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Journal articles on the topic 'Bottom-up forcings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Molero, Francisco, Alfonso Javier Fernández, María Aránzazu Revuelta, Isabel Martínez-Marco, Manuel Pujadas, and Begoña Artíñano. "Effect of Vertical Profile of Aerosols on the Local Shortwave Radiative Forcing Estimation." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020187.

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In this work, the effect of the aerosol vertical distribution on the local shortwave aerosol radiative forcing is studied. We computed the radiative forcing at the top and bottom of the atmosphere between 0.2 and 4 microns using the libRadTran package and compared the results with those provided by AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork). Lidar measurements were employed to characterize the aerosol vertical profile, and collocated AERONET measurements provided aerosol optical parameters required to calculate its radiative forcing. A good correlation between the calculated radiative forcings and thos

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Pielke, Roger A., Jimmy Adegoke, Faisal Hossain, and Dev Niyogi. "Environmental and Social Risks to Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health—A Bottom-Up, Resource-Focused Assessment Framework." Earth 2, no. 3 (2021): 440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2030026.

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Risks from human intervention in the climate system are raising concerns with respect to individual species and ecosystem health and resiliency. A dominant approach uses global climate models to predict changes in climate in the coming decades and then to downscale this information to assess impacts to plant communities, animal habitats, agricultural and urban ecosystems, and other parts of the Earth’s life system. To achieve robust assessments of the threats to these systems in this top-down, outcome vulnerability approach, however, requires skillful prediction, and representation of changes

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3

Pradeep Ram, A. S., S. Chaibi-Slouma, J. Keshri, J. Colombet, and T. Sime-Ngando. "Functional Responses of Bacterioplankton Diversity and Metabolism to Experimental Bottom-Up and Top-Down Forcings." Microbial Ecology 72, no. 2 (2016): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0782-0.

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4

Lopes, José Fortes. "Assessing the Influence of the Benthic/Pelagic Exchange on the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Status of the Water Column, under Physical Forcings: A Modeling Study." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 8 (2024): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081310.

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The main purpose of this study is to set up a biogeochemistry model for the Ria de Aveiro ecosystem and evaluate the relative importance of the main parameters and the processes occurring at the interface between the water column and the upper layer of the bottom sediment. It addresses a gap in modeling the interactions between the biogeochemical status of the water column and the upper sediment layer in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon ecosystem. Traditional modeling studies treated the bottom sediment as a rigid boundary, ignoring significant biogeochemical interactions at the interface between the

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Dinápoli, Matías G., Claudia G. Simionato, and Diego Moreira. "Model Sensitivity during Extreme Positive and Negative Surges in the Río de la Plata Estuary: Highlighting the Need for an Appropriate Hindcast/Forecast System." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 3 (2020): 1097–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0171.1.

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Abstract The large and fast-flowing Río de la Plata (RdP) estuary is affected by extreme storm surges (above ±2 m with respect to tidal datum), which have large impacts on the millions of inhabitants and for navigation. In this work the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community Model (CROCO) numerical model was modified and implemented as a set of regional one-way nested 2D applications for the hindcast/forecast of water level in the RdP. A sensitivity analysis (SA) was carried out to determine the impact on the numerical solutions of the uncertainties in the different modeling parameter forcings a

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Habib, Md Ahsan, and Gary A. Zarillo. "Construction of a Real-Time Forecast Model for Coastal Engineering and Processes Nested in a Basin Scale Model." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (2023): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071263.

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A numerical model was developed using Delft3D to simulate the circulation dynamics in Port Everglades, FL, and the adjacent coastal area. The model was nested within the HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), while meteorological data were obtained from the NARR (North American Regional Reanalysis) model. To evaluate the model, model outputs were compared with observed data from the NOAA. Calibration experiments were conducted on the model parameters, including the bottom friction, wind forcings, and vertical layer specification. These experiments revealed that implementing a 10-layer model sl

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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. V. Rozanov, et al. "Impact of solar versus volcanic activity variations on tropospheric temperatures and precipitation during the Dalton Minimum." Climate of the Past 10, no. 3 (2014): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-921-2014.

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Abstract. The aim of this work is to elucidate the impact of changes in solar irradiance and energetic particles versus volcanic eruptions on tropospheric global climate during the Dalton Minimum (DM, AD 1780–1840). Separate variations in the (i) solar irradiance in the UV-C with wavelengths λ < 250 nm, (ii) irradiance at wavelengths λ > 250 nm, (iii) in energetic particle spectrum, and (iv) volcanic aerosol forcing were analyzed separately, and (v) in combination, by means of small ensemble calculations using a coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry–climate model. Global and hemispheric mea

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Anet, J. G., S. Muthers, E. V. Rozanov, et al. "Impact of solar vs. volcanic activity variations on tropospheric temperatures and precipitation during the Dalton Minimum." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 6 (2013): 6179–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-6179-2013.

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Abstract. The aim of this work is to elucidate the impact of changes in solar irradiance and energetic particles vs. volcanic eruptions on tropospheric global climate during the Dalton Minimum (DM, 1780–1840 AD). Separate variations in the (i) solar irradiance in the UV-C with wavelengths λ < 250 nm, (ii) irradiance at wavelengths λ > 250 nm, (iii) in energetic particle spectrum, and (iv) volcanic aerosol forcing were analyzed separately, and (v) in combination, by means of small ensemble calculations using a coupled atmosphere-ocean chemistry-climate-model. Global and hemispheric mean s

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9

Rumín-Caparrós, A., A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. Calafat, et al. "External forcings, oceanographic processes and particle flux dynamics in Cap de Creus submarine canyon, NW Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (2012): 18571–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-18571-2012.

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Abstract. Atmospheric forcing during 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 winter months showed differences in both intensity and persistence that led to distinct oceanographic responses. Persistent dry northern winds caused strong heat losses (14 211 W m−2) in winter 2009–2010 that triggered a pronounced sea surface cooling compared to winter 2010–2011 (1597 W m−2 lower). As a consequence, a large volume of dense shelf water formed in winter 2009–2010, which cascaded at high speed (up to ∼ 1 m s−1) down Cap de Creus canyon, as measured by current-meters in mooring lines deployed inside the canyon at 300 m

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Rumín-Caparrós, A., A. Sanchez-Vidal, A. Calafat, et al. "External forcings, oceanographic processes and particle flux dynamics in Cap de Creus submarine canyon, NW Mediterranean Sea." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (2013): 3493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3493-2013.

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Abstract. Particle fluxes (including major components and grain size), and oceanographic parameters (near-bottom water temperature, current speed and suspended sediment concentration) were measured along the Cap de Creus submarine canyon in the Gulf of Lions (GoL; NW Mediterranean Sea) during two consecutive winter-spring periods (2009–2010 and 2010–2011). The comparison of data obtained with the measurements of meteorological and hydrological parameters (wind speed, turbulent heat flux, river discharge) have shown the important role of atmospheric forcings in transporting particulate matter t

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Cerralbo, Pablo, Manuel Espino, Manel Grifoll, and Arnoldo Valle-Levinson. "Subtidal circulation in a microtidal Mediterranean bay." Scientia Marina 82, no. 4 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04801.16a.

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We examine the role of different forcings on the subtidal circulation in a microtidal bay with freshwater inputs in the NW Mediterranean Sea: Alfacs Bay. Observations of subtidal flow in summer 2013 and winter 2014 reveal a two-layered, vertically sheared circulation. During the summer, there is a significant positive correlation between surface currents and winds along the main axis of the bay, while a negative correlation is observed between wind and the bottom layers. During the winter, the cross-shore response is correlated with the most energetic winds, showing a two-layered vertical stru

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12

Brady, Esther C., Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Jennifer E. Kay, and Nan Rosenbloom. "Sensitivity to Glacial Forcing in the CCSM4." Journal of Climate 26, no. 6 (2013): 1901–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00416.1.

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Abstract Results are presented from the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) at the standard 1° resolution, the same resolution as the majority of the CCSM4 CMIP5 long-term simulations for the historical and future projection scenarios. The forcings and boundary conditions for this simulation follow the protocols of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, version 3 (PMIP3). Two additional CCSM4 CO2 sensitivity simulations, in which the concentrations are abrup

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13

Iglesias, Virginia, and Cathy Whitlock. "If the trees burn, is the forest lost? Past dynamics in temperate forests help inform management strategies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1794 (2020): 20190115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0115.

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Forest dynamics are driven by top-down changes in climate and bottom-up positive (destabilizing) and negative (stabilizing) biophysical feedbacks involving disturbance and biotic interactions. When positive feedbacks prevail, the resulting self-propagating changes can potentially shift the system into a new state, even in the absence of climate change. Conversely, negative feedbacks help maintain a dynamic equilibrium that allows communities to recover their pre-disturbance characteristics. We examine palaeoenvironmental records from temperate forests to assess the nature of long-term stabilit

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Hansen, J., M. Sato, P. Hearty, et al. "Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 °C global warming is highly dangerous." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 14 (2015): 20059–179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-20059-2015.

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Abstract. There is evidence of ice melt, sea level rise to +5–9 m, and extreme storms in the prior interglacial period that was less than 1 °C warmer than today. Human-made climate forcing is stronger and more rapid than paleo forcings, but much can be learned by combining insights from paleoclimate, climate modeling, and on-going observations. We argue that ice sheets in contact with the ocean are vulnerable to non-linear disintegration in response to ocean warming, and we posit that ice sheet mass loss can be approximated by a doubling time up to sea level rise of at least several meters. Do

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15

Collet, François, Margot Bador, Julien Boé, Laurent Dubus, and Bénédicte Jourdier. "Compound winter low-wind and cold events impacting the French electricity system: observed evolution and role of large-scale circulation." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 2 (2025): 843–56. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-843-2025.

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Abstract. To reach climate mitigation goals, the share of wind power in electricity production is set to increase substantially in France. In winter, low-wind days are challenging for the electricity system when compounded with cold days that are associated with peak electricity demand. The scope of this study is to characterize the evolution of compound low-wind and cold events in winter over the 1950–2022 period in France. Compound events are identified at the daily scale using a bottom-up approach based on two indices relevant to the French energy sector, derived from temperature and wind o

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16

de Rooij, G. H. "Is the groundwater reservoir linear? A mathematical analysis of two limiting cases." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (2014): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-83-2014.

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Abstract. Storage–discharge relationships of the groundwater reservoirs of several catchments in a temperate-humid climate were reported in the literature to be seemingly non-linear. Once recharge was adequately accounted for during model calibration they turned out to be linear. The question was posed if this linearity was a fundamental property of groundwater reservoirs in general. A mathematical analysis based on analytical solutions for several cases involving parallel flow in horizontal aquifers shows that this is not the case when the surface water level is close to the aquifer bottom. W

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17

Saba, Vincent S., James R. Spotila, Francisco P. Chavez, and John A. Musick. "BOTTOM-UP AND CLIMATIC FORCING ON THE WORLDWIDE POPULATION OF LEATHERBACK TURTLES." Ecology 89, no. 5 (2008): 1414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0364.1.

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18

Pierce, Becky M., Vernon C. Bleich, Kevin L. Monteith, and R. Terry Bowyer. "Top-down versus bottom-up forcing: evidence from mountain lions and mule deer." Journal of Mammalogy 93, no. 4 (2012): 977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/12-mamm-a-014.1.

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19

Stock, Charles A., Thomas M. Powell, and Simon A. Levin. "Bottom–up and top–down forcing in a simple size-structured plankton dynamics model." Journal of Marine Systems 74, no. 1-2 (2008): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.12.004.

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20

Di Lorenzo, Emanuele, David Mountain, Harold Batchelder, Nicholas Bond, and Eileen Hofmann. "Advances in Marine Ecosystem Dynamics from US GLOBEC: The Horizontal-Advection Bottom-up Forcing Paradigm." Oceanography 26, no. 4 (2013): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.73.

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21

Mcowen, Chris J., William W. L. Cheung, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Reg A. Watson, and Louisa J. Wood. "Is fisheries production within Large Marine Ecosystems determined by bottom-up or top-down forcing?" Fish and Fisheries 16, no. 4 (2014): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12082.

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22

Mengis, Nadine, David P. Keller, and Andreas Oschlies. "Systematic Correlation Matrix Evaluation (SCoMaE) – a bottom–up, science-led approach to identifying indicators." Earth System Dynamics 9, no. 1 (2018): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-15-2018.

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Abstract. This study introduces the Systematic Correlation Matrix Evaluation (SCoMaE) method, a bottom–up approach which combines expert judgment and statistical information to systematically select transparent, nonredundant indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the Earth system. The methods consists of two basic steps: (1) the calculation of a correlation matrix among variables relevant for a given research question and (2) the systematic evaluation of the matrix, to identify clusters of variables with similar behavior and respective mutually independent indicators. Option

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23

Ayón, Patricia, Gordon Swartzman, Arnaud Bertrand, Mariano Gutiérrez, and Sophie Bertrand. "Zooplankton and forage fish species off Peru: Large-scale bottom-up forcing and local-scale depletion." Progress in Oceanography 79, no. 2-4 (2008): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.023.

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Scrosati, Ricardo A., and Julius A. Ellrich. "Benthic-pelagic coupling and bottom-up forcing in rocky intertidal communities along the Atlantic Canadian coast." Ecosphere 9, no. 5 (2018): e02229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2229.

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Haverd, Vanessa, Benjamin Smith, Lars Nieradzik, et al. "A new version of the CABLE land surface model (Subversion revision r4601) incorporating land use and land cover change, woody vegetation demography, and a novel optimisation-based approach to plant coordination of photosynthesis." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 7 (2018): 2995–3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2995-2018.

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Abstract. The Community Atmosphere–Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE) is a land surface model (LSM) that can be applied stand-alone and provides the land surface–atmosphere exchange within the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS). We describe new developments that extend the applicability of CABLE for regional and global carbon–climate simulations, accounting for vegetation responses to biophysical and anthropogenic forcings. A land use and land cover change module driven by gross land use transitions and wood harvest area was implemented, tailored to the needs o

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Barbraud, Christophe, and Cedric Cotte. "Short Note: Paradigms need hypothesis testing: no evidence for top-down forcing on Adélie and emperor penguin populations." Antarctic Science 20, no. 4 (2008): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102008001260.

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In their recent review article “Paradigm lost, or is top-down forcing no longer significant in the Antarctic marine ecosystem?” Ainley et al. (2007) questioned why Southern Ocean marine ecologists apparently have shifted to a central paradigm where bottom-up forcing by physics and climate change has become the single most important driver of food web dynamics in the Southern Ocean. Ainley et al. (2007) suggest that top-down forcing (forcing by biotic processes) is no longer considered in the interpretation of ecological research results aimed at understanding ecosystem processes of the Souther

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Obradovich, Shannon G., Erin H. Carruthers, and George A. Rose. "Bottom-up limits to Newfoundland capelin (Mallotus villosus) rebuilding: the euphausiid hypothesis." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 4 (2013): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst184.

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Abstract Capelin (Mallotus villosus) is the key forage fish species in the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf ecosystem. Capelin stocks collapsed in the early 1990s, concurrent with declines in “northern” Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Neither has fully recovered yet. Changes in growth, condition, and behaviour accompanied capelin declines on the northern Grand Banks (NGB), and remain two decades later. Feeding, growth, and condition of NGB capelin were all lower when compared with capelin from the eastern Scotian Shelf (ESS), where abundance increased following predator declines. For age 2–5 capeli

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Petzold, Willy, and Ricardo A. Scrosati. "Differential recolonization of Atlantic intertidal habitats after disturbance reveals potential bottom-up community regulation." F1000Research 3 (October 20, 2014): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.5545.1.

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In the spring of 2014, abundant sea ice that drifted out of the Gulf of St. Lawrence caused extensive disturbance in rocky intertidal habitats on the northern Atlantic coast of mainland Nova Scotia, Canada. To monitor recovery of intertidal communities, we surveyed two wave-exposed locations in the early summer of 2014. Barnacle recruitment and the abundance of predatory dogwhelks were low at one location (Tor Bay Provincial Park) but more than 20 times higher at the other location (Whitehead). Satellite data indicated that the abundance of coastal phytoplankton (the main food source for barna

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Zhang, Jian, Hong Qian, Marco Girardello, Vincent Pellissier, Scott E. Nielsen, and Jens-Christian Svenning. "Trophic interactions among vertebrate guilds and plants shape global patterns in species diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1883 (2018): 20180949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0949.

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Trophic interactions play critical roles in structuring biotic communities. Understanding variation in trophic interactions among systems provides important insights into biodiversity maintenance and conservation. However, the relative importance of bottom-up versus top-down trophic processes for broad-scale patterns in biodiversity is poorly understood. Here, we used global datasets on species richness of vascular plants, mammals and breeding birds to evaluate the role of trophic interactions in shaping large-scale diversity patterns. Specifically, we used non-recursive structural equation mo

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Pershing, Andrew J., Katherine E. Mills, Nicholas R. Record, et al. "Evaluating trophic cascades as drivers of regime shifts in different ocean ecosystems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1659 (2015): 20130265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0265.

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In ecosystems that are strongly structured by predation, reducing top predator abundance can alter several lower trophic levels—a process known as a trophic cascade. A persistent trophic cascade also fits the definition of a regime shift. Such ‘trophic cascade regime shifts' have been reported in a few pelagic marine systems—notably the Black Sea, Baltic Sea and eastern Scotian Shelf—raising the question of how common this phenomenon is in the marine environment. We provide a general methodology for distinguishing top-down and bottom-up effects and apply this methodology to time series from th

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SMITH, WALKER O., and CHRISTIANE LANCELOT. "Bottom-up versus top-down control in phytoplankton of the Southern Ocean." Antarctic Science 16, no. 4 (2004): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002305.

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Oceanic phytoplankton communities are a mixture of various algal functional groups, all of which are of different sizes, have variable physiologies, and interact differently with disparate herbivores. We suggest that polar plankton communities, and specifically the larger phytoplankton of Southern Ocean HNLC (high nutrient, low chlorophyll) systems, are controlled primarily by bottom-up processes, but that smaller (pico- and nanoplankton) reach an equilibrium that is set simultaneously by light, iron and grazing by microzooplankton. Thus Southern Ocean phytoplankton conforms to the “ecumenical

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Daleo, Pedro, Juan Alberti, Carlos Martín Bruschetti, Jesús Pascual, Oscar Iribarne, and Brian R. Silliman. "Physical stress modifies top-down and bottom-up forcing on plant growth and reproduction in a coastal ecosystem." Ecology 96, no. 8 (2015): 2147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-1776.1.

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Terborgh, John W. "Toward a trophic theory of species diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (2015): 11415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501070112.

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Efforts to understand the ecological regulation of species diversity via bottom-up approaches have failed to yield a consensus theory. Theories based on the alternative of top-down regulation have fared better. Paine’s discovery of keystone predation demonstrated that the regulation of diversity via top-down forcing could be simple, strong, and direct, yet ecologists have persistently failed to perceive generality in Paine’s result. Removing top predators destabilizes many systems and drives transitions to radically distinct alternative states. These transitions typically involve community reo

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Quaas, Johannes, Hailing Jia, Chris Smith, et al. "Robust evidence for reversal of the trend in aerosol effective climate forcing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 18 (2022): 12221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12221-2022.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosols exert a cooling influence that offsets part of the greenhouse gas warming. Due to their short tropospheric lifetime of only several days, the aerosol forcing responds quickly to emissions. Here, we present and discuss the evolution of the aerosol forcing since 2000. There are multiple lines of evidence that allow us to robustly conclude that the anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF) – both aerosol–radiation interactions (ERFari) and aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) – has become less negative globally, i.e. the trend in aerosol effective rad

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Jochum, Malte, Florian D. Schneider, Tasman P. Crowe, Ulrich Brose, and Eoin J. O'Gorman. "Climate-induced changes in bottom-up and top-down processes independently alter a marine ecosystem." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1605 (2012): 2962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0237.

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Climate change has complex structural impacts on coastal ecosystems. Global warming is linked to a widespread decline in body size, whereas increased flood frequency can amplify nutrient enrichment through enhanced run-off. Altered population body-size structure represents a disruption in top-down control, whereas eutrophication embodies a change in bottom-up forcing. These processes are typically studied in isolation and little is known about their potential interactive effects. Here, we present the results of an in situ experiment examining the combined effects of top-down and bottom-up forc

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Petersen, Marcell Elo, Marie Maar, Janus Larsen, Eva Friis Møller, and Per Juel Hansen. "Trophic cascades of bottom-up and top-down forcing on nutrients and plankton in the Kattegat, evaluated by modelling." Journal of Marine Systems 169 (May 2017): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.01.006.

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TRITES, ANDREW W., ARTHUR J. MILLER, HERBERT D. G. MASCHNER, et al. "Bottom-up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska: assessing the ocean climate hypothesis." Fisheries Oceanography 16, no. 1 (2007): 46–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00408.x.

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Shurin, Jonathan B., Jessica L. Clasen, Hamish S. Greig, Pavel Kratina, and Patrick L. Thompson. "Warming shifts top-down and bottom-up control of pond food web structure and function." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1605 (2012): 3008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0243.

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The effects of global and local environmental changes are transmitted through networks of interacting organisms to shape the structure of communities and the dynamics of ecosystems. We tested the impact of elevated temperature on the top-down and bottom-up forces structuring experimental freshwater pond food webs in western Canada over 16 months. Experimental warming was crossed with treatments manipulating the presence of planktivorous fish and eutrophication through enhanced nutrient supply. We found that higher temperatures produced top-heavy food webs with lower biomass of benthic and pela

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Giuliano, Elise. "Secessionism from the Bottom Up: Democratization, Nationalism, and Local Accountability in the Russian Transition." World Politics 58, no. 2 (2006): 276–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0025.

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Do ethnic federations undergoing democratization promote or discourage regional secessionism? This article argues, based on evidence from the Russian Federation, that when democratization produces a transfer of political accountability from center to region, the incentives of regional leaders shift, forcing them to react to local constituencies in order to retain office. If these constituencies desire autonomy, regional leaders must respond, making separatism not merely an opportunistic strategy but a necessary one for their own political survival. Democratization, then, can transform administ

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Castelao, Renato, Robert Chant, Scott Glenn, and Oscar Schofield. "The Effects of Tides and Oscillatory Winds on the Subtidal Inner-Shelf Cross-Shelf Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 40, no. 4 (2010): 775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4273.1.

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Abstract A two-dimensional numerical model is used to investigate the effects of tidal forcing and oscillatory winds on the subtidal cross-shelf circulation on the inner shelf. Bottom topography and initial stratification are representative of the South and Middle Atlantic Bights along the U.S. east coast. Results from simulations forced by upwelling winds and no tides are consistent with previous studies of inner-shelf circulation. The inclusion of tidal forcing leads to increased mixing, larger eddy viscosity coefficients, and reduced stratification over the shallow regions, effectively redu

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Thiéblemont, Rémi, and Katja Matthes. "Solar influence on Earth's climate." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (2015): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316003306.

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AbstractUnderstanding the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate requires knowledge of solar variability, solar-terrestrial interactions and observations, as well as mechanisms determining the response of the Earth's climate system. A summary of our current understanding from observational and modeling studies is presented with special focus on the “top-down” stratospheric UV and the “bottom-up” air-sea coupling mechanisms linking solar forcing and natural climate variability.

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Pillet, G., E. V. Ermanyuk, L. R. M. Maas, I. N. Sibgatullin, and T. Dauxois. "Internal wave attractors in three-dimensional geometries: trapping by oblique reflection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 845 (April 20, 2018): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.236.

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We study experimentally the propagation of internal waves in two different three-dimensional (3D) geometries, with a special emphasis on the refractive focusing due to the 3D reflection of obliquely incident internal waves on a slope. Both studies are initiated by ray tracing calculations to determine the appropriate experimental parameters. First, we consider a 3D geometry, the classical set-up to get simple, two-dimensional (2D) parallelogram-shaped attractors in which waves are forced in a direction perpendicular to a sloping bottom. Here, however, the forcing is of reduced extent in the al

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Korshenko, Evgeniya, Irina Panasenkova, and Vladimir Fomin. "The Sea of Azov’s Hydrodynamic Response to Different Atmospheric Forcing Resolutions." Water 16, no. 23 (2024): 3493. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233493.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of the simulated meteorological and hydrodynamic characteristics of the Sea of Azov using the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model and INMOM (Institute of Numerical Mathematics Ocean Model). The goal is to investigate the sea’s response to atmospheric forcing using two different horizontal resolutions. A comparison of the atmospheric simulation results with available meteorological in situ data from the land-based hydrometeorological stations (HMSs) did not reveal any significant differences between the simulations with different atmospheric forc

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Ji, Rubao, Christoph Stegert, and Cabell S. Davis. "Sensitivity of copepod populations to bottom-up and top-down forcing: a modeling study in the Gulf of Maine region." Journal of Plankton Research 35, no. 1 (2012): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbs070.

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Song, Hyo-Jong, and Jong-Yeon Park. "Bottom-Up Drivers for Global Fish Catch Assessed with Reconstructed Ocean Biogeochemistry from an Earth System Model." Climate 9, no. 5 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9050083.

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Identifying bottom-up (e.g., physical and biogeochemical) drivers for fish catch is essential for sustainable fishing and successful adaptation to climate change through reliable prediction of future fisheries. Previous studies have suggested the potential linkage of fish catch to bottom-up drivers such as ocean temperature or satellite-retrieved chlorophyll concentration across different global ecosystems. Robust estimation of bottom-up effects on global fisheries is, however, still challenging due to the lack of long-term observations of fisheries-relevant biotic variables on a global scale.

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Schaeffer, Amandine, Moninya Roughan, and Bradley D. Morris. "Cross-Shelf Dynamics in a Western Boundary Current Regime: Implications for Upwelling." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 5 (2013): 1042–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0177.1.

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Abstract The cross-shelf dynamics up- and downstream of the separation of the South Pacific Ocean’s Western Boundary Current (WBC) are studied using two years of high-resolution velocity and temperature measurements from mooring arrays. The shelf circulation is dominated by the East Australian Current (EAC) and its eddy field, with mean poleward depth-integrated magnitudes on the shelf break of 0.35 and 0.15 m s−1 up- and downstream of the separation point, respectively. The high cross-shelf variability is analyzed though a momentum budget, showing a dominant geostrophic balance at both locati

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Stragauskaitė, Vaiva, Martynas Bučas, and Georg Martin. "Distribution of Charophyte Oospores in the Curonian Lagoon and their Relationship to Environmental Forcing." Water 13, no. 2 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020117.

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Lack of knowledge about distribution of charophyte fructifications and importance of environmental conditions in the Baltic Sea coastal waters fostered us to assess the spatial-temporal patterns of oospore bank in relationship with environmental factors in the Curonian Lagoon (Lithuanian part). We mapped the distribution of oospores in 2017–2019. The importance of environmental factors was determined by the cluster analysis and boosted regression trees. Four oospores species were recorded up to 4 m depth. The highest mean densities (58,000 ind·m−2) of viable fructifications were found along th

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Zhang, Chang Ik, Anne Babcock Hollowed, Jae-Bong Lee, and Do-Hoon Kim. "An IFRAME approach for assessing impacts of climate change on fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 6 (2011): 1318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr073.

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Abstract Zhang, C. I., Hollowed, A. B., Lee, J-B., and Kim, D-H. 2011. An IFRAME approach for assessing impacts of climate change on fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1318–1328. A new assessment framework is proposed for evaluating the performance of management strategies relative to the goals of an ecosystem approach to management (EAM) under different climate change scenarios. Earlier studies have demonstrated how global climate model simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change can be used to force regional ocean circulation models and forecast regional chan

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Stukel, M. R., V. J. Coles, M. T. Brooks, and R. R. Hood. "Top-down, bottom-up and physical controls on diatom-diazotroph assemblage growth in the Amazon River plume." Biogeosciences 11, no. 12 (2014): 3259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3259-2014.

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Abstract. The nutrient-rich waters of the Amazon River plume (ARP) support dense blooms of diatom-diazotroph assemblages (DDAs) that introduce large quantities of new nitrogen to the planktonic ecosystem and, unlike other nitrogen-fixers, are likely to directly fuel vertical carbon flux. To investigate the factors controlling DDA blooms, we develop a five phytoplankton (cyanobacteria, diatoms, unicellular microbial diazotrophs, DDAs, and Trichodesmium), two zooplankton model and embed it within a 1/6° resolution physical model of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. The model generates reali

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Stukel, M. R., V. J. Coles, M. T. Brooks, and R. R. Hood. "Top-down, bottom-up and physical controls on diatom-diazotroph assemblage growth in the Amazon River Plume." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 13931–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-13931-2013.

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Abstract. The nutrient-rich waters of the Amazon River Plume (ARP) support dense blooms of diatom-diazotroph assemblages (DDA) that introduce large quantities of new nitrogen to the planktonic ecosystem and, unlike other nitrogen-fixers, are likely to directly fuel vertical carbon flux. To investigate the factors controlling DDA blooms, we develop a five phytoplankton (cyanobacteria, diatoms, unicellular microbial diazotrophs, DDA, and Trichodesmium), two zooplankton model and embed it within a 1/6° resolution physical model of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic. The model generates realist

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