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Journal articles on the topic 'Bottom-up bias effect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Intaitė, M., A. Šoliūnas, O. Gurčinienė, and O. Rukšėnas. "EFFECT OF BIAS ON THE PERCEPTION OF TWO SIMULTANEOUSLY PRESENTED AMBIGUOUS FIGURES." Psichologija 47 (January 1, 2013): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2013.47.1403.

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Ambiguous figures are pictures which reverse their appearance during prolonged viewing and can be perceived in two (or more) available interpretations. Explanations for this phenomenon favour either early bottom-up processes or higher-level top-down processes. This study aimed to investigate the perception of simultaneously presented neutral and biased (i.e. with a slight modification towards one or another of the available interpretations) ambiguous figures. Our results have indicated that observers tend to perceive two adjacent identical figures as reversing simultaneously, and the same perc

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Zeljko, Mick, and Philip M. Grove. "Low-Level Motion Characteristics Do Not Account for Perceptions of Stream-Bounce Stimuli." Perception 46, no. 1 (2016): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006616672483.

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The stream-bounce effect refers to a bistable motion stimulus that is interpreted as two targets either “streaming” past or “bouncing” off one another, and the manipulations that bias responses. Directional bias, according to Bertenthal et al., is an account of the effect proposing that low-level motion integration promotes streaming, and its disruption leads to bouncing, and it is sometimes cited either directly in a bottom-up fashion or indirectly under top-down control despite Sekuler and Sekuler finding evidence inconsistent with it. We tested two key aspects of the hypothesis: (a) compara

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Amici, David R., Jasen M. Jackson, Mihai I. Truica, Roger S. Smith, Sarki A. Abdulkadir, and Marc L. Mendillo. "FIREWORKS: a bottom-up approach to integrative coessentiality network analysis." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 2 (2020): e202000882. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000882.

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Genetic coessentiality analysis, a computational approach which identifies genes sharing a common effect on cell fitness across large-scale screening datasets, has emerged as a powerful tool to identify functional relationships between human genes. However, widespread implementation of coessentiality to study individual genes and pathways is limited by systematic biases in existing coessentiality approaches and accessibility barriers for investigators without computational expertise. We created FIREWORKS, a method and interactive tool for the construction and statistical analysis of coessentia

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Bermundo, Juan Paolo, Yasuaki Ishikawa, Haruka Yamazaki, Toshiaki Nonaka, and Yukiharu Uraoka. "Highly reliable passivation layer for a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors fabricated using polysilsesquioxane." MRS Proceedings 1633 (2014): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.118.

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ABSTRACTPolysilsesquioxane passivation layers were used to passivate bottom gate a-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFT). The a-IGZO TFTs passivated with polysilsesquioxane showed highly stable behavior during positive bias stress, negative bias stress, and negative bias illumination stress. A voltage threshold shift of up to 0.1 V, less than -0.1 V and -2.3 V for positive bias stress, negative bias stress, and negative bias illumination stress, respectively. We also report the effect of reactive ion etching (RIE) on the electrical characteristics of a-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transis

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Park, Jihye, and Yoon Jin Ma. "Number-location bias: do consumers correctly process the number on the product package?" Journal of Product & Brand Management 28, no. 1 (2019): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-12-2017-1711.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the following three issues: whether consumers process numeric information with locational cues, which locations (horizontal vs vertical) are more influential in processing numbers and whether a number-location association is weakened or strengthened when a visual reference frame moves up or down. Design/methodology/approach A field study and a series of three lab experiments were conducted to examine the location effect of numeric information on the package façade on the perceived magnitude of a number. Findings The authors found that a number at the righ

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Bertleff, Sabine, Gereon R. Fink, and Ralph Weidner. "The Role of Top–Down Focused Spatial Attention in Preattentive Salience Coding and Salience-based Attentional Capture." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 8 (2016): 1152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00964.

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Selective visual attention requires an efficient coordination between top–down and bottom–up attention control mechanisms. This study investigated the behavioral and neural effects of top–down focused spatial attention on the coding of highly salient distractors and their tendency to capture attention. Combining spatial cueing with an irrelevant distractor paradigm revealed bottom–up based attentional capture only when attention was distributed across the whole search display, including the distractor location. Top–down focusing spatial attention on the target location abolished attentional ca

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Capron, Daniel W., Aaron M. Norr, Nicholas P. Allan, and Norman B. Schmidt. "Combined “top-down” and “bottom-up” intervention for anxiety sensitivity: Pilot randomized trial testing the additive effect of interpretation bias modification." Journal of Psychiatric Research 85 (February 2017): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.003.

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Varalta, Munari, Pertile, et al. "Effects of Neck Taping in the Treatment of Hemispatial Neglect in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot, Single Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial." Medicina 55, no. 4 (2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040108.

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Background and objectives: Hemispatial neglect is a common consequence of stroke, with an estimated incidence of 23%. Interventions for treating hemispatial neglect may be categorized as either top-down or bottom-up processing. The aim of top-down approaches is to train the person to voluntarily compensate for their neglect. Such approaches require awareness of the disorder and a high level of active participation by the patient. Differently, bottom-up approaches are based on manipulation of a patient’s sensory environment and so require less awareness of behavioral bias. In line with the latt

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Luo, Xi, Li-Ting Tseng, Sean Li, and Jiabao Yi. "The magnetism of BiFeO3 powders." Functional Materials Letters 08, no. 02 (2015): 1550027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604715500277.

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Conventional sintering and direct ball milling of Bi 2 O 3 + Fe 2 O 3 mixture were used for the fabrication of BiFeO 3 powders. The fabricated powders were performed annealing or high energy ball milling to vary the grain size from bottom-up or top-down. It was found that the magnetization of the powders synthesized by both methods plotted with the reciprocal of the grain size could be linearly fitted, indicating that the magnetism is from the finite size effect. Exchange bias phenomenon was observed after field cooling (FC) of the powders, confirming the magnetization is due to the uncompensa

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Zhou Wen, Peng Shu-Ping, Deng Shu-Ling, Wu Dan, Fan Zhi-Qiang, and Zhang Xiao-Jiao. "Design and Transport Properties of Multifunctional Spintronic Devices Based on Zigzag SiC Nanoribbon via Edge Asymmetric Dual-hydrogenation." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 16 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250553.

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In this paper, the first-principles method based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function is used to design and investigate transport properties of multifunctional spintronic devices based on zigzag SiC nanoribbon via edge asymmetric dual-hydrogenation. The zigzag SiC nanoribbon via edge asymmetric dual-hydrogenation is selected as electrodes, and SiC atomic single chain are connected at the above, middle upper, middle lower, and below positions of the electrodes to form four molecular devices: M1, M2, M3 and M4. The study found that the maximum spin current value of t

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Yang, Yang, Yu Zhao, Lei Zhang, et al. "Improvement of the satellite-derived NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions on air quality modeling and its effect on ozone and secondary inorganic aerosol formation in the Yangtze River Delta, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 2 (2021): 1191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1191-2021.

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Abstract. We developed a top-down methodology combining the inversed chemistry transport modeling and satellite-derived tropospheric vertical column of NO2 and estimated the NOx emissions of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region at a horizontal resolution of 9 km for January, April, July, and October 2016. The effect of the top-down emission estimation on air quality modeling and the response of ambient ozone (O3) and inorganic aerosols (SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+, SNA) to the changed precursor emissions were evaluated with the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) system. The top-down estimates

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Zaw, Amayar, Rebecca Nguyen, Leon Lam, Anthony Kaplan, and Claudia C. Dobler. "The Effect of Limiting the Scan Range of Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (to Reduce Radiation Exposure) on the Detection of Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review." Diagnostics 11, no. 12 (2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122179.

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(1) Background: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the standard imaging test for the evaluation of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), but it is associated with patients’ exposure to radiation. Studies have suggested that radiation exposure can be reduced without compromising PE detection by limiting the scan range (the z-axis, going from up to down); (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE on 17 July 2021. Studies were included if they enrolled patients who had undergone a CTPA and described the yield of PE diagnoses, number of missed filling defects a

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Loebiantoro, Ika Yanuarti, H. C. Eaw, and Nursyamilah Annuar. "The Existence of Behavioral Biases and Personality Traits in Explaining the Effect of Fundamental and Technical Analysis to Investment Performance in Indonesia Stock Exchange." Jurnal Intelek 16, no. 1 (2021): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v16i1.380.

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Rational investors focus on the fundamental and technical analysis in their investment decisions. In fundamental analysis, they consider economic conditions, industry analysis, and company analysis if they use a top-down approach, and vice versa if they use a bottom-up approach. Technical analysis focuses on the historical movement of stock price to predict the future price by using the pattern of a chart. However, in modern finance, investors are not fully rational as they are also affected by the psychological factors when making their investment decisions. These psychological factors then c

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Tonet Maciel, Francieli, and Ana Maria Hermeto C. Oliveira. "Women’s formal and informal labour in Brazil: an inequality decomposition (2000-2010)." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 4 (2018): 700–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2017-0056.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of changes in the relative composition and in the segmentation between formal and informal labour on earnings differentials among women over the last decade in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow Machado and Mata’s method to decompose the changes along the earnings distribution, with correction for sample selection and using microdata from the Demographic Census of 2000 and 2010. Informal labour was divided into informal salaried labour and self-employment, and both groups were compared with the formal labour separa

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Mirpour, Koorosh, Wei Song Ong, and James W. Bisley. "Microstimulation of Posterior Parietal Cortex Biases the Selection of Eye Movement Goals During Search." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 6 (2010): 3021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00397.2010.

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People can find objects in a visual scene fast and effortlessly. It is thought that this may be accomplished by creating a map of the outside world that incorporates bottom-up sensory and top-down cognitive inputs—a priority map. Eye movements are made toward the location represented by the highest activity on the priority map. We hypothesized that the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) of posterior parietal cortex acts as such a map. To test this, we performed low current microstimulation on animals trained to perform a foraging task and asked whether we could bias the animals to make a saccade

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Chiang, Chao-Ching, Jian-Sian Li, Hsiao-Hsuan Wan, Fan Ren, and Stephen J. Pearton. "The Optimization of NiO Doping, Thickness, and Extension in kV-Class NiO/Ga2O3 Vertical Rectifiers." Crystals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071124.

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Ga2O3 heterojunction rectifiers have emerged as a novel candidate for various power conversion applications by using NiO as the solution on the p-type side. In this work, the optimized design of high-breakdown (1–7 kV), vertical geometry NiO/Ga2O3 rectifiers was examined using the Silvaco TCAD simulator to determine the electric field distribution for different NiO parameters. The doping concentration (1017–1019 cm−3), thickness (10–70 nm) of the guard ring, and its extension beyond the anode (0–30 µm) are all important in determining where the device breakdown occurs. Spatially, this can vary

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Elferjani, Raed, Lahcen Benomar, Mina Momayyezi, et al. "A meta-analysis of mesophyll conductance to CO2 in relation to major abiotic stresses in poplar species." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 12 (2021): 4384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab127.

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Abstract Mesophyll conductance (gm) determines the diffusion of CO2 from the substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts and represents a critical component of the diffusive limitation of photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the average effect sizes of different environmental constraints on gm in Populus spp., a forest tree model. We collected raw data of 815 A–Ci response curves from 26 datasets to estimate gm, using a single curve-fitting method to alleviate method-related bias. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different abiotic stresses

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Markakis, K., M. Valari, O. Perrussel, O. Sanchez, and C. Honore. "Climate forced air-quality modeling at urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 4 (2015): 4767–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-4767-2015.

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Abstract. While previous research helped to identify and prioritize the sources of error in air-quality modeling due to anthropogenic emissions and spatial scale effects our knowledge is limited on how these uncertainties affect climate forced air-quality assessments. Using as reference a 10 yr model simulation over the greater Paris (France) area at 4 km resolution and anthropogenic emissions from a 1 km resolution bottom-up inventory, through several tests we estimate the sensitivity of modeled ozone and PM2.5 concentrations to different potentially influential factors with a particular inte

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Stanley, Nicholas, Tara Davis, and Julie Estis. "The Effect of Signal-to-Noise Ratio on Linguistic Processing in a Semantic Judgment Task: An Aging Study." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 28, no. 03 (2017): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16025.

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AbstractAging effects on speech understanding in noise have primarily been assessed through speech recognition tasks. Recognition tasks, which focus on bottom-up, perceptual aspects of speech understanding, intentionally limit linguistic and cognitive factors by asking participants to only repeat what they have heard. On the other hand, linguistic processing tasks require bottom-up and top-down (linguistic, cognitive) processing skills and are, therefore, more reflective of speech understanding abilities used in everyday communication. The effect of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on linguistic pr

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Fang, Xinding, Yingcai Zheng, and Michael C. Fehler. "Fracture clustering effect on amplitude variation with offset and azimuth analyses." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 1 (2017): N13—N25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0045.1.

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Traditional amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOAz) analysis for fracture characterization extracts fracture properties through analysis of reflection AVOAz to determine anisotropic parameters (e.g., Thomsen’s parameters) that are then related to fracture properties. The validity of this method relies on the basic assumption that a fractured unit can be viewed as an equivalent anisotropic medium. As a rule of thumb, this assumption is taken to be valid when the fracture spacing is less than [Formula: see text]. Under the effective medium assumption, diffractions from individual fra

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Boisot, Max. "Generating knowledge in a connected world: The case of the ATLAS experiment at CERN." Management Learning 42, no. 4 (2011): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507611408676.

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The spatial challenges posed by the dynamics of globalization together with the availability of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) have fostered the development of virtual collaboration. Driven by organizational authority systems, however, much of this activity remains of a top-down, hierarchical nature. Although the proportion of bottom-up activity has increased, it has not displaced the top-down bias in the governance structures of firms and the formal processes that give them effect. Yet recent developments are challenging the organizational assumptions that underpin such

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Hikosaka, Okihide, Satoru Miyauchi, and Shinsuke Shimojo. "Voluntary and Stimulus-Induced Attention Detected as Motion Sensation." Perception 22, no. 5 (1993): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220517.

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Attention may be drawn passively to a visually salient object. We may also actively direct attention to an object of interest. Do the two kinds of attention, passive and active, interact and jointly influence visual information processing at some neural level? What happens if the passive and active attentions come into conflict? These questions were addressed with the aid of a novel psychophysical technique which reveals an attentional gradient as a sensation of motion in a line which is presented instantaneously. The subjects were asked to direct attention with voluntary effort: to the side o

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Pay, M. T., F. Martínez, M. Guevara, and J. M. Baldasano. "Air quality forecasts at kilometer scale grid over Spanish complex terrains." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 2 (2014): 2293–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-2293-2014.

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Abstract. CALIOPE-AQFS represents the current state-of-the-art in air quality forecasting systems running at high resolution over high performance computing platforms. It provides 48 h forecast of main pollutants over Spain at 4 km horizontal resolution, and over the most populated areas with complex terrains in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid and Andalucia domains) at 1 km. Increased horizontal resolution from 4 km to 1 km over the aforementioned domains leads to finer texture and more realistic concentration maps, justified by the increase of NO2/O3 spatial correlation coefficients from 0.79/0.69 (

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Pay, M. T., F. Martínez, M. Guevara, and J. M. Baldasano. "Air quality forecasts on a kilometer-scale grid over complex Spanish terrains." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 5 (2014): 1979–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1979-2014.

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Abstract. The CALIOPE Air Quality Forecast System (CALIOPE-AQFS) represents the current state of the art in air quality forecasting systems of high-resolution running on high-performance computing platforms. It provides a 48 h forecast of NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO, and C6H6 at a 4 km horizontal resolution over all of Spain, and at a 1 km horizontal resolution over the most populated areas in Spain with complex terrains (the Barcelona (BCN), Madrid (MAD) and Andalusia (AND) domains). Increased horizontal resolution from 4 to 1 km over the aforementioned domains leads to finer textures and m

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Markakis, K., M. Valari, O. Perrussel, O. Sanchez, and C. Honore. "Climate-forced air-quality modeling at the urban scale: sensitivity to model resolution, emissions and meteorology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 13 (2015): 7703–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7703-2015.

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Abstract. While previous research helped to identify and prioritize the sources of error in air-quality modeling due to anthropogenic emissions and spatial scale effects, our knowledge is limited on how these uncertainties affect climate-forced air-quality assessments. Using as reference a 10-year model simulation over the greater Paris (France) area at 4 km resolution and anthropogenic emissions from a 1 km resolution bottom-up inventory, through several tests we estimate the sensitivity of modeled ozone and PM2.5 concentrations to different potentially influential factors with a particular i

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Wang, Xinmei, Xianding He, Hua Yang, et al. "Graphene-Based Absorber: Tunable, Highly Sensitive, Six-Frequency." Molecules 30, no. 8 (2025): 1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30081688.

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Due to the equipartition exciton property of graphene metamaterials, researchers have applied them to the design of absorbers and developed a series of absorbers covering different wavebands (including narrowband and broadband). In this paper, an absorber based on surface-isotropic excitations was designed with the help of graphene metamaterials and relevant simulations. The absorber exhibited six perfect absorption peaks in the mid-infrared band and had an extremely simple structure consisting of only three layers: a gold layer at the bottom, a dielectric layer made of silica in the middle, a

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Wang, Yi Tzu, Hsiang-Shun Kao, and Jiun-Yun Li. "Cryogenic Characteristics of Ferroelectric Capacitors and Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 31 (2025): 1593. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01311593mtgabs.

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Ferroelectricity exhibits two stable states with permanent polarizations, making it promising for nonvolatile memory applications. Compared to conventional perovskite ferroelectrics, hafnium-based ferroelectric materials, such as Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO), attracts much attention due to their compatibility with CMOS technology [1]. Furthermore, with the high demand in high-performance computing and the emerging quantum computing, cryogenic memory technologies become more important due to the required much lower operational temperatures. In this work, we investigate the properties of HZO-based ferroel

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Soet, M., R. J. Ronda, J. N. M. Stricker, and A. J. Dolman. "Land surface scheme conceptualisation and parameter values for three sites with contrasting soils and climate." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 2 (2000): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-283-2000.

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Abstract. The objective of the present study is to test the performance of the ECMWF land surface module (LSM) developed by Viterbo and Beljaars (1995) and to identify primary future adjustments, focusing on the hydrological components. This was achieved by comparing off-line simulations against observations and a detailed state-of-the-art model over a range of experimental conditions. Results showed that the standard LSM, which uses fixed vegetation and soil parameter values, systematically underestimated evapotranspiration, partly due to underestimating bare soil evaporation, which appeared

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Giadrossich, F., M. Niedda, D. Cohen, and M. Pirastru. "Evaporation in a Mediterranean environment by energy budget and Penman methods, Lake Baratz, Sardinia, Italy." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 5 (2015): 2451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2451-2015.

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Abstract. In Mediterranean environments, evaporation is a key component of lake water budgets. This applies to Lake Baratz in Sardinia, Italy, a closed lake that almost dried up in 2008 after a succession of years with low seasonal rainfall. We used the energy budget method and Penman's equation to estimate evaporation over Lake Baratz. We measured, using a raft station, water temperature at the surface, at 1, 2, 4, 6 m depth and at the bottom of the lake, as well as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and net radiation over a period of 3 years. We also compared Penman's equation a

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Wang, Yaqi, Lanning Wang, Juan Feng, Zhenya Song, Qizhong Wu, and Huaqiong Cheng. "A sub-grid parameterization scheme for topographic vertical motion in CAM5-SE." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 22 (2023): 6857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6857-2023.

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Abstract. Overestimation of precipitation over steep mountains is always a common bias of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). One basic reason is the imperfection of parameterization schemes. Sub-grid topography has a non-negligible role in the dynamics of the actual atmosphere, and therefore the sub-grid topographic parameterization schemes have been the focus of model development. This study proposes a sub-grid parameterization scheme for topographic vertical motion in CAM5-SE (Community Atmospheric Model version 5 with spectral element dynamical core) to revise the original vert

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Kingston, John. "Most but not all bottom-up interactions between signal properties improve categorization." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 3 (2000): 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00333246.

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The massive acoustic redundancy of minimally contrasting speech sounds, coupled with the auditory integration of psychoacoustically similar acoustic properties produces a highly invariant percept, which cannot be improved by top-down feedback from the lexicon. Contextual effects are also bottom-up but not all entirely auditory and may thus differ in whether they affect sensitivity or only response bias.

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Scalf, Paige E., JeeWon Ahn, Diane M. Beck, and Alejandro Lleras. "Trial History Effects in the Ventral Attentional Network." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 12 (2014): 2789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00678.

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The ventral attentional network (VAN) is thought to drive “stimulus driven attention” [e.g., Asplund, C. L., Todd, J. J., Snyder, A. P., & Marois, R. A central role for the lateral prefrontal cortex in goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 507–512, 2010; Shulman, G. L., McAvoy, M. P., Cowan, M. C., Astafiev, S. V., Tansy, A. P., D' Avossa, G., et al. Quantitative analysis of attention and detection signals during visual search. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 3384–3397, 2003]; in other words, it instantiates within the current stimulus environment the top–do

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Skavronskaya, Liubov, Noel Scott, Brent Moyle, et al. "Cognitive psychology and tourism research: state of the art." Tourism Review 72, no. 2 (2017): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-03-2017-0041.

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PurposeThis review aims to discuss concepts and theories from cognitive psychology, identifies tourism studies applying them and discusses key areas for future research. The paper aims to demonstrate the usefulness of cognitive psychology for understanding why tourists and particularly pleasure travellers demonstrate the behaviour they exhibit. Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews 165 papers from the cognitive psychology and literature regarding pleasure travel related to consciousness, mindfulness, flow, retrospection, prospection, attention, schema and memory, feelings and emotions.

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Zheng, Yingqi, Minttu Havu, Huizhi Liu, et al. "Simulating heat and CO₂ fluxes in Beijing using SUEWS V2020b: sensitivity to vegetation phenology and maximum conductance." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 15 (2023): 4551–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-4551-2023.

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Abstract. The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS) has recently been introduced to include a bottom-up approach to modeling carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and uptake in urban areas. In this study, SUEWS is evaluated against the measured eddy covariance (EC) turbulent fluxes of sensible heat (QH), latent heat (QE), and CO2 (FC) in a densely built neighborhood in Beijing. The model sensitivity to maximum conductance (gmax) and leaf area index (LAI) is examined. Site-specific gmax is obtained from observations over local vegetation species, and LAI parameters are extracted by opt

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Well, Reinhard, Martin Maier, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Jan-Reent Köster, and Nicolas Ruoss. "Underestimation of denitrification rates from field application of the <sup>15</sup>N gas flux method and its correction by gas diffusion modelling." Biogeosciences 16, no. 10 (2019): 2233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2233-2019.

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Abstract. Common methods for measuring soil denitrification in situ include monitoring the accumulation of 15N-labelled N2 and N2O evolved from 15N-labelled soil nitrate pool in closed chambers that are placed on the soil surface. Gas diffusion is considered to be the main transport process in the soil. Because accumulation of gases within the chamber decreases concentration gradients between soil and the chamber over time, the surface efflux of gases decreases as well, and gas production rates are underestimated if calculated from chamber concentrations without consideration of this mechanism

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Krishnamoorthy, Sriram, Saurav Roy, Arkka Bhattacharyya, Carl Peterson, and Yizheng Liu. "(Invited) Beta-Gallium Oxide-Based Devices Towards Grid-Scale Electronics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 32 (2024): 2311. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02322311mtgabs.

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Gallium Oxide is an emerging ultra-wide band gap semiconductor with promising material properties relevant for high performance power electronic devices. The availability of large area bulk substrates using melt growth techniques and the wide range of tunable n-type conductivity makes it a compelling semiconductor material platform for next-generation power devices. Lateral Devices: Homoepitaxial Si-doped channel layers are grown using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on NCT and Synoptics (010) Ga2O3 bulk substrates after chemical cleaning to minimize impurities at the substrate-epita

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Chang, Yonghwan, and Yong Jae Ko. "The effects of association strength on attention and product evaluation." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 5/6 (2018): 1257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2016-0261.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to test whether endorsements that show a low strength of association (bottom-up bias) benefit from increased attention and processing efforts. The current study also tested whether consumer involvement level (top-down bias) dynamically interacts with the bottom-up attention phenomena. Design/methodology/approach Through a series of pretests, 36 potential celebrity-product matches were identified using real athletes and product brands. Two experiments were conducted: 330 individual responses (110 participants × three conditions) were obtained in a within-su

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Ko, Jerome Chie-Jen, Huiling Chang, Yihong Chang, et al. "How Citizen Science is Reinforcing the Forming of a Bottom-Up National Biodiversity Open Data Culture: Our progress on an island in the Western Pacific region - Taiwan." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 26, 2019): e37380. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37380.

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The importance of a data exchanging culture accompanied by a supporting bioinformatic system is widely praised as an aid to sustainable development. Yet this is not always implemented as a top-down procedure in every governing environment. Common obstacles include lack of resources, lack of support from decision-makers, and lack of recognition from data-providers. Using citizen science (hereafter CS), which assumes a spirit of public information sharing, we demonstrate how CS can be a critical tool to help database managers overcome this difficulty. CS data contributes to impressively over 70%

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Chen, Tzu-Ting, Linus Y. S. Chiu, and Ying-Tsong Lin. "Effects of nonlinear internal gravity waves on normal-incident reflection measurements of seafloor sediments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 1 (2023): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016858.

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Sonar data acquired by sub-bottom profilers and echosounder systems are widely used to estimate geoacoustic properties of marine sediments. However, the uncertainty of the seabed property estimates caused by water-column variability may limit the application. In this paper, the acoustic focusing and defocusing effects of nonlinear internal gravity waves on normal-incident acoustic reflection measurements are studied. The experiment data were collected in the South China Sea from two transceiver moorings located at two different sites, one of which contained strong nonlinear internal waves (NIW

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Lin, Peng, Yan Jin, Fu Yang, et al. "A Simulation and Optimization Study of the Swirling Nozzle for Eccentric Flow Fields of Round Molds." Metals 10, no. 5 (2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050691.

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In continuous casting, the nozzle position may deviate from the center under actual operating conditions, which may cause periodic fluctuation of the steel-slag interface and easily lead to slag entrapment and gas absorption. Swirling nozzles can reduce these negative effects. A mathematical simulation method based on a round mold of steel components with a 600 mm diameter is applied to study the flow field of molten steel in a mold. The swirling nozzle is optimized through the establishment of a fluid dynamics model. Meanwhile, a 1:2 hydraulic model is established for validation experiments.

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Munneke, Jaap, İlker Duymaz, and Jennifer E. Corbett. "Value-driven effects on perceptual averaging." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 84, no. 3 (2022): 781–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02446-x.

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AbstractPerceptual averaging refers to a strategy of encoding the statistical properties of entire sets of objects rather than encoding individual object properties, potentially circumventing the visual system’s strict capacity limitations. Prior work has shown that such average representations of set properties, such as its mean size, can be modulated by top-down and bottom-up attention. However, it is unclear to what extent attentional biases through selection history, in the form of value-driven attentional capture, influences this type of summary statistical representation. To investigate,

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Kim, Kyoung-Min, Si-Wan Kim, Seunghwan Seo, et al. "Sensitivity of the WRF-Chem v4.4 simulations of ozone and formaldehyde and their precursors to multiple bottom-up emission inventories over East Asia during the KORUS-AQ 2016 field campaign." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 4 (2024): 1931–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1931-2024.

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Abstract. In this study, the WRF-Chem v4.4 model was utilized to evaluate the sensitivity of O3 simulations with three bottom-up emission inventories (EDGAR-HTAP v2 and v3 and KORUS v5) using surface and aircraft data in East Asia during the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign period in 2016. All emission inventories were found to reproduce the diurnal variations of O3 and its main precursor NO2 as compared to the surface monitor data. However, the spatial distributions of the daily maximum 8 h average (MDA8) O3 in the model do not completely align with the observations. The mo

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Leppanen, Jenni, Olivia Patsalos, Sophie Surguladze, Jess Kerr-Gaffney, Steven Williams, and Ketevan Tchanturia. "Evaluation of film stimuli for the assessment of social-emotional processing: a pilot study." PeerJ 10 (November 23, 2022): e14160. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14160.

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Background Difficulties in top-down and bottom-up emotion generation have been proposed to play a key role in the progression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the current study was to develop more ecologically valid measures of top-down interpretation biases and bottom-up evoked emotional responses. Methods A total of 124 healthy female participants aged 18–25 took part in the study. We evaluated two sets of 18 brief film clips. The first set of film clips presented ambiguous social situations designed to examine interpretation biases. Participants provided written interpretations of each

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Javadi, Amir-Homayoun, Angeliki Beyko, Vincent Walsh, and Ryota Kanai. "Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Motor Cortex Biases Action Choice in a Perceptual Decision Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 11 (2015): 2174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00848.

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One of the multiple interacting systems involved in the selection and execution of voluntary actions is the primary motor cortex (PMC). We aimed to investigate whether the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of this area can modulate hand choice. A perceptual decision-making task was administered. Participants were asked to classify rectangles with different height-to-width ratios into horizontal and vertical rectangles using their right and left index fingers while their PMC was stimulated either bilaterally or unilaterally. Two experiments were conducted with different stimulation

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Sahabuddin, Farhah Nadhirah Aiman, Nazatul Izzati Jamaludin, Nurul Hidayah Amir, and Shazlin Shaharudin. "The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review." PeerJ 9 (July 5, 2021): e11731. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11731.

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Background A range of non-contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, and patellofemoral pain syndrome are caused by disordered knee joint loading from excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Previous systematic reviews showed that DKV could be modified through the influence of hip strength and ankle range of motion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise intervention which involved either top-down or bottom-up kinetic chains on minimizing DKV in male and female adults and adolescents, with and without existing knee pain. Methodology

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Susilowati, Rini. "Listening Anxiety and The Solutions To Inhibit Its Negative Effects." Edukasi Lingua Sastra 17, no. 2 (2019): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/elsa.v17i2.36.

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Kemampuan menyimak dalam bahasa Inggris adalah kemampuan yang tidak mudah dikuasai oleh semua siswa yang bukan penutur asli bahasa tersebut. Kemampuan ini harus didukung oleh penguasaan kosakata bahasa Iggris yang baik, mengaitkan makna kata dan frase bahasa Inggris dengan konteks topik pembicaran sehingga dapat menyimpulkan dengan benar isi pembicaraan yang disimak, mengikuti kecepatan berbicara penutur asing dan aksen berbicara yang berbeda-beda, memahami konteks struktur tata bahasa yang biasa dipergunakan dalam bentuk lisan percakapan bahasa Inggris, serta pengetahuan dasar yand dimiliki t

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Fairfield, Beth, Caterina Padulo, Alessandro Bortolotti, Bernardo Perfetti, Nicola Mammarella, and Michela Balsamo. "Do Older and Younger Adults Prefer the Positive or Avoid the Negative?" Brain Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030393.

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Affective information is processed in different ways across one’s lifespan. Explanations for this pattern of performance are multiple and range from top-down motivational shifts and cognitive control to faster bottom-up and implicit processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate implicit affective information processing and positivity effects by examining performance in a modified version of the dot-probe task across three image-pair conditions (positive/neutral; negative/neutral; and positive/negative). We examined data from 50 older adults and 50 younger adults. The results showed that af

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Trubnikova, Victoriya Yu. "Pragmatic (In)appropriateness of Diminutives in Russian Language." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 4 (2021): 1160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-4-1160-1174.

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The article discusses the issue of pragmatic meanings of diminutive forms in the Russian language from the point of view of politeness and speech act theories. The impact of diminutives on the illocutionary force and perlocutionary effects of speech acts raises the question of their appropriateness in various communicative situations. Since there is a negative bias towards diminutives among lay native speakers, it was decided to analyse their opinions, beliefs and feelings in order to define 1) the speakers illocutionary intentions; 2) contexts of use and 3) perlocutionary effects. The online

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Wu, Feng, Jijian Lian, Fang Liu, and Ye Yao. "Study on the Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Suspended Sediment Driven by Waves and Currents." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 11 (2024): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12112015.

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Port coasts are affected by waves and tidal currents, and sediment continues to silt up, leading to a reduction in the depth of water in the channel, blocking the channel and seriously affecting the safe operation of ports. The main cause of sediment deposition in ports is suspended sediment transport, and the characteristics of the vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentrations are the embodiment of the suspended sediment transport law. This paper is divided into three parts to study the vertical distribution characteristics of suspended sediment concentrations. Firstly, the short

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Yuan, Xian-Xun, and Iliya Nemtsov. "Local Calibration of the MEPDG Distress and Performance Models for Ontario’s Flexible Roads: Overview, Impacts, and Reflection." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 40 (2018): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118759013.

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Built upon a seven-year local calibration study of Ontario’s flexible pavements, this paper provides a summary of the calibration results and design impact and, more importantly, shares the experience and lessons learned from the process. The best results have been achieved on the local calibration of the rutting, bottom-up fatigue cracking, and international roughness index (IRI) distress models minimizing the residual sum of squares (RSS) while maintaining the average bias at zero. Significant efforts have been made to calibrate the other distress models with limited success. A design impact

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