Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)"

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Jebarajakirthy, Charles, and Paramaporn Thaichon. "Marketing microcredit to bottom of the pyramid market." International Journal of Bank Marketing 34, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-12-2014-0176.

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Purpose – The leading multinational companies tend to expand their marketing activities to bottom of pyramid (BOP) market. The BOP market comprises many segments, however, little is known about the purchase behaviour of BOP market or segments therein. Microcredit provides credit access to customers in BOP market. The purpose of this paper is to investigate youth’s intentions of obtaining microcredit in the post-war era, which could be a segment of BOP market. Design/methodology/approach – The sample comprised 1,250 youth aged 18-27 selected from the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Surveys were administered for data collection. After testing measurement model, two structural models – full model and non-mediated model (direct effects model) were run to test hypotheses. Findings – Positive affect, subjective norms, entrepreneurial desire and self-identity enhanced intentions of obtaining microcredit, whereas perceived deterrents reduced those intentions. Additionally, self-identity mediated the association between positive affect, entrepreneurial desire, perceived behavioural control and knowledge of microcredit, and intentions of obtaining microcredit. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted amongst youth in one country. Also, the data were cross-sectional. Hence, the model needs testing with youth and adults in other post-war contexts and with longitudinal data. Practical implications – The findings of this study inform how effectively microcredit can be marketed to youth in post-war contexts and to the other segments of BOP market. Originality/value – A unique purchase behavioural model is suggested with the mediating role of self-identity, to enhance intentions of obtaining microcredit in BOP markets, such as youth in post-war contexts. This study contributes to literature relating to purchase behaviour and self-identity, with particular reference to BOP market.
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Pizzagalli, Lisa, Akshit Sharma, and Dana-Nicoleta Lascu. "Marketing at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Serving, and in the Service of Low-Income Consumers." Innovative Marketing 14, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.14(2).2018.04.

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Most academic studies in marketing have focused on advanced economies and fast-developing, large emerging markets (Sharma & Lascu, 2018). Until recently, only a few marketing studies have addressed subsistence markets; yet, there are over 4 billion bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) consumers living below less than 1.25 dollars a day in underserved areas worldwide (Kaplinsky, 2011; Sharma & Lascu, 2018). The present study attempts to bridge the gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive review of the theory and practice addressing the subject of marketing at the bottom of the pyramid, focusing on marketing approaches to BOP consumers that both efficiently sell products to this market and enrich their quality of life. The study suggests that selling products to the bottom of the pyramid may be profitable, but companies must be creative in their approach to formulating marketing strategies in order to engage BOP consumers and earn a profit. Marketers should also cater to BOP consumers’ needs in order to foster strong and enduring relationships.
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Ladd, Ted. "Business models at the bottom of the pyramid." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 18, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316686242.

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Social enterprises serve distributed electricity to the bottom of the world’s economic pyramid (BoP), where 4 billion people live on less than US$2 per day and 1.6 billion lack access to electricity. Current mainstream theories of business models do not fully explain the logic by which these ventures create and capture value. Through interviews with 30 practicing entrepreneurs selling distributed electricity directly to rural BoP consumers, we employ grounded theory to derive a new framework of business models for the BoP that embeds the venture’s offering into the context of the marketplace, including the consumer’s social network, daily habits, mental models, and product constellations. This framework also incorporates affordability and the influences of government regulation. With further research, several of the concepts proposed in this framework might also apply to business models in other BoP sectors and in developed, mature, competitive markets.
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Agnihotri, Arpita. "Responsible innovation at the bottom of the pyramid." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-02-2016-0018.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore various routes through firms can meet needs of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) consumers in a socially responsible manner. Design/methodology/approach This is viewpoint paper based on evidences from archival sources. Findings The authors list possible and divergent answers to the following question: how to make innovations meaningful at BOP so that they can be acclaimed socially responsible for the BoP consumers. Originality/value Responsible innovation is yet unexplored part of business strategy especially in emerging markets. The authors throw light on this aspect.
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Rabino, Samuel. "The bottom of the pyramid: an integrative approach." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2012-0081.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) in the context of the knowledge economy. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual approach integrating the BOP perspective, diffusion of innovations, and the new product development process. Findings – This paper structures a framework that might be helpful in advancing the competitiveness and product development capabilities of multinationals. Practical implications – The paper provides managers of multinational companies with an organized way of evaluating opportunities in BOP markets in the context of a global knowledge economy. Originality/value – The paper incorporates ideas and theories from three business and marketing fields into a framework that could be used as basis for an action plan.
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Rajagopal. "Branding paradigm for the bottom of the pyramid markets." Measuring Business Excellence 13, no. 4 (November 13, 2009): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13683040911006792.

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PurposeThis paper aims to deliver new models of brand management in bottom‐of‐the‐pyramid (BoP) markets, considering the personality traits, image, technology and reputation of firms associated with the brands.Design/methodology/approachReviewing the previous research studies, the paper advocates new strategies for enhancing the performance of global brands in BoP market segments, improving brand‐positioning approaches, measuring brand performance and consumer value, evaluating brand attributes, and underlining brand dynamics in the competitive marketplace.FindingsThe study argues that the performance of global brands in low‐profile consumer market segments is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination problems along the brand promotions, consumption and consumer value chain. Hence, firms looking towards managing brands in BoP market segments need to reduce brand costs by increasing the volume of sales and augmenting consumer value. Brands of BoP market segments are socially and culturally embedded. They are co‐created by consumers and firms, and positioned with the influence of brand equity of the premium market. Unlike traditional brands, BoP brands may be sufficiently malleable to support brand interpretations in the rural and suburban consumer segments.Research limitations/implicationsAcquired brands need to be merged into the existing structure, especially where these brands occupy market positions similar to those of existing brands. A balance needs to be maintained between the brand name and its equity. Managers should keep themselves better informed about consumer needs, market changes and company initiatives, thereby enabling staff to help consumers to improve service quality, which in turn can improve market positioning.Practical implicationsIn today's rapidly changing product markets, a firm needs to focus on a limited number of strategic brands in international markets in order to consolidate and strengthen its position and enhance brand power. The paper offers new business strategies to managers on brand positioning and targeting in suburban and rural markets with convenience packaging, pricing and psychodynamics.Originality/valueNew initiatives to manage global brands in BoP markets comprising suburban and rural markets that need to be implemented in the existing organizational culture are discussed.
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Ahrens, Fred, David Dobrzykowski, and William Sawaya. "Addressing mass-customization trade-offs in bottom of the pyramid markets." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2018-0048.

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Purpose Manufacturers find bottom of the pyramid (BOP) markets challenging to serve due to low margins and highly localized needs. As such, residents in BOP markets often go without products commonly available in developed countries. Going without medical equipment may negatively affect healthcare services. This study develops a supply chain design strategy that supports the production of medical equipment by preserving variety flexibility at low volumes that stands to create new market opportunities for manufacturers and improve healthcare for residents in BOP markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors introduce a mass-customization model called options-based planning (OBP) which offers a framework to both leverage the efficiencies of high volume production models and provide products that are customized to local market needs. An empirical simulation, grounded in data collected from a large international manufacturer of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment, illustrates how an OBP production strategy will likely perform under BOP conditions and facilitate the delivery of healthcare equipment to BOP markets. Findings OBP provides a means for manufacturers to provide the customization necessary to serve fragmented BOP markets, while enabling higher production volume to make serving these markets more feasible. The empirical simulation reveals the relative benefits of OBP under conditions of forecast uncertainty, product complexity (number of design parameters) and different levels of responsiveness. Social implications Increased access to modern medical equipment should improve healthcare outcomes for consumers in BOP markets. Originality/value The MRI context in BOP markets serves to illustrate the value of the OBP model for manufacturers.
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Mathur, Mahima, Ritu Mehta, and Sanjeev Swami. "Developing a marketing framework for the bottom of the pyramid consumers." Journal of Advances in Management Research 17, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-01-2020-0015.

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PurposeThis paper develops a comprehensive marketing framework that firms could use as a foundation for developing a successful business model that ensures sustainability in BOP markets.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a qualitative research approach based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with founders or senior managers of Indian firms who have been successfully operating in the Indian BOP market. The data is then systematically coded and categorized with the help of software to get better insights.FindingsThe findings of the paper indicate that although the traditional 4As of marketing are important, they do not explain the success of firms adequately. Based on the findings of the interviews, we propose an 8A model that comprises the original 4As along with adaptability, assistance, action innovation and accelerating scale.Practical implicationsThe proposed 8A framework would be useful for domestic and multi-national firms aiming to make a foray into the Indian BOP market.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on the BOP market by identifying the factors important for succeeding in the BOP market. It builds on the 4A model to propose 8As marketing framework in the context of BOP markets.
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Chatterjee, Suparna. "Engaging with an emergent metanarrative: A critical exploration of the BOP proposition." Organization 21, no. 6 (July 19, 2013): 888–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508413494435.

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Recently, market-based strategies for poverty alleviation have emerged central to discourses on global poverty. One of the main proponents of market oriented strategy for poverty eradication was C. K. Prahalad whose publication Fortunes at the Bottom of the Pyramid paved the way for future work on business and poverty. It is curious that despite widespread discussions on the validity and relevance of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) proposition by supporters and critics, there has been little sustained analysis of the foundational ideas, concepts and themes as outlined in the original BOP proposal. While by no means representative of the entire BOP field, Prahalad’s ideas deserve close attention because they provides the enabling conditions for the emergence of what I identify as the BOP ‘metanarrative’. In this article, I engage critically with Prahalad’s BOP proposition to highlight some of the theoretical and conceptual issues at stake in the BOP arguments. Specifically, I look at how globalization, partnerships, informality and enterprise, among others, are mobilized to accommodate and legitimize market development at the bottom of the pyramid. I conclude the article by emphasizing that the BOP project would be well served if it engaged in critical self-reflection as it may help to orient future iterations of the BOP strategy in ways that are less celebratory and more circumspect about the possibilities and potentials of linking the pursuit of profit with the goals of poverty relief and empowerment.
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Tate, Wendy L., Lydia Bals, and Donna Marshall. "Supply chain management at the base of the pyramid." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 438–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2019-390.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compile a set of articles tackling supply chain issues in BOP contexts that address both demand and supply. Solutions are needed for global sustainability problems from medical aid and food availability to the ability to participate in supply chains for the global poor. Design/methodology/approach The accepted articles in the special issue used a range of qualitative and quantitative methodologies to answer research questions in a variety of base of the pyramid (BOP) contexts. These approaches and results distinguish between demand (BOP market) and supply, or base of the chain (BOC), perspectives. Findings The findings in the eight accepted marticles are interesting and applicable across different BOP contexts. Compilation of the articles into the special issue and the accompanying editorial led to a comprehensive future research agenda that addresses demand-side issues by investigating the customers in BOP markets, and supply-side issues focusing on the suppliers and intermediaries (BOC) who supply BOP markets. Future research ideas include a focus on supply chain design issues situated at the intersection of the demand (BOP) and the supply (BOC) concerns that address the needs of the world’s poorest populations. Research limitations/implications All of the selected articleshave societal implications related to addressing the needs of BOP populations. Many of these articles also have economic and environmental implications, the other two pillars of the triple bottom line. The detailed future research agenda developed in this editorial presents implications for researchers working in emerging and BOP communities to push research forward and further develop the foundational literature in the BOP context. Practical implications From a practical standpoint, each of the eight articles presents ideas for businesses that help address the needs of the global poor while enhancing global sustainability performance. The editorial summarizes these implications and provides new directions and examples of success in the BOP context. Managers are provided with techniques to address the supply and demand side of these growing markets. Originality/value The overall conceptual framework and positioning of the final papers into the BOP market, BOC suppliers and a combination of the two is novel and helps provide guidance to both scholars and managers.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)"

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Nel, Daniël Louis. "Managers’ less favourable attitude towards bottom of the pyramid (BOP) customers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26823.

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Investment in low income markets is increasing so too is a sense of controversy regarding poor markets. With BOP investment becoming many a firms’ strategy towards achieving growth, it is not clear to what extent managers’ attitudes to poor customers differ towards their attitudes towards middle-class customers. It is, however, well described that attitudes to poor people in a social context is negative and in some cases less favourable. It is postulated that business' mindset may be a barrier towards engaging with BOP markets despite the incentives and benefits that literature puts forward for marketing to the poor. Whether this attitude is negative, neutral, less favourable or similar is not well understood. The findings of this research project, can with a high level of confidence, report that the attitudes of a sample of managers do display a less favourable attitude towards a poor customer than is the case with a similar sample that is exposed to a wealthier customer.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Seetaram, Sarvesh. "Bottom of the Pyramid : profit versus welfare – metrics that matter." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45040.

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The research project investigated the trade-off between profit and social welfare objectives and whether metrics existed to measure the social welfare objectives set and the impact made. The study was conducted with leading brands within their respective categories and that are currently active in the South African BoP consumer market. The BoP market is widely recognised as an opportunity for business in developing markets to gain penetration of their brands and grow profits. How much of this ambition is married with social welfare objectives that aim to give back rather than just take out of the communities that they operate in? The challenge has been on what social impact to target and how to measure this. The research project was done using a quantitative research method, sampling brands that are within the top three sellers of their respective categories for LSM 1-4 consumers as measured by AMPS. This was supported by a thorough literature review to highlight the gaps that exist in the current way of interacting with BoP markets. The main finding is that profit is still the primary objective for most brands operating within this space and goals and associated social welfare metrics are still a distant third to marketing and business metrics measured within a business. The study ends with some recommendations for brand and business leaders to consider as they continue their incursions into BoP markets.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lmgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
Unrestricted
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Jansson, Oliver, and af Sillén Albin Nilsson. "Market barriers in the Bottom of the Pyramid : case studies in Tanzania and Kenya." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10923.

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A majority of the world’s population can be classified as Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP), which means that they earn less than USD 3,000 per year. In addition, it is estimated that 12 % of the worlds BoP population live in Africa. Due to the vast economic growth in Africa - which will boost the African consumers income level -we have decided to write a dissertation that regards the African BoP consumers.The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate iffive BoP market barriers exist in the African countries Tanzania and Kenya. In order to answer the research question, we conducted interviews with two different companies established in the Tanzanian respectively Kenyan BoP market. It was possible to answer the research question through the primary data collected during these interviews.Our main findings from the empirical analysis indicated that four out of five market barriers in the Tanzanian and Kenyan BoP markets are accepted, and that both of the companies had to adapt to the different barriers. In addition, Company A and Company B also find solutions to these accepted market barriers in their respective BoP markets.This dissertation will be of value since Africa’s economy is steadily growing, which will attract more companies in the near future. Furthermore, research in how toovercome market barriers in order to establish successful business in low-income markets will also be valuable.
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Beaty, Chantell Ramaun. "Business Leaders Marketing to Bottom-of-the-Pyramid Consumers in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2711.

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Business leaders often leave more than half of the world's population the bottom of the pyramid (BOP), a $5-trillion market of potential consumers untapped for products and services on account of failing to see BOP markets as profitable for business, yet business leaders who have managed inclusive BOP marketing in Nigeria have experienced profit margins as high as 120%. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies of business leaders who market to BOP consumers in Nigeria and maintain a profit. The study population consisted of 3 business leaders in the Dallas and Fort Worth metropolitan area who marketed to BOP consumers in Nigeria and maintained a profit. The conceptual framework that grounded the study was BOP marketing theory. Data were collected through semistructured in-depth interviews and company documents, with member checking implemented to strengthen creditability and trustworthiness. Based on the methodological triangulation of the data sources collected, 3 emergent themes were identified following 5 stages of data analysis. The themes were (a) maintain low profit margins in marketing essential items to the BOP in Nigeria, (b) maintain high profit margins in marketing to the non-BOP in Nigeria, and (c) market scaled-down products to the BOP in Nigeria. The findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing insights and strategies for business leaders seeking to prepare for and sustain profitability. The data from this study may contribute to higher profit margins for business leaders as well as job placement and entrepreneurship opportunities for the communities of Nigeria.
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Correia, Teresa, and Patrik Mårdh. "Marketing Mix Strategies towards the Bottom of the Pyramid: a study of the Brazilian market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202336.

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Prahalad has started a debate in the last decade regarding the opportunities of doing business towards the low-income consumers of emerging markets, which he called Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate how companies adapt their marketing mix strategies in order to target this type of market. The research is developed as case studies within the Brazilian telecom market in order to offer a new BOP setting as previous research has been focusing on Asia and Africa. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews are conducted with managers of the prepaid segment of three telecom companies. The study shows that price strategies are most important to adapt towards affordability in order to target BOP markets because of consumers’ limited budget. While adaptation in product and place are also seen, they are not as substantial as in price. The strategy that was not adapted was promotion as traditional channels are most common within the Brazilian BOP market. Moreover, companies with a strategy that traditionally have been upper-segment-centric do have to make larger and more innovative adaptations in order to market this segment.
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Matsau, Motheo. "The impact of hubs on the adoption of products among a South African Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) network." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24696.

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The original study on which this study was based on was conducted by Jacob Goldenberg, Sangman Han, Donald R.Lehmann, and Jae Weon Hong and published in 2009. In a slight contrast to Goldenberg et al (2009), this study was conducted among a bottom of the pyramid (BOP) network in South Africa using one non discretionary product whilst the original study was conducted on multiple high tech products in Korea This study explores the role of hubs (people with an outstanding number of social ties) in diffusion and adoption of products. The study was conducted using data on a large network and its adoption of a product (electricity) to identify two types of hubs – innovative and follower hubs and their role in influencing adoption ala Goldenberg et al (2009). Even though hubs are not necessarily opinion leaders nor are they necessarily innovators (as described by Rogers, (1962)) they tend to adopt earlier in the diffusion process. Innovator hubs have a greater impact on speed of adoption whilst Follower hubs have greater impact on the size of the market or total number of adoptions. Interestingly and crucially this early adoption behaviour of hubs can be a useful predictor of future product success. Among BOP network nodes, relationships and trust are important in determining the amount or degree of influence one can exert on a fellow network member. Homogeneity increases trust which in turn impacts the role of a hub as a force of influence. The centrality of hubs to networks is also a factor behind their role as information to the rest of the network passes through them, to a degree giving them control over the dissemination of information. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Rost, Christian, and Erik Ydrén. "Profir for the poor : Sustainable market development in BOP-markets." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-549.

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There are 4 billion poor living on 2 dollars or less per day that make up the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). If a company calculates their aggregated purchasing power they could be a huge and profitable market.

By studying the roles of the different actors and their pre-conditions in BOP-markets the purpose with this thesis is to find out how the private sector can pursue a sustainable market development strategy at the bottom of the economic pyramid and if it really will help to reduce poverty.

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Sarawaran, Sima, and Lovisa Eriksson. "Solenergi i Sub-Sahara : En analys och konceptualisering av affärsmodeller på BoP-marknaden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176620.

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Bakgrund: Mer än två tredjedelar av befolkningen i Sub-Sahara i Afrika lever idag i energifattigdom, vilket har drabbat de fattigaste på BoP-marknaderna värst. Tidigare forskning har visat att företagande inom energibranschen kan stimulera en ekonomisk tillväxt på BoP-marknaden i Sub-Sahara. Tack vare den afrikanska kontinentens många soltimmar finns idag incitament till företagande inom solenergi inom regionen. Genom försäljning av solenergitjänster kan energifattigdomen i Sub-Sahara bekämpas och BoP-marknaden ta sig ur fattigdomen. För att möjliggöra detta behöver målkonflikter mellan fattiga kunder och företagens finansiella hållbarhet harmoniseras. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera affärsmodeller hos nuvarande solenergiföretag för att därefter konceptualisera förslag på framtida affärsmodeller, som är avsedda att inspirera solenergiföretag till hur de bör utforma sina affärsmodeller för att etablera sig på BoP-marknader i Sub-Sahara på lång sikt. Metod: Metoder som används i undersökningen är kvalitativa metoder utifrån en induktiv ansats, som innefattar data från intervjuer och sekundära källor från tidigare forskning och statistik. Genom ett styrt och strategiskt urval har relevanta intervjupersoner valts ut. Affärsmodellen Business Model Canvas används som ett konceptualiserande verktyg för analysen, diskussionen och slutligen slutsatsen. Slutsats: Studiens fynd visar vikten av kulturell förståelse för BoP-kunder, vilket har visat sig vara en grundläggande aspekt i solenergiföretagens affärsmodeller. Genom kulturell förståelse kan solenergiföretagen utforma affärsmodellerna enligt rätt värdeerbjudande och värdeskapande, vilket skapar långsiktiga affärsmodeller. Detta kan gynna framgångsfaktorer som bland annat ökade marknadsandelar och minska resursbrister. Detta harmoniserar målkonflikter mellan fattiga BoP-kunder med betalningssvårigheter och solenergiföretag som vill uppnå finansiell hållbarhet.
Background: More than two thirds of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa currently live in energy poverty, which has affected the poorest of the poor on the BoP-markets the worst. Previous research show that businesses within the energy sector could stimulate economic growth on the BoP-market in Sub-Saharan. The African continent creates, thanks to its many sun hours, incentives for business within solar energy in the region. Through sales of solar energy services, the energy poverty in Sub-Saharan can be abolished and in turn help the BoP-market out of poverty. To enable this, the conflicts of interests between poor customers and the financial sustainability of the solar energy companies need to be harmonized. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze business models of existing solar energy companies, to conceptualize proposals for future business models, which are intended to inspire solar energy companies in how they should develop their business models to establish themselves on the BoP-markets in Sub-Saharan in the long run. Method: The methods used in this study are qualitative studies from an inductive approach, including interviews and secondary data. Through controlled and strategic selection, the interviewees were selected. The Business model Business Model Canvas is used as a conceptualizing tool for the empirical results and analysis, discussion, and conclusion. Conclusion: The results show the importance of cultural understanding within the BoP-customers, which lays the foundation for the business model. Through cultural understanding, solar energy companies can shape their business models according to value delivery and value creation, which creates long term business models. This can benefit the factors of success, such as increased market share as well as decrease the risk of repayment issues, lack of human capital and personnel. This harmonizes the conflict of goals between poor BoP-customers with payment difficulties and solar energy companies wanting to achieve financial sustainability.
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Obeng, Dankwah George. "MNCs and local microbusinesses at the bottom/base of pyramid (BoP) in Ghana : a fair deal or business as usual?" Thesis, Aston University, 2018. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/37829/.

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The bottom of pyramid (BoP) concept holds that multinational companies (MNCs) can profitably serve the needs of the poor and have the opportunity to invest in the BoP market to‘do good and do well’ simultaneously. This thesis contributes to BoP concept by challenging the notion that- MNCs and big companies are the initiators of BoP business models. Recent scholars cited NGOs, SMEs, and governments as initiators, without recognising the visible activities of microbusinesses in the developing economies such as Ghana. This project aims to understand the origins of BoP business models, examine both MNCs’ co-optation and offering more of MNCs and local microbusinesses’ activities in the BoP market of Ghana. It examines the how MNCs got interest to engage the poor microbusinesses in the BoP market. The research employed case study approach and explores how MNCs interact with the local microbusinesses in the BoP market, using so-called Gioia method for data analysis. The main result of the empirical research demonstrated the source of innovation in the BoP market as the microbusinesses and not MNCs and large companies. MNCs just identify gaps in the BoP market and then develop cost-effective solutions that often help to serve the market. The research examined a type of BoP strategy (co-optation) that was not wholly discussed in the BoP literature. BoP as a concept has become performative in Ghana as Pralahad’s proposition influenced MNCs’ managers to show interest in the BoP market.
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Masinge, Khumbula. "Factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking services at the Bottom of the Pyramid in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24694.

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With the convergence of banking services and mobile technologies, users are able to conduct banking services at any place and at any time through mobile banking (Gu, Lee&Suh, 2009). This research examines the factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking by the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) in South Africa, with a special focus on trust, perceived cost and perceived risk including the facets of perceived risks: performance risk, security/privacy risk, time risk, social risk and financial risk. The research model includes the original variables of extended technology acceptance model (TAM2) (Venkatesh&Davis, 2000). Data from this study was collected through a physical hardcopy survey in townships around Gauteng. The research has found that customers in the BOP will consider adopting mobile banking as long as it is perceived to be useful and perceived to be easy to use. But the most critical factor for the customer is cost; the service should be affordable. Furthermore, the mobile banking service providers, both the banks and mobile network providers, should be trusted. Trust was found to be significantly negatively correlated to perceived risk. Thus, trust plays a role in risk mitigation and in enhancing customer loyalty. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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Books on the topic "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)"

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Promoting market opportunities at the base of pyramid (BOP). Ha Noi, Viet Nam: Asian Development Bank, 2007.

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The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Wharton School Pub., 2006.

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Prahalad, C. K. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, 2007.

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The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Upper Saddle River: Wharton School Publishing (Tim), 2008.

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The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2005.

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The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Wharton School Pub., 2010.

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von Carlowitz, Philipp. Success in the Bottom of the Pyramid Market in Africa. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59068-0.

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Afurika BOP bijinesu: Shijō no jittai o miru = Base of the economic pyramid. Tōkyō: Jetoro, 2010.

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Mayank, Himadri. Affordable housing in India: An inclusive approach to sheltering the bottom of the pyramid. New Delhi: Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, 2012.

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Sarabhai, Kartikeya V. Learning from the "poor": Bottom of the pyramid model, sustainability and the need to change our mindset. Ahmedabad: Centre for Environment Education, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)"

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Fan, Xudong, and Yuduo Lu. "Business Model Innovation of Enterprises Based on the Bottom of Pyramid (BoP) Market Strategy." In Proceedings of 2015 2nd International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering, 457–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-655-3_57.

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Gupta, Shruti, and Christina Sesa. "The Nature of Family Decision Making at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP): Social and Managerial Implications." In Applying Quality of Life Research, 335–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19869-9_19.

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Lahiri Chavan, Apala, Sarit Arora, Anand Kumar, and Praneet Koppula. "How Mobile Money Can Drive Financial Inclusion for Women at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) in Indian Urban Centers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 475–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02767-3_53.

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Chatterjee, Samir Ranjan. "Rethinking Business ModelsBusiness Models for Flexible ConfigurationFlexible Configuration : Lessons from DisruptiveDisruptive Innovation InnovationsInnovation at the Bottom of the PyramidBottom of the Pyramid (BOP)." In Flexible Systems Management, 181–93. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2834-9_12.

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Praceus, Sarah. "Phenomenological background for the BoP." In Consumer Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid, 6–32. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05105-1_2.

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Durand, Aurélia. "Bottom of the Pyramid Marketing." In Marketing and Globalization, 286–332. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315474175-8.

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Praceus, Sarah. "Patterns of consumer innovation at the BoP." In Consumer Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid, 86–98. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05105-1_6.

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Praceus, Sarah. "Antecedents of consumer innovation at the BoP." In Consumer Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid, 99–128. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05105-1_7.

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von Carlowitz, Philipp. "The Bottom of the Pyramid Concept." In SpringerBriefs in Business, 5–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59068-0_2.

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Spremann, Klaus, Dirk Hoffmann, and Roman Frick. "Das Bottom-of-the-Pyramid-Geschäftsmodell." In Innovative Geschäftsmodelle, 353–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18068-2_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)"

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Chopra, Suyash Kumar, and M. G. P. L. Narayana. "Meeting Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) needs by engineering sustainable solutions." In 2012 IEEE Conference on Technology and Society in Asia (T&SA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsasia.2012.6397980.

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Schafer, Carson, Richard Parks, and Rahul Rai. "Design for Emerging Bottom of the Pyramid Markets: A Product Service System (PSS) Based Approach." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47744.

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Multi billion people exist at the bottom of the global economic pyramid (BOP). Increased consumer demand and enormous volume has helped turn these BOP into emerging markets with substantial profit potential. Current approaches for designing product and service solutions for BOP markets are ad-hoc in nature. Product Service Systems (PSS), products intertwined with services, can be highly adaptable to these emerging markets and provide an unique framework for designing solutions in the emerging BOP markets. This paper systematically approaches the problem of designing customized PSSs for emerging markets. The approach is based on results of an empirical study of multiple cases of existing successful products and services designed for BOP markets. As part of the study various cases are analyzed and high level principles for designing PSSs are derived from the empirical data. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through the conceptual design of a healthcare PSS for emerging markets.
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Amin, Md Khaled, Khondaker Sazzadul Karim, Afrina Amin, and Jing Hua Li. "Preliminary Enquiry into the Adoption Behavior of K'Ts Enabled Products and Services at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) in Bangladesh." In 2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2018.8631916.

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Seshagiri, Sarita, Sagar Aman, and Dhaval Joshi. "Connecting the "bottom of the pyramid"." In the 16th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1242572.1242688.

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Dray, Susan M. "Challenges at the bottom of the pyramid." In CHI '14: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2559976.

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Ross, Rachel, Katherine Rouen, and Jesse Austin-Breneman. "Extending Lead User Theory to Participatory Co-Design: A Case Study in a Base of the Pyramid Context." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86009.

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New product development (NPD) presents a number of challenges to engineering teams designing for the base of the economic pyramid (BoP). Existing design methods may not be appropriate for the unique operating context. In response to these differences, product design teams and researchers have turned to participatory design as an approach to designing with people in emerging communities to address the main failure mode identified in past BoP projects, namely the misidentification of user needs. Past research and experience has demonstrated that identifying users to engage in participatory co-design is challenging and effectively selecting the right user is critical for a successful project. This study examines whether Urban and Von Hippel’s Lead User Theory could be effective in NPD processes for BoP markets. This work explores extending Lead User Theory to participatory co-design projects in a BoP context using a case study of an improved cook stove design in Gujarat, India. A comparison of themes drawn from qualitative analysis of stakeholder interviews to Von Hippel’s Lead User Theory illustrates possible changes to the lead user concept to account for the BoP context. Results suggest that being “ahead of trend” is not critical to participatory co-design success. An extended model which includes an expanded definition of expected benefit, design communication skills, and access to user preferences through a social network could help identify “lead users” for participatory co-design projects in BoP contexts.
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Sathiyam, Visvapriya, and Muktha Hiremath. "Design re-thinking for the bottom of the pyramid." In the 2012 ACM annual conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2212776.2212817.

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Xia Gao, Xiaohong Quan, R. Jain, T. Kawahara, and G. Powell. "Wireless local loop at the bottom of the pyramid." In 2004 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8733). IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2004.1311588.

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Galpaya, Helani, Rohan Samarajiva, and Shamistra Soysa. "Taking e-government to the bottom of the pyramid." In the 1st international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1328057.1328105.

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Turley, Richard T. "Project Management for student projects at the bottom of the pyramid." In 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference - Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tic-sth.2009.5444385.

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Reports on the topic "Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)"

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Howard, Jill, Fiona Wilson, and E. Hachemi Aliouche. Providing Clean Energy Solutions to India’s Bottom of the Pyramid Population. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2021.13.

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Business Templates that Succeed in 'Bottom of the Pyramid' Environments. IEDP Ideas for Leaders, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13007/659.

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Collectivism and Consumers at the ‘Bottom of the Pyramid’ in South Africa. IEDP Ideas for Leaders, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13007/290.

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