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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bottom up and top down attention'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Itti, Laurent Koch Christof. "Models of bottom-up and top-down visual attention /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2000. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12022005-103530.

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2

Bahrami, Balani Alex. "Top-down and bottom-up modulation of selective attention and the role of working memory." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532266.

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3

Benicasa, Alcides Xavier. "Sistemas computacionais para atenção visual Top-Down e Bottom-up usando redes neurais artificiais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-29042014-162209/.

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A análise de cenas complexas por computadores não é uma tarefa trivial, entretanto, o cérebro humano pode realizar esta função de maneira eficiente. A evolução natural tem desenvolvido formas para otimizar nosso sistema visual de modo que apenas partes importantes da cena sejam analisadas a cada instante. Este mecanismo de seleção é denominado por atenção visual. A atenção visual opera sob dois aspectos: bottom-up e top-down. A atenção bottom-up é dirigida por conspicuidades baseadas na cena, como o contraste de cores, orientação, etc. Por outro lado, a atenção top-down é controlada por tarefa

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4

Matusz, Pawel Jerzy. "The role of multisensory integration in the bottom-up and top-down control of attentional object selection." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2013. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/27/.

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Selective spatial attention and multisensory integration have been traditionally considered as separate domains in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. However, theoretical and methodological advancements in the last two decades have paved the way for studying different types of interactions between spatial attention and multisensory integration. In the present thesis, two types of such interactions are investigated. In the first part of the thesis, the role of audiovisual synchrony as a source of bottom-up bias in visual selection was investigated. In six out of seven experiments, a variant

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Johansson, Martin. "Visual Attentional Capture Resists Modulation in Singleton Search under Verbal Working Memory Load." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12321.

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Visual attentional capture is a form of visual attentional selection that is automatic and involuntary in nature, and is of high adaptive value as it allows visual attention to be oriented in a reflexive manner towards visual information without necessarily being guided by pre-existing knowledge, goals, and plans. According to the load-hypothesis (Lavie & De Fockert, 2005), attentional capture of salient stimuli increases under load on working memory due to disruption of stimulus-processing priorities. Moreover, it has been proposed that maintenance of task-irrelevant verbal information in

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Neves, Evelina Maria de Almeida. "Estratégia atencional para busca visual e reconhecimento invariante de objetos baseada na integração de características bottom-up e top-down." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-14032014-103419/.

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Uma das tarefas básicas dos mecanismos atencionais é decidir qual a localização dentro do campo visual, em que devemos prestar atenção primeiro. Um objeto que contenha características distintas, tais como orientação, forma, cor, tamanho, brilho, textura, etc. diferentes, pode atrair a atenção de uma maneira \"bottom-up\". A informação \"top-down\" baseia-se no conhecimento prévio e tem uma grande influência nas localizações atendidas. Inspirado nos mecanismos da Atenção Visual Humana, embora sem a pretensão de simulá-la, este trabalho prevê o desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia que integra

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7

Petzold, Antje. "An fMRI Study on Context‐Dependent Processing of Natural Visual Scenes." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-24939.

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Visual attention can be voluntarily focused on a location or automatically attracted by salient features in a visual scene. Studies using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) suggest two networks of visual attention involved in these complementary mechanisms: a dorsal frontoparietal network and a ventral frontoparietal network of visuospatial attention respectively. However, most studies so far have applied non‐natural schematic stimuli. The present study investigates visual attention in images of natural environmental scenes. Adopting previously used eye‐tracker paradigms, we study t

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8

Pápai, Márta Szabina 1987. "Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of cross-modal enhancement for unaware visual events." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664283.

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Diariamente recibimos mucha información que procede simultáneamente de distintos sentidos, que se combina en el cerebro para conseguir una respuesta rápida y precisa. Muchas veces, esto ocurre mediante la integración multisensorial. Sin embargo, ¿puede darse integración multisensorial en situaciones de emergencia, aunque los recursos cognitivos son ocupados? Para resolver esta cuestión, utilizamos estímulos audiovisuales presentados de forma repentina, sin contenido informativo en un paradigma de rivalidad binocular. Esto nos permitió medir la integración de abajo a arriba en una situación cua

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9

Giacaglia, Giuliano Pezzolo. "Integrating bottom-up and top-down information." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91813.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).<br>In this thesis I present a framework for integrating bottom-up and top-down computer vision algorithms. I developed this framework, which I call the Map-Dictionary Pixel framework, because my intuition is that there is a need for tools that make it easier to build computer vision systems that mimic the way human visual systems process information. In particular, we humans humans

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10

Burke, Madeline Jane. "Top-down and bottom-up approaches to tissue engineering." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720837.

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11

Best, Maisy Jane. "Top-down and bottom-up influences on response inhibition." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24650.

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Following exposure to consistent stimulus–stop mappings, response inhibition can become automatised with practice. What is learned is less clear, even though this has important theoretical and practical implications. The main contribution of this thesis is to investigate how stimulus-stop associations are acquired and the conditions under which they influence behaviour. To this end, this thesis addressed several outstanding issues concerning the associative architecture of stop learning, the role of expectancies, and the specificity of learning in inhibition tasks. Experiments 1-4 provide evid

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Kondo, Michio. "TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP FORCES STRUCTURING BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES : THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150859.

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13

Hicks, Jeremy David. "A combined top-down/bottom-up route to fabricating graphene devices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49100.

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The purpose of this work is to explore a method that combines both top-down and bottom-up elements to fabricate electronic devices made from graphene, a single sheet of carbon atoms related to carbon nanotubes and graphite. This material has garnered interest in the semiconductor industry for many reasons, including its potential for ballistic conduction, natural ambipolar (both n- and p-type) carrier transport, and impermeability to nearly all elements. However, its lack of a band gap, and a lack of viable options for creating one in the material, suggests a limited future as a silicon replac

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Abdussalam, S. S. "Bottom-up and top-down approaches to low energy supersymmetry breaking." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595324.

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In this thesis we address the phenomenology of SUSY breaking from the superstring scale to the electroweak scale in order to produce a guide map for discovery at the LHC. From the top-down approach we study SUSY breaking at low-energies from a well defined superstring theory scenario and extract its phenomenological implications. From the bottom-up approach (independent of string theory), using Bayesian inference techniques, we make the first complete model-independent scan of the low energy phenomenological MSSM (pMSSM) parameter space. We perform the first statistically convergent pMSSM glob

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Grellmann, Doris. "Top-down and bottom-up effects in a Fennoscandian tundra community." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96883.

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of mammalian grazers, such as microtine rodents and reindeer, (top-down effects) and nutrient availability (bottom- up effects) on the plant community of a tundra heath. I conducted a large-scale fertilization experiment and studied the impact of grazers using exclosures. I measured the effects of fertilization and grazing on soil microbial activity and nutrient cycling. I investigated the responses to fertilization of the invertebrate community, I studied the effects on the quality of bilberry as food for mammalian herbivores, and I

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Goncharov, Alexander. "Magnetization reversal processes in 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' magnetic structures." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414612.

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Pule, Lebohang. "Constructing efficient multi-asset class portfolios: Top-down or bottom-up?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27753.

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This dissertation concerns itself with the problem of constructing multi asset class portfolios. The investment process is aimed at solving two problems. The first problem is estimating the future returns of individual securities, which is an exercise fraught with uncertainty as the future is fundamentally unpredictable. This uncertainty means that the investor must allocate his portfolio to a number of assets instead of just one, in case his predicted future returns do not materialize. This leads the investor to the second problem of how best to construct the portfolio. It is this part of the

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Muhsin, Ali, and Nikola Rusevski. "Kartläggning av Top down och Bottom up i tre fallföretag : Informationsstrategier." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46759.

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Purpose – The purpose of the study is to map out the top-down and bottom-up perspectives and investigate the information strategies on how it relates to daily operations in three case companies. To fulfill the purpose, the following three questions have been answered: What approach do the organization have on information strategies and what characterizes them? To what extent do the case organization use the information strategies? What opportunities and difficulties do organizations see with the information strategies? Method – To fulfill the purpose, a case study was carried out on th

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Larsson, Therese, and Louise Pettersson. "Perspektiv på goodwill : En studie om användningen av teoretiska begrepp i praktiken." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31524.

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Det finns två typer av goodwill, den första typen är internt upparbetad goodwill och den andra typen är goodwill som uppkommer vid förvärv av företag. Fokus i denna uppsats kommer att ligga på den förvärvade goodwill, som kan upplevas som en svart låda då det kan vara oklart vad posten faktiskt består av. Förvärvad goodwill kan definieras på olika sätt av företagen, i den akademiska världen har främst två perspektiv identifierats, top-downperspektivet och bottom-upperspektivet. Ur den första synvinkeln ses goodwill som en restpost och ur den andra synvinkeln kan goodwill ses som en summa av de

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Erdem, Mehmet Erkut. "Simultaneous Bottom-up/top-down Processing In Early And Mid Level Vision." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610167/index.pdf.

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The prevalent view in computer vision since Marr is that visual perception is a data-driven bottom-up process. In this view, image data is processed in a feed-forward fashion where a sequence of independent visual modules transforms simple low-level cues into more complex abstract perceptual units. Over the years, a variety of techniques has been developed using this paradigm. Yet an important realization is that low-level visual cues are generally so ambiguous that they could make purely bottom-up methods quite unsuccessful. These ambiguities cannot be resolved without taking account of high-

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Sharma, Vinay. "Simultaneous object detection and segmentation using top-down and bottom-up processing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196372113.

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22

Roberts, James W. "The contribution of top-down and bottom-up processes during observational practice." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582848.

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The primary aim of this thesis was to examine the nature of the representation developed during observational practice. Chapter 2 (Experiment 1-2) investigated the stimulus properties required to learn novel motor skills and the processing mechanisms responsible for learning. Participants attempted a novel relative timing pattern performed on a computer. Following the observation of a novel relative timing pattern via an expert human model (biological motion, BM), constant velocity model (non-biological motion, NBM) or end-state timing information without the trajectory (goal-directed model, G

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Shelley, Elwyn James Bacchus. "Toward positional self-assembly : integration of top-down and bottom-up methodologies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396185.

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Uygun, David. "Top-down and bottom-up control of drug-induced sleep and anaesthesia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/43958.

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In recent decades, research has unravelled fascinating detail about the molecular mechanisms underpinning pharmacologic loss of consciousness (LOC). However, the systems-level mechanisms are far less clear. Recent genetic approaches, however, enable unprecedented dissection on neural pathways, and they are paving a way for this line of research. The focus of this thesis is to investigate the neuroanatomical substrates of commonly used drugs which reversibly render us unconscious. Zolpidem is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the GABAA receptor which binds to the benzodiazepine (BZ) site

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Löw, Caroline Anna Elisabeth [Verfasser], and Friederike [Akademischer Betreuer] Lang. "Quellenidentifikation der Phosphorernährung von Buchenwäldern mittels Bottom-up- und Top-down-Ansätzen." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/121641727X/34.

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MARONGIU, DANIELA. "Top down and bottom up approach to self-assemble functional porous films." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19116.

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A double simultaneous approach has been used in this doctorate work in order to obtain complex multi-functional porous materials which can fi nd application in bio-senors and lab-on-a-chip devices. On one side a method to achieve an increase in the biological analyte detection within the mesoporous fi lms has been studied through the application of deep x-ray lithography. This technique causes multiple effects on the fi lm allowing to easily obtain the final desired structure. On the other hand, wider pores than mesopores are required for the use of thin films as a host for biological

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Sjöström, Elin. "Cognitive Abilities and their Influence on Speech-In-Noise Information Processing : a Study on Different Kinds of Speech Support and Their Relation to the Human Cognition." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139036.

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In this paper, top-down and bottom-up processing were studied regarding their effect on speech-in-noise. Three cognitive functions were also studied (divided attention, executive functioning, and semantic comprehension), and the effect they have on the speech processing and on each other. The research questions asked were if a difference in speech-in noise perception can be observed regarding the different levels of top-down and bottom-up support, if speech-in-noise is related to any of the researched cognitive abilities, and if there exists any correlation between these abilities. The method

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Lowe, Andrea Jane. "The relative contribution of top-down and bottom-up information during lexical access." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6604.

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The research reported in this thesis examines the relative contributions of top-down and bottom-up information during lexical access. I evaluate the Cohort Model of lexical access (Marslen-Wilson and Welsh, 1978; Marslen-Wilson and Tyler, 1980; and Marslen-Wilson, 1987) which specifies that the first stage in lexical access is fully autonomous and that during this stage all processing proceeds in terms of analysis of the acoustic-phonetic input. Implicit in this model is the assumption that bottom-up processing is immune to any effects of contextual or top-down information. I examine the exten

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Woodgate, Zoe Anne. "Determinants of predator abundance in northern KwaZulu-Natal: top-down or bottom-up?" Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13032.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>As protected areas ultimately aim to successfully conserve natural predator populations, an understanding of the non-anthropogenic drivers of their population change is critical. Both bottom-up (e.g. food limitation, competition) and top-down (e.g. predation, interference) processes play an important role in structuring predator guilds, yet there is a poor understanding of their relative importance. Here, I investigated whether the relative abundance of mesopredators, facultative scavengers, and an apex predator were affected primarily by bottom-up proce

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Norén, Emma. "Top-down eller bottom-up? : En kvalitativ studie om lärares val av läsinlärningsmetoder." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-55102.

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Syftet med undersökningen är att söka svar på hur yrkesverksamma lärare inom skolans tidi-gare åldrar åk.1–3 arbetar med läsinlärning. Jag vill även undersöka vilka läsinlärningsme-toder lärarna använder i undervisningen samt vilka faktorer som påverkat dessa lärares val av läsinlärningsmetoder. Min undersökning består av sex semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare, all verksamma inom samma mellansvenska kommun. Flera intressanta aspekter har framkommit genom undersökningen. Bland annat att ingen av de intervjuade lärarna använder sig av en enda renodlad metod. Istället blandar d

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Jachim, Stephen. "Investigating the balance of bottom-up and top-down processing in autistic perception." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-balance-of-bottomup-and-topdown-processing-in-autistic-perception(e6b4935d-2599-40b1-b0e1-003f7d636500).html.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in the first few years of life. Currently, three characteristics are required for a diagnosis of ASD, impaired social interactions, impaired verbal communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour or interests. This last category can optionally include hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input. Individuals with autism can also display superior performance on visual tasks where it may help to ignore global detail, behaviour sometimes described as ‘not seeing the forest for the trees’. At present, the exac

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SEVERIANO, Juliana dos Santos. "Efeitos top-down e bottom-up sobre a comunidade fitoplanctônica: uma análise experimental." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4842.

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Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-21T13:39:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana dos Santos Severiano.pdf: 1153405 bytes, checksum: fb7c8b63673224521d85d2d6e04afa79 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T13:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana dos Santos Severiano.pdf: 1153405 bytes, checksum: fb7c8b63673224521d85d2d6e04afa79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>The phytoplankton community can be regulated by the bottom-up controls (nutrients) and top-down (predators). The ava

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Ponce, Oliva Roberto Daniel <1979&gt. "Economic modeling of water resources in agriculture : top down and bottom up approaches." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2244.

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Agricultural sector plays a critical role in food security, and in some developing countries it also makes up a high labor-intensive economic sector. The conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) fourth assessment report suggest that climate change could threaten the agricultural sector due to changes in precipitation, temperature patterns, and an increase of extreme weather events. The objective of this thesis is to explore and compare the top/down and the bottom/up approaches in order to account for the economic impacts of water availability in the agricultural se

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Düpont, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Merging Bottom-up and Top-down Availability for realistic Analysis of Safety-related Loops : Verzahnung von Bottom-Up- und Top-Down-Verfügbarkeit zur Abbildung realen Verhaltens von PLT-Schutzeinrichtungen / Daniel Düpont." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/108453634X/34.

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Wirsch, Anton. "Analysis of a top-down bottom-up data analysis framework and software architecture design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107346.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, System Design and Management Program, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-71).<br>Data analytics is currently a topic that is popular in academia and in industry. This is one form of bottom-up analysis, where insights are gained by analyzing data. System dynamics is the opposite, a top-down methodology, by gaining insight by analyzing the big picture. The merging of the two methodologies c

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Garrett, James Samuel. "Interaction of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Search with Magnocellular- and Parvocellular-Mediated Stimuli." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1464278964.

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Calderwood, Lily. "Top-down and bottom-up tools for integrated pest management in Northeastern hop production." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/328.

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The demand for locally sourced hops from Northeastern microbreweries began the recent resurgence in local hop production. The farming community has increased acreage and improved the quality of hops grown and processed in the Northeast region over the past five years. There was a sharp increase in the number of Northeast hop producers from six in 2009 to over 175 in 2014. Hop growers in the Northeast are new to the crop and have limited experience with pest identification and management. This dissertation encompasses three research projects that were conducted over the 2012-2014 growing season

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Spivak, Amanda C. "Bottom-up and top-down controls on sedimentary ecosystem functioning in a seagrass habitat." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616861.

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Coastal seagrass ecosystems are complex habitats that are increasingly influenced by human perturbations. Disturbances that affect the strength of bottom-up (i.e. resource availability) and top-down (i.e. consumer) controls may also influence biomass distribution between trophic levels, sediment biogeochemistry, and seagrass ecosystem metabolism. Here, I experimentally tested how top-down and bottom-up perturbations interact with community structure (diversity, food chain length of epibenthic consumers) to alter sediment biogeochemistry and ecosystem metabolism in an experimental eelgrass (Zos

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Sauquet, Alexandre. "Three contributions to the top-down and bottom-up approaches to global environmental problems." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10429.

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Pour résoudre les problèmes environnementaux mondiaux, la formation d'accords multilatéraux est une solution privilégiéee. Dans cette approche, des objectifs en matière de protection de l'environnement sont définis au cours d'un cycle de négociations internationales. Une fois ces objectifs définis, une étape cruciale est de recueillir l'engagement des pays au respect de cesobjectifs. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à deux déterminants importants de l'engagement des pays: l'influence des pairs, à travers le chapitre 3, et la tenue d'élections dans le pays, à traver

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Jamroensan, Aditsuda. "Improving bottom-up and top-down estimates of carbon fluxes in the Midwestern USA." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2530.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the leading contributor to global warming and climate change. The increases in fossil fuel emissions, deforestation, and changes of land use have resulted in increased CO2 levels in the atmosphere from 280 ppm in 1765 to 390 ppm in 2010. Carbon mitigation policies for managing the biosphere to increase net CO2 uptake are dependent upon accurate knowledge of the biosphere fluxes. However, Northern Hemisphere bottom-up and top-down biosphere flux estimates show significant discrepancies, especially in North America. In this study, we design an analysis framework that inte

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MADINI, PAOLA. "Budget process design: top down – bottom up procedures and the determinants of their adoption." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054058.

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McHardy, Robin G. "Bottom-up or top-down, a comparison of two methods for teaching a motor skill." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0004/MQ42665.pdf.

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Trinko, Tara Rae. "Bottom-Up and Top-Down Controls on Algal Bloom Frequency in Two Shallow Mesotrophic Lakes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TrinkoTR2008.pdf.

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Best, Lawrence L. (Lawrence Lee). "Institutions which promote social services integration : an analysis of top-down vs. bottom-up approaches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54430.

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Adel, Enayatulla. "Democracy Promotion in Afghanistan : The top-down or bottom-up approaches of EU or US." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30455.

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Democracy promotion is a key objective in both US and EU foreign development policy. The study attempts to provide a better understanding of both actors democracy promotion in Afghanistan. The US and the EU are perceived to have different approaches regarding democracy promotion. Therefor the study examines if US used top-down and EU bottom-up approaches respective coercive and persuasive methods. Approaches used by actors are examined in the study regarding democracy promotion in the case of Afghanistan. It is a case study with qualitative text analysis and the theories used are top-down and

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Dittrich, Ruth. "Top-down and bottom-up decision-making for climate change adaptation : an application to flooding." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28676.

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There is strong scientific consensus on the evidence of anthropogenic climate change which will increasingly present social, economic and institutional challenges. The Fifth Assessment report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) established that ‘human influence on the climate system is clear’ and that ‘changes in many extreme weather and climate events have been observed since about 1950’ (IPCC 2014a). Associated impacts include sea level rise and increased likelihood of extreme weather worldwide such extreme rainfall, heat waves, hurricanes and tornados (IPCC 2014a;

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Wei, Hongguo. "Top-down and Bottom-up Effects: An Examination of Relational Compassion in Leader-follower Dyads." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1491559697964869.

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Lueken, U., B. Straube, I. Reinhardt, et al. "Altered top-down and bottom-up processing of fear conditioning in panic disorder with agoraphobia." Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A39007.

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Background: Although several neurophysiological models have been proposed for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD/AG), there is limited evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on key neural networks in PD/AG. Fear conditioning has been proposed to represent a central pathway for the development and maintenance of this disorder; however, its neural substrates remain elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of fear conditioning in PD/AG patients. Method: The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response was measured using fMRI during a fear

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Martin, Christel. "Développement, par une approche mixte top-down / bottom-up, de dispositifs planaires pour la nanoélectronique." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0020.

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Le travail présenté est une contribution au développement de dispositifs pour la nanoélectronique en associant les techniques de fabrication top-down et bottom-up. Notre choix s'est porté sur l'intégration de nano-objets (réseau 3D ou 2D ou bien objet unique) dans un dispositif à géométrique planaire composé de deux électrodes séparées par un intervalle nanométrique. Nous présentons tout d'abord les différents procédés technologiques (basé principalement sur la lithographie électronique) utilisés pour la fabrication de nanoélectrodes métalliques (or) ou métalliques magnétiques (cobalt) sur un

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Pearson, Anthony Craig. "Nanoscale Surface Patterning and Applications: Using Top-Down Patterning Methods to Aid Bottom-Up Fabrication." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3757.

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Bottom-up self-assembly can be used to create structures with sub-20 nm feature sizes or materials with advanced electrical properties. Here I demonstrate processes to enable such self-assembling systems including block copolymers and DNA origami, to be integrated into nanoelectronic devices. Additionally, I present a method which utilizes the high stability and electrical conductivity of graphene, which is a material formed using a bottom-up growth process, to create archival data storage devices. Specifically, I show a technique using block copolymer micelle lithography to fabricate arrays o

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