Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bottom ash

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Bottom ash'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bottom ash"

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Coenen, Aaron R., Hani H. Titi, Mohammed B. Elias, T. Edil, and S. W. Dean. "Resilient Characteristics of Bottom Ash and Bottom Ash-Soil Mixtures." Journal of ASTM International 8, no. 9 (2011): 103700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai103700.

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Kartika Sari, Enda, Yuliantini Eka Putri, Lindawati, Ferry Desromi, and Revianty Nurmeyliandari. "Potensi Dan Karakteristik Limbah Padat Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash Hasil Pembakaran Batubara PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy Terhadap Kuat Tekan Paving Block." Jurnal Deformasi 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/deformasi.v8i1.11302.

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PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy memiliki pembangkit tenaga uap dengan menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar utama. Limbah Hasil Pembakaran Batubara (LHPB) terus bertambah tetapi terbatas penyimpanannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan karakteristik limbah hasil pembakaran batubara yang dihasilkan dan potensinya untuk paving block. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar penggunaan fly ash dan bottom ash yang optimal untuk paving block dan karakteristiknya. Metode yang dilakukan berupa survey langsung. Data yangdari pengujian langsung di laboratorium terhadap kuat tekan paving block pada campuran fly ash dan bottom ash. Data sekunder berupa data karakteristik fly ash dan botom ash dan literatur lainnya. Dari pengujian, kuat tekan tertinggi pada paving block pada subtitusi fly ash dan bottom ash 30 % sebesar 105.38 MPa. Peningkatan kuat tekan terjadi akibat kandungan silika yang tinggi yang terdapat pada fly ash dan bottom ash. Karakteristik batubara di PLTU PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energy adalah silika dan besi sebagai unsur kandungan utama, dan usur lainnya yaitu aluminium, kalsium, titanium dan kalium. Fly ash dan bottom ash memiliki kandungan mineral yang tinggi yaitu didominasi oleh phasa quartz 61,8% dengan struktur kristal trigonal (hexagonal axes).
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Maeno, Yuji, Tokio Hirata, and Hideo Nagase. "Mechanical Properties of Bottom Ash and Utilization of Stabilized Bottom Ash." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 568 (1997): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1997.568_199.

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Jo, Byung-Wan, Seung-Kook Park, and Byung-Yoon Kwon. "Alkali-Activated Coal Ash(Fly Ash, Bottom Ash) Artificial Lightweight Aggregate and Its Application of Concrete." Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2004.16.6.751.

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G, Arunkumar, Jai Kumaresh B, and Arokia Jerome D. Parameswaran P. Rajkumar T. "Experimental Investigation on Mineral Content of Fly Bottom Ash and Strength Characteristics of Fly Bottom Ash Bricks – A Review." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19064.

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Hosseini, Seyedsaeid, Nicholas A. Brake, Mohammad Nikookar, Özge Günaydın-Şen, and Haley A. Snyder. "Mechanochemically activated bottom ash-fly ash geopolymer." Cement and Concrete Composites 118 (April 2021): 103976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.103976.

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Susilowati, Anni, and Tsana Oktaviana. "Pengaruh Variasi Bottom Ash terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Mekanik pada Mortar Semen." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 7, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v7i3.139.

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ABSTRAKPenggunaan batu bara untuk pembangkit listrik semakin meningkat mengakibatkan menumpuknya limbah bottom ash yang berbahaya untuk lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh campuran bottom ash terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik mortar semen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan perbandingan campuran yaitu 1PC: 3PS dan variasi bottom ash sebesar 0%,20%,40%,60%,80% terhadap berat pasir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penggunaan bottom ash menurunkan nilai konsistensi sebesar 1,82% sampai dengan 45,45% dibandingkan tanpa penggunaan bottom ash. Penggunaan bottom ash 20% mampu meningkatkan kuat tekan sebesar 50% dan kuat lentur sebesar 28,3% pada umur 28 hari dibandingkan mortar semen tanpa bottom ash. Mortar semen termasuk mortar tipe S sesuai SNI 03-6882-2002.Kata kunci: abu dasar, mortar semen, pengganti agregat halus ABSTRACTThe increasing use of coal for power generation results in the accumulation of bottom ash waste which is harmful to the surrounding environment. This study aims to analyze the effect of bottom ash mixture on the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar. The research method used is an experimental method with a mixture ratio of 1PC: 3PS and bottom ash variations of 0%,20%,40%,60%,80% by weight of sand. The results of the analysis show that the use of bottom ash reduces the consistency value by 1.82% to 45.45% compared to without the use of bottom ash. The use of bottom ash 20% was able to increase the compressive strength by 50% and flexural strength by 28.3% at the age of 28 days compared to cement mortar without bottom ash. Cement mortar including type S mortar according to SNI 03-6882-2002.Keywords: bottom ash, cement mortar, substitute for fine aggregate
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Jun, Ng Hooi, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Kamarudin Husin, Soo Jin Tan, and Mohd Firdaus Omar. "Review on the Effect of Bottom Ash in Performance of Portland Cement Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 815 (November 2015): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.164.

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Utilization and suitability of bottom ash in Portland cement have been increasing significantly in recent year. Bottom ash has substantial effects on mechanical properties with different composition of replacement in mixture of bottom ash and Portland cement. Bottom ash was used to determine the feasibility of the substitution as recycling product from industry depending on the percentage of the bottom ash. On the other hand, bottom ash offers a better solution for maintaining materials characteristic of Portland cement mortar and also provide beneficial mechanical performance. The result of using bottom ash in Portland cement mortar showed that it could make better the mechanical properties and hence disposed bottom ash wastes safely in technical, economic and environmental methods.
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Suwunwong, Thitipone, Sutthida Boonsamran, Kanchana Watla-iad, Patcharanan Choto, Nuttachat Wisittipanit, Tanan Chub-uppakarn, and Khamphe Phoungthong. "Suitability and characteristics of combustion residues from renewable power plants for subbase aggregate materials, in Thailand." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 2264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2264-2278.

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Physico-chemical properties and the environmental impacts were studied relative to the leaching of rubber fly ash and bottom ash. The pozzolanic properties of fly ash and bottom ash were confirmed by the chemical composition, including silicon oxides, calcium oxides, and aluminum oxides. The geo-technical characteristics of rubber wood fly ash and bottom ash, i.e., modified compaction, plasticity, and the soaked California Bearing Ratio, were evaluated to assess the feasibility of fly ash or bottom ash mixed with lateritic soil as aggregate materials for the subbase in road construction in order to optimize the replacement of lateritic soil by fly ash or bottom ash. The leachates from rubber fly ash and bottom ash did not exceed standard thresholds. The measured characteristics of fly ash or bottom ash mixed with lateritic soil were in good alignment with the effective engineering thresholds. Recommendations were developed for safe reuse of byproducts from rubber renewable power plant in subbase road construction.
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Kwon, Woo Teck, Byung Ik Kim, Y. Kim, Soo Ryong Kim, and Sang Wook Ha. "Characterization of Power Plant Bottom Ash and its Application to Cement Mortar." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.221.

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In this work, the physical & chemical properties of bottom ash generated from power plant are analyzed. Characteristic mortar property and thermal conductivity for building material were investigated with content of added bottom ash. According to the analytic result of bottom ash, chemical compositions of bottom ash is similar to those of fly ash and compressive strength after 7days related to pozzolanic activity shows 2.5N/cm2 and it is confirmed that bottom ash possess a certain amount of moisture activity. Although the fluidity of cement mortar is rapidly decreased with increasing addition of bottom ash, compressive strength for 3 and 7days is increased. The thermal conductivity is not sensitive to the addition of bottom ash.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bottom ash"

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Kaya, Ayse Idil. "A Study On Blended Bottom Ash Cements." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612504/index.pdf.

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Cement production which is one of the most energy intensive industries plays a significant role in emitting the greenhouse gases. Blended cement production by supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and natural pozzolan is one of the smart approaches to decrease energy and ecology related concerns about the production. Fly ash has been used as a substance to produce blended cements for years, but bottom ash, its coarser counterpart, has not been utilized due to its lower pozzolanic properties. This thesis study aims to evaluate the laboratory performance of blended cements, which are produced both by fly ash and bottom ash. Fly ash and bottom ash obtained from Seyitö
mer Power Plant were used to produce blended cements in 10, 20, 30 and 40% by mass as clinker replacement materials. One ordinary portland cement and eight blended cements were produced in the laboratory. Portland cement was ground 120 min to have a Blaine value of 3500±
100 cm2/g. This duration was kept constant in the production of bottom ash cements. Fly ash cements were produced by blending of laboratory produced portland cement and fly ash. Then, 2, 7, 28 and 90 day compressive strengths, normal consistencies, soundness and time of settings of cements were determined. It was found that blended fly ash and bottom ash cements gave comparable strength results at 28 day curing age for 10% and 20% replacement. Properties of blended cements were observed to meet the requirements specified by Turkish and American standards.
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Larsson, Rasmus. "Energy recovery of metallic aluminium in MSWI bottom ash : Different approaches to hydrogen production from MSWI bottom ash: A case study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95064.

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Most of the wastes in Sweden end up in incinerator plants. These trashes are full of metals, especially aluminium, which will not oxidize, they can’t always be recycled and they will instead oxidize in water and leak hydrogen gas to its surrounding. Estimations calculate it could be an average potential of around 40-50 kWh/ton of burnt trash. Ignoring the imported trash, the national recovery potential of Sweden’s 4,3 million tonnes of trash would then be equal to 170-220 GWh/year due to non-recyclable metals, which are currently going to temporary landfills. The requirements to harness this potential are technically simple, and can be achieved by a quick separation of the recyclables and the non-recyclables. This report will review the factors which increase the rate of reaction and study different ways of extracting the energy, by electrolysis, thermal treatment and mechanical mixing. This was done by taking small samples from the MSWI, owned by Umeå Energi AB, and putting them in small containers. While using the different methods, electrolysis, thermal treatment and mechanichal mixing, the amount of developed H2 gas over time was measured. The result shows that the best methods are mechanical mixing together with thermal treatment, where mechanical mixing seems to give the biggest effect of them two. The electrolysis did not work as intended, where there could be issues with the conductivity of the ash-mixture.
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Ahmed, Abdalla Abdelkader Tawfeek. "Treatment and re-utilization of incinerator bottom ash waste." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540069.

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Pollution and waste are continually generated. The production of waste. however. has increased rapidly in recent years. An efficient and safe means of either neutralizing or disposing of this waste has been increasingly researched. In recent times, the potential of recycling and reusing the waste in construction works has been investigated. The studies have highlighted the benefits of such applications. In line with these studies, the current study investigated the suitability of using Incinerator Bottom Ash Waste (lBA W) as an alternative to conventional aggregates in the construction of road foundations. IBA W is a residual material produced by incinerating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The potential advantage of this approach is that the reuse of IBA W helps to conserve the supplies of conventional aggregates and reduces the landfills needed to store the waste. However, such applications may cause serious environmental impacts as IBA W may be exposed to intermittent infiltration as a consequence of precipitation events or altering of the water table, resulting in a potential release of pollutants to soil and groundwater. This work is divided into three main parts. The first part investigates the potential environmental impacts by using leaching tests for treated and untreated IBA W. The treatment including stabilization and chemical processes was applied in this study for IBA W by using different types of novel and traditional additives. This treatment aimed at immobilizing the pollutants by integrating them in a strong matrix. The Iysimeter as a leaching tool was adopted to assess the potential impact of changing conditions such as liquid to solid ratio (LIS), pH value, IBA W content and different treatment agents on long-term release of heavy metals and salts to estimate the environmental risks of IBA W. Appropriate and reliable leaching models based on initial measurement of intrinsic material properties and simplified testing were used to predict the release of constituents of concern from IBA W and its migration and fate into soil. The second part of the thesis aims at analyzing the microstructure of IBA W material by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) techniques. These tests are adopted to manifest the physical and chemical features of IBA Wand identify the nature of the materials and any secondary reaction elements, especially after mixing with water, with and without additives. This helps understanding the behaviour of the materials because there is a good correlation between the microstructural and chemical composition of the materials and their mechanical behaviour. The third part studies the mechanical properties of IBA W as an aggregate. An experimental programme has been undertaken to investigate the influence of treatment on the behaviour of IBA W blends for use as foundation layers. The research has focused on determining the blends' resilient modulus and permanent deformation. Cyclic and static triaxial compression tests were adopted to determine the materials' mechanical characteristics. Light Weight Falling Deflectometer (L WFD) test was also adopted as an in-situ evaluation for the elastic modulus of IBA W. Emphasis has been on examining the effect of various parameters, such as IBA W content, type and content of additives, moisture content, curing time and maximum nominal particle size on the behaviour of the investigated blends. The shakedown concept was adopted to evaluate the behaviour of the IBAW material under cyclic loading as a granular material. A new calculation model was proposed to estimate the plastic deformation of IBA W and granular materials under monotonic loading. Finite element modelling was adopted to simulate the IBA W material behaviour under static, cyclic and impact loading in macro and micro scales. The main findings of this study are that IBA W can be reused safely and successfully as an aggregate in construction applications. It also illustrated that IBA W may show similar or even better behaviour than conventional aggregate as observed under some conditions. IBA W also showed typical behaviour of conventional aggregates using the theoretical and modelling approaches. Some novel and traditional treatment agents resulted in a good improvement in IBA W behaviour in terms of environmental and mechanical properties.
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Paija, Navin. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING GROUND BOTTOM ASH IN GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2134.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF NAVIN PAIJA, for the Master of Science degree in CIVIL ENGINEERING, presented on 04/06/2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING GROUND BOTTOM ASH IN GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Dr. Manoj K. Mohanty United States alone has about three quarters of the accessible worldwide reserve of coal. There are about 511 coal-powered electric plants and generates about 33% of the nation’s electricity. The combustion of coal results in a large number of solid waste materials known as coal combustion byproducts (CCBs) that are stored in landfill or ponds. These are easily accessible and with proper research it can be put into beneficial use. Today concrete is the second most consumed substance after water. Concrete, a composite material made of a binder in combination with coarse and fine aggregate, is used in foundations and structures of buildings, bridges, roads, dams. Cement is the most widely used binder for concrete, however, research has shown that a single cement industry produces approximately 5% of global CO2 emissions, and one ton of Portland cement emits approximately one ton of CO2. This emission of CO2 is one of the main reasons for global warming and has detrimental impacts on environment. The possibility of using fly ash and bottom ash as an alternative to cement as a binder to produce sustainable concrete is investigated in this study. The process of geopolymerization includes the reaction of ash and an alkali activated solution made of diluted sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. The initial objective of this study was to produce fly ash geopolymer concrete which has a strength comparable to that of cement concrete. However, later the possibility of bottom ash as a binder material for geopolymer production was also studied. During this study, the strength of conventional mortar with 10%, 20%, and 30% cement replacement with fly ash and bottom ash was experimented and compared with strength of cement mortar. The test results showed that with increase in the fly ash and bottom ash replacement the strength of the mortars decreased, moreover, the mortars that was replaced by bottom ash produced better results than that of the fly ash replacement. Also, the effect of increase in the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio on the strength of geopolymer mortar is studied. Sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.5, 2.5, and 3 is used in this ratio, and the test results showed that with the increase in this ratio the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar also increased. Similarly, different combinations of fly ash and bottom ash is used to produce geopolymer mortars. The results showed that geopolymer mortar with higher bottom ash content produced better results. The effect of ground fly ash and bottom ash on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar is also studied. The test result showed that with increase in fineness of fly ash and bottom ash, there was slight improvement in the strength.
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Fizette, Hobson H. "Development of concrete composites by synergistically using Illinois PCC Bottom Ash and Class F Fly Ash /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1328063751&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nilsson, Mirja. "Environmental assessment of bottom ash pre-treated with zero valent iron." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16832.

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Bottom ash has similar properties as crushed rocks and gravel, andcould replace some of the 40 million tonnesof virgin material used for road constructions each year.However, results presented in the literature indicate thatthe leaching of e.g. Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn can cause athreat to the sur rounding environment if the materialis used as it is. A common pre-treatment method is carbonation, whichwill reduce the pH and thereby decrease the leaching of several metals. This treatment is however not always enough, so alternative methods areneeded. One possibility could be to increase the number of sorption sites for the metals. The importance of iron oxides as sorption sits for metals isknown from both mineralogical studies of bottom ash as well as from theremediation of contaminated soil, where iron is used as an amendment.Zero valent iron (Fe 0) was therefore added prior to accelerated agingin order to increase the number of adsorption sites for metals and thereby improving the leaching quality. The performed leaching tests showed that theaddition of Fe 0 prior to accelerated aging improved the quality of the leachate compared with untreated bottom ash. There was also a significant de crease of Cu, Cr, Mo and Zn from bottom ash treated with Fe0 prior to accelerated aging com pared with bottom ash submitted to only accelerated aging. In order to make an environmental assessment of the bottom ash pretreated with Fe 0 prior to accelerated aginggeochemical modeling was performed using different pH and redox potentialsin order to simulate variations in the environment.The results in dicated that the leaching of Cr, Cr, Mo and Pb would not cause harm to the environment.Zn, however, was affected by changes in pH and leached in harmful aounts at pH values velow 6 and above 10.There are reasons to question the results from the geochemical modellingsince the results from pH-stat tests showedthat several elements leached at potentially harmful levelsat several of the tested pH. To fully evaluate the effect of addition of Fe0should the mineralogy of the pretreated bottom ash be evaluated further, in order to see what forms iron oxides are pre sent and if other metals are associated with them. However, in order to improve the quality of bottom ash,focus should be directed torwards what type of wastes that areincinerated and on the incineration process.
Godkänd; 2014; 20141110 (mirnil); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Mirja Nilsson Ämne: Avfallsteknik/Waste Science and Technology Uppsats: Environmental Assessment of Bottom Ash Pre-Treated with Zero Valent Iron Examinator: Professor Anders Lagerkvist, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Tekn Dr Josef Mácsik, Ecoloop, Stockholm Tid: Onsdag den 17 december 2014 kl 13,00 Plats: Rum F1030, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Magnusson, Ylva. "Environmental Systems Analysis for utilisation of bottom ash in ground constructions." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32674.

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To decrease the disposal of waste and to save natural resources, several political initiatives have been initiated both in Sweden and at a European level. Therefore an urgent task is to find suitable utilisation areas for residuals, such as construction materials. For residual products to be an interesting alternative to conventional aggregates, such as sand, gravel or crushed rock, it is important that the material is environmentally acceptable. So far, environmental evaluations of residuals mainly have focused on measurements of total chemical content and leaching behaviour. The result has been that the positive effects, like for example less disposal of material and reduced extraction of natural aggregates, not have been considered in the evaluations. At the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, a method that uses a broader system perspective has been developed. The method is based on an Environmental Systems Analysis (ESA) approach and can act as a complement to the current leaching test. The method has been used for studying the difference in environmental impacts that can be expected if bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is used in road construction or is disposed of. This study contributes with an expanded set of scenarios for application of the MSWI bottom ash and with an improvement of data quality for disposal of material. The new application of MSWI bottom ash is its use as a drainage material in covering structures in a landfill. The thesis showed that leaching of metals, resource use and emissions to air were the environmental flows that were of most importance for assessing the environmental impact of the studied scenarios. The use of MSWI bottom ash in road construction was found to be the most environmentally preferable alternative, compared to utilisation of the MSWI bottom ash as drainage material in a landfill structure or disposal of the ash. None of the applications were free from negative environmental impact and different categories of impact were dominating in the different applications. However, these results are strongly dependent on the chosen system boundaries. The results are sensitive to changes in parameters such as transport distance and the conditions affecting leaching, for example the amount of precipitation. Besides these results, new life cycle data for disposal of material is presented in the study. Previous data for the environmental impact from disposal of material were old and lacked important information, such as the environmental impact related to covering structure in the landfill. The ESA approach allowed both resource use and emissions to be considered and can therefore be seen as valuable complement to other studies that use a narrower system perspective. The results can be used to improve information for decision support concerning waste management.
Både på europeisk och svensk nivå finns politiska drivkrafter för att öka återvinningen och återanvändningen av avfall och på så vis minska mängden avfall som förs till deponi. Det ses därför som en angelägen uppgift att finna lämpliga sätt att återanvända restprodukter, exempelvis som konstruktionsmaterial. För att restprodukter överhuvudtaget ska vara ett alternativ till konventionella material såsom sand, grus eller bergkross är det viktigt att miljöbedömningar av materialet görs. Hittills har debatten om användningen av restprodukter präglats av ett snävt systemperspektiv, där man framförallt fokuserat på materialens utlakningsrisker. Positiva effekter i form av exempelvis minskad deponering och minskad naturresursutvinning har inte beaktats i samma utsträckning. Vid KTH i Stockholm har en metod utvecklats som har ett bredare systemperspektiv, vilket kan ses som ett komplement till dagens fokusering på utlakningsrisker. Metoden baseras på ett miljösystemanalysperspektiv och i de pågående studierna har man studerat skillnaderna i miljöeffekter som uppstår då bottenaska från avfallsförbränning används vid vägbyggnation eller deponeras. Den här studien syftar till att utvidga metoden med ännu ett alternativ av nyttiggörande av avfallsbottenaska, nämligen som dräneringsmaterial vid deponitäckning, samt förbättra kvalitén på livscykeldata för deponering av material. Tre viktiga aspekter för att bestämma miljöpåverkan visade sig vara utlakning av metaller från materialen, resurshushållning samt utsläpp till luft från energianvändningen. Resultatet visade att alternativet att använda askan vid vägbyggnation är att föredra i jämförelse med att använda askan som dräneringsmaterial vid deponitäckning eller att deponera askan. Inget alternativ i studien var dock fritt från miljöpåverkan och skilda typer av miljöpåverkan dominerade i de olika alternativen. Resultat från studien visade sig vara känsligt för förändring av transportavstånd och parametrar som påverkar utlakningen, exempel mängden regn. Dessa resultat ska dock ses mot bakgrund av de systemgränser som valts och de antaganden som gjorts i metoden. Vid sidan om dessa resultat presenteras nya livscykeldata för deponering av material som tagits fram i studien. Tidigare existerande värden för deponering av material var inaktuella och ofta var inte alla påverkande parametrar som exempelvis sluttäckning av deponin inkluderade. Examensarbetet visar att miljösystemanalys som metod inte bara beaktar utlakningsrisker vid miljöbedömning av omhändertagande av restmaterial utan tar även hänsyn till resursförbrukning och emissioner. Denna typ av riskbedömning kan exempelvis användas i beslutsunderlag för avfallshantering på regional nivå.
www.ima.kth.se
Environment systems analysis for the use of residuals – A regional perspective on the utilisation of ashes in ground construction
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Maldonado, Alameda Alex. "Alkali-activated binders based on municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672107.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is the most widely used solution in those countries where landfilling areas are limited. Incineration allows reducing the total volume of waste (up to 90%) and generating energy resulting from combustion. The main by-product generated in waste-to-energy plants is known as incineration bottom ash (IBA), which is a heterogeneous mixture of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ceramics, and glass. IBA is classified as a non- hazardous material due to its composition rich in calcium oxide, silica, and iron. IBA composition and morphology are very similar to natural siliceous aggregates after an ageing treatment where the weathered bottom ash (WBA) is obtained. This maturation process makes feasible the WBA valorisation as a secondary aggregate in the field of construction and civil engineering. Moreover, the high percentage of glass and aluminium found in the WBA would allow its valorisation as a precursor in the alkali-activated binders (AABs) formulation. The main goal of this PhD thesis was the scientific and technological development of new AABs based on the alkali activation of WBA (AA-WBA binders), to reduce the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in building and civil engineering fields. In this sense, this aim is related to the use of more sustainable cement-based materials, which promote the circular economy and zero-waste principle through the valorisation of WBA. The potential of WBA as a precursor in the AA-WBA binders’ formulation was evaluated along with the PhD thesis through different studies that can be classified into four blocks. The first block was based on the evaluation of the WBA potential as a precursor in AABs based on its particle size. This study demonstrated the variability in the reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 availability as a function of the particle size. The potential of the entire fraction (EF) and the 8-30-mm fraction highlighted the possible use of them as precursors in the AABs formulation. The second block of this thesis was focused on the study of AA-WBA binders using the WBA as a sole precursor. Mixtures of sodium silicate (WG) and NaOH (2M, 4M, 6M, and 8M) were used as alkaline activator solutions to assess the effect of the NaOH concentration on the final properties. It was demonstrated the possibility of developing AA-WBA. The influence of alkaline activator solution concentration on the final properties of the AA-WBA was evidenced, obtaining better mechanical performance with the use of the WG/NaOH 6M solution. The results revealed the enhancement in the mechanical properties when the 8-30-mm fraction was used. However, the environmental results revealed arsenic and antimony leaching values that require further research to validate the environmental feasibility of AA-WBA. In the third block, the 8-30-mm fraction was mixed with other precursors with greater availability of Al2O3 (metakaolin and PAVAL®). The main purpose was to improve the mechanical properties and the heavy metal stabilisation effect of the AA- WBA obtained in the second block. In both cases, mechanical performance was improved due to the inclusion of Al2O3. However, the environmental properties continued to show leaching values that did not ensure the environmental viability of the AA-WBA binders. Finally, the fourth block of the thesis was focused on carrying out an environmental and ecotoxicological assessment to validate the use of AA-WBA binders as construction material. The results showed a medium-low level of ecotoxicity in the AA-WBA formulated with the 8-30-mm fraction, similar to the binders activated with MK (AA-MK).
El principal subproducte generat durant la incineració de residus sòlids urbans es coneix com a cendra de fons. La seva composició és molt similars als agregats silícics naturals després d’un tractament d’envelliment on s’obté la cendra de fons madurada (weathered bottom ash; WBA segons les sigles angleses). El seu alt contingut en vidre i alumini el converteixen en un potencial candidat com a precursor en la fabricació d’aglutinants activats alcalinament (alkali-activated binders, AABs segons les sigles angleses). L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi doctoral va consistir en el desenvolupament de AABs mitjançant l’activació alcalina de WBA (aglutinants AA-WBA). El potencial de la WBA i els aglutinants AA-WBA es va avaluar mitjançant diferents estudis que es poden classificar en quatre blocs. Al primer bloc es va avaluar el potencial de WBA com a precursor en funció de la seva mida de partícula. Aquest estudi va demostrar el potencial de la fracció sencera i de la fracció 8-30 mm. El segon bloc es va centrar en l’estudi d’aglutinants AA-WBA que utilitzaven el WBA com a únic precursor. Es va evidenciar la influència de la concentració de la solució activadora alcalina en les propietats finals dels aglutinants AA-WBA. Els resultats van revelar la millora de les propietats mecàniques quan es va utilitzar la fracció 8-30 mm. No obstant, els resultats ambientals van revelar valors de lixiviació d'arsènic i antimoni que requerien la validació a nivell ambiental dels aglutinants. Al tercer bloc, la fracció 8-30 mm es va barrejar amb altres precursors rics en d’Al2O3 (metakaolin i PAVAL®) per millorar les propietats mecàniques i l’estabilització de metalls pesants dels aglutinants obtinguts al segon bloc. En ambdós casos, es va millorar el rendiment mecànic, tot i que les propietats ambientals van continuar mostrant valors de lixiviació que no asseguraven la viabilitat ambiental dels aglutinants AA-WBA. Finalment, al quart bloc es va realitzar una avaluació ambiental i ecotoxicològica per validar l’ús d’aglutinants AA-WBA com a material de construcció. Els resultats van mostrar un nivell mitjà-baix d’ecotoxicitat a l’AA-WBA formulat amb la fracció de 8 a 30 mm, similar als aglutinants activats amb MK (AA-MK).
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Olsson, Susanna. "Environmental assessment of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in road constructions." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : KTH Land and Water Resource Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-435.

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Lacour, Nicholas Alexander. "Engineering Characteristics of Coal Combustion Residuals and a Reconstitution Technique for Triaxial Samples." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33680.

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Traditionally, coal combustion residuals (CCRs) were disposed of with little engineering consideration. Initially, common practice was to use a wet-scrubbing system to cut down on emissions of fly ash from the combustion facilities, where the ash materials were sluiced to the disposal facility and allowed to sediment out, forming deep deposits of meta-stable ash. As the life of the disposal facility progressed, new phases of the impoundment were constructed, often using the upstream method. One such facility experienced a massive slope stability failure on December 22, 2008 in Kingston, Tennessee, releasing millions of cubic yards of impounded ash material into the Watts Bar reservoir and damaging surrounding property. This failure led to the call for new federal regulations on CCR disposal areas and led coal burning facilities to seek out geotechnical consultants to review and help in the future design of their disposal facilities. CCRs are not a natural soil, nor a material that many geotechnical engineers deal with on a regular basis, so this thesis focuses on compiling engineering characteristics of CCRs determined by different researchers, while also reviewing current engineering practice when dealing with CCR disposal facilities. Since the majority of coal-burning facilities used the sluicing method to dispose of CCRs at one point, many times it is desirable to construct new "dry-disposal" phases above the retired ash impoundments; since in-situ sampling of CCRs is difficult and likely produces highly disturbed samples, a sample reconstitution technique is also presented for use in triaxial testing of surface impounded CCRs.
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Books on the topic "Bottom ash"

1

Hooton, R. D. The effects of fly ash and bottom ash fills on embedded concrete. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Usmen, M. A. Recirculating sand filters using bottom ash and boiler slag. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Shahidan, Shahiron, and Nurul Izzati Raihan Ramzi Hannan. Acoustic And Non-Acoustic Performance Coal Bottom Ash Concrete. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7463-4.

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Landsburg, Sandra Lee Coates. The use of bottom ash as an amendment to sodic spoil. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee, 1987.

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Bin Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Haziman, Shahiron Shahidan, Hassan Amer Algaifi, Ahmad Farhan Bin Hamzah, and Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya. Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Coal Bottom Ash Under Aggressive Environments. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2395-0.

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Monroe County (N.Y.). Dept. of Health. The environmental impacts of utilizing fly ash as a bottom sealant for lakes resoration: Final report. [Albany]: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 1988.

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English L2 reading: Getting to the bottom. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002.

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I'm not married to a bottle of wine. Pittsburgh, Pa: RoseDog Books, 2010.

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Serebryakov, Andrey, and Gennadiy Zhuravlev. Exploitation of oil and gas fields by horizontal wells. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971768.

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The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.
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ill, Paschkis Julie, and Song Pei, eds. Pulisi nai nai de ping zi wu: Bottle houses : the creative world of grandma Prisbrey. Taibei shi: Dian cang yi shu jia ting gu fen you xian gong si, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bottom ash"

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Chiang, Pen-Chi, and Shu-Yuan Pan. "Fly Ash, Bottom Ash, and Dust." In Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization, 253–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_12.

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Coenen, Aaron R., Hani H. Titi, and Mohammed B. Elias. "Resilient Characteristics of Bottom Ash and Bottom Ash-Soil Mixtures." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 112–31. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp49467t.

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Coenen, Aaron R., Hani H. Titi, and Mohammed B. Elias. "Resilient Characteristics of Bottom Ash and Bottom Ash-Soil Mixtures." In Testing and Specification of Recycled Materials for Sustainable Geotechnical Construction, 112–31. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp154020120006.

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Shahidan, Shahiron, and Nurul Izzati Raihan Ramzi Hannan. "Coal Bottom Ash (CBA)." In Acoustic And Non-Acoustic Performance Coal Bottom Ash Concrete, 3–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7463-4_2.

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Weiss-Hortala, Elsa, Anthony Chesnaud, Laurène Haurie, Nathalie Lyczko, Rajesh Munirathinam, Ange Nzihou, Séverine Patry, Doan Pham Minh, and Claire E. White. "Solid Residues (Biochar, Bottom Ash, Fly Ash, …)." In Handbook on Characterization of Biomass, Biowaste and Related By-products, 1307–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35020-8_15.

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Krishnan, Prathik Anand, V. Pradeep Gokul, B. Adithya, and Anil Kumar Sharma. "Bottom Ash Stabilized Subgrade Soil Admixed with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 179–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5669-9_15.

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Kumar, Anil, P. Jitendra Singh, K. Manish Jain, and K. Deependra Sinha. "Durability Properties of Admixture of Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and GBFS." In Proceedings of International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Clean and Sustainable Development (ICITCSD – 2021), 675–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93936-6_55.

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Yun, Chin Mei, Md Rezaur Rahman, Kuok King Kuok, Amelia Chai Pei Sze, Javan Liew San Jer, Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri, and Mohammed Mahbubul Matin. "Bottom Ash as Sand Filler Replacement in Concrete." In Waste Materials in Advanced Sustainable Concrete, 97–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98812-8_6.

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Suloshini, S., A. S. Ranathunga, S. A. S. Kulathilaka, W. B. Gunawardana, and M. M. S. T. M. Mapa. "Utilization of Bottom Ash for Clay Mine Rehabilitation." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 101–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4412-2_9.

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Minane, Jacques Rémy, and Raffaele Vinai. "Bottom Ash: Production, Characterisation, and Potential for Recycling." In Minerals and Waste, 155–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16135-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bottom ash"

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bin Mohd Sani, Mohd Syahrul Hisyam, Ahmad Rasidi Osman, and Fadhluhartini bt Muftah. "Comparison study of Bottom Ash Aggregate and Washed Bottom Ash Aggregate in concrete: Physical aspect." In 2011 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ISBEIA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbeia.2011.6088799.

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Aydin, Firat. "NICKEL SPECIATION IN ASPHALTITE BOTTOM ASH." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/11/s04.118.

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G. S., Ryu, Koh K. T., Kim S. H., Kang S. T., and Lee J. H. "Mechanical Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Using Bottom Ash and Fly Ash." In Research, Development and Practice in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_m-62-0442.

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Gražulytė, Judita, Audrius Vaitkus, Alfredas Laurinavičius, and Ovidijus Šernas. "Performance of concrete mixtures containing MSWI bottom ash." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1164.

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In the European Union, each inhabitant annually generates about 500 kg of municipal waste. About 30 % of this are incinerated in waste-to-energy plants. It results in approximately 20 million tonnes of residues known as municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash, which is typically landfilled. To address the continuous growth of landfills and to implement zero waste and circular economy policies, researchers are focusing on possibilities to use MSWI bottom ash in civil engineering instead of landfilling. One of them is to replace natural aggregates in concrete mixtures applicable for roads with MSWI bottom ash. Therefore, the subject of this research is the performance of concrete mixtures containing different amount (0–100%) and fraction (0/5–0/16) of MSWI bottom ash. Four specimens with similar aggregate gradations were designed. Each of them was mixed with two different amount (340 kg/m3 and 300 kg/m3) of cement (CEM I 42.5 R). In total eight different concrete mixtures were tested and analysed. The performance of designed concrete mixtures containing different amount of MSWI bottom ash was evaluated according to density and compressive strength after 28 days. The results showed good MSWI bottom ash performance as a substitute for natural aggregates. The compressive strength after 28 days varied from 21 MPa to 29 MPa depending on the aggregate type and amount of MSWI bottom ash and cement. For concrete mixtures made only of MSWI bottom ash at least 340 kg/m3 of cement is required to achieve compressive strength higher than 20 MPa.
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Deraman, Laila Mardiah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Liew Yun Ming, and Kamarudin Hussin. "Density and morphology studies on bottom ash and fly ash geopolymer brick." In ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V: International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering and Technology 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981869.

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Xiao, Y., M. Oorsprong, Y. Yang, and J. H. L. Voncken. "Vitrification of Bottom Ash From AVR MSW Incinerators." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3192.

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During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated either into bottom ash, or carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in fly-ash. If these minor but harmful elements are not properly isolated and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pollution to the air, soil and water. The stricter environmental regulations to be implemented in the near future in the Netherlands require a higher immobilization efficiency of the bottom ash treatment. In the present study, MSW incinerator bottom ash was vitrified at higher temperatures and the slag formed and metal recovered were examined. The behaviour of soluble elements that remain in the slag is evaluated by leaching extraction. The thermodynamics of slag and metal formation is discussed. The results obtained can provide a valuable route to treat the ashes from incinerators, and to make recycling and more efficient utilization of the bottom ash possible.
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Soleh, Mochamad, Yudi Hidayat, and Zaenal Abidin. "Development of Coal Fired Power Plant Aging Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Utilization." In 2019 International Conference on Technologies and Policies in Electric Power & Energy. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf48524.2019.9102477.

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"Using High-Volume Fly Ash in lightweight Concrete with Bottom Ash as Aggregate." In "SP-199: Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/10486.

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Pando, Miguel A., Robert H. Swan, Jr., Youngjin Park, and Scott Sheridan. "Experimental Study of Bottom Coal Ash-Geogrid Interaction." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.031.

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Suloshini, S., A. S. Ranathunga, S. A. S. Kulathilaka, and W. B. Gunawardana. "Prediction of Compaction Characteristics of Coal Bottom Ash." In 2021 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon52712.2021.9525782.

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Reports on the topic "Bottom ash"

1

Karim, Ahmed, C. Lovell, and Rodrigo Salgado. Building Embankments of Fly/Bottom Ash Mixtures. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313157.

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Ke, Te-Chih. The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314182.

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Ke, Te-Chih. The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash. Purdue University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313433.

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Huang, Wei-Hsing. The Use of Bottom Ash in Highway Embankments, Subgrades, and Subbases. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314179.

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Huang, Wei-Hsing. The Use of Bottom Ash in Highway Embankments, Subgrades, and Subbases. Purdue University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313434.

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Francis, A. J., X. C. Wang, S. Chatterjee, M. F. Landry, and K. E. Forrester. Citrate extraction of heavy metals from incinerator bottom ash. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130404.

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Ke, Te-Chih. The Physical Durability and Electrical Resistivity of Indiana Bottom Ash : Executive Summary. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314183.

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Huang, Wei-Hsing. The Use of Bottom Ash in Highway Embankments, Subgrades, and Subbases : Executive Summary. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314180.

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Hunt, L., and A. Boehmer. Development process for the stabilization of incinerator bottom ash and sizing baghouse dust material. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7082973.

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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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