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Journal articles on the topic 'Bottom Spray'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Womac, Alvin R., Chris Smith, and Joe Mulrooney. "Spray Nozzle Effects on Foliar Band Deposits of Malathion in Cotton." Journal of the ASABE 67, no. 6 (2024): 1469–80. https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.16037.

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HighlightsFoliar banding with 40-degree flat fan tips may reduce pesticide use.Hollow cone tips were effective for broadcast applications but less effective as a single tip band over the row.Spray plume interactions with foliage affected spray targeting on different samplers.Abstract.The study characterized the spray deposits for broadcast sprays and foliar band sprays made to cotton in the field under a steady mean lateral wind velocity of 1.1 m s-1. Five over-the-top spray treatments included broadcast TX-12 hollow cone spray tips, broadcast XR 8002 flat fan tips, banding 40-015 flat fan tip

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2

Lee, Seokjae, Hakjoong Kim, and Lee-Kwang Yang. "Comparative Study on the Spray Characteristics of Bottom-Up Sprinkler Heads." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 24, no. 6 (2024): 213–22. https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2024.24.6.213.

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Bottom-up sprinkler heads are typically installed in parking lots of buildings and in places without a semi-finished ceiling. However, bottom-up sprinkler heads that comply with domestic fire codes can exhibit water spray performances depending on the manufacturer. In this study, we compare the spray characteristics of bottom-up sprinkler heads manufactured by five different vendors in Korea by conducting a waterproof amount test, spray distribution test, and spray pattern analysis. The results of the waterproof amount test indicated that all sprinkler head samples showed minimum and maximum d

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3

Ibraheem, Sajad Nazim, and Majed Hazem Alheidary. "The Role of Spray Pattern and Operating Pressure and their Interactions on the Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch. in Eggplant Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, no. 2 (2023): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.2.105113.

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Ibraheem, S.N. and M.H. Alheidary. 2023. The Role of Spray Pattern and Operating Pressure and their Interactions on the Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch. in Eggplant Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(2): 105-113. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.2.105113 The mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most dangerous pests that attack the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Several attempts were carried out for controlling this pest to avoid crop losses through the extensive use of chemical products. The present study aimed to shed light on the effect of s

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Er, Dawn Z. L., Celine V. Liew, and Paul W. S. Heng. "Layered growth with bottom-spray granulation for spray deposition of drug." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 377, no. 1-2 (2009): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.04.042.

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5

Castilho Theodoro, Jose G., Erdal Ozkan, Heping Zhu, Hongyoung Jeon, Javier Campos, and Alvin R. Womac. "Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Spray Nozzle and Droplet Size Effects on Spray Penetration Inside Soybean Plants." Journal of the ASABE 68, no. 1 (2025): 71–79. https://doi.org/10.13031/ja.16174.

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HighlightsEffectiveness of four nozzle types was evaluated to deliver spray droplets inside soybean canopy in a wind tunnel.Spray deposition at the bottom part of canopies was significantly lower than the upper part across the test section.Nozzles generating medium and coarse droplet sizes improved spray coverage on the top and middle part of the canopy.Abstract. Adequate spray deposition and penetration of pesticides reaching the lower part of soybean canopy can increase the chance of success to protect plants from diseases and insects, especially when soybean foliage is matured. Therefore, s

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Foqué, Dieter, Jan G. Pieters, and David Nuyttens. "Comparing Spray Gun and Spray Boom Applications in Two Ivy Crops with Different Crop Densities." HortScience 47, no. 1 (2012): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.1.51.

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Flemish greenhouse growers predominantly use handheld spray guns and lances for their crop protection purposes despite the heavy workload and high risk for operator exposure associated with these techniques. These spray application techniques have also shown to be less effective than spray boom equipment under many conditions. Handheld spraying techniques are less expensive, however, and they are more flexible in practical use. Many growers also erroneously believe that high spray volumes and pressures are needed to assure good plant protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate the spray d

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Lubis, Ediantonius, Antoni Antoni, and Djwantoro Hardjito. "KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN OPTIMUM BOTTOM ASH DAN FLY ASH SEBAGAI AGREGAT BUATAN." Dimensi Utama Teknik Sipil 2, no. 1 (2015): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/duts.2.1.16-23.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan sebanyak mungkin limbah batubara terutama bottom ash sebagai bahan agregat buatan. komposisi campuran optimum bottom ash dan fly ash sebagai bahan agregat buatan adalah 1 semen: 3 fly ash: 20 bottom ash dalam perbandingan berat, kuat tekan agregat buatan pada umur 28 hari adalah 2,45 MPa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode air di spray pada bottom ash, sehingga bottom ash dapat dimanfaatkan sebanyak mungkin untuk agregat buatan, jumlah kebutuhan air yang di spray sebanyak 25-35% dari berat bottom ash. Hasil pengujian water content pada agregat bua

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8

Chu, C. C., T. J. Henneberry, and D. H. Akey. "Sweetpotato Whitefly Control on Cantaloupe, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (1993): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.116.

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Abstract The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS Irrigated Desert Research Station at Brawley, California, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Seed was planted 20 Aug at the rate of three seeds/hill with hills spaced 30 inches within a row. Missing hills were replanted on 9 Sep. Each plot consisted of two rows spaced 40 inches wide. Rows were 20 ft long. Plots were partially isolated by 7-ft wide corridors of fallow ground between plots and 7-ft fallow alleys separating experimental blocks. Treatments were (1) cantaloupe seeds treated with NTN 33893 at 0.10 lb Al/lb o

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9

Villafuerte, Julio, and Linh Tran. "New Trends in Aerospace: Saving the Bottom Line With Cold Spray Repairs." AM&P Technical Articles 174, no. 5 (2016): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2016-05.p024.

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Abstract Cold spray is an effective method of depositing a variety of temperature-sensitive materials in specialized applications, such as high-value aerospace component repair. The use of cold spray has seen a significant increase in the repair and restoration of housings for integrated drive generators used in commercial aircraft.

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10

Nielsen, D. G., and M. J. Dunlap. "Birch, Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against GYPSY Moth Larvae, Wooster, Oh, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.267.

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Abstract Birch, 20-30 cm tall, growing in 1-gal containers in a greenhouse at the main OARDC campus were used to evaluate insecticides against 4th instars. A C02 compression sprayer operating at 20 psi with a single Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply treatments to runoff. Modified 1-gal (3.9 liter) Fonda cartons were used to prevent larval escape. Tops and bottoms were removed from the cartons, and a bottom was secured around the base of each tree stem prior to larval placement and spray application. Five 4th-instar larvae were placed on each of 4 single-tree replicates, and treat

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11

Li, Fei, Zhenguo Wang, Peibo Li, Mingbo Sun, and Hongbo Wang. "The spray distribution of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow in the near-wall region." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 6 (2022): 063301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091985.

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The gas–liquid mixing process of a liquid jet in supersonic crossflow with a gas–liquid momentum ratio of 7.67 in the near-wall region is investigated numerically. The two-phase flow large eddy simulation is based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach and considers the droplet–wall interaction. The results indicate the penetration depth and the lateral extension width, which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The [Formula: see text] shape, especially the spray foot structure of spray in the cross-sectional plane, is captured well. The transport process of spray toward the wall and

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12

Thomson, Steven James. "Evaluation of a solid stream radial nozzle on fixed-wing aircraft, for penetration of spray within a soybean canopy." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 1 (2014): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0015.

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Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the Accu-Flo multiple orifice nozzle for penetration of spray into a soybean (Glycine max L.) canopy by comparing results to those from a popular straight stream nozzle and rotary atomizer. A mixture of water + Induce® adjuvant was applied at three different spray release heights in a random sequence, using an Air Tractor 402-B agricultural aircraft. Sampler stands were placed at twenty-four locations in the field. Water sensitive paper (WSP) cards were clipped onto rigid stands just above the canopy and 30 cm off the ground within the canopy. We

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13

Almeida, Risely Ferraz, and Sivaldir da Silva Santos. "APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CULTURE OF CAULIFLOWER: TESTING AN ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 18 (December 17, 2024): e11079. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2025v18e11079.

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The control of pests and diseases is one of the major challenges in the cultivation of cauliflower due to the plant's morphological characteristics and low application efficiency. These adverse conditions can cause great productivity losses when there is an incidence of pests and diseases. On these aspects, this study aimed to evaluate an electrostatic spraying system to increase the efficiency of the application of pesticides in the cultivation of cauliflower. An experiment was carried out with the use of different sprays, isolated or associated with silicon adhesive fouling, referring to (i)

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14

Nielsen, D. G., and M. J. Dunlap. "Red Oak, Gypsy Moth Larvicide Test, Wooster, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (1989): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.351a.

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Abstract Oak seedlings (1-0) growing in 3-gal (11.3 liter) containers were used to evaluate efficacy of selected pesticides against fourth-instar gypsy moths. A CO2 compression sprayer with a Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle operating at 20 psi was used to apply sprays to 3 single-tree replicates/treatment, each harboring 5 larvae. Sprays were applied 8 Jul to run-off to containerized trees growing in a greenhouse. Modified 1-gal (3.9 liter) Fonda cups were used to prevent larval escape. Tops and bottoms were removed from the cups. A bottom was secured around the base of each tree stem prior to l

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15

Yallappa, D., M. Veerangouda, Devanand Maski, et al. "Experimental Investigation of Drone-Based Insecticide Application for Effective Pest Management in Groundnut Field Crop." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 62, no. 1 (2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2025621.1916.

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Multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently emerged as a leading technology for crop spraying, with significant attention from researchers and manufacturers focused on the performance of battery-powered hexacopter UAVs. The UAV-spraying is influenced by several factors including drone design, configuration, capabilities, operating parameters and crop type. Therefore, in this study, a six-rotor UAV sprayer was experimentally investigated to characterize spray droplets and its effectiveness in a groundnut research field. Chlorantraniliprole insecticide (18.5% SC) was applied at con

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16

Sapit, Azwan, Takashi Yano, Yoshiyuki Kidoguchi, and Yuzuru Nada. "Effect of Wall Configuration on Atomization of Rapeseed Oil Diesel Spray Impinging on the Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.320.

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Fuel-air mixing is important process in diesel combustion. It has been well known that wall configuration of the piston affects spray atomization. Biomass fuel, that is viable alternative fuel for fossil one, needs great help of mixing to atomization because the fuel has high viscosity and high distillation temperature. This study investigates spray atomization characteristics of rapeseed oil (RO) when it impinges on the piston wall. Optical observation of RO spray was carried out using shadowgraph photography technique. The optical images and image analysis show that wall impingement effectiv

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17

Stoltz, Robert L. "Spider Mite Control on Dry Beans, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (1986): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.223a.

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Abstract Foliar sprays were applied to beans near Buhl, ID on 1 Aug ‘85. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 6 rows wide (22 inch row spacings) × 20 ft long. Materials were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 25 psi using 18 gal finished spray per acre. Motile mite forms were counted from a cm2 located in the middle of the central leaflet of 2 trifoliates picked from the top, 2 from the middle, and 1 from the bottom of the plant canopy.

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Yu, Lei, Sida Jiang, Fuyang Cao, et al. "Hot Deformation Behavior of a Co-Spray-Formed Al-Si/7075 Bimetallic Gradient Alloy." Metals 11, no. 8 (2021): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081266.

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In this paper, we report the results obtained from the hot compression behaviour of co-spray-formed Al-Si/7075 bimetallic gradient alloys by investigating the five selected layers divided evenly from top to bottom. It was found that with a decrease in the strain rate and an increase in temperature, the hot compression flow stress of deposited alloys decreases gradually, as expected. The relationship between flow stress, temperature and strain rate follows the Arrhenius relationship. The deformation activation energy of the co-spray formed gradient alloy gradually increases from bottom to top i

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19

Huang, Ao, Mei Jie Zhang, and Hua Zhi Gu. "Simulation and Optimization of Melted Iron Desulfurization Process in Torpedo with Blowing Gas and Spray." Advanced Materials Research 462 (February 2012): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.413.

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According to the practical physical dimension and processing parameters of torpedo in a factory, Eulerian multiphase model was applied and adopting porous media model for the gas flow through the porous refractory, desulphurization process model was coupled, the desulphurization process of melted iron in torpedo with bottom blowing were computed using mathematical simulation approach, effect of bottom blowing technique was discussed. The results show that: Compared with the desulphurization behavior of melted iron in torpedo without bottom blowing, porous refractories were located at the botto

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20

Akter, Fahmida, Md Mijanur Rahman Mejan, Mst Arjina Akter, and Ismail Hossain. "Effect of Bion and Amistar in inducing resistance against Cercospora leaf spot of banana." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 3 (2018): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39403.

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Bion (benzothiadiazole) and Amistar (azoxystrobin) were applied for controlling Cercospora leaf spot of banana variety Amrita Sagarin at the field laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh by applying different treatments viz. dipping bottom of sucker for 6 hrs. in Bion (0.005%) before planting, dipping bottom of sucker for 6 hrs. in Bion (0.01%) before planting, spraying of Bion @ 0.005% once on leaves after 80 days of planting, spraying of Bion @ 0.01% once on leaves after 80 days of planting, spraying of Amistar @ 0.05% once on leaves af

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21

Linduska, James J., Marylee Ross, Karen Mulford, and John Nottingham. "Foliar Sprays to Control Ear Invading Insects in Sweet Corn, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.87.

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Abstract ‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft in length on 1 Jun ‘94. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spr

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Guzzo, Marcio E., Carlos A. J. Gomes, Roberto B. R. Costa, Ramon Molina Valle, and José E. M. Barros. "Macroscopic Analysis of Spray Development Using Direct Injection for Studying Ethanol Fuel Behavior." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.229.

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A great difficulty in spray analysis is the intrinsic subjectivity in the manual measurements of macroscopic spray characteristics. Within its contexts this work has the main objective to demonstrate a systematic methodology for the spray analysis adopted for acquiring the data results based on numerical criterion dealing with the numerical matrices that represent the spray images. The results shown in this work refers to EXXSOL D60 injection, a tested fluid used to simulate ethanol spray characteristics. The characteristics analyzed were spray penetration, spray pattern at various moments aft

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23

Riedl, H., and P. W. Shearer. "Pear, Pest Control with IGR CME 13406, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (1987): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.69a.

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Abstract Trees in a 25-year-old pear orchard were sprayed by handgun operating at 200 psi. Test plots consisted of 4 single-tree replicates (2 of each variety) arranged in a randomized block. All treatments except the untreated check received a ‘delayed dormant’ spray of Pydrin 2.4EC at 4 oz/100 gal plus 1.5% superior oil and a ‘white bud’ spray of Morestan 2.5WP at 1 lb/100 gal. Three cover sprays of Guthion were timed according to codling moth development (see Washington State University Extension Bull. 1072). Each spray of CME 13406 was applied about 150 to 250 degree-days (base 50°F) earli

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Linduska, James J., Marylee Ross, and Susan Stevenson. "Foliar Sprays to Control Ear Invading Insects in Sweet Corn, 1992." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, no. 1 (1993): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.123.

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Abstract ‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft. in length on 15 Jun ’92. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of

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25

Linduska, James J. "Silk Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Dusky Sap Heetle and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (1990): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.108.

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Abstract NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 3-row plots 50 ft in length on 5 Jun. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with a International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 2 rows. All treatment were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre wi

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Linduska, James J., Marylee Ross, Donna Baumann, and Annika Parr. "Foliar Sprays to Control Ear-Invading Insects on Sweet Corn, 1997." Arthropod Management Tests 23, no. 1 (1998): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.95a.

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Abstract ‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft in length on 29 May. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Plots were replicated 3 times in a RCB design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gpa with 50 p

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27

Savitsky, Daniel, Michael F. DeLorme, and Raju Datla. "Inclusion of Whisker Spray Drag in Performance Prediction Method for High-Speed Planing Hulls." Marine Technology and SNAME News 44, no. 01 (2007): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2007.44.1.35.

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The planing hull performance prediction method published by Savitsky in the October 1964 issue of SNAME's Marine Technology included only the viscous drag and pressure drag components in the bottom area aft of the stagnation line. While discussing the existence of an additional component of viscous drag in the whisker spray region forward of the stagnation line, a method to quantify this drag component was not developed in Savitsky (1964). Earlier studies by Savitsky and Ross (1952) and Savitsky and Neidinger (1954) discuss the potential whisker spray drag component but do not present a comple

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28

Makonnen, Yoseif, John Burgener, and Diane Beauchemin. "Improvement of analytical performance in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry without compromising robustness using an infrared-heated sample introduction system with a pneumatic nebulizer." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 1 (2015): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00258j.

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Infrared-heating the spray chamber and bottom of the torch significantly improves sensitivity and detection limit for 38 elements, as well as robustness, resulting in a Mg II 280.270 nm/Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratio of 13.

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Sahni, Ramesh K., Rakesh Ranjan, Lav R. Khot, Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel, and Matthew J. Grieshop. "Reservoir Units Optimization in Pneumatic Spray Delivery-Based Fixed Spray System for Large-Scale Commercial Adaptation." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (2022): 10843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710843.

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A pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consists of in-line reservoirs and micro-emitter assemblies distributed throughout perennial crop canopies. The existing PSD-based SSCDS uses a large number of reservoirs, i.e., one unit per 3 m of linear spacing, which resulted in high installation and maintenance costs. These reservoirs also produces up to 25% post-spray chemical losses. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the volumetric capacity and functionality of the existing reservoir for an efficient spray performance and the large-scale commercial adap

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Linduska, James J., Mike Embrey, and Galen Dively. "Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Dusky SAP Beetle, Fall Armyworm and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.76.

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Abstract 'NK-199' sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 1 Jun '90. On 4 Jun AAtrex (1.3 lb) + Lasso (1.35 qt) was applied Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. The center 2 rows of each plot were treated and the outer 2 rows were untreated guard rows. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. This sprayer was equipp

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31

Linduska, James J., Marylee Ross, and Susan Stevenson. "Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms in Sweet Corn, 1991." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, no. 1 (1992): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.106.

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Abstract 'NK-199' sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 100 ft in length on 11 Jun '91. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Plots consisted of 4 treatment rows with the center 2 rows serving as record rows. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and app

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32

Sun, Kunpeng, Lihong Yang, and Jicheng Li. "Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Impeller of Spray Duster Based on ANSYS Workbench." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012046.

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Abstract The spray dustless machine is an important environmental protection equipment for harnessing haze. The booster impeller of the spray dustless machine is one of the decisive factors of the booster capacity. The stability of the blade directly determines the reliability of the spray duster. In this paper, ANSYS Workbench is used to analyze the mechanical characteristics of a certain type of spray dustless blade. The results show that: under the rated condition, the maximum equivalent stress of the impeller is 55.6Mpa, which is far less than the allowable stress of the impeller material

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Ali Oun1, Dahfer, and Alaa Kamel Subr2. "EFFECT OF SPRAY PRESSURE AND VERTICAL BOOM POSITION ON THE SPRAY QUALITY." iraqi journal of market research and consumer protection 16, no. 2 (2024): 211–23. https://doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc16.2.2024.(18).

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The research to focuses on spraying the plant leaves from the bottom and top by developing a sprayer. The sprayer was making a sprayer made of aluminum with a movable arm containing a nozzle holder divided into three pieces. Each piece contains a nozzle of the type Flat Fan 120-C3. The tasting of the sprayer was done in one of the greenhouses of the Department of Horticulture and Forestry. The study has two factors, the first is changing eff changing the positions of the nozzle holder tube to two levels A1, A2. The second factors were the spray pressure with three levels P1=2, P2=3, P3=4 bar.

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Araújo, Demétrius de, Carlos Gilberto Raetano, Hamilton Humberto Ramos, Douglas Sampaio Ribeiro da Rocha, Evandro Pereira Prado, and Viviane Corrêa Aguiar. "Interference of spray volume, fruit growth and rainfall on spray deposits in citrus black spot control periods." Ciência Rural 46, no. 5 (2016): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150944.

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ABSTRACT: Citrus black spot (CBS) caused by Guignardia citricarpa is one of the most serious Brazilian citrus diseases. This study aims to assess the interference of three application volumes in spray deposition citrus fruit, as well as fruit growth and rainfall effects on spray deposit reduction during the CBS control period. The experiment was carried out in a commercial citrus orchard, with sixteen-year-old trees of the Valencia variety, in Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo State, Brazil. The spray volumes were: 3.5 (1333L ha-1), 4.5 (1714L ha-1) and 8.5 (3238L ha-1) litres per tree, sprayed by an airb

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Oh, Jin-Dong, Chan-Hoo Kim, and Sung-Young Park. "Improving Fire Suppression Efficiency in Electric Vehicles: A Study on Optimized Upward Spray Devices." Fire 7, no. 12 (2024): 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120460.

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Fire accidents in electric vehicles are mainly caused by battery fires, and one of the most effective fire suppression methods is to spray water from the bottom of a vehicle in an upward direction. In this study, analyses and experiments were conducted to improve the spray angle of a fluidic oscillator used for attaching an upward spray device. Through these analyses, the factors resulting in the maximum spray angle were derived from the four design variables of the fluidic oscillator, which were reconstructed for further analysis. The model that combined the radius of the mixing chamber curva

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Bala, Vishnu Priya Mukkala *. Gopala Krishna Murthy Talasila and Prameela Rani Avula. "DEVELOPMENT OF FENOFIBRIC ACID DELAYED RELEASE PELLETS: OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS VARIABLES IN FLUID BED PROCESS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 02 (2018): 1207–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1188922.

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The objective of the present study was to optimize the process of Fenofibric acid delayed release (DR) pellets. Wurster (Bottom spray fluid bed coating) process was employed to develop the Fenofibric acid DR pellets. This study assesses the impact of various process variables on drug layering by using statistical interpretation such as ANOVA. A face centered central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the effect of independent variables (product temperature, atomization air pressure, fluidization air volume and spray rate) on dependent variables (Fines, agglomerates, coating efficienc

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Liu, Changan, Sihua Shao, Xueyou Su, Zhongru Zhang, Zhimeng Sun, and Biao Zhang. "Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Transport Characteristics of Dust in New Composite Spraying Slurry." Minerals 12, no. 10 (2022): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12101182.

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In view of the problems of traditional spraying technology, such as complex processes, high costs, large dust amounts, and poor air leakage effects, a new composite spraying slurry is proposed in this paper, which takes clay as the main base material and uses water pressure and wind pressure to ensure intrinsic safety. Firstly, the airtightness, bending resistance, and viscosity of the spraying material were measured in the laboratory; secondly, the gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow process involved in the spraying process was simulated by using the CFD-DPM method, adopting the Eulerian two-fl

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Dengeru, Yallappa, Kavitha Ramasamy, Surendrakumar Allimuthu, et al. "Study on Spray Deposition and Drift Characteristics of UAV Agricultural Sprayer for Application of Insecticide in Redgram Crop (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.)." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (2022): 3196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123196.

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Insecticide applications are typically being carried out with traditional manual spraying equipment in redgram, which leads to inadequate control of insects due to higher crop height. The modern deployment of tractor-drawn spray machines causes serious damage to the crop. In this connection, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spray technology has great potential for precise insecticide application in redgram crops. One of the important machine parameters influencing droplet deposition and drift characteristics in UAV sprayers is downwash airflow generated by a multi-rotor propeller. A field experim

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A. AI-Hemiri, Adil, and Saad N. Saleh. "Computer Aided Design for Spray Driers." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 8, no. 1 (2007): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2007.1.4.

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The aim of this work is to develop an axi-symmetric two dimensional model based on a coupled simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Lagrangian method to predict the air flow patterns and drying of particles. Then using this predictive tool to design more efficient spray dryers. The approach to this is to model what particles experience in the drying chamber with respect to air temperature and humidity. These histories can be obtained by combining the particles trajectories with the air temperature/humidity pattern in the spray dryer. Results are presented and discussed in terms of t

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Riedl, H., and P. W. Shearer. "Codling Moth Control with XRD-473,1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (1990): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.48.

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Abstract Cover spray programs of the insect growth regulator (IGR) XRD-473 by itself and in combination with Lorsban were compared to a standard Guthion program. Sprays were applied dilute by handgun operating at 200 psi to 28-yr-old pear trees. Treatment rates given assume a spray volume of 400 gal/acre. Each treatment consisted of 4 single-tree replicates arranged in a randomized complete block. Streptomycin was applied to the whole block for control of fireblight. Cover sprays were timed to codling moth phenology (see Washington State University Extension Bulletin 1072). The IGR XRD-473 was

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Dhurandhar, Akshay S., and Amarsingh B. Kanase-Patil. "Experimental Study on Effect of Water Spray Characteristics on Performance of Cooling Tower." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001009.

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Cooling tower is an indispensable part, used as a direct contact type heat exchanger mainly for evaporative cooling. Cooling tower generally dissipates, remove heat from thermal power plants. In an induced draft cooling tower of counter flow, used for a mini-steam power plant, hot water enters at the top, while the air is introduced at the bottom and exits at the top, air is allowed to come in contact with falling water droplets, causing evaporative cooling. A possibility of desired change with different spray angle, patterns, is tried and analysed. On findings, best suited spray nozzle angle

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Elzen, G. W. "Cotton Aphid Control, 1993B." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.196.

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Abstract Insecticides were evaluated for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 6 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gpa at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2 TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Treatments were applied on 6 Jul. Efficacy was determined

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Yost, J. T., G. W. Ferrentino, and M. P. Parrella. "Control of Twospotted Spider Mite on Hydrangea, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (1986): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.409a.

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Abstract A completely randomized design was used, with 5 plants (in 5-gal pots) per treatment. Samples consisted of 2 leaves randomly selected from infested terminals on each of the 5 plants, for a total sample of 10 leaves per treatment for each sample date. Materials were applied 2 Jul, using a 2.5 gpm Arimitsu sprayer at 250 psi through a Spray Systems 5003 nozzle. To evaluate population densities, the bottom surfaces of sample leaves were sprayed with hair spray to immobilize mites, and the number of post-embryonic mites was counted using a binocular microscope.

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Chan, L. W., Elaine S. K. Tang, and Paul W. S. Heng. "Comparative study of the fluid dynamics of bottom spray fluid bed coaters." AAPS PharmSciTech 7, no. 2 (2006): E45—E53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/pt070237.

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Stoltz, Robert L. "Spider Mite Control, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (1989): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.86a.

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Abstract Test plots were established south of Twin Falls, Idaho. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and the field was surface irrigated. Two tests were conducted using foliar sprays to control TSSM. In both tests the insecticides were sprayed with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 30 psi and hollow-cone nozzles to apply a broadcast spray. Each acre received 50 gal finished spray. Test 1 was applied 29 Jul. Individual plots were 3 rows (22-inch row spacing) by 25 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design along the upper edge of the field. Five treatments and an untreated control w

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Dong, Shanwen, Fan Jiang, Bin Xu, and Shujun Chen. "Influence of Polarity Arrangement of Inter-Wire Arc on Droplet Transfer in Cross-Coupling Arc Welding." Materials 12, no. 23 (2019): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233985.

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In order to reduce the influence of polar zone effect in cross-coupling arc by changing inter-wire arc (IWA) configuration, the influence of polarity arrangement of the IWA on droplet transfer was studied. The change of voltage-current waveform and the process of droplet transfer were recorded and analyzed by a high-speed camera and electric signal synchronous acquisition system. The results show that when the IWA polarity is arranged as anode on the bottom and cathode on top, the anode spot force always promotes the droplet transfer and reduces the critical current value of spray transfer. Ho

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Sala, Conrad M., and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "An impact of surface spray and pressing temperature on the properties of high density fibreboards." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 112 (December 31, 2020): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7355.

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An impact of surface spray and pressing temperature on the properties of high density fibreboards. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of chosen process parameters: water spray amount and 3rd press heating section temperature on the mechanical, physical properties of ultrathin (2.5 mm) industrial high-density fibreboards (HDF) produced with 5% of recovered HDF (rHDF) addition. Boards were produced with 0 ml/m2 – V0, 8 ml/m2 – V8, 16 ml/m2 – V16 and 32 ml/m2 – V32 of surface water spray addition on top and bottom side in industrial hot continuous press with 3rd heating se

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Oliveira Filho, U. C., A. C. Araújo, E. L. Oliveira, and C. P. Souza. "Development of a Spray Dryer Device to Produce Ammonium Niobium-Oxalate Precursor." Materials Science Forum 498-499 (November 2005): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.498-499.3.

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The main purpose of this paper is to present a spray dryer device developed to synthesize ammonium niobium-oxalate precursor powder with controlled grain size. The dryer device is manufactured using stainless steel 304 and measures 0,48m in outside diameter and 1,9m in height. The spray dryer has a cylindrical shape assembled on a conical base. The central chamber is heated by three 4 KW resistances and is equipped with serpentine coil heaters placed around its main body. This configuration guarantees that the air is at the same temperature of the chamber walls and the adherence of the powder

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Lee, Seokjae, and Daemin Lee. "An Experimental Study on the Separation Distance to Prevent Impairment of Sprinkler Head Spray." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 5 (2022): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.5.125.

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Sprinkler facilities are a reliable fire-extinguishing method, but a spray barrier around the sprinkler head has a significant impact on fire suppression and control. Rule 13 from the National Fire Protection Association aims to set fire safety standards but might reduce sprinkler reliability because of confusion about the rule application. The sprinkler height should be up to three times the width of an obstacle, which is confused with an obstacle’s maximum size. Therefore, this study conducted a spray distribution experiment by adjusting the separation distance between the bottom-up head and

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Bhushan, Shinde Abhijit Deo Ms. Monika Ola Mr. Rajveer Bhaskar Dr. Hitendra Mahajan. "A REVIEW ON PELLETIZATION TECHNOLOGY." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 05 (2019): 9145–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2677996.

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<em>The pelletization process was first introduced in 1948, when the first product was released. This preformed dosage form is becoming more and more popular due to its very beneficial use, such as the simplicity of filling capsules due to its better flowability than that of ideal round pellets, increase drug clearance, analysis, ease of use; Permanent, controlled or site-specific drug delivery from layered pellets; Smooth packaging; Uniform distribution in the digestive tract; Irritation of the gastrointestinal tract is weak. Pellet compositions include a variety of methods, including drug st

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