monitor. Därtill genomfördes en litteraturstudie och intervjuer hölls med avdelningschefer och operatörer från LKAB Mekaniska. Utifrån detta identifierades tre faktorer som påverkar leveranstiden negativt. Dessa är kötiderna mellan operationerna, den bristfälliga planeringen som skedde vid skär- och maskinavdelningen, samt begränsningarna som höll upp produktionen i maskinavdelningen Vi hävdar att leveranstiden minskar om följande åtgärder genomförs: eliminera kötiderna mellan tillverkningsprocesserna, öka beläggningen och kapaciteten på tillverkningsmaskinen, implementera ett kanbansystem, ändra ordningsföljden i tillverkningsprocessen och slutligen införa ett säkerhetslager med färdigsvarvade stänger.LKAB Mekaniska in Kiruna, Sweden is a steel-manufacturer that, among other things, produces lingenomföring for its parent company LKAB. The aim of this thesis is to decrease the delivery time of the aforementioned product. In order to achieve this, production flow in the business system Monitor ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) was examined. In addition to this a literature study was conducted and interviews were held with department heads and machine operators from LKAB Mekaniska. Based on data collected, three factors were identified as negatively affecting the delivery time. These are queue times between operations, inadequate planning for the cutting and machinery department, as well as the limitations that kept the production back in the machinery department. We claim that the delivery time decreases if the following measures are realized: eliminate queue times between stages in the manufacturing process, increase personnel capacity related to the manufacturing machine, implement a kanban system, change the order of the manufacturing process and lastly to introduce a storage of ready-turned bars.
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Telli, Ilkin Ece. "Determination Of Metabolic Bottlenecks Using Reaction Engineering Principles In Serine Alkaline Protease Production By Recombinant Bacillus Species." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605227/index.pdf.
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In this study, firstly, bioprocess characteristics for Serine Alkaline Protease (SAP) production, using recombinant Bacillus subtilis carrying pHV1431::subC, were examined. The cell concentration, substrate concentration, SAP activity and SAP synthesis rate profiles demonstrated that the system reaches to a steady state in terms of cell growth and SAP synthesis between t=15-25 h, therefore, this time interval is appropriate to employ both metabolic flux analysis and metabolic control analysis, which apply strictly to steady state systems.
After that, three separate perturbations were introduced by addition of aspartate to the production medium at a certain time of the bioprocess. The response of the cells were observed andby comparing the changes in intracellular reactions of aspartate pathway, Asn, Thr and Ile productions were determined to be the bottlenecks in aspartate pathway and the branchpoints splitting from Asp and AspSa were identified to be weakly rigid branchpoints. Lastly, metabolic control analysis principles were applied to determine the elasticity and flux control coefficients of the simplified aspartate pathway. Aspartate formation reaction and Lys, Thr, Ile, Met producing group share the control of asparagine synthesis. The results revealed that lysine producing branch flux dominates the other branch fluxes, therefore to eliminate bottlenecks and increase SAP production, the activity of the branches leading to the formation of Asn, Thr and Ile should be increased while decreasing the activity of lysine synthesizing branch. This could be achieved either by genetic manipulation or by addition of specific inhibitors or activators to the system.
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Shammugam, Shivenes [Verfasser]. "Raw materials and energy transformation process : Analysis of supply bottlenecks and implications on metal markets / Shivenes Shammugam." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202218857/34.
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MATOS, JÚNIOR Rubens de Souza. "Identification of Availability and Performance Bottlenecks in Cloud Computing Systems: an approach based on hierarchical models and sensitivity analysis." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18702.
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CAPES
Cloud computing paradigm is able to reduce costs of acquisition and maintenance of computer systems, and enables the balanced management of resources according to the demand. Hierarchical and composite analytical models are suitable for describing performance and dependability of cloud computing systems in a concise manner, dealing with the huge number of components which constitute such kind of system. That approach uses distinct sub-models for each system level and the measures obtained in each sub-model are integrated to compute the measures for the whole system. Identification of bottlenecks in hierarchical models might be difficult yet, due to the large number of parameters and their distribution among distinct modeling levels and formalisms. This thesis proposes methods for evaluation and detection of bottlenecks of cloud computing systems. The methodology is based on hierarchical modeling and parametric sensitivity analysis techniques tailored for such a scenario. This research introduces methods to build unified sensitivity rankings when distinct modeling formalisms are combined. These methods are embedded in the Mercury software tool, providing an automated sensitivity analysis framework for supporting the process. Distinct case studies helped in testing the methodology, encompassing hardware and software aspects of cloud systems, from basic infrastructure level to applications that are hosted in private clouds. The case studies showed that the proposed approach is helpful for guiding cloud systems designers and administrators in the decision-making process, especially for tune-up and architectural improvements. It is possible to employ the methodology through an optimization algorithm proposed here, called Sensitive GRASP. This algorithm aims at optimizing performance and dependability of computing systems that cannot stand the exploration of all architectural and configuration possibilities to find the best quality of service. This is especially useful for cloud-hosted services and their complex underlying infrastructures.
O paradigma de computação em nuvem é capaz de reduzir os custos de aquisição e manutenção de sistemas computacionais e permitir uma gestão equilibrada dos recursos de acordo com a demanda. Modelos analíticos hierárquicos e compostos são adequados para descrever de forma concisa o desempenho e a confiabilidade de sistemas de computação em nuvem, lidando com o grande número de componentes que constituem esse tipo de sistema. Esta abordagem usa sub-modelos distintos para cada nível do sistema e as medidas obtidas em cada sub-modelo são usadas para calcular as métricas desejadas para o sistema como um todo. A identificação de gargalos em modelos hierárquicos pode ser difícil, no entanto, devido ao grande número de parâmetros e sua distribuição entre os distintos formalismos e níveis de modelagem. Esta tese propõe métodos para a avaliação e detecção de gargalos de sistemas de computação em nuvem. A abordagem baseia-se na modelagem hierárquica e técnicas de análise de sensibilidade paramétrica adaptadas para tal cenário. Esta pesquisa apresenta métodos para construir rankings unificados de sensibilidade quando formalismos de modelagem distintos são combinados. Estes métodos são incorporados no software Mercury, fornecendo uma estrutura automatizada de apoio ao processo. Uma metodologia de suporte a essa abordagem foi proposta e testada ao longo de estudos de casos distintos, abrangendo aspectos de hardware e software de sistemas IaaS (Infraestrutura como um serviço), desde o nível de infraestrutura básica até os aplicativos hospedados em nuvens privadas. Os estudos de caso mostraram que a abordagem proposta é útil para orientar os projetistas e administradores de infraestruturas de nuvem no processo de tomada de decisões, especialmente para ajustes eventuais e melhorias arquiteturais. A metodologia também pode ser aplicada por meio de um algoritmo de otimização proposto aqui, chamado Sensitive GRASP. Este algoritmo tem o objetivo de otimizar o desempenho e a confiabilidade de sistemas em cenários onde não é possível explorar todas as possibilidades arquiteturais e de configuração para encontrar a melhor qualidade de serviço. Isto é especialmente útil para os serviços hospedados na nuvem e suas complexas
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Thongmal, Larsson Marie. "A model for material handling improvements when using automated storage systems: A case study." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6350.
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The purpose of this thesis is to create a model of how to organize the placements of articles in an automated storage system in order to reduce time and cost related to the extractions. The model was developed during an investigation at a case company, and a comprehensive study of the material handling identified bottlenecks, whereof one was chosen to be further investigated: the automated storage system. The automated storage system is newly installed equipment, which required new working methods to be incorporated to the already existing working environment. The ABC-analysis was used in order to motivate how the articles should be placed in the automated storage. The goal for the new way of handling material was to put as little effort as possible on time related to the extraction of material. This due to the realization of material handling processes being a huge contributor to waste activities. This resulted in the development of the model and the suggestion that is given to the case company is to place the most frequent extracted articles close to the users. However, advantages must be held against disadvantages of rearrangements since the material handling will not be eliminated totally due to smaller improvements.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en modell för hur man ska organisera artikelplaceringar i ett automatiserat lagersystem för att reducera tid och kostnad relaterat till uttag av material. Modellen skapades genom en undersökning på ett fallföretag, en omfattande studie av materialhanteringen identifierade flaskhalsar, varav en valdes för fortsatt undersökning: det automatiserade lagersystemet. Det automatiserade lagersystemet är en nyinstallerad utrustning, som kräver att nya arbetsmetoder ska inkorporeras till den redan existerande arbetsmiljön. ABC-analysen användes för att motivera hur artiklarna ska placeras i det automatiserade lagret. Målet för det nya sättet att hantera material på var att så få insatser som möjligt skulle användas för uttag av material. Detta pågrund av insikten utav att materialhanteringsprocesser är en stor bidragande slöserifaktor. Detta resulterade i modellen och förslagen som ges till fallföretaget är att placera de mest frekvent använda artiklarna nära användaren. Emellertid så måste man väga fördelar mot nackdelar av en förändring eftersom materialhanteringen inte kommer att elimineras helt pågrund av mindre förbättringar.
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Lagreca, Fabio Rezende. "Aplicação da Teoria das Restrições (TDR) na gestão da cadeia produtiva de uma indústria farmacêutica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2012. http://beta.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14549.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
A busca por técnicas de gestão que possibilitem um melhor aproveitamento da capacidade instalada de plantas produtivas é o desafio constante de todos os gestores. A utilização da Teoria das Restrições (TDR) como ferramenta de gestão no ambiente produtivo deste estudo possibilitou evidenciar o uso racional dos equipamentos do parque fabril a partir da identificação dos gargalos dos processos produtivos dos produtos mapeados. O dimensionamento dos pulmões de proteção da restrição e de espaço demonstrou como é possível manter o fluxo constante de produção sem a necessidade de elevados estoques em processo entre os centros de trabalho que compõem os sistemas produtivos. A análise da capacidade global do sistema pode evidenciar os centros de trabalho com restrição de capacidade frente à demanda posta.
The quest for management techniques that enable a better utilization of productive capacity of plants is the constant challenge for all managers. Using the Theory of Constraints (TOC) as a management tool in the production environment of this study highlight the possible rational use of the equipment of the industrial park from the identification of “bottlenecks” of the production processes of products mapped. The sizing of the lungs to protect the space restriction and demonstrated how you can keep a steady flow of production without the need for high in-process inventories between the work centers that compose the productive systems. The analysis of the overall capacity of the system can highlight the work centers capacity constraint put forward the demand.
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Dagfalk, Johanna, and Ellen Kyhle. "Listening in on Productivity : Applying the Four Key Metrics to measure productivity in a software development company." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datalogi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-440147.
Full textAbstract:
Software development is an area in which companies not only need to keep up with the latest technology, but they additionally need to continuously increase their productivity to stay competitive in the industry. One company currently facing these challenges is Storytel - one of the strongest players on the Swedish audiobook market - with about a fourth of all employees involved with software development, and a rapidly growing workforce. With the purpose of understanding how the Storytel Tech Department is performing, this thesis maps Storytel’s productivity defined through the Four Key Metrics - Deployment Frequency, Delivery Lead Time, Mean Time To Restore and Change Fail Rate. A classification is made into which performance category (Low, Medium, High, Elite) the Storytel Tech Department belongs to through a deep-dive into the raw system data existing at Storytel, mainly focusing on the case management system Jira. A survey of the Tech Department was conducted, to give insights into the connection between human and technical factors influencing productivity (categorized into Culture, Environment, and Process) and estimated productivity. Along with these data collections, interviews with Storytel employees were performed to gather further knowledge about the Tech Department, and to understand potential bottlenecks and obstacles. All Four Key Metrics could be determined based on raw system data, except the metric Mean Time To Restore which was complemented by survey estimates. The generalized findings of the Four Key Metrics conclude that Storytel can be minimally classified as a ‘medium’ performer. The factors, validated through factor analysis, found to have an impact on the Four Key Metrics were Generative Culture, Efficiency (Automation and Shared Responsibility) and Number of Projects. Lastly, the major bottlenecks found were related to Architecture, Automation, Time Fragmentation and Communication. The thesis contributes with interesting findings from an expanding, middle-sized, healthy company in the audiobook streaming industry - but the results can be beneficial for other software development companies to learn from as well. Performing a similar study with a greater sample size, and additionally enabling comparisons between teams, is suggested for future research.
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Kaeslin, Alain E. "Performance Optimisation of Discrete-Event Simulation Software on Multi-Core Computers." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191132.
Full textAbstract:
SIMLOX is a discrete-event simulation software developed by Systecon AB for analysing logistic support solution scenarios. To cope with ever larger problems, SIMLOX's simulation engine was recently enhanced with a parallel execution mechanism in order to take advantage of multi-core processors. However, this extension did not result in the desired reduction in runtime for all simulation scenarios even though the parallelisation strategy applied had promised linear speedup. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the limiting scalability bottlenecks became necessary and has been carried out in this project. Through the use of a low-overhead profiler and microarchitecture analysis, the root causes were identified: atomic operations causing a high communication overhead, poor locality leading to translation lookaside buffer thrashing, and hot spots that consume significant amounts of CPU time. Subsequently, appropriate optimisations to overcome the limiting factors were implemented: eliminating the expensive operations, more efficient handling of heap memory through the use of a scalable memory allocator, and data structures that make better use of caches. Experimental evaluation using real world test cases demonstrated a speedup of at least 6.75x on an eight-core processor. Most cases even achieve a speedup of more than 7.2x. The various optimisations implemented further helped to lower run times for sequential execution by 1.5x or more. It can be concluded that achieving nearly linear speedup on a multi-core processor is possible in practice for discrete-event simulation.SIMLOX är en kommersiell mjukvara utvecklad av Systecon AB, vars huvudsakliga funktion är en händelsestyrd simuleringskärna för analys av underhållslösningar för komplexa tekniska system. För hantering av stora problem så används parallellexekvering för simuleringen, vilket i teorin borde ge en nästan linjär skalning med antal trådar. Prestandaförbättringen som observerats i praktiken var dock ytterst begränsad, varför en ordentlig analys av skalbarheten har gjorts i detta projekt. Genom användandet av ett profileringsverktyg med liten overhead och mikroarkitektur-analys, så kunde orsakerna hittas: atomiska operationer som skapar mycket overhead för kommunikation, dålig lokalitet ger fragmentering vid översättning till fysiska adresser och dåligt utnyttjande av TLB-cachen, och vissa flaskhalsar som kräver mycket CPU-kraft. Därefter implementerades och testade optimeringar för att undvika de identifierade problem. Testade lösningar inkluderar eliminering av dyra operationer, ökad effektivitet i minneshantering genom skalbara minneshanteringsalgoritmer och implementation av datastrukturer som ger bättre lokalitet och därmed bättre användande av cache-strukturen. Verifiering på verkliga testfall visade på uppsnabbningar på åtminstone 6.75 gånger på en processor med 8 kärnor. De flesta fall visade på en uppsnabbning med en faktor större än 7.2. Optimeringarna gav även en uppsnabbning med en faktor på åtminstone 1.5 vid sekventiell exekvering i en tråd. Slutsatsen är därmed att det är möjligt att uppnå nästan linjär skalning med antalet kärnor för denna typ av händelsestyrd simulering.
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Teng, Sin Yong. "Intelligent Energy-Savings and Process Improvement Strategies in Energy-Intensive Industries." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433427.
Full textAbstract:
S tím, jak se neustále vyvíjejí nové technologie pro energeticky náročná průmyslová odvětví, stávající zařízení postupně zaostávají v efektivitě a produktivitě. Tvrdá konkurence na trhu a legislativa v oblasti životního prostředí nutí tato tradiční zařízení k ukončení provozu a k odstavení. Zlepšování procesu a projekty modernizace jsou zásadní v udržování provozních výkonů těchto zařízení. Současné přístupy pro zlepšování procesů jsou hlavně: integrace procesů, optimalizace procesů a intenzifikace procesů. Obecně se v těchto oblastech využívá matematické optimalizace, zkušeností řešitele a provozní heuristiky. Tyto přístupy slouží jako základ pro zlepšování procesů. Avšak, jejich výkon lze dále zlepšit pomocí moderní výpočtové inteligence. Účelem této práce je tudíž aplikace pokročilých technik umělé inteligence a strojového učení za účelem zlepšování procesů v energeticky náročných průmyslových procesech. V této práci je využit přístup, který řeší tento problém simulací průmyslových systémů a přispívá následujícím: (i)Aplikace techniky strojového učení, která zahrnuje jednorázové učení a neuro-evoluci pro modelování a optimalizaci jednotlivých jednotek na základě dat. (ii) Aplikace redukce dimenze (např. Analýza hlavních komponent, autoendkodér) pro vícekriteriální optimalizaci procesu s více jednotkami. (iii) Návrh nového nástroje pro analýzu problematických částí systému za účelem jejich odstranění (bottleneck tree analysis – BOTA). Bylo také navrženo rozšíření nástroje, které umožňuje řešit vícerozměrné problémy pomocí přístupu založeného na datech. (iv) Prokázání účinnosti simulací Monte-Carlo, neuronové sítě a rozhodovacích stromů pro rozhodování při integraci nové technologie procesu do stávajících procesů. (v) Porovnání techniky HTM (Hierarchical Temporal Memory) a duální optimalizace s několika prediktivními nástroji pro podporu managementu provozu v reálném čase. (vi) Implementace umělé neuronové sítě v rámci rozhraní pro konvenční procesní graf (P-graf). (vii) Zdůraznění budoucnosti umělé inteligence a procesního inženýrství v biosystémech prostřednictvím komerčně založeného paradigmatu multi-omics.
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黃承龍. "= Bottleneck shifting analysis and management." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71340403107863864797.
Full text
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Shih, Chun-Yi, and 施俊亦. "Communication Bottleneck Analysis for Improving the Performance of Multicore Software." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37635320860087495342.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
100
Performance modeling can assist the developer to estimate system performance at an early stage, such that the huge cost incurred by tuning software to achieve the target performance can be avoided. Since multicore processors have already become mainstream for computing, many applications are being derived as parallel software to enhance the performance. Developing an application on multicore platforms is more complex and more factors than single core platforms need to be considered. For example resource contention, synchronization problem, and shared cache conflict are some critical factors . Traditionally, the performance was measured after most code were implemented. If the performance does not meet application requirements, it is very difficult to modify the applications in parallel version due to a large amount of the code needs to be modified. Thus, an accurate model is needed to estimate the system performance and further guide developers to tune for optimal performance. In this work, we first analyze the impact of performance from three factors including thread parallelism, communication pattern, and data locality. Moreover, we analyze the performance bottleneck from correlation of the three factors. We propose a communication-oriented performance estimation method to assist the programmer to detect and analyze performance bottlenecks. Furthermore, we suggest the adjustment of the number of threads to obtain better performance from current configuration.
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Hao, Po-Chien, and 郝柏茜. "A Text Mining Approach for Bottleneck Detection and Analysis in Linear Job Shops." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j7zknz.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊管理研究所
106
While job shop is a classical type of scheduling problem known to be hard, manufacturing problems in real industries are not that complex but with features similar to flow shops. Therefore, in this thesis, this type of problems is specifically defined and named as Linear Job Shops. With the linearity features, we present a new approach applied by an ad hoc heuristic. First, a text-mining technique, N-gram modelling, is adopted to analyse the data sets to detect the machines for bottleneck candidates. Second, according to the candidates, the bottleneck data are extracted from the original data sets and solved as flow shops by the mixed integer programming models. Next, the optimal job sequences of bottleneck candidates are transformed into the priorities of jobs for the original problem to produce approximate solutions. Consequently, by comparing the approximate solutions of each candidate, the best one ends up being the final solution. The performance of proposed heuristic algorithm is compared with the well-known NEH algorithm through numerical instances from real production lines. The objective function of our problem is minimum makespan, and re-entrances are allowed. Moreover, this paper also designs a decision support system deploying the proposed solution strategy for conducting manufacturing uses on-site.
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Lin, Yung-Jen, and 林勇仁. "Using Simulation for Capacity and Bottleneck Analysis of the Electronic Parts Production Line." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3uh5nw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
98
Computer simulation is one of the most important tools in solving complex production problems. In particular, computer simulation can be utilized to analyze the production line of the new product before it is actually installed in order to obtain better production efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply computer simulation approach to construct a simulation model to solve capacity analysis and bottleneck analysis problems. An actual electronic ballast production line is simulated in this study. The results of this study show that: 1. Reducing insert stations can reduce manpower but has no effect on total throughput. 2. Adding one person to the bottleneck station can increase total throughput from 1243 to 1793; adding two persons can further increase to 2482. 3. When the total manpower remains the same, the approach of adding two persons and reducing two insert stations has the better total throughput of 2088. 4. When the total manpower increases one person, the approach of adding two persons and reducing one insert station has the better total throughput of 2485. 5. When the total manpower reduces one person, the approach of adding one person and reducing two insert stations has the better total throughput of 1793.
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Du, Tzu-Hsiung, and 杜之雄. "Booting, Browsing and Streaming Time Profiling and Bottleneck Analysis on Android-Based Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74878662601600347524.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊學院碩士在職專班資訊組
98
Android-based systems perform slowly in three perceptible scenarios: booting, browsing, and streaming. Time profiling on Android devices encounters three unique properties: 1) the execution flow of a scenario invokes multiple software layers, 2) each software layer is implemented in different programming languages, and 3) log space is limited. This thesis proposes a staged iterative instrumentation approach that starts profiling a scenario from a single module, restrainedly profiles more modules and layers to avoid enormous irrelevant profiling results, and finally consolidates the profiling results from different layers to find out the bottlenecks. Experiments on the off-the-shelf Android product showed that 72% of booting time is spent on the initialization of user-space environment; specifically, 44.4% of user-space initialization time is to start Android services and managers, and 39.2% is for preloading Java classes and resources. Experimental results also showed that the networking technology is the most significant factor influencing the browsing performance on Android. The time of drawing screen only takes less than 5% of total time for browsing a 2128 kB web page. In the streaming scenario, video preparation causes 5.7% time overhead for playing a 22-MB video file over Wi-Fi connection. Execution time of Video-downloading and data-decoding take 72% ratio of preparation time.
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"An Analysis of the Memory Bottleneck and Cache Performance of Most Apparent Distortion Image Quality Assessment Algorithm on GPU." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.41229.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: As digital images are transmitted over the network or stored on a disk, image processing is done as part of the standard for efficient storage and bandwidth. This causes some amount of distortion or artifacts in the image which demands the need for quality assessment. Subjective image quality assessment is expensive, time consuming and influenced by the subject's perception. Hence, there is a need for developing mathematical models that are capable of predicting the quality evaluation. With the advent of the information era and an exponential growth in image/video generation and consumption, the requirement for automated quality assessment has become mandatory to assess the degradation. The last few decades have seen research on automated image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms gaining prominence. However, the focus has been on achieving better predication accuracy, and not on improving computational performance. As a result, existing serial implementations require a lot of time in processing a single frame. In the last 5 years, research on general-purpose graphic processing unit (GPGPU) based image quality assessment (IQA) algorithm implementation has shown promising results for single images. Still, the implementations are not efficient enough for deployment in real world applications, especially for live videos at high resolution. Hence, in this thesis, it is proposed that microarchitecture-conscious coding on a graphics processing unit (GPU) combined with detailed understanding of the image quality assessment (IQA) algorithm can result in non-trivial speedups without compromising quality prediction accuracy. This document focusses on the microarchitectural analysis of the most apparent distortion (MAD) algorithm. The results are analyzed in-depth and one of the major bottlenecks is identified. With the knowledge of underlying microarchitecture, the implementation is restructured thereby resolving the bottleneck and improving the performance.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016
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Ramaswamy, Ramkumar, James B. Orlin, and Nilopal Chakravarty. "Sensitivity Analysis for Shortest Path Problems and Maximum Capacity Path Problems in Undirected Graphs." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5065.
Full textAbstract:
This paper addresses sensitivity analysis questions concerning the shortest path problem and the maximum capacity path problem in an undirected network. For both problems, we determine the maximum and minimum weights that each edge can have so that a given path remains optimal. For both problems, we show how to determine these maximum and minimum values for all edges in O(m + K log K) time, where m is the number of edges in the network, and K is the number of edges on the given optimal path.
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Liang, Bei-Lun, and 梁倍倫. "Economic analysis of joining the public transit system without independent road right to the bottleneck to easy the congestion phenomenon." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75353978249489973515.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
經濟學系
97
In daily life, we all are familiar with phenomenon on the trip to our work place during the rush-hour. In transportation economy, economists termed these road sections easily congested as a “bottleneck”. The development of bottleneck theory not only interprets the economic property of the bottleneck, also provides methods to easy the congestion phenomenon, including applying the toll schemes, construction of parallel ways to this road section, provides a mass transportation system to the populace and so on. This thesis joins the bus system without independent road right to the model constructed by Arnott el al. (1990) and related literatures to easy the congestion in the bottleneck, and also discusses the influence of joining the bus system to commuters choosing their transportation manner of communicating. Whether they choose to use their own vehicles or to take the bus system to their work place, commuters all have pay the toll. This thesis discusses separately by different toll collecting schemes—time-variant toll and uniform toll, and each scheme also discusses separately by different toll collector—social planner and private bus system runner. To obtain the optimal number of commuters taking bus to their work place, this thesis uses tow stage game and cobweb theory to solve it, and compares the similarities and the differences of this two solutions. The main conclusion of this thesis is that to join the bus system to the bottleneck could decrease the vehicles on the bottleneck (i.e. reduce the length and time of the queue), diminishes the communicating cost of commuters, and also reduces the social externality produced by the vehicles congesting in the queue. Generally speaking, the larger of the volume of the bottleneck, the smaller of the departure interval of each bus unit, and the larger of the capacity per bus could bear, the larger of the optimal number of commuters taking bus. Comparing with the economic properties displayed by past literatures, there are four propositions proved in this thesis: Proposition 1. Under the scheme of time-variant toll, variant of communicating cost is half of that under the scheme of uniform toll. This proposition is the same as that proposed by some literatures such as Arnott et al.(1990) and Kraus et al.(2002). Proposition 2. Square root principle is not hold in this thesis. Proposition 3. Under the scheme of time-variant toll, the more commuters taking bus, the more average cost of using bus system. This property is reversed under the scheme of uniform toll. Proposition 4. Under the scheme of uniform toll, if commuters using cars and bus system could depart separately, they will have less average commuting cost then departing promiscuous.
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SIAN, SYU GU, and 徐家賢. "The Practice Bottleneck of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act : Analysis on the Indigenized Contexts Related to the Victims of Sexual Exploitation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81724382157499659424.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
資訊與社會研究所
103
Human trafficking, regarded as contemporary slavery worldwide and generally accepted as the highly profitable transnational organized crime by the UN, is the crime of serious human rights violations. For the purpose of preventing human trafficking cases, “Human Trafficking Prevention Act” was announced by the Government of the Republic of China in January 2009. However, from this act, several flaws have been occurring since the effective date. Instead of well solving human trafficking problems for female foreign victims within Taiwan, the act becomes impregnable for those who utilize protections of it as cover for prostitution. Research indicates that the agencies of enforcing the policies focus on “prosecution” as well as “protection” exceedingly, as a result, the protection or temporary placement, benefiting human trafficking victims (female victims of sex exploitation), artfully becomes the means of avoiding repatriation. Simultaneously, in order to getting better performance, the agencies, being self-policing, often makes practical misjudgments which lead to repeat temporary replacement. Moreover, since the unit of temporary placement is incapable of monitoring and tracking the victims, some of them, under weighing the comparative advantages over criminal activities, constantly make their escape and falls into being sex workers again so as to get paid more. In the gap between temporary placement and repatriation provisions, these marginalized victims, exploiting loopholes, turn into fugitives unexpectedly. Consequently, this circumstance is as satire of human rights. In this article, methods of documentary analysis and case studies are applied to investigate, from the legal and practical sides, the extensive problems carried by the cases of protecting human trafficking victims (female victims of sex exploitation), and then clarify the related issues from every aspect. Meanwhile, supplementary measures, potentially seen as the references for the domestic prosecutor authority, are developed from the current systematic side, particularly the suggestions of amending law articles and advancing practices.
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Post, Tobias, Christina Gillmann, Thomas Wischgoll, Bernd Hamann, and Hans Hagen. "Visual Analytics of Cascaded Bottlenecks in Planar Flow Networks." 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32803.
Full textAbstract:
Finding bottlenecks and eliminating them to increase the overall flow of a network often appears in real world applications, such as production planning, factory layout, flow related physical approaches, and even cyber security. In many cases, several edges can form a bottleneck (cascaded bottlenecks). This work presents a visual analytics methodology to analyze these cascaded bottlenecks. The methodology consists of multiple steps: identification of bottlenecks, identification of potential improvements, communication of bottlenecks, interactive adaption of bottlenecks, and a feedback loop that allows users to adapt flow networks and their resulting bottlenecks until they are satisfied with the flow network configuration. To achieve this, the definition of a minimal cut is extended to identify network edges that form a (cascaded) bottleneck. To show the effectiveness of the presented approach, we applied the methodology to two flow network setups and show how the overall flow of these networks can be improved.
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Duehring, Momo E. ""Adaptation of the Marginal Budgeting for Bottlenecks model for planning, costing and budgeting in the educational sector"." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17741.
Full textAbstract:
Already in its Education Strategy, adopted by the Executive Board in 2007, UNICEF fully obligates
to the international commitment to universal education and defines its contribution to national efforts
to fulfil children’s right to education. In September 2010, UNICEF further published a special report
on a study showing that an equity-focused approach to child survival and development is the most
practical and cost-effective way of meeting the health MDGs for children. For the modelling process
of the research a simulation was run employing the Marginal Budgeting for Bottlenecks (MBB)
model, jointly developed by the World Bank and UNICEF. This model has been widely used in
international public health research to design and test development strategies.
In its consistency with the human-right based approach, the MBB model addresses bottlenecks in the
capacity of duty-bearers to fulfil human-rights as well as barriers of the capacity of right-holders to
claim their rights. Using the MBB model, policymakers and researchers can simulate varying
configurations of service delivery modes to expand access of coverage and measures to encourage
usage. For each strategy, the model generates the predicted impact on intervention coverage and
outcomes, overall cost and cost-effectiveness.
UNICEF’s global refocus on equity and the most disadvantaged children makes it necessary to
introduce improved planning and monitoring instruments. In this context, the MBB model is used as a
budgeting and simulation tool for UNICEF interventions in health and nutrition. UNICEF aims to use
harmonized tools across different sectors to reduce transaction costs and to improve comparison and
sharing of lessons learned between the different sectors. However, it is also important to adapt and
develop instruments based on the diverse needs of different sectors to ensure best results.
Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to find an answer to following question:
Can, and if so, how can the Marginal Budgeting for Bottlenecks model, developed for the health
sector, be adapted for planning, costing and budgeting allocations in the education sector?
An adapted Marginal Budgeting for Bottleneck model for education could be applied for a
comprehensive sector analysis, comparing intervention alternatives and setting policy goals and
strategies. It could further be used to monitor the implementation of major sector reforms with regard
to the comparison of potential versus actual impact of interventions on learning achievements.
Applying two production functions, the MBB model applies the basic principle of Cost-Effectiveness
Analysis, comparing the costs of education interventions with the corresponding expected impact on
increased service coverage. However, detailed inputs, outputs, outcomes and impacts and the
corresponding correlations would need to be defined for an Service Production Function (inputoutput)
and an Education Production Function (output-outcome/impact).
Further, a selection of globally proved remedial actions to overcome sector bottlenecks need to be
specified. Education interventions largely depend on the country context and different countries and
regions apply different remedial actions. Since the relationship of input and impact is not as linear as
the illness-treatment relationship in health, international research and comparison of effective
interventions would need to be conducted.
The MBB model is applying service coverage determinants of both, supply and demand side.
Therefore the approach could be a helpful instrument in the context of the Human Rights-based
Approach as used within programming of the United Nations and UNICEF. However, applying
further analysis on humanitarian aspects of programming always depends on the availability of
disaggregated information.
Based on the outline of the Service Coverage Concept and the Marginal Budgeting for Bottlenecks
model and the conceptual adaptation of the MBB model for its use in education, following
suggestions can be made for the Service Delivery Modes and Service Coverage Determinants:
Overall, an MBB model in education could have added value for education planning, budgeting and
impact simulation. However, it has to be considered that applying the model requires extensive data
input for all six Service Coverage Determinants for each of the five Service Deliver Modes. Although,
the MBB model could be adjusted to only cover a certain sub-sector within Quality Education for All.
Five Service Delivery Modes Ten Sub-Packages
1. Pre-School Education
1.1 Public Early Childhood Education
1.2 Private Early Childhood Education
2. Formal Basic Education
2.1 Public Formal Basic Education
2.2 Private Basic Education
3. Non-Formal Basic Education 3.1 Public Non-Formal Basic Education
3.2 Private Non-Formal Basic Education
4. (Lower) Secondary Education
4.1 Public Secondary Education
4.2 Private Secondary Education
5. Adult Literacy, Continuing Education
5.1 Youth and Adult Literacy Interventions
5.2 Continuing Education
Six Service Coverage Determinants Indicator
Supply side
1. Availability of essential commodities Pupil-Classroom Ratio by grade
Pupil-Textbook Ratio
2. Availability of human resources Pupil-Teacher Ratio (or Pupilqualified
Teacher Ratio) by grade
3. Geographic and financial accessibility School-Distance
School-Costs by grade
Demand side 4. Initial Utilization Net-Enrolment Ratio (or Gross-
Enrolment Ratio) by grade
5. Continuous Utilization Survival Rate by grade
6. Effective Utilization Graduation Ratio
Graduation Test Scores
Overall, an MBB model in education could have added value for education planning, budgeting and
impact simulation. However, it has to be considered that applying the model requires extensive data
input for all six Service Coverage Determinants for each of the five Service Deliver Modes. Although,
the MBB model could be adjusted to only cover a certain sub-sector within Quality Education for All.
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"Analysis of Freeway Bottlenecks." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25940.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Traffic congestion is a major externality in modern transportation systems with negative economic, environmental and social impacts. Freeway bottlenecks are one of the key elements besides the demand for travel by automobiles that determine the extent of congestion. The primary objective of this research is to provide a better understanding of factors for variations in bottleneck discharge rates. Specifically this research seeks to (i) develop a methodology comparable to the rigorous methods to identify bottlenecks and measure capacity drop and its temporal (day to day) variations in a region, (ii) understand the variations in discharge rate of a freeway weaving bottleneck with a HOV lane and (iii) understand the relationship between lane flow distribution and discharge rate on a weaving bottleneck resulted from a lane drop and a busy off-ramp. In this research, a methodology has been developed to de-noise raw data using Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT). The de-noised data is then used to precisely identify bottleneck activation and deactivation times, and measure pre-congestion and congestion flows using Continuous Wavelet Transforms (CWT). To this end a methodology which could be used efficiently to identify and analyze freeway bottlenecks in a region in a consistent, reproducible manner was developed. Using this methodology, 23 bottlenecks have been identified in the Phoenix metropolitan region, some of which result in long queues and large delays during rush-hour periods. A study of variations in discharge rate of a freeway weaving bottleneck with a HOV lane showed that the bottleneck discharge rate diminished by 3-25% upon queue formations, however, the discharge rate recovered shortly thereafter upon high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lane activation and HOV lane flow distribution (LFD) has a significant effect on the bottleneck discharge rate: the higher the HOV LFD, the lower the bottleneck discharge rate. The effect of lane flow distribution and its relationship with bottleneck discharge rate on a weaving bottleneck formed by a lane drop and a busy off-ramp was studied. The results showed that the bottleneck discharge rate and lane flow distribution are linearly related and higher utilization of the median lane results in higher bottleneck discharge rate.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil and Environmental Engineering 2014
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Lai, Wen Chen, and 賴文針. "Developing Rechargeable Lithium Battery in Taiwan: Bottleneck Analyses." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69436248586544245008.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
管理學院高階主管管理碩士學程
93
ABSTRACT A procedure is to analyze the bottleneck of developing rechargeable lithium battery industry in Taiwan. The paper proceeds with an industry analysis of Taiwan’s rechargeable lithium battery industry by collecting the relevant data. The opinions of Taiwan’s lithium battery companies are also included with the help of questionnaires and top management interviews. From the questionnaires and the interviews, five key bottleneck factors are summarized; they are management teams, the capability of production, scale, technologies and supply chain. Finally via analyzing by fish-bone diagram, team and technologies are concluded as the key bottlenecks. We also find out some key issues for developing Taiwan lithium battery industry. First, government must make efforts to strengthen the supply chain of Taiwan lithium battery industry. Taiwan battery companies should consider merging one another for better resources allocation. Finally Taiwan lithium battery firm have to break through bottleneck via collaboration by investing on common materials.
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Krishnamurthy, Jayanth Krishna Ayala Luis F. Karpyn Zuleima Tharays. "Performance analysis of a natural gas gathering and production system and diagnosis of operational bottlenecks." 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-3201/index.html.
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