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1
Grenier-Torres, Chrystelle. "Situations de vie et itinéraires génésiques dans un contexte de pandémie de SIDA à Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire)." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21071.
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En Afrique subsaharienne, beaucoup de femmes opèrent ou tentent d'opérer un travail de renégociation de leur position sociale à un moment où, sur un plan plus large que celui des existences individuelles, se manifeste une forte dynamique de changement social, de recomposition du rapport homme-femme, de modification de structures sociales. À travers une étude menée à Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire), on observe qu'en particulier dans leur vie sexuelle et génésique, les femmes construisent leur itinéraire génésique au sein de situations de vie différente, résultat plus ou moins affirmé, cohérent, efficace de la femme sur les conditions matérielles et immatérielles de son existence. Elles disposent alors d'un degré d'autonomie divers en matière de contrôle de leur capacité reproductive. Mais qu'en est-il des femmes infectées par le VIH ? Au vu des modèles sociaux et culturels présents dans la société ivoirienne, les femmes posent l'enfantement comme essentiel. Mais un des points communs, présent chez toutes les femmes infectées par le VIH, est la plus grande intensité du désir d'enfant qu'elles manifestent. Cependant toutes n'ont pas la même situation de vie qui délimite une plus ou moins grande capacité de la femme à imprimer sa marque dans la conduite de son existence en général, et en particulier dans la construction de son itinéraire génésique. Cela a des répercussions sur la façon dont les femmes atteintes vivent leur infection, et spécialement dans leur rapport à la procréationIn sub-saharan African, many women are renegotiating or trying to renegotiate their social position when, on a larger scale then the one about individual lives, an important dynamic of social change, of recombining the relationships between men and women, of alteration of social structures is occurring. Through a field study carried out in Bouaké (Ivory Coast), we can see that women, especially in their sexual and itinerary linked to procreating lives, build their itinerary linked to procreation within different life situations, which are the more or less stated, coherent and efficient results that women have on their material and immaterial existence. They then dispose of a variable degree of autonomy concerning their reproductive capacity. But what about theses women infected by HIV ? In sight of the social and cultural patterns present within the ivorian society, women consider giving birth as essential. But one of the common denominators of all infected women is their manifestation with great strength of a desire to have children. However, all of them do not have the same life situations which define a more or less great capacity of the women to stamp her mark on the management of her general existence, and particularly on the building of her itinerary linked to procreation. This has impacts on the way infected women live their relationships to procreation
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Diabagate, Souleymane. "La gestion des ordures ménagères dans la ville de Bouaké et les inégalités socio spatiales et environnementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080155.
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Le problème des déchets ménagers solides constitue une préoccupation quotidienne des ménages et des autorités municipales. La situation est plus alarmante dans les pays en développement en raison de la faiblesse des moyens financiers consacrés à l’enlèvement des ordures et aux stratégies inadaptées. En effet, faisant face à des difficultés économiques de taille, les gestionnaires sont obligés de procéder à une hiérarchisation dans le choix des investissements sociaux et la priorité n’est pas toujours accordée à la gestion des déchets. Les moyens utilisés jusqu’ici pour faire face aux problèmes engendrés par les déchets sont d’ordres financiers et techniques. La ville de Bouaké en est un exemple type.Située au centre de la Côte d'ivoire, la commune de Bouaké est la seconde ville du pays. Elle se trouve au carrefour des grands axes routiers et ferroviaires et à la lisière de deux zones à économie complémentaire. La situation géographique de la ville de Bouaké fait également d’elle un lieu privilégié d'échanges. Ces deux facteurs ont constitué des atouts importants attirant ainsi les populations notamment des pays frontaliers et permettant le développement du secteur privé. La cité de Bouaké marquée par une urbanisation rapide, est passée d’une population de 60 000 habitants à la date de l’indépendance en 1960 à 536 186 habitants selon le recensement de 2014. Dans les années 1970, d’importantes modifications spatiales sont observées et à partir des années 1980, la configuration actuelle est en place. La tache urbaine couvre aujourd’hui 11 000ha. L’augmentation rapide de la population couplée aux activités économiques est à l’origine de la prolifération des déchets ménagers dans la ville de Bouaké. L’accumulation des ordures ménagères est liée à une politique de gestion inadaptée, à l'ampleur d’une croissance urbaine mal maîtrisée et mal accompagnée par les schémas d’urbanismes successifs et aux problèmes politiques connus par le pays. Les populations les plus fragilisées subissent des conditions de vie difficiles dans un environnement de plus en plus dégradé. Malgré les plans d’urgences initiés par le gouvernement suite à l’accumulation des dépôts sauvages dans les villes ivoiriennes, le problème des ordures ménagères reste entier à Bouaké. Plusieurs zones de la ville ne sont pas couvertes par les services de ramassage des ordures ménagères. L’inaccessibilité de certaines parties de la ville et le manque de synergie des actions des acteurs territoriaux sont ainsi mises en cause. L’étude de la gestion des déchets ménagers dans la ville est une approche visant à établir un diagnostic à différentes échelles de ce processus. La problématique de l’environnement urbain de Bouaké est au centre de cette recherche qui se focalise plus sur les inégalités socio-spatiales éclairées par la gestion des ordures ménagères. Nos hypothèses se fondent sur une relation entre une inégalité : socio-spatiale et des problèmes environnementaux exacerbés par un déficit de politiques d’aménagement urbain. L’analyse plus particulière de la gestion des déchets ménagers est considérée pour mettre en évidence ce lien. L’ensemble de ce travail participe à la problématique générale de l’émergence d’une ville durableThe problem of solid household waste is a daily concern of household and municipal authorities. The situation is more alarming in developing countries because of the weakness of the financial resources dedicated to the removal of garbage and inappropriate strategies. Indeed, facing significant economic challenges, managers are forced to make a hierarchy in the choice of social investment and the priority is always given to the waste management. The means used so far to deal with the problems caused by the waste are financial and technical. A typical example is the city of Bouaké.Located in the centre of Ivory Coast, the town of Bouaké is the second city of the country. It is located at the intersection of the main road and rail lines and at the edge of two complementary economy areas. Location of the town of Bouaké also made her a privileged exchanges. These two factors have been important assets attracting people especially the border countries and allowing the development of the private sector. The city of Bouaké marked by rapid urbanization, went from a population of 60,000 inhabitants date independence in 1960 to 536 186 inhabitants according to the Census of 2014. In the 1970s, significant spatial changes are observed and the 1980s, the current configuration is in place. The urban task now covers 11 000 ha. The rapid increase of the population coupled with economic activities is responsible for the proliferation of household waste in the city of Bouaké. The accumulation of garbage is linked to a policy of inappropriate management, scale of urban growth poorly controlled and badly accompanied by patterns of successive urban planning and political problems known by the country. The most vulnerable populations face difficult living conditions in an increasingly degraded environment. Despite the emergency plans initiated by the Government as a result of the accumulation of the dumps in Ivorian cities, the problem of the garbage remains in Bouaké. Several areas of the city not covered by the garbage collection services. The inaccessibility of some parts of the city and the lack of synergy between the actions of the territorial actors are thus being questioned.The study of the management of household waste in the city is an approach to establish a diagnosis at different scales of this process. The problem of the urban environment of Bouaké is at the center of this research that focuses more on spatial inequality informed by the management of garbage. Our assumptions are based on a relationship between inequality: spatial and environmental problems exacerbated by a lack of urban planning policies. More specific analysis of the management of household waste is considered to highlight this link. All of this work participates in the general problem of the emergence of a sustainable city
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Pelletier, Sara Jeanne. "La prophylaxie préexposition (PrEP) pour la prévention du VIH chez les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d'autres hommes (HARSAH) à Bouaké, en Côte d'Ivoire : évaluation qualitative de l'acceptabilité et de la faisabilité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34582.
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Le VIH demeure une problématique de santé publique importante partout dans le monde. En Côte d’Ivoire, les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes (HARSAH) ont un fardeau disproportionné de VIH. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué l’acceptabilité et la faisabilité de la prophylaxie préexposition (PrEP), une méthode de prévention contre le VIH, chez les HARSAH de Bouaké, en Côte d’Ivoire. Nous avons conduit quatre groupes de discussion avec 31 HARSAH séronégatifs, huit entrevues individuelles approfondies avec des participants des groupes de discussion et cinq entrevues avec des informateurs-clés. Les données ont été interprétées à l’aide d’une analyse thématique de contenu. Seulement quatre HARSAH (13 %) connaissaient la PrEP avant l’étude. Tous les participants étaient intéressés à utiliser la PrEP : 61.3% préféreraient le régime quotidien et 38.7% le régime sur demande. Plusieurs avantages de la PrEP ont été mentionnés : la protection lors d’un bris du condom, la protection lors de comportements sexuels à risque, l’autonomie, la diminution de la peur du VIH, l’augmentation de la confiance en son partenaire et la facilité d’utilisation. Les barrières à l’utilisation de la PrEP qui ont été nommées incluent : l’absence de protection contre les autres infections transmises sexuellement (ITS), prendre un comprimé régulièrement, la taille du comprimé, les effets secondaires, le coût et l’accessibilité. Six participants (19.3 %) ont admis qu’ils utiliseraient moins les condoms s’ils utilisaient la PrEP. Nos résultats montrent que la PrEP est hautement acceptable chez les HARSAH de Bouaké. Son implantation devrait être faite rapidement et la PrEP devrait être une composante d’un programme de prévention incluant du counseling, un dépistage des ITS et la promotion des pratiques sexuelles sécuritaires. Les autorités de Côte d’Ivoire devraient considérer la PrEP pour tous les groupes à risque afin d’éviter d’accentuer la stigmatisation en ne ciblant que les HARSAH.HIV remains an important public health issue throughout the world. In Côte d’Ivoire, a high burden of HIV is observed in men who have sex with men (MSM). In this study, we assessed the acceptability and feasibility of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an efficient prevention method against HIV, among MSM in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. We conducted four focus groups with 31 HIV-negative MSM, eight indepth individual interviews with participants recruited from the focus groups and five interviews with key informants. Data were interpreted with a thematic analysis method. Only four MSM (13%) were aware of PrEP before participating in the study. All participants were interested in taking PrEP if available: 19 (61.3%) would prefer the daily regimen and 12 (38.7%) would opt for the on-demand regimen. Many advantages of PrEP were mentioned, such as: protection in case of condom breakage, protection in case of high-risk sexual behaviour, self-reliance, decreasing HIV fear, increasing trust in partner and ease of use. Barriers to the use of PrEP included: it does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) which implies that condom use is still necessary, having to take a pill regularly, the size of the pill, possibility of side effects and long-term effects, the cost and the accessibility. Six participants (19.3 %) admitted that they would stop using condoms or would use them less if they take PrEP. Findings indicate that PrEP is highly acceptable within the MSM community. Implementation should be done rapidly, and PrEP should be part of a global prevention program which includes counselling, regular STI screening and promotion of safe sex practices, including condom promotion. Health authorities should consider PrEP for all high-risk groups to avoid worsening stigmatization by targeting MSM only.
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Le, Blanc Marie Nathalie. "Youth, Islam and changing identities in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317804/.
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This Ph.D. thesis is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out amongst Muslims of Malian origin in Bouaké, Côte d'lvoire, between February 1993 and June 1995. The dissertation is concerned with the description of processes of identification in the context of urban life and international migration within West Africa. The investigation focused on these processes as they unfold in Islamic youth associations, female place-of-origin associations, madrasas (Islamic schools), and compound life. Marriage practices, the sociohistorical construction of age groups and gender, and the negotiation of differing worldviews are central to the analysis. In the thesis I argue that in the contemporary sociopolitical scene in Côte d'lvoire, Muslims of Malian origin identify with two ensembles of ethnic labels: the Dioula label and several identity labels tied to places of origin in Mali. However, for a number of young men and women, Islam, rather than ethnicity, plays a central role in their self-identity and their sense of belonging. This argument requires an examination of the respective influences of the life course and of patterns of social change in these processes of identification. In order to support this argument, I describe the politics of identity in Côte d'lvoire in the post-Houphouët-Boigny period, elements of social change over the past thirty years affecting Islamic institutions and the educational trajectories of young men and women, and the logic of marriage practices in an urban setting marked by ethnic heterogeneity. The empirical chapters of the thesis analyse versions of Islam produced within Islamic youth associations and the negotiation of conflicting worldviews in the life trajectories of Muslim women.
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Briand, Virginie. "Vulnérabilité et insécurité alimentaire : le cas des unités domestiques à Bouaké." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100021.
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A travers l'exemple des unités domestiques de Bouaké, cette thèse se donne pour objectif d'analyser les déterminants de l'insécurité alimentaire. Partant du cadre théorique défini par Sen en terme de "droits" et de "capabilités", elle souligne la nécessité de prendre en compte la dynamique temporelle de l'insécurité alimentaire via le concept de vulnérabilité. Le degré d'exposition et de réceptivité des ménages est fonction des interactions entre leur environnement économique et social et leur comportement. L'analyse de la vulnérabilité implique de comprendre les facteurs à l'origine de ces interactions. C'est ce que vise cette thèse. L'insécurité alimentaire ds ménages est appréhendée grâce à un indicateur composite prenant en compte la double dimension objective et subjective de l'insécurité alimentaire. Le consommation des ménages est fonction de leur pouvoir d'achat. Cette thèse montre qu'une analyse en terme de revenu ne permet pas d'expliquer la multidimensionnalité de la vulnérabilité alimentaire. Aux prises avec des contraintes multiples, avec les instabilités des prix et de leurs revenus, les unités domestiques peuvent ne pas utiliser l'augmentation de leur revenu pour améliorer leur accès aux ressources alimentaires. Afin d'expliquer leur comportement cette thèse examine le rôle de leur structure organisationnelle, celui des réseaux communautaires d'appartenance et d'adhésion, les conditions temporelles de la prise de décision (préalable à l'action) ainsi que l'impact des savoirs des unités domestiques sur leurs capacités à accéder régulièrement et de façon continue aux denrées alimentairesThrough the example of the domestic units of Bouake, this thesis aims to analyze the determinants of food insecurity. Starting from the theoretical frame defined by Sen in terms of "rights" and capabilities, it underlines the necessity to take into account the temporal dynamic of food insecurity through the concept of vulnerability. The households degree of exposure and their receptivity are the result of the interactions between their social and economic environment and their behaviour. The vulnerability analyzis implies consequently to understand the factors which are behind those interactions. That is the purpose of this work. The household food insecurity is assessed by a composite indicator taking into account the double dimension, objective and subjective, of food insecurity. The household consumption is a function of their purchasing power. Nevertheless, this thesis shows that an analyzis in terms of income does not help to explain the multidimensional characteristic of food insecurity. Wrestling with multiple constraints, with the instabilities of the prices and of their revenues, the domestic units may not use the increase of their income to improve their access to food resources. In order to explain their behaviour this thesis examines the role of their organizational structure, the one of the community networks, the temporal conditions of the making process, prior to action, as well as the impact of their knowledge on their capabilities to access regularly and continuously to foostuffs
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Poggere, Paulo Roberto. "Avaliação do desempenho produtivo e rendimento de filé de três linhagens de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus): Supreme, Chitralada e Bouaké." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1598.
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The present study had as objective evaluates the performance, chemical composition, morphometrics reasons and yield of the fillet of three tilápia lineages: Supreme (SUP), Chitralada (CHIT) and Bouaké (BOU). The used experimental design was randomized entirely, composed by 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. 18 concrete tanks were used, where 30 fingerlings were stocked, with medium initial weight of 2,03 ± 0,25 g, 1,65 ± 0,06 g and 1,57 ± 0,11 g for SUP, CHIT and BOU respectively, totaling 540 fingerlings, being 180 fingerlings for each lineage. The fish were fed 3 times a day, with commercial diet of the type crumbed with 42% of CP for the alevinagem phase, and extruded with the levels of 36% CP for the growth phase and 32% CP for the fattening phase. The amount of diet was adjusted through the medium weight and temperature of the water. The biometry were accomplished biweekly, being captured 30% of the copies of each tank. The zootechnical indexes and the length data along the time were appraised through ANCOVA. The filet income was evaluated through ANOVA. Already the morphometrics reasons, were analyzed starting from MANOVA. For the zootechnical indexes, there were significant effects of the lineages on the Tax of Growth (TG), Earnings of Biomass (EB) and Final (FW) Weight. For TG and FW, CHIT differed significantly of the other ones, presenting largest TG and FW (2,543 g/day and 307 g), while SUP and BOU didn't differ significantly amongst themselves. In EB, CHIT and SUP they presented the best result (7.207,40 and 6.898,15 g, respectively), differing significantly of BOU. With relationship the morphometrics reasons, there was significant difference among the lineages. Already in the yield of the fillet without skin (YF), there were not significant effects among the lineages. The chemical composition of the fillet presented significant differences for ethereal (EE) extract and crude protein (CP) protein. For EE, the three lineages differed statistically amongst themselves, and BOU presented the largest value with 1,42%, following by SUP and CHIT. For CP, SUP (20,79%) and BOU (20,73%) they only differed of CHIT. For the growth in length, CHIT presented the largest value of L¥, with 27,39 cm, following by SUP (27,16 cm) and BOU (26,67 cm). Regarding the value of k (growth tax in length), SUP presented the largest value (0,4456), following by CHIT with 0,4349 and BOU (0,4141). In the growth in weight, CHIT obtained the largest value for W¥ with 534,15 g, following by SUP with 516,20 g and BOU 454,76 g. However, SUP was superior in the coefficient of growth alométrico (q) with 3,2442, being respectively the values of 3,2206 and 3,1773 for CHIT and BOU. It was verified that CHIT obtained the best results for TG, FW, EB and tenor of EE in the filet in comparison with SUP and BOU, besides presenting morphometrics reasons that provide a rounder format of his body being the lineage more adapted for cultivation in those imposed conditions and weight strip
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo, composição química, razões morfométricas e rendimento do filé de três linhagens de tilápia: Supreme (SUP), Chitralada (CHIT) e Bouaké (BOU). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, composto por três tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram utilizados 18 tanques de concreto, onde foram estocados 30 alevinos, com peso inicial médio de 2,03 ± 0,25 g, 1,65 ± 0,06 g e 1,57 ± 0,11 g para SUP, CHIT e BOU respectivamente, totalizando 540 alevinos, sendo 180 alevinos para cada linhagem. Os peixes foram alimentados três vezes ao dia, com ração comercial do tipo farelada com 42% de PB para a fase de alevinagem, e extrusada com os níveis de 36% PB para a fase de crescimento e 32% PB para a fase de engorda. A quantidade de ração foi ajustada através do peso médio e temperatura da água. As biometrias foram realizadas quinzenalmente, sendo capturados 30% dos exemplares de cada tanque. Os índices zootécnicos e os dados de comprimento ao longo do tempo foram avaliados através da ANCOVA, o rendimento de filé foi avaliado através da ANOVA e as razões morfométricas, foram analisadas a partir de MANOVA. Para os índices zootécnicos, houveram efeitos significativos das linhagens sobre a Taxa de Crescimento (TC), Ganho em Biomassa (GB) e Peso Final (PF). Para a TC e PF, a CHIT diferiu significativamente das outras, apresentando a maior TC e PF (2,543 g/dia e 307 g), enquanto a SUP e BOU não diferiram significativamente entre si. No GB, a CHIT e SUP apresentaram o melhor resultado (7.207,40 e 6.898,15 g, respectivamente), diferindo significativamente da BOU. Com relação as razões morfométricas, houve diferença significativa entre as linhagens. Já no rendimento de filé sem pele (RF), não houveram efeitos significativos entre as linhagens. A composição química do filé apresentou diferenças significativas para extrato etéreo (EE) e proteína bruta (PB). Para o EE, as três linhagens diferiram estatisticamente entre si, sendo que a BOU apresentou o maior valor com 1,42%, seguida da SUP e CHIT. Para PB, a SUP (20,79%) e BOU (20,73%) somente diferiram da CHIT. Para o crescimento em comprimento, a CHIT apresentou o maior valor de L¥, com 27,39 cm, seguida da SUP (27,16 cm) e BOU (26,67 cm). Com relação ao valor de k (taxa de crescimento em comprimento), a SUP apresentou o maior valor (0,4456), seguida da CHIT com 0,4349 e BOU (0,4141). No crescimento em peso, a CHIT obteve o maior valor para W¥ com 534,15 g, seguida da SUP com 516,20 g e BOU 454,76 g. Entretanto, a SUP foi superior no coeficiente de crescimento alométrico (q) com 3,2442, sendo os valores de 3,2206 e 3,1773 para CHIT e BOU respectivamente. Verificou-se que CHIT obteve os melhores resultados para TC, PF, GB e teor de EE no filé em comparação SUP e BOU; além de apresentar razões morfométricas que proporcionam um formato mais arredondado do seu corpo, sendo a linhagem mais adaptada para cultivo nessas condições impostas e faixa de peso
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Touré, Gnénékita. "Déterminants socio-économiques, performances zootechniques et contraintes sanitaires en élevage péri-urbain en Côte d’Ivoire : cas de l’élevage ovin à Bouaké." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARB184.
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En Côte d’Ivoire, l’urbanisation galopante et le chômage ont favorisé la naissance dans les zones périurbaines diverses activités informelles dont l’élevage ovin. L’objectif principal de cette étude dans la commune de Bouaké a été de caractériser l’environnement socio-économique des propriétaires des moutons et de déterminer les paramètres zootechniques et sanitaires des animaux tout en identifiant les contraintes majeures à son développement. Partagé par toutes les couches socio-professionnelles dans la commune de Bouaké, l’élevage ovin y demeure une activité traditionnelle et secondaire à faible productivité. En dehors de son intérêt éconmique négligeable, il joue un rôle socioculturel, économique et environnemental deguerre dans la commune de Bouaké, il reste une activité informelle avec laquelle la population va encore longtemps composer même si la croissance de la ville la rend instable dans l’espace. Il va ainsi devenir plus viable avec l’adhésion de plus d’urbains qu’auparavantIn Côte d’Ivoire, gallop urbanizationan unemployment led to the initiation in peri-urban areas various informal activities including sheep breeding. The main objective of this study in the commune of Bouake was to characterize the socio-economic environment of the owners of the sheep and to determine the zootechnical animal health parameters of animals while identifying major constraints to its development. Shared by all socio-professionallayers in the comme of Bouake, the sheep bredding remains an activity traditional and secondary with low productivity. A part from its negligible economic interest, it plays an important socio-cultural part with its corollary of food safety out of animal proteins. In the sociocultural, economic and environmental context of war in the commune of Bouake, it remains an informal activity with which the population still a long time will compose even if the growth of the city make it unstable in space. It, thus, will become more viable with the accession of mure urban than before
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Lootvoet, Benoît. "Contribution de l'artisanat et du petit commerce à l'économie ivoirienne : éléments pour une analyse à partir de l'étude de quatre villes de l'intérieur : Agboville, Bouaké, Dimbokro, Katiola." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF1A002.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Gloria Steinem, Josephine Baker, Margaret Bourke-White." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://www.amzn.com/0313317844.
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Book Summary: Treating the cultural giants of the 20th century, this volume traces their reading habits and intellectual development, as well as their contributions to Western culture. Suggesting the literary influences on these figures, the book includes 355 entries on people from a broad range of fields, including scientists, politicians, business figures, writers, religious leaders, and figures from the performing arts and popular culture. The volume is a handy companion to Powell's earlier volume, Biographical Dictionary of Literary Influences: The Nineteenth Century, 1800-1914. Reflecting non-Western influences on Western culture, the volume includes such Asian and African figures as Mohandas Gandhi and Wole Soyinka, while also covering the significant Western figures. As the volume recognizes, forms of cultural influence evolved in the 20th century to include more aural and visual influences. Yet the volume still reveals fascinating literary influences throughout the century.
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Schuringa, H. David. "The preaching of the word as a means of grace the views of Herman Hoeksema and R.B. Kuiper /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
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Vincent, Cédric. "Frédéric Bruly Bouabré : un prophète africain dans l'art contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0460.
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L'Ivoirien Frédéric Bruly Bouabré est sans aucun doute l'un des artistes contemporains les plus emblématiques apparus sur la scène internationale ces vingt dernières années. Il est aussi l'un des plus controversés en raison des circonstances imprévues qui l'ont amené à passer du statut de prophète raté à celui d'artiste accompli. Mais, trop souvent présenté hors de tout contexte proprement historique ou biographique, il est en conséquence perçu comme jloiment naïf. Ainsi son oeuvre se trouve valorisée, ou discréditée, moins pour sa complexité, voire ses contradictions internes, que pour une simplicité que la critique lui a peu ou prou inventée. Expliquer pourquoi et comment il est devenu un référent artistique est le principal sujet de cette étude, en faisant prévaloir des situations de coproduction et de traduction sur celles de l'artiste inventé ou de l'ariste par vocation, et ainsi établir une relation d'ordre dialectique entre prophète et artiste. Cette description nous conduit à circuler dans différents cadres: dans l'histoire du prophétisme ouest-africain, des savoirs africanistes et de l'histoire coloniale, des bouleversements récents de l'espace artistique. Bouabré est un point d'observation essentiel pour saisir les tensions et les résistances qui travaillent l'art contemporain et sa relation aux artistes issus de ses zones d'ombre. Notamment, il permet l'émergence d'une catégorie d'art contemporain africain, non pas comme une catégorie simplement chronologique ou temporelle, mais comme une catégorie esthétique, critique et normativeFrédéric Bruly Bouabré (Côte d'Ivoire) is one of the most emblematic figures to have emerged on the international arts scene over the past twenty years. He is also one of the scene's more controversial figures, due to a set of unpredictable circumstances that saw him move from the status of failed prophet to that of accomplished artist. Discussions of his work commonly lack a serious historical or biographical grounding, resulting in a picture of him as a sweetly naïve character. As a result, his oeuvre is hailed by some and discredited by others less for its inherent complexity or internat contradictions than on the grounds of a wholly invented simplicity. The study aims to explain why and how Bouabré has emerged as a point of reference. To do so, it privileges notions of co-production and translation over ideas of the artist as a self-taught individual driven by vocation alone. In the process, it posits a dialectical relationship between Bouabré's dual identities as prophet and artist. Close attention to how he has been shaped by interactions with others and to howthese interactions have played out over time draws attention to the dynamics of his prophetism. This, in turn, highlights a key aspect of his identity that has tended to be down. Bouabré constitutes a node, a key focus, to understand the spaces of tension and resistance that thicken the realm of contemporary art and complexify the relations it entertains with artists hailing from its shadowlands. Notably, it allows us to think through the emergence of contemporary African art not as a simply chronological or temporal category, but also, and more importantly,as an aesthetic, critical and normative category
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Benoît, Norbert. "Noble homme de Bretagne et commissaire civil de Sa Majesté britannique : Louis-François Boullé (1751-1817) d'après le "fonds Boullé" et autres documents." Paris, Inalco, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INAL0010.
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Caldwell, Jay E. "Erskine Caldwell, Margaret Bourke-White, and the Popular Front (Moscow 1941)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316913.
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Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-White traveled to the U.S.S.R. in 1941 on their and their editor's hunch that something newsworthy was in the offing. The couple went in part to add to their library of phototext books (three had been published since 1936), but more to advance the agenda of the anti-Fascist, anti-isolationist Leftist Popular Front, whose goals coincided with those of the Roosevelt administration. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, they immediately immersed themselves in the enterprise of bringing war news to the American listening and reading public. Through the portals of CBS radio, Life magazine, PM newspaper, and other journalistic outlets, and despite stultifying censorship, they made it clear that the Red Army was a formidable anti-Hitler force that wanted only financial and material assistance from the U.S., and that the Russian people, steeped in patriotism and family values not very different from American ideals, were worthy allies. Stalin, they hinted, was a well-intentioned and well-organized autocrat, but nothing worse. Upon returning to the United States, Bourke-White traveled extensively to promote a Russian-American alliance, and published a photo-chronicle of their Russian trip, Shooting the Russian War. Caldwell published two very different books, All-Out on the Road to Smolensk and All Night Long, that also advocated this coalition. I argue that Caldwell composed Smolensk as a heroic quest to report on the war firsthand, while All Night Long, a popular and sensational story about Russian guerillas, bears all the characteristics of a Socialist Realist novel touting the Soviet cause. Both books were successful in endorsing Soviet objectives in the West. Their individual and collaborative literary products have been largely forgotten, but Bourke-White's photographs continue to inform our memory of that war.
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Buchannan, Sam Faculty of Science UNSW. "Salinity hazard mapping and risk assessment in the Bourke irrigation district." Publisher:University of New South Wales, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41451.
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At no point in history have we demanded so much from our agricultural land whilst simultaneously leaving so little room for management error. Of the many possible environmental impacts from agriculture, soil and water salinisation has some of the most long-lived and deleterious effects. Despite its importance, however, land managers are often unable to make informed decisions of how to manage the risk of salinisation due to a lack of data. Furthermore, there remains no universally agreed method for salinity risk mapping. This thesis addresses these issues by investigating new methods for producing high-resolution predictions of soil salinity, soil physical properties and groundwater depth using a variety of traditional and emerging ancillary data sources. The results show that the methodologies produce accurate predictions yielding natural resource information at a scale and resolution not previously possible. Further to this, a new methodology using fuzzy logic is developed that exploits this information to produce high-resolution salinity risk maps designed to aid both agricultural and natural resource management decisions. The methodology developed represents a new and effective way of presenting salinity risk and has numerous advantages over conventional risk models. The incorporation of fuzzy logic provides a meaningful continuum of salinity risk and allows for the incorporation of uncertainty. The method also allows salinity risk to be calculated relative to any vegetation community and shows where the risk is coming from (root-zone or groundwater) allowing more appropriate management decisions to be made. The development of this methodology takes us a step closer to closing what some have called our greatest gap in agricultural knowledge. That is, our ability to manage the salinity risk at the subcatchment scale.
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Barbosa, Larissa Beatrice Granciero. "Compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante em abóboras-gila (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.11.D.19690.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2015.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-02-16T15:05:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LarissaBeatriceGrancieroBarbosa.pdf: 550864 bytes, checksum: 49a156092cf814dc093f4092daaff48b (MD5)
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A Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, conhecida no Brasil como abóbora-gila, possui compostos bioativos como o D-chiro inositol e fibras, e vem sendo estudada por sua atividade anti-hiperglicemiante em modelos humanos e animais. Este estudo teve por objetivo a prospecção e a quantificação de compostos bioativos presentes na abóbora-gila (casca, polpa e sementes), comparando-os em seus diferentes estádios de maturação. Foram quantificados os compostos bioativos, fenólicos totais, carotenoides totais e açúcares solúveis totais, e a capacidade antioxidante in vitro, utilizando o método de captura de radicais DPPH. Foi observado alto teor de compostos fenólicos na polpa e na casca do fruto aos 80 DAA (dias após a antese), de 40,7 e 39,5 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. Nas sementes, os fenólicos encontraram-se mais concentrados aos 40 DAA (33,9 mg 100 g-1). A polpa e a casca da abóbora madura apresentaram melhor capacidade antioxidante (47,9 e 32,8%, respectivamente) e menores valores de concentração eficiente CE50 (5,18 e 9,98 μg mL-1, respectivamente). As sementes apresentaram maior capacidade antioxidante aos 40 DAA (CE50: 8,2 μg mL-1 e %CA: 38,1%). Foi observada uma baixa quantidade de carotenoides no fruto; entretanto, houve aumento do teor de carotenoides totais na casca, polpa e nas sementes aos 80 DAA, de 0,0275; 0,0111 e 0,0075 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. O teor de açúcares solúveis totais foi maior na polpa madura (106,6 mg 100 g-1); a casca e as sementes maduras apresentaram quantidades de 95,1 e 95,4 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. A abóbora-gila apresentou quantidades significativas de fenólicos e alta capacidade antioxidante, indispensáveis em uma dieta saudável.
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché or abóbora-gila in Brazil, has been studied for its anti-hyperglycaemic activity in humans and animal models since it has bioactive compounds, such as D-chiro inositol and fibers. This study aimed the prospection and quantification of bioactive compounds in this fruit (peel, pulp and seed) at different stages of maturity. Bioactive compounds, phenolics, total carotenoids and total soluble sugars were quantified, and the antioxidant capacity in vitro, using the capture method of DPPH radicals. High content of phenolic compounds was observed in the flesh and skin of the fruit at 80 DAA (days after anthesis), of 40.7 and 39.5 mg 100 g-1, respectively. In the seeds, phenols were most concentrated at 40 DAA (33.9 mg 100 g-1). The flesh and skin had higher antioxidant activity (47.9 and 32.8%, respectively) and lower CE50 values (5.18 and 9.98 ug ml-1, respectively). Seeds had the highest antioxidant activity at 40 DAA (CE50: 8.2 μg mL-1 e %CA: 38.1%). Low amount of carotenoids was observed in the fruit; however, there was an increase in total carotenoids content in the skin, flesh and seed at 80 DAA, of 0.0275; 0.0111 and 0.0075 g 100 mg-1, respectively. The highest total sugar content was found in the ripe flesh (106.6 mg 100 g-1); the ripe skin and seed exhibited amounts of 95.1 and 95.4 mg 100 g-1, respectively. Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché showed noteworthy amounts of phenolic and high antioxidant activity, which are essential in a healthy diet.
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Ferreira, Talita. "Biomarcadores enzimáticos e ecotoxicidade por cobre em Eisenia andrei (Bouché 1972)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5614.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe indiscriminate use of agricultural supplies can cause soil pollution, affecting the flora, fauna and ecological relationships. Among these chemical compounds used in agriculture, there is the Bordeaux mixture. The intense use of this fungicide results in a considerable copper addition in the soil, may cause damage to exposed organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of different copper doses, (0, 35, 70, 105, 140 e 175 mg.Kg-1) applied in soil, at earthworms Eisenia andrei biomass and reproduction, through ecotoxicological tests as well as the effects of exposure to antioxidant enzyme activity, by the enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST and CAT), on neurotransmission biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cell membrane lipid peroxidation through the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). The ecotoxicological results showed that the largest copper doses tested, (140 e 175 mg.Kg-1) were toxic, because the worms had a mean biomass reduction and cocoons. In the enzyme assessments, an increase in the glutathione-S-transferase activity was observed as the antioxidant defense mechanism. The significant MDA levels increase and the acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition, indicating the cell membrane lipid peroxidation occurrence and neurotransmission changes as a result of oxidative stress caused by the metal.
O uso indiscriminado de insumos agrícolas pode causar a poluição dos solos, comprometendo a flora, fauna e as relações ecológicas. Dentre os insumos químicos utilizados na agricultura, destaca-se a calda bordalesa. Sua intensa utilização resulta em uma adição considerável de cobre ao solo, podendo causar danos aos organismos expostos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar os efeitos toxicológicos de diferentes doses de cobre: 0, 35, 70, 105, 140 e 175 mg.Kg-1 aplicado ao solo, na biomassa e reprodução das minhocas Eisenia andrei, através dos testes ecotoxicológicos assim como os efeitos da exposição a nível enzimático antioxidante, através das enzimas catalase e glutationa S-transferase (CAT e GST), sobre biomarcadores de neurotransmissão como a acetil-colinesterase (AChE) e na peroxidação lipídica da membrana celular através dos níveis de malondialdeído (MDA). Os resultados ecotoxicológicos, evidenciaram que as maiores doses de cobre testadas, (140 e 175 mg.Kg-1) foram tóxicas, pois as minhocas apresentaram redução média na biomassa e no número de casulos. Em relação aos níveis enzimáticos, foi observado um incremento na atividade das enzimas glutationa-S-transferase, como mecanismo de defesa antioxidante. O aumento significativo nos níveis de MDA observados e a inibição da atividade da acetil-colinesterase, indicam a ocorrência da peroxidação lipídica da membrana celular e alterações na neurotransmissão em decorrência do estresse oxidativo ocasionado pela presença do metal.
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Cochran, Sharayah. "An Impossible Alternative: Orientalism and Margaret Bourke-White's "A Moneylender's House" (1947)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3760.
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Between 1946 and 1948, American photographer Margaret Bourke-White traveled to India while on assignments for Life magazine. Since the late 1940s, a photograph from these assignments that depicts three men sitting in an ornately decorated room has appeared in several publications and exhibitions under variations of the title A Moneylender’s House (1947). Though Bourke-White is traditionally categorized as a documentary photojournalist, her photograph exhibits motifs similar to those seen in European Orientalist paintings from the nineteenth century. Considering recent scholarship that has expanded the temporal and geographical parameters of the Orientalist photography genre, this thesis analyzes the “documentary” photograph, A Moneylender’s House, in its varied exhibition and publication contexts to determine whether they present the photographic subjects from a “nonrepressive and nonmanipulative perspective” (one that Edward Said suggests might provide an “alternative” to Orientalism), or reinforce the “Self/Other” binary at the core of Orientalism.
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Barreto, Alice Maria Cardoso. "Parâmetros de controle de qualidade de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouhé para fitoterápicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.11.D.20549.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2015.Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-03-09T18:30:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_AliceMariaCardosoBarreto.pdf: 11466051 bytes, checksum: 5a7bc63a10160ddaa32afc10ee97070c (MD5)
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A Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, conhecida no Brasil por abóbora-gila, vem sendo estudada por suas propriedades anti-hiperglicemiantes para uso como coadjuvante no tratamento do diabetes mellitus (DM). O objetivo deste estudo foi a caracterização física, química e microbiológica da casca, polpa e semente deste fruto e a determinação dos parâmetros de controle de qualidade para elaboração de fitoterápicos. As abóboras-gila foram colhidas aos 60, 70 e 80 dias após a antese (DAA). Os frutos foram sanitizados e a polpa, a casca e as sementes foram separadas e trituradas. Foram armazenados individualmente em embalagens de polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD) e congelados a -18 ºC. O material foi liofilizado e moído para a realização das análises granulométricas, cinzas totais, cinzas insolúveis em ácido, teor de umidade, contagem de microrganismos mesófilos e fungos, Escherichia coli, Salmonella e Staphylococcus aureus. As amostras de casca e sementes foram classificadas como pó grosso, já que mais de 40% passaram pelo tamis de 75 m (número 200). Os maiores teores médios de umidade foram encontrados na polpa (3,5%) da abóbora-gila, diferindo da casca (1,2%) e da semente (1,1%). As cinzas totais não diferiram durante as épocas de colheita para a casca (2,7%) e para as sementes (2,6%); a polpa do fruto apresentou o maior valor (3,7%) aos 60 DAA. As cinzas insolúveis em ácido não apresentaram diferença significativa durante as épocas de colheita para nenhuma das partes da abóbora-gila analisadas; os valores médios para a casca, polpa e sementes foram de 0,52, 0,55 e 1,02%, respectivamente. As contagens de microrganismos mesófilos não diferiram entre a polpa (1,7 log UFC g-1) e a semente (1,2 log UFC g-1), já a casca apresentou 2,7 log UFC g-1. Todas as partes do fruto apresentaram semelhança quanto à contagem de fungos, 2,8 log UFC g-1 para a casca, 2,2 log UFC g-1 para a polpa e 2,4 log UFC g-1 para a semente. Não foram detectados Escherichia coli, Salmonella e Staphylococcus aureus. Os parâmetros de controle de qualidade estabelecidos podem ser utilizados como referência em futuros estudos relacionados à elaboração de fitoterápicos a partir de abóbora-gila como matéria-prima.
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché has been studied for its anti-hyperglycemic properties for use as an adjunct in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed at the physical, chemical and microbiological characterization of skin, flesh and seeds of this fruit, as well as the determination of the quality control parameters for phytotherapy use. The fruits were harvested at 60, 70 and 80 days after anthesis (DAA). They were sanitized and skin, flesh and seeds were separated and crushed. Afterwards, they were packed individually in low density polyethylene bags (LDPE) and frozen at -18 ºC. The material was lyophilized and ground to carry out the grain size analysis, total ash, acid insoluble ash, moisture content, mesophilic and fungi count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. Samples of skin and seeds were classified as thick, since more than 40% were retained on sieves of 75 uM (#200). The highest moisture content was found for the flesh (3.5%), differing from the skin (1.2%) and seed (1.1%). The total ash of skin (2.7%) and seed (2.6%) did not differ during the harvest time, and the fruit flesh had the highest value (3.7%) at 60 DAA. Acid insoluble ash showed no significant difference during harvest times for the fruit parts; mean values for skin, flesh and seed were 0.52, 0.55 and 1.02%, respectively. Mesophilic counts did not differ between flesh (1.7 log CFU g-1) and the seed (1.2 log CFU g-1); the skin showed 2.7 log CFU g-1. All parts of the fruit showed similarity in fungi count, 2.8 log CFU g-1 for skin, 2.2 log CFU g-1 for flesh and 2.4 log CFU g-1 for seed. No Escherichia coli, Salmonella e S. aureus were detected. The established quality control parameters can be used as reference for future studies related to preparation of herbal medicines from Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché as raw material.
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Mobio, Agoh Stefan. "A la rencontre de l'oeuvre de Frédéric Bruly Bouabré : mise en espace d'une écriture contemporaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0490.
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''À la rencontre de l’œuvre de Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, mise en espace d’une écriture contemporaine’’ est le sujet de cette thèse qui nous a guidé dans nos différentes recherches. Artiste plasticien et ancien étudiant des écoles des beaux-arts d’Abidjan (Côte d’ivoire), et de Marseille (France), notre rencontre avec Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, l’autodidacte, l'artiste et l'inventeur d’une écriture dite purement africaine, a été l’occasion de questionner notre pratique artistique par l’analyse de sa démarche de création. A travers ces recherches, c’est un double hommage rendu à sa personne et à son œuvre. En effet c’est dans l’objectif de conserver les savoirs de son peuple les Bété, et de tout peuple qui ne dispose pas d’une écriture qu’il crée un syllabaire fait de pictogrammes. Partir des sons humains, de différents bruits, des contes et légendes en pays Bété, pour produire des signes graphiques, a été un procédé qui a motivé nos recherches. Il s’agit pour nous dans le questionnement de notre pratique d’une mise en abîme de nos peintures, par le passage de l’espace illusionniste du tableau à un espace tridimensionnel. Des bruits, des sons, et des syllabes qui sont immatériels, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré est arrivé à produire des signes graphiques d'un langage nouveau. Nous inspirant de cette démarche, nous déconstruisons l’œuvre picturale pour en extraire ses constituants qui sont mis en espace pour traduire cette volonté de faire cohabiter différentes techniques, la peinture, l’écriture, la sculpture, et l’installation''At the meeting of the work of Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, putting in space of a contemporary writing '' is the subject of this thesis which guided us in our various researches. Visual artist and former student of the Schools of Beaux Arts of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), and Marseille (France), our meeting with Frédéric Bruly Bouabré, the self-taught artist and inventor of a so-called purely African writing was the opportunity to question our artistic practice by analyzing its approach to creation. Through this research, it is a double homage to his person and his work. Indeed, it is in the objective of preserving the knowledge of his people the Bété, and of all people who do not have a writing he creates a syllabary made of pictograms. Starting from human sounds, different sounds, stories and legends in Bété countries, to produce graphic signs, was a process that motivated our research. It is for us in the questioning of our practice making in an abyss our paintings, by the passage from the illusionist space of the painting to a three-dimensional space. Noises, sounds, and syllables that are immaterial, Frédéric Bruly Bouabré has come to produce graphic signs of a new language. Inspired by this approach, we deconstruct the pictorial work to extract its constituents which are put in space to translate this desire to make different techniques coexist.painting, writing, sculpture, and installation
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Soto, Díaz Fernando Aníbal. "Control de la conchuela café europea Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) en vid vinífera con insecticidas alternativos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/149040.
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Memoria para optar al Título de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención EnologíaLa conchuela café europea (Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché)) es una plaga ocasional de la vid vinífera en Chile, siendo usualmente controlada con insecticidas convencionales, residuales, de amplio espectro y alta toxicidad aguda. Este estudio evaluó la mortalidad de P. corni infestando Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay asperjadas con productos no residuales, de baja toxicidad aguda y, en general, selectivos. Fueron probados Nofly® aplicado al 0,2% p/v (esporas del hongo entomopatógeno Paecilomyces fumosoroseus); Bugitol® al 0,25% y 0,5% v/v (formulado con extractos de ají y mostaza); Biomilbe® al 1% (en base a ácidos grasos vegetales); Tecsa® Fruta al 0,5% y 1%, y TS 2035 al 0,5 y 1% (ambos detergentes agrícolas); y el aceite mineral Winspray® miscible al 0,5% y 1%. Confidor® 200 SL al 0.1% (i.a. = imidacloprid), fue usado como estándar, y plantas sin pulverizar constituyeron los controles. El diseño experimental fue en bloques completamente al azar con tres repeticiones de 40 plantas cada parcela. En el primer ensayo (principios de verano) se evaluó la acción insecticida de los 12 tratamientos descritos antes, aplicados una sola vez, mientras que en el segundo ensayo (mediados de verano) se evaluaron sólo los tratamientos más promisorios probados anteriormente, asperjados dos veces consecutivas. Las aspersiones se hicieron con nebulizadora (usando el equivalente a 1.000 L agua/ha de agua por hectárea) y cuando el primer estado ninfal estaba mayoritariamente emergido y fijado en el follaje. La mortalidad en hojas se determinó bajo lupa estereoscópica (% de individuos deshidratados, sin emitir hemolinfa después de punzar 1.000 ninfas/repetición) y se midió la fitotoxicidad (necrosis foliar, defoliación, o partidura de la fruta). Los 12 tratamientos iniciales se aplicaron el 28 de diciembre de 2011 (inicios de verano), y aquellos productos que mostraron diferencias con el control después de las aspersiones, fueron aplicados nuevamente en dos ocasiones, los días 7 y 10 de febrero de 2012 (mediados de verano). Los datos fueron sometidos a Andeva y la prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). A principios de verano, se observó una mortalidad significativamente mayor con imidacloprid (61% de mortalidad), TS 2035 (29%) y Winspray® miscible (16%), frente a sólo el 4% de mortalidad del control. Los demás tratamientos no se diferenciaron del testigo. Después de la aplicación doble a mediados de verano, la mortalidad de ninfas fue estadísticamente similar entre TS 2035 (58%) y Winspray® miscible (28%), mayor que el control (8%), pero significativamente menor que el imidacloprid (94%). No se observaron signos de fitotoxicidad después de las aspersiones. Estos resultados sugieren que insecticidas “alternativos”, como detergentes agrícolas y aceites minerales, proporcionan un control significativo de P. corni en viñedos, pero menor al tratamiento estándar (imidacloprid). Sin embargo, el control con los productos “alternativos” casi se duplicó al usarlos dos veces en un corto período de tiempo, abriendo posibilidades para mejorar los resultados realizando aspersiones repetidas durante el período de infestación de ninfas en las hojas.
The european fruit lecanium (Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché)) is an ocassional pest of wine vines in Chile, being usually controlled with conventional, residual, broad spectrum, and high acute toxicity insecticides. This study evaluated the mortality of P. corni infesting Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay sprayed with no residual, low acute toxicity and, in general, selective products. Nofly® applied at 0,2% w/v (= spores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus); Bugitol® at 0,25% y 0,5% v/v (formulated with extracts of chili and mustard); Biomilbe® at 1% (based on vegetable fatty acids); Tecsa® Fruta at 0,5% and 1%, and TS 2035 at 0,5% and 1% (both agricultural detergents); and mineral oil Winspray® miscible at 0,5% and 1% were tested. Confidor® 200 SL at 0,1% (a.i.= imidacloprid) was used as the standard, and unsprayed plants constituted the controls. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates of 40 plants each plot. In the first trial (beginning of the summer) the insecticidal action of the 12 treatments (see above), applied just once was evaluated, while in the second trial (mid-summer) only the most promising treatments previously tested were evaluated, sprayed consecutive twice. Sprays were made with an air blast sprayer (using the equivalent of 1000 liters of water per ha) and when the first nymphal stage was mostly emerged and installed on the foliage. Mortality in leaves was determined under stereomicroscope (% of dehydrated individuals, without releasing hemolymph after 1000 nymphs/replicate being punctured) and phytotoxicity (leave necrosis, defoliation, or fruit skin splitting) were measured. The 12 original treatments were applied on December the 28th 2011 (early summer), and those products showing differences with the control after the sprays were applied again twice, on 7th and 10th February in 2012 (mid summer). Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). In early summer, significantly greater mortality was observed with imidacloprid (61% mortality), TS 2035 (29%) and Winspray® miscible (16%), against just 4% control mortality. The remaining treatments were not different from the control. After the double application in mid summer, nymphal mortality was statistically similar between TS 2035 (58%) and Winspray® miscible (28%), greater than the control (8%), but significantly lower than imidacloprid (94%). No phytotoxic symptoms were observed after sprays. These results suggest that “alternative” insecticides, as agricultural detergents and mineral oils, provided significant control of P. corni in vineyards, but lower than the standard treatment (imidacloprid). However, the control with “alternative” products almost doubled using them twice in a short period of time, opening chances to improve results making repeated sprays during the period of nymphal infestation on leaves.
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Morizet-Mahoudeaux, Pierre. "Suivi en continu de processus dynamiques : fonctionnement en mode bouclé contrôlé d'un système d'intelligence artificielle." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPE068.
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L'objet de ce travail est l'étude et la mise en œuvre d'un système d'intelligence artificielle capable de diagnostiquer, en continu, l'état d'un processus dynamique au cours de son évolution. Un premier chapitre montre, à l'aide de deux exemples, l'un concernant le traitement du signal, l'autre le contrôle de la réanimation néonatale, les propriétés que doivent satisfaire les systèmes de suivi de processus dynamiques (au niveau des faits, des règles et des buts) qui impliquent la gestion des contradictions, l'invalidation des règles et l'inhibition des buts (et de leurs contraires). Le système d'acquisition et de structuration des connaissances (SUPER) qui a servi de base à ce travail est ensuite présenté, ainsi que son interface en langage naturel et de représentation d'objet. Dans cette description, on donne les propriétés et les justifications du modèle de représentation du raisonnement utilisé dans SUPER. Les limitations et les avantages du modèle sont ainsi mis en évidence. Une comparaison avec les solutions apportées dans le cas des systèmes experts en général est présentée (non-monotonie). La troisième partie décrit la maintenance de la base de faits, lors d'ajouts, de suppressions ou de modifications d'informations. Le cas particulier des règles de changement d'état est aussi étudié, avec la mise en évidence de possibilité de mémorisation ou non du changement d'état. La description du moteur d'inférence bouclé est ensuite reportée. Il offre, sur la base d'une vision ensembliste des faits et des connaissances, la possibilité de gestion d'un objectif parmi plusieurs, compte tenu des données présentes et des états antérieurs. Deux exemples d'application font l'objet de la dernière partie. Ils montrent pour l'un une méthode optimale d'utilisation de méthodes algorithmiques en fonction de leurs caracteristiques propres et de la connaissance de données. Le second décrit les stratégies de résolution adoptées dans le cas d'un ensemble processus-environnement en cours d'évolution lenteThis work presents the study and the realization of an artificial intelligence based system which monitors and diagnoses the successive states of a dynamic process. The first chapter shows, with the help of two examples (one concerns signal processing, the other the resuscitation protocol following of neonates), the properties that a system for dynamic control following must satisfy. The necessity of the maintenance of inconsistencies, inhibition and reactivation for facts rules and goals is presented. The knowledge acquisition and structuration system (SUPER), which was at the foundations of this work, is presented. The natural language interface and the object representation model are also described. The specific properties of this system in comparison with general expert systems are given and justified. The solutions given by non-monotonic logic expert systems are also presented. The third part is the description of the fact base maintenance system, when dates change, is inserted or suppressed. The particular case of change of state rules is studied, with the possibility of memorizing or not the fact that the system's state has changed. The looped inference engine is then presented. It ensures the managing of goals analysis and resolution planning according to the passed and present datas. Two applications examples are given in the last part. The first one shows how to manage with signal processing algorithm during a problem resolution as temporary results are proved or not. The second one describes resolutions strategies management in the case of a process-environment system as it slowly evolves
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Bouk, Ali Anissa [Verfasser]. "Tempered operator stabile Verteilungen / Anissa Bouk Ali." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054543909/34.
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FABRE, PIAUD ISABELLE. "Contribution a l'etude du diabete sucre en zone tropicale : enquetes alimentaires et donnees anthropometriques de cinquante-deux diabetiques dans la region de bouake (cote d'ivoire)." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6567.
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Abbou, Sofyane. "Phénomènes locaux instationnaires dans les piles à combustible à membrane (PEMFC) fonctionnant en mode bouché (dead-end)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0208/document.
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Cette thèse concerne les phénomènes locaux qui se produisent dans une pile à combustible à membrane (PEMFC) fonctionnant en mode bouché. Ce mode de fonctionnement consiste à alimenter l’anode en hydrogène sec tout en maintenant sa sortie fermée ce qui favorise l’accumulation d’eau et d’azote (issus du compartiment cathodique) près de la sortie anodique. Certaines régions sont donc convenablement alimentées en gaz tandis que d’autres ne le sont plus. Ces déséquilibres s’accompagnent de hausses localisées de potentiel (à l'anode et à la cathode) qui accélèrent la dégradation du catalyseur et de son support carboné à la cathode. Afin d’étudier ces dégradations à une échelle locale, une cellule segmentée novatrice permettant la mesure simultanée des densités de courant et des potentiels locaux a été développée. Des protocoles de vieillissement accélérés reposant sur un fonctionnement prolongé en mode bouché montrent que les pics de potentiel ont pour conséquence, après quelques heures, une distribution non-uniforme de la surface active (ECSA) à la cathode et des courants le long de la cellule : les dommages sont plus prononcés dans les zones les plus touchées par le déficit en hydrogène. Des études paramétriques et un modèle numérique permettent de comprendre que le déficit en hydrogène résulte principalement de l’accumulation d’eau liquide dans les canaux de l’anode, bien que l'azote joue également un rôle. Par conséquent, la gestion de l’eau impacte fortement les variations de potentiel à la cathode et donc leurs conséquences en termes de dégradation ; basées sur ces constatations, des solutions sont proposées pour améliorer les durée de vie des pilesThis work investigates the local transient phenomena occurring in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) operated with a dead-ended anode. The dead-end mode consists in closing the anode outlet, which leads eventually to local hydrogen starvation due to the excessive accumulation of liquid water and nitrogen (because of membrane crossover) in the anode compartment. Such fuel-starvation events may remain undetected but can entail a significant rise of the anode (and thus cathode) potentials and accelerate carbon corrosion and catalyst degradation. To access local information, we developed an innovative segmented linear cell with reference electrodes along the gas channels. By simultaneously monitoring the local potentials and current densities during operation, we assessed the impact of fuel starvation and observed strong local cathode potential excursions close to the anode outlet. Aging protocols based on fuel cell operation with a dead-ended anode (longer than in real use condition) showed non-uniform cathode ElectroChemical Surface Area (ECSA) losses and performance degradation along the cell area: the damage was more severe in the regions suffering the longest from fuel starvation. Parametric studies completed by numerical simulations showed that the fuel starvation is mainly governed by liquid water accumulation in the anode channels, as well as nitrogen crossover through the membrane. As a consequence, water management impacts significantly the cathode potential variations and thus the resulting electrode degradation. Starting from this founding, we propose strategies to improve fuel cell lifetime
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Lootvoet, Benoît. "Contribution de l'artisanat et du petit commerce à l'économie ivoirienne éléments pour une analyse à partir de l'étude de quatre villes de l'intérieur, Agboville, Bouake, Dimbokro, Katiola." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599217h.
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Bouard, Alexandre [Verfasser], Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckert, and Refik [Akademischer Betreuer] Molva. "Middleware-based Security for Future In-Car Networks / Alexandre Bouard. Gutachter: Claudia Eckert ; Refik Molva. Betreuer: Claudia Eckert." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058214268/34.
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Chooi, Cheng Yeen. "Blooding a lion in Little Bourke Street : the creation, negotiation and maintenance of Chinese ethnic identity in Melbourne." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armc548.pdf.
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Nadolny, Herlon Sergio. "Reprodução e desenvolvimento das minhocas (Eisenia andrei Bouché 1972 e Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg 1867) Em Resíduo orgânico doméstico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/22350.
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Resumo: Os resíduos orgânicos domésticos (ROD) são materiais ricos em proteínas, que em muitos casos são armazenados e descartados, dentro de sacolas plásticas, porém, podem ser transformados em adubo orgânico pelo processo de vermicompostagem em pequenas usinas de reciclagem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos selecionar a melhor espécie de minhoca detritívora e o melhor nível populacional para estabilizar os ROD e verificar se a composição do vermicomposto produzido atende à legislação específica de fertilizantes orgânicos. A transformação do ROD foi avaliada em casa de vegetação, nas dependências da Universidade Federal do Paraná em Curitiba-PR, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x6x2, sendo duas espécies de minhocas (Eudrilus eugeniae e Eisenia andrei), seis níveis populacionais (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 minhocas/vaso) e duas datas de avaliação(30 e 60 dias), com cinco repetições para cada tratamento, totalizando 120 unidades experimentais com capacidade de 5 L. Aos 30 dias a espécie de minhoca E. andrei apresentou melhor aproveitamento dos resíduos, aumentando a biomassa em 130% e com altas taxas de remanescência de 80% para o tratamento T3 (6 minhocas/vaso). E. eugeniae apresentou baixas taxas de remanescência que oscilaram de 1 a 50% e perda de biomassa de 90%. As composições físico-químicas dos vermicompostos atenderam a legislação federal para compostos orgânicos quanto aos parâmetros: pH, C, N, relação C/N e umidade. A reciclagem do ROD através do processo de vermicompostagem poderá contribuir para a redução do lixo lançado em aterros e “lixões”, aliada a prática de separação de materiais inertes, já praticada em Curitiba e muitas cidades brasileiras.
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Balinisteanu, Mihai Tudor. "Narrative, social myth and reality in contemporary Scottish and Irish women's writing : Kennedy, Lochhead, Bourke, Ni Dhuibhne and Carr." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6273/.
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This thesis is concerned with narrative constructions of women's identities in texts by contemporary Scottish and Irish women writers. I focus on texts by A. L. Kennedy, Liz Lochhead, Angela Bourke, Éilís Ní Dhubhne and Marina Carr. The theoretical framework of my analysis has been inspired by these writers' concerns with the relationship between narrative and reality. An important idea derived from the study of this relationship is that one's voice often, if not always, accommodates others' voices and is modulated by the power they convey. This power, derived from traditions that naturalise legitimate subjectivity constructs, steers and disciplines narrators, characters borne in these narrators' voices, as well as to whom they speak, readers or other characters, affecting the representations of the realities they inhabit. In my thesis, I examine literary explorations of the power through which narratives voices operate to constitute identities. The vision of voice as necessarily accommodating others' voices has suggested the use of Bakhtin's theories of heteroglossia in my analyses. The idea that an other's voice speaks in one's voice has sent me to Derrida's theory of citationality and to Judith Butler's theory of discursive reiteration and subjectivity. Regarding the act of narrating as an act of citation, I examine the role of narratives in shaping identity by providing subject positions derived form a citational chain of stories. The analysis of the relationship between narrative and reality undertaken in this thesis is interdisciplinary, involving elements of narratology theory, linguistics, philosophy, anthropology and social theory. The main argument can be summarised thus: myth is a manifestation of authority in the discursive acts through which we present ourselves to ourselves and to others in social reality. These discursive acts are to an extent acts of citation that reiterate subjective identities which, through this reiteration, have become naturalised, normative and constraining. The kind of subject they constitute is produced at the expense of alternative possibilities of cultural expression.
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MONTEIRO, Maria Fernanda Melo. "Detecção de Rickettsia spp. em Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) e Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4457.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Rickettsial diseases are zoonotic infections caused by gram-negative bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae which are transmitted by several ectoparasites such as ticks belonging to the genus Amblymomma, however, the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) and Ctenocephalides felis felis have been reported as potential vectors.The aim of this study was to detect Rickettsia spp. DNA in R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis felis through molecular examination (Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR). A total of 728 ectoparasites were collected of 155 dogs from the states of Pernambuco (municipalities of Recife and Bezerros) and Alagoas (municipalities of Viçosa and Arapiraca) were used in this study. All specimens were morphologically identified (R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis felis), separated in pools (n = 3) and analyzed molecularly through PCR. Out of the 136 pools of R. sanguineus s.l. analyzed, 20.58% (28/136) and 80 pools of C. felis felis analyzed 31.20% (39/80) it was observed amplification fragment of 401 bp compatible with Rickettsia spp. In relation to the positivity of ectoparasites in the municipalities studied, it was observed that R. sanguineus s.l. was positive in the Metropolitan Area of Recife (20.49%) and Bezerros (22.22%), however in the state of Alagoas was not observed the positivity for Viçosa municipality, but, Arapiraca got 25% positive. With regard to C. felis felis it was observed that in Pernambuco 54.54% of samples were positive being derived from Metropolitan Area of Recife, while Bezerros municipality was not observed amplification of the fragment compatible with Rickettsia spp. In Alagoas, it was observed 12.50% of positivity for Arapiraca and 50.00% for Viçosa. This study reports, for the first time, the detection of Rickettsia spp. in R. sanguineus s.l. parasitizing dogs from the state of Pernambuco and R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis felis parasitizing dogs from the state of Alagoas. Although there are no reports of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) in the areas studied, the presence of infected ticks and fleas suggests the circulation of the pathogen between vertebrate hosts and vectors.
As riquetsioses são doenças zoonóticas causadas por bactérias gram-negativas da família Rickettsiaceae sendo transmitidas por diversos ectoparasitos, destacando-se os carrapatos do gênero Amblymomma, entretanto, as espécies Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) e Ctenocephalides felis felis vêm sendo relatadas como vetores em potencial. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi diagnosticar a infecção por Rickettsia spp. em R. sanguineus s.l. e C. felis felis através da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Para tanto foram coletados 728 ectoparasitos de 155 cães de dois municípios do estado de Pernambuco (Recife e Bezerros) e de dois municípios do estado de Alagoas (Viçosa e Arapiraca). Todos os espécimes foram identificados morfologicamente (R. sanguineus s.l. e C. felis felis), sendo separados em pools (n = 3) e analisados através da PCR. Dos 136 pools de R. sanguineus s.l. analisados 20,58% (28/136) e dos 80 pools de C. felis felis analisadas 31,20% (39/80) foi observado amplificação de fragmento de 401 pb compatíveis com Rickettsia spp. Em relação à positividade dos ectoparasitos nos municípios estudados, observou-se que R. sanguineus s.l. foi positivo na Região Metropolitana do Recife (20,49%) e em Bezerros (22,22%), entretanto, no estado de Alagoas não foi observada positividade para o município de Viçosa, porém, Arapiraca obteve 25% de positividade. Em relação à C. felis felis observou-se que em Pernambuco 54,54% das amostras foram positivas sendo elas procedentes da Região Metropolitana do Recife, enquanto que no município de Bezerros não foi observada amplificação do fragmento compatível com Rickettsia spp. Já em Alagoas observou-se positividade de 12,50% para Arapiraca e 50,00% para Viçosa. Este estudo reporta pela primeira vez a detecção de Rickettsia spp. em R. sanguineus s.l. parasitando cães provenientes do estado de Pernambuco e R. sanguineus s.l. e C. felis felis parasitando cães provenientes do estado de Alagoas. Apesar de não existirem relatos de Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) nas regiões estudadas, a presença de carrapatos e pulgas infectados sugere a circulação do patógeno entre hospedeiros vertebrados e vetores.
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Andrade, Rita Morais de. "Boué Soeurs RG 7091: a biografia cultural de um vestido." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13076.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-20Universidade Anhembi Morumbi
This theses investigates the social and cultural circulation of a frock from its manufacture in a couture House atelier back in the 1920s Paris to its storage at Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo in 1993, where it was catalogued as Boué Soeurs RG 7091. Searching trhough some of this object paths its manufacturing, the people who wore it, the cities where it circulated this paper proposes the interpretation of objetcs as a method to elaborate a dress cultural biography. The material analyses of RG 7091, approached here as a historical document, allowed to question the idea of a totalitarian fashion hegemony over all forms of dress. Through the interpretation of certain material aspects, elements and articulation of the dress, I discuss some timely and spacially perceptions as well as youthness and modesty. The material evidences of people s interference but also of time, climate, storage and circulation conditions over textiled clothes indicate sensitive meanings in the ways to dress the body
Esta tese investiga a circulação social e cultural de um vestido desde sua confecção num atelier de alta-costura em Paris na década de 1920 até seu armazenamento na reserva técnica do Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo em 1993, quando ele foi catalogado como Boué Soeurs RG 7091. Percorrendo algumas trajetórias deste objeto sua confecção, os corpos que vestiu, as cidades por onde passou , esta pesquisa propõe um método interpretativo de objetos como método para a elaboração de uma biografia cultural do vestido. A análise material do RG 7091, tratado aqui como um documento histórico, permitiu colocar em xeque a idéia de hegemonia da moda sobre todas as formas de vestir. Através da interpretação de determinadas marcas, elementos e articulações do vestido, discutem-se aqui percepções de temporalidades e espacialidades, juventude e pudor. As evidências materiais das interferências dos sujeitos e outros atores (tempo, clima, condições de armazenagem) sobre as roupas feitas de tecido indicam formas sensíveis de vestir os corpos
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Boullé, Mikaël [Verfasser]. "HIV cell-to-cell spread results in earlier onset of viral gene expression by multiple infections per cell / Mikaël Boullé." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148426051/34.
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Bouhsira, Emilie. "Rôle de Ctenocephalides felis (bouché, 1835) [Siphonaptera Pulicidae] dans la transmission de Bartonella spp. [Rhizobiales Bartonellaceae] et moyens de contrôle." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0025/document.
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Ctenocephalides felis est une espèce de puce cosmopolite parasitant majoritairement les carnivores domestiques. Elle est vectrice de nombreux agents pathogènes zoonotiques dont les bactéries du genre Bartonella, bactéries intracellulaires facultatives. La compétence vectorielle de cette puce a été investiguée pour B. henselae, B. quintana, B. clarridgeiae, B. tribocorum et B. birtlesii. Dans ces conditions expérimentales, utilisant un système de gorgement sur membrane, ces espèces ont persisté pendant les trois jours d'une première étude, et pour B. henselae durant les 13 jours de survie des puces, dans une seconde étude. Les cinq espèces de bartonelles ont été retouvées dans les fèces. Pour ces cinq espèces, nos résultats montrent une absence de transmission verticale transovarienne chez la puce et suggèrent une possibilité de contamination horizontale. Nous proposons enfin un protocole original d'évaluation de l'efficacité d'un traitement antiparasitaire chez le chat, pour prévenir sa contamination par Bartonella sppCtenocephalides felis is a cosmopolitan flea species mainly parasitizing pets, transmitting several pathogens of veterinary and zoonotic importance including the facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Bartonella. The vector competence of this flea was investigated for B. henselae, B. quintana, B. clarridgeiae, B. tribocorum and B. birtlesii, using an artificial feeding system. In these experimental conditions, these bartonellae proved to persist for three days, in a first study, while B. henselae persisted for the 13 days of its life span, in a second study. All five bartonellae were excreted in the flea's faeces. On the whole, these five species were not transmitted transovarially in the fleas, though horizontal transmission was suggested. Furthermore, we propose an original protocol allowing the evaluation of the efficacy of ectoparasiticidal products against Bartonella spp. infection in cats
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Sasaki, Karen Lucia Mayumi. "Estudos morfoanatômicos em órgãos vegetativos de Cordyline fruticosa (L.) Chevalier, C. australis (G. Forst.) Endl. e C. spectabilis Kunth & Bouché." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-27082015-112618/.
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As plantas do gênero Cordyline possuem estruturas caulinares peculiares geralmente chamadas de rizoma. Um autor do início do século XX sugeriu que havia uma relação entre esse órgão de Cordyline e o órgão formador de raiz de Selaginella. O termo rizóforo foi originalmente cunhado para Selaginella e significa \"órgão portador de raízes\" e também passou a ser aplicado aos órgãos caulinares subterrâneos de Vernonia, Dioscorea e Smilax e ao que tradicionalmente era chamado de raiz aérea em Rhizophora mangle. Recentemente admitiu-se que as estruturas de Cordyline fruticosa são rízóforos, mas nenhum estudo de desenvolvimento foi apresentado a fim de confirmar tal hipótese. Rizóforo é um caule com geotropismo positivo não originário da plúmula do embrião, presente em plantas com sistema caulinar bipolar de ramificação, isto é, a planta possui ramos aéreos, as quais tem geotropismo negativo e formam folhas, e ramos basais, os quais tem geotropismo positivo e formam raízes. Em Cordyline, os rizóforos se desenvolvem a partir de gemas laterais e possuem crescimento secundário do mesmo modo que o eixo aéreo. O espessamento do caule de Cordyline já foi amplamente analisado em sua porção aérea, mas trabalhos a respeito da porção caulinar subterrânea são mais escassos. Esse espessamento é resultado direto e indireto da atuação do periciclo. No corpo primário, o periciclo produz tecido vascular adicional aumentando o diâmetro do caule concomitante com a atividade meristemática da endoderme. O periciclo ainda é o responsável pela formação do MES, o qual proporciona o espessamento secundário e atua de maneira semelhante na porção aérea e no rizóforo, com pequena variação. A vascularização das raízes adventícias conecta-se à vascularização do caule pelo periciclo durante o crescimento primário e pelo MES durante o crescimento secundário. As características morfológicas e anatômicas do rizóforo estão diretamente relacionadas com uma maior produção de raízes, assim, sua principal função é o aumento da rizosfera. Outras funções importantes dessa estrutura é o acúmulo de reservas e a reprodução vegetativa. O presente estudo averiguou a natureza dos órgãos subterrâneos de Cordyline fruticosa, C. australis e C, spectabilis, através de estudos anatômicos e observações do desenvolvimento ontogenético.Plants of the genus Cordyline possess distinctive caulinar structures usually known as rhizomes. An author from the early twentieth century suggested that there was a relationship between this organ in Cordyline and the root-generating organ in Selaginella. The term rhizophore - meaning \"root-bearing organ\" - was coined originally for Selaginella and was later applied to the subterranean stem organs of Vernonia, Dioscorea and Smilax and to the structures traditionally known as aerial roots in Rhizophora mangle. Recently, these structures in Cordyline fruticosa have been categorized as rhizophores, but this hypothesis has not previously been confirmed by any published developmental study. A rhizophore is a stem with positive geotropism which does not arise from the plumule of the embryo, and is present in plants with a stem system having bipolar branching, i.e. with aerial branches, which have negative geotropism and form leaves, and basal branches, which have positive geotropism and form roots. The rhizophores of Cordyline develop from lateral buds and have secondary growth of the same type as in the aerial axis. The stem thickening of Cordyline has already been extensively studied in its aerial parts, but there are few such studies regarding the subterranean part of the stem. This thickening is the direct and indirect result of the activity of the pericycle. In the primary body, the pericycle produces additional vascular tissue, which increases the diameter of the stem concomitant with the meristematic activity of the endodermis. The pericycle is also responsible for the generation of the STM, which provides the secondary thickening and functions in a similar way in the aerial stem and the rhizophore, with little variation. The adventitious roots vascular tissue are connected to the vascular system of the stem by the pericycle during primary growth and by the STM during secondary growth. The morphological and anatomical features of the rhizophore are directly related to an increased production of roots, and thus its main function is the rhizosphere expansion. Beside that, the rhizophore is important as a storage organ and vegetative reproduction. The present study investigated the structure of the subterranean organs of Cordyline fruticosa, C. australis and C. spectabilis by anatomical techniques and observations of their ontogenetic development.
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Mamelouk, Douja. "Redirecting al-nazar contemporary Tunisian women novelists return the gaze /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/649823780/viewonline.
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Rosario, León Paul Herz. "Efecto protector de la almendra de semillas de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (calabaza blanca) en el daño hepático inducido por paracetamol en ratones." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11459.
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Evalúa el efecto protector del consumo de la almendra de semillas de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (calabaza blanca) inducido a daño hepático por paracetamol en ratones. El estudio es experimental puro, con posprueba y grupo control. Se realizó en el Centro de investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Como material biológico se utilizaron almendras de semilla de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché y 35 ratones machos Mus musculus de la cepa Balb/c, de dos meses de edad (27,2 g. ± 3,2), que fueron divididos en 5 grupos (n=7), los cuales recibieron tratamiento por 10 días, al sexto día de tratamiento se les suministró paracetamol 300 mg/kg (excepto al G I): G I y G II, suero fisiológico (10 mL/kg); G III, silimarina (70 mg/kg); los G IV y V, suspensión de almendra 400 mg/kg y 800 mg/kg de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché, respectivamente. Las principales medidas de resultados fueron índice hepático, lipoperoxidación, glutatión reducido (GSH), GSH total, relación GSH/GSSG y estudio histológico. Se encontró que la suspensión de almendra de semillas de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (calabaza blanca) incrementó los niveles del GSH y la relación GSH/GSSG, existe una menor tendencia en los niveles de lipoperoxidación e índice hepático. A nivel histológico, evidencia regeneración del tejido hepático. A partir de estos resultados concluye que el consumo de almendra de semillas de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (calabaza blanca) presenta efecto hepatoprotector frente a la toxicidad por paracetamol en ratones.Tesis
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Noronha, Christine M. (Christine Mary). "Effects of density and host plant type on fecundity and survival of Delia radicum (Bouché), D. Antiqua (Meigen) and D. Platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41017.
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The effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition, host plant, and prior host plant experience on fecundity, rate of oviposition and mortality of adults and larval survival of Delia radicum Bouche (Cabbage Maggot (CM)), D. antiqua Meigen (Onion Maggot (OM)), and D. platura Meigen (Seed Corn Maggot (SCM)), were studied on cabbage, onion and bean plants.An optimum density for maximum fecundity per female was observed when the four experimental densities were compared. This optimum density was higher on host than on non-host plants. CM females were host specific and did not oviposit on non-host plants. Rates of oviposition and mortality over a 30-day period were calculated for each density. The rate of oviposition was slower at higher densities on host plants for CM, OM and SCM. The rate of mortality increased at the highest density for CM (cabbage), OM (bean) and SCM (cabbage), but remained unaffected for OM on onion and cabbage and for SCM on onion and bean, when densities were compared. For OM, a delay in the rate of oviposition and mortality on cabbage (non-host plant) when compared with onion (host plant), suggests that cabbage was not as readily accepted as an oviposition site. Interspecific competition experiments at six density ratio's of SCM:OM indicated increased fecundity, or an increase in the rate of oviposition for OM, at the lower densities when single and mixed species were compared. For SCM no effects on fecundity were recorded, but the rate of oviposition was slower and rate of mortality faster at the lowest density in the presence of OM. Similar studies with SCM and CM showed no such effects of competition.
Host plant exposure of SCM females during the pre-oviposition period resulted in a delay in initial acceptance of subsequent host plants as oviposition sites. This happened only when females were exposed to a secondary host during the pre-oviposition period. Once oviposition began, host discrimination ceased and a switch in oviposition sites to the preferred host did not alter the rate of oviposition. In CM, the rate of larval development increased at density 6 (optimum density). Above this density a decrease in the rate of development and a significant reduction in pupal weight was observed. Time required for fly emergence was not affected by increasing larval densities.
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Muniz, Lidiane Batista. "Caracterização física, química, fisiológica e avaliação do efeito anti-hiperglicemiante de abóboras Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché em pacientes pré-diabéticos e diabéticos mellitus tipo 2." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/22274.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2014.Submitted by Marianna Gomes (mariannasouza@bce.unb.br) on 2016-12-07T18:59:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_LidianeBatistaMuniz.pdf: 1495877 bytes, checksum: e7672c6dd1055e3eae8bb3e6975ee18e (MD5)
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O diabetes mellitus (DM) constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, e mais de 90% dos casos diagnosticados são do tipo 2. O DM é considerado um distúrbio metabólico crônico e degenerativo caracterizado por hiperglicemia crônica, resultante de defeitos na secreção ou ação da insulina ou ambas. As sulfonilureias e as biganidas, anti-hiperglicemiantes orais mais utilizados no tratamento do DM2, apresentam efeitos eficazes, no entanto possuem efeitos colaterais. A busca por plantas fontes de compostos bioativos, que apresentem atividade hipoglicemiante pode ser uma alternativa adjuvante ao tratamento para os pacientes. Dentre as plantas que possuem atividade hipoglicemiante destacam-se as da família das cucurbitáceas, precisamente a abóbora Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché. Diante do exposto, o objetivo geral desse estudo é proceder a caracterização física, química, fisiológica e avaliação do efeito anti-hiperglicemiante da Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché em pacientes pré-diabéticos e diabéticos mellitus tipo 2. O material vegetal foi colhido em três safras e em estádios de maturação diferentes para ser analisado quanto aos teores de compostos com potencial hipoglicemiante. Além disso, realizou-se estudo piloto, ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado no Ambulatório do Serviço Médico da Embrapa Hortaliças em Brasília-DF com amostra constituída por 32 voluntários. Foi desenvolvido produto tecnológico (fitoterapia) que foi administrado aos pacientes. Os voluntários foram alocados em dois grupos fitoterápico da abóbora (900 mg/dia) e placebo e, classificados em saudáveis, pré-diabéticos e diabéticos tipo 2. Realizou-se acompanhamento durante um mês, sendo consultas semanais para anamnese e duas avaliações bioquímicas. Os resultados foram analisados pelo software SPSS versão 13.0, com os testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e análise de variância (p < 0,05). Observou-se que as safras 2 (maio a agosto de 2011) e 3 (julho a outubro de 2012) obtiveram frutos com melhores características de qualidade, atributos esses que a indústria e consumidor priorizam. Por outro lado, a safra 1 (fevereiro a maio de 2011) e 3 (julho a outubro de 2012), obtiveram frutos com melhor valor nutricional quanto a composição centesimal. Frutos da safra 1 (fevereiro a maio de 2011) foram os que apresentaram maior quantidade de compostos hipoglicemiantes. Em relação ao estádio de maturação, a colheita dos frutos da abóbora pode ser realizada aos 40 dias após a antese. Nesse estádio de maturação os frutos apresentaram boa resistência mecânica ao manuseio pós-colheita, manutenção da qualidade físico-química e maior concentração das sulfonilureias no fruto. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem que o fitoterápico da abóbora Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché é potencialmente capaz de exercer benefícios nos parâmetros bioquímicos de pacientes pré-diabéticos como colesterol total e triglicerídeos. Porém devido à escassez de estudos na literatura, ensaios clínicos randomizados adicionais aos realizados neste estudo são necessários para determinar a posologia e as condições clínicas que poderiam beneficiar pacientes diabéticos tipo 2.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health problem, and more than 90% of diagnosed cases are type 2. DM is considered a chronic and degenerative metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action or both. Sulphonylureas and biguanidas are oral hypoglycemics drugs most used in the treatment of T2DM, are effective effects, however have side effects and high cost. The search for plant sources of bioactive compounds, which have hypoglycemic activity may be an alternative for patients. Among the plants that possess hypoglycemic activity stand out from those of the Cucurbitaceae family, precisely Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché. Given the above, the main objective of this study is to carry out in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché in pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. The plant material was collected in three seasons and in different stages of maturation to be analyzed for concentrations of compounds with hypoglycaemic potential. In addition, we performed a, randomized, double-blind, pilot study the Ambulatory Medical Officer of Embrapa Vegetables in Brasilia with sample consisted of 32 volunteers. At Technological product (herbal medicine) was developed, and it that was administered to patients. The volunteers pre-diabetics and type 2 diabetics were divided into two groups herbal pumpkin (900 mg/day) and placebo. Held up, with weekly visits to anamnesis and two biochemical evaluations. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 13.0, with the Student t test, chi-square test and analysis of variance (p < 0.05). It was observed that yields 2 (May-August 2011) and 3 (July-October 2012) obtained with better fruit quality characteristics, attributes such that industry and consumers prioritize. Moreover, the harvest 1 (February-May 2011) and 3 (July-October 2012), had fruit with better nutritional value as the proximate composition. Fruits of the harvest 1 (February-May 2011) were those with the highest amount of hypoglycemic compounds. Regarding the maturity, the fruit harvest pumpkin can be performed at 40 days after anthesis. At this stage of fruit ripening showed good mechanical resistance for post-harvest handling, maintenance of the physical and chemical quality and higher concentration of sulphonylureas in the fruit. he results obtained in this study suggest that Cucurbita ficifolia B. is potentially able to exert benefits on blood pressure and biochemical parameters in pre-diabetic patients as fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. But due to the lack of studies in the literature, this study made the additional randomized trials are needed to determine the dosage and the clinical conditions that could benefit type 2 diabetic patients.
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Lootvoet, Benoît. "L'Artisanat et le petit commerce dans l'économie ivoirienne : éléments pour une analyse à partir de l'étude de quatre villes de l'intérieur (Agboville, Bouaké, Dimbokro, Katiola) /." Paris : Ed. de l'ORSTOM, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36629017j.
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Poligné, Isabelle. "Étude des transferts et des mécanismes réactionnels lors du salage, séchage, cuisson et fumage de pièces de viande : cas du porc boucané à la Réunion." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_09_Poligne.pdf.
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Le procédé de fabrication artisanale et traditionnelle du porc boucané à la Réunion est analysé de manière détaillée. La qualité du produit est définie par ses caractéristiques physico-chimiques (teneurs en eau, en chlorure de sodium, en phénols totaux, en matières grasses, Aw, pH), sa couleur (dans l'espace L*a*b*) et ses arômes (analyses par CPG/SM). Les mesures et analyses indiquent que le porc boucané est un poduit qui se démarque des produits de salaison occidentaux et qui doit son originalité à un degré de fumage élevé, à une déshydratation marquée et à une stabilité dans des conditions de conservation tropicales. Toutefois, le produit pose un problème de santé publique, en raison d'une teneur en benzo(a)pyrène - composé cancérogène - pouvant être jusqu'à sept fois supérieure à la recommandation en vigueur. Les opérations simultanées de salage, séchage, cuisson et fumage qui composent le procédé sont découplées afin d'étudier l'impact des transferts de matière et des réactions biochimiques sur la qualité de la viande, définie par trois critères : stabilité, couleur, arômes. L'étude montre que le séchage, la cuisson et le fumage sont indissociables et doivent être conduites de manière simultanée pour conférer au produit ses caractéristiques originales. Afin d'améliorer à la fois le procédé et la qualité, notamment sanitaire, du produit, une alternative technologique a été mise en place. Elle consiste en l'immersion (à haute température) des pièces de viande dans une solution complexe (eau, chlorure de sodium, sirop de glucose, arôme liquide de fumée) permettant ainsi un traitement en une seule étape du produit. Deux modèles de prédiction (modèle polynomial issu d'un plan d'expériences et réseaux de neurones) ont été élaborés. Le premier modèle permet l'analyse des effets des variables d'entrée (température, temps, concentrations en arôme liquide de fumée et en sirop de glucose) sur les réponses (perte en eau, gains en chlorure de sodium, en sucres totaux, en phénols totaux, pH, Aw, couleur, arômes). Le second modèle a été retenu en vue de l'optimisation du procédé de fabrication du porc boucané. Les résultats montrent qu'il est possible, dans certaines conditions d'élaborer un produit proche du boucané traditionnel artisanal en terme de caractéristiques physico-chimiques et de couleur. [Résumé de l'auteur]
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Pierre, Morgan Brieg. "Graphes et maillages adaptés pour le calcul d'applications harmoniques minimisantes." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0041.
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Galli, Catherine. "D’une innovation pédagogique au « bougé » de la forme scolaire : Monographie du dispositif Projet et Ateliers Sup’Sciences (PASS) dans l’académie d’Aix-Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3082.
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Le point de départ de cette recherche est notre participation à l'évaluation du Projet et Ateliers Sup'Sciences visant à sensibiliser les élèves de l'enseignement secondaire aux sciences. Cette recherche commanditée par le Fond d'Expérimentation à la Jeunesse (FEJ) et en partenariat avec la Direction de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (DESR), nous a permis à la fois d'avoir accès à un terrain d'enquête complet et de penser les contraintes d'une recherche commanditée. Ce travail repose alors, d'une part sur une vision du social fondée sur les processus mis en oeuvre dans ce type de dispositif pédagogique et d'autre part sur l'analyse des situations propre à cette expérimentation. Pour ce faire, il a été question d'articuler plusieurs niveaux d'analyses à partir d'un questionnaire destiné aux élèves, suivi sur trois années, sur les transformations de leurs représentations de la science et des métiers scientifique et sur leur rapport aux savoirs, à la classe et à l'institution scolaire. Ensuite, les analyses d'entretiens auprès des différents acteurs de la communauté éducative complétaient cette évaluation ; ils donnaient des informations sur les processus mis en oeuvre dans l'élaboration et la réalisation du projet. Enfin, les observations in situ en ateliers scientifiques ont mis au jour les activités pédagogiques et la situation d'enseignement, liées à l'expérimentationThe starting point of this research is our participation in the evaluation of the Project and Sup' Sciences workshops to make sensitive the pupils of the secondary education in the sciences. This research financed by the « Fond d'expérimentation à la Jeunesse » (FEJ) and in partnership with « la direction de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche » (DESR), allowed us at the same time to have access to a complete ground of investigation and to think of the constraints of a financed research. This work bases then, on one hand on a vision of social established on the processes implemented in this type of educational device and on the other hand on the analysis of the situations peculiar to this experiment. To do it, it was question to articulate several levels of analyses from a questionnaire intended for the pupils, followed over three years, on the transformations of their representations of the scientific science and the businesses and on their relationship in the knowledges, in the class and in the school institution. Then, the analyses of interviews with the various actors of the educational community completed this evaluation; they gave information onto the processes operated in the elaboration and the realization of the project. Finally, the observations in situ in scientific workshops brought to light the educational activities and the situation of teaching, connected to the experiment
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Abigail Williams May, Amelia Gayle Gorgas, Charlotte (Lottie) Moon, Edmonia Lewis, Ellen May Tower, Food, Lucy Larcom, Hannah Duston, Margaret Bourke-White, Moon Sisters, Hannah Duston, Virginia (Ginny) Moon." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://www.amzn.com/1851096000.
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Gavant, Fabien. "Contribution à des architectures de stabilisation d'images basées sur la perception visuelle et la physiologie du tremblement humain." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT061/document.
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Avec l’intégration des appareils photos dans les appareils mobiles, leur démocratisation et la réduction de la taille de l’imageur, de l’optique et de la taille pixels, les photos sont de plus en plus sujettes au flou de bougé dû aux tremblements de la main. À cette tendance s’ajoute un accroissement constaté dans l’exigence de qualité d’image de la part des utilisateurs. Pour réduire ce flou, des systèmes de stabilisation d’image ont été développés. Néanmoins ceux-ci ne permettent pas de garantir la qualité de netteté des images et souffrent parfois d’une intégration limitée. En réponse à ces limitations, ces travaux de recherche proposent, d’une part, un modèle de tremblement physiologique permettant de simuler de manière fidèle les flous de bougé et, d’autre part, une étude sur la perception visuelle du flou permettant le développement d’une métrique de qualité. Enfin des architectures de stabilisations, exploitant ces nouveaux outils, sont proposées. Ces nouvelles architectures permettent de réduire le nombre de composants externes ainsi que de garantir la netteté des images stabiliséesWith the integration of cameras in mobile devices, their democratization and the reduction of the imager’s size, the optical system dimensions and the pixels miniaturization, the photos become more and more subject to motion blur due to the hand tremor. In addition, the requirements in terms of image quality become higher and higher. Hence, in order to reduce this blur, several image stabilization systems have been developed. Nevertheless, they cannot guarantee the sharpness quality of resulting images and in some cases, they show integration difficulties. In order to overcome these limitations, the research work presented in this thesis proposes, first of all, a physiological tremor model that aims to simulate realistic camera shake and secondly, presents a study on visual perception of blur. This study enables the development of a quality metric. Finally, stabilization algorithms and architectures exploiting these new tools are presented. These new architectures reduce the number of external components and ensure sharp stabilized images
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Bouché, Caroline Gabriele [Verfasser], and Chia-Jung [Akademischer Betreuer] Busch. "Retrospektive Auswertung der Toxizitäten einer TPF-Induktionschemotherapie mit konsolidierender Radiochemotherapie in der Behandlung von lokal fortgeschrittenen Kopf-/Hals-Tumoren im UKE der Jahre 2008-2015 / Caroline Gabriele Bouché ; Betreuer: Chia-Jung Busch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1202925502/34.
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Mayorquim, Jorge Luiz. "Étude en vue de la réalisation d'un réseau de neurones binaires logiques : détection de contours en temps réel." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD893.
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Marcel, Jean-Christophe. "Les avatars de l'héritage durkheimien : une histoire de la sociologie en France (1920-1958)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010540.
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Le devenir de sa sociologie après la mort de Durkheim n'est pas l'inexorable déclin que certains ont décrit, et attribue à l'immobilisme intellectuel de collaborateurs occupés à défendre avec acharnement la position fragile car de plus en plus contestée de leur sociologie tant sur le plan intellectuel que sur le plan institutionnel. À travers les exemples de Mauss, Simiand Halbwachs et Bougle, on s'aperçoit en effet que dans l'entre-deux guerres la sociologie évolue. Ces auteurs, chacun à leur manière, posent de nouveaux jalons pour l'élaboration d'une "psychologie collective" qui, en s'intéressant aux états psychiques collectifs partagés par des individus places dans certaines situations, gomme le hiatus que Durkheim avait posé entre l'individu et la société. Toutefois, cette entreprise de rénovation conceptuelle reste inachevée. C'est pourquoi la deuxième guerre n'est peut-être pas non plus la coupure - marquée par la fin du durkheimisme et la nécessité de reconstruire la sociologie française - qu'on a souvent voulu voir. Pressés de répondre aux problèmes posés par la reconstruction, malmenés par une philosophie engagée qui dénie à leur discipline le statut de science, impressionnés par une science sociale empirique venu d'Outre-Atlantique qui se pose comme un nouveau modèle pour la recherche, des auteurs tels que Gurvitch, Friedmann, Stoetzel, bien que soucieux de construire une nouvelle sociologie plus empirique et capable de mieux saisir le sens vécu des conduites humaines, sont amenés à défendre une conception hexagonale de leur discipline. Ainsi tous gardent une posture épistémologique qui n'est pas sans rappeler le rationalisme durkheimien, car elle s'efforce de replacer, pour les comprendre, les pensées et les conduites individuelles dans la totalité de la société. Dans ce contexte, les travaux entamés par les durkheimiens une décennie plus tôt, qui avaient commencé à poser ces problèmes, restent d'actualité jusqu'à la fin des années cinquanteThe destiny of Durkheim's sociology after his death is not the inevitable decline some described and blamed as the result of the lack of intellectual inactivity of collaborators, busy to relentlessly defend the frail since more and more controversial position of their sociology, both from the intellectual and institutionnal point of view. The examples of Mauss, Simiand Halbwachs and Bougle prove that sociology evolved between world war I and world war II. These authors, each in his own ways, pave the way for a "collective psychology" which suppresses the hiatus Durkheim had set between the individual and society, by observing the collective psychical states shared by individuals in certain situations. However this attempt at reviewing concepts remains uncompleted. That is why the second world war may not be the break - marked by the end of durkheimism and the need to rebuild french sociology - it has often been assimilated to. Eager to face the issues of European reconstruction, criticized by a commited philosophy which denies their discipline the status of a science, impressed by an empirical social science from across the atlantic standing as a new model for research, authors such as Gurvitch, Friedmann, Stoetzel, although willing to build a new and more empirical sociology able to better comprehend the experienced meaning of human behaviours, are led to defend a French conception of their discipline. Then, they all keep an epistemological position, which somewhat reminds of the durkheimian rationalism, since it tries to put individual thougts and behaviours back in the whole society in order to understand them. In this content, the works the durkheimians started a decade ago, raising these issues for the first time, remain up to date until the end of the fifties
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Oliveira, Mariana Santos Gomes de. "Semioquímicos envolvidos nas interações tritróficas entre a palma forrageira, a chochonilha de escama Diaspis echinocacti (BOUCHÉ, 1833) (HEMIPTERA - DIASPIDIDAE) e dois de seus predadores, Zagreus bimaculosus (MULSANT, 1850) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) e Chilocorus nigrita (FABRICIUS, 1798) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1917.
Full textAbstract:
The palm is an important crop, primarily for its forage potential, being an alternative to feeding livestock is scarce native grasslands, especially during periods of prolonged drought. One of the main problems in the cultivation of cactus pear is the infestation of pests such as mealybug in scale, Diaspis echinocacti, when uncontrolled can cause severe yield losses, reaching 100%. The Integrated
Management is an alternative to control this pest and maintenance of production out of economic damage. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the interaction between the spineless cactus, cochineal scale and two of its natural enemies, Zagreus bimaculosus and Chilocorus nigrita. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by ten varieties of cactus, healthy and infested by D. echinocacti, as well as the volatiles released by the two natural enemies studied were collected by aeration and
extracted with n-hexane HPLC. The extracts were subjected to behavioral bioassays in olfatometre Y to identify their attractive activity for natural enemies, Z. bimaculosus and C. nigrita, and then subjected to chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification of VOCs. Electrophysiologic testing with gas chromatography coupled to electroantennograph (GC-EAG) of the extracts that showed activity in behavioral bioassays were conducted. The results showed that the species of ladybugs are attracted by the extracts studied, mostly after the process of infestation with D. echinocacti, and that the profiles of the emission of VOCs of ten varieties studied differed. Among the VOCs identified in extracts of Z. bimaculosus and C. nigrita, are the 1-ethyl-hexanol, 3,7-dimethyloctanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-decanol, 2-propyl-1-heptanol and farnesol, which were identified as components of the aggregation pheromone of beetles and beetle cuticular constituents. It also observe that new compounds were found in the extracts of ten varieties of cactus infested with cochineal scale of D. echinocacti, among these compounds are the n-octanal, geranyl linalool, linalool, n-nonanal, n-decanal and squalene, which are associated with plant defense, including the attraction of natural
enemies. These results demonstrate the importance of VOCs produced by plants for their defense, after a process of herbivory, including with regard to the attraction of natural enemies. VOCs released by two species of ladybugs can be studied components of the aggregation pheromone, since attractiveness was demonstrated in behavioral bioassays.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A palma é uma importante cultura, principalmente por seu potencial forrageiro, sendo uma alternativa para alimentação de rebanhos quando há escassez de pastagens nativas, inclusive em períodos de seca prolongada. Um dos principais problemas no cultivo da palma forrageira é a infestação de pragas, como a cochonilha em escama, Diaspis echinocacti, que quando não controlada pode causar perdas severas na produtividade, podendo chegar a 100%. O Manejo Integrado é uma alternativa para o controle desta praga e manutenção da produção fora de um dano econômico. Assim sendo, este estudo objetivou avaliar a interação entre a palma forrageira, a cochonilha de escama e dois de seus inimigos naturais, Zagreus bimaculosus e Chilocorus nigrita. Os compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) liberados por dez variedades de palma forrageira, sadias e infestadas por D. echinocacti, assim como os voláteis liberados pelos dois inimigos naturais estudados foram coletados por aeração e extraídos com hexano grau HPLC. Os extratos foram submetidos a bioensaios comportamentais em olfatômetrro Y, para identificação de sua atividade atraente para os inimigos naturais, Z. bimaculosus e C. nigrita, e em seguida submetidos a análises químicas por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM) para identificação dos COVs. Foram realizados testes eletrofisiológicos com Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ao Eletroantenógrafo (CG-EAG) dos extratos que exibiram atividade nos bioensaios comportamentais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as espécies de joaninhas estudadas são atraídas pelos extratos, em sua maioria, após o processo de infestação com D. echinocacti, e que os perfis de emissão dos COVs das dez variedades estudadas diferem entre si. Dentre os COVs identificados nos extratos de Z. bimaculosus e C. nigrita, encontram-se o 1-etil-hexanol, 3,7-dimetil-octanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-decanol, 2-propil-1-heptanol e o farnesol, os quais foram identificados como componentes do feromônio de agregação de coleópteros e como constituintes cuticulares de coleópteros. Observa-se ainda que novos compostos foram encontrados nos extratos das dez variedades de palma forrageira infestadas com a cochonilha de escama, D. echinocacti, dentre estes compostos estão o n-octanal, geranil linalol, linalol, n-nonanal, n-decanal e esqualeno, os quais estão associados a defesa de plantas, inclusive na atração de inimigos naturais. Esses resultados comprovam a importância dos COVs produzidos por plantas para sua defesa, após um processo de herbivoria, inclusive no que diz respeito à atração de inimigos naturais. Os COVs liberados pelas duas espécies de joaninhas estudadas podem ser componentes do feromônio de agregação, uma vez que houve atratividade demonstrada em bioensaios comportamentais.
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Novozámský, Adam. "Střih větru jako nebezpečný jev v letectví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231313.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about wind shear and its influence on aviation. There is wide theoretical description of wind shear and it’s implemented into aviation practice. There are also methods of observation, forecasting and reporting, for both pilots and meteorologist described. In this thesis, pilots can find useful recommendations for dealing with wind shear during the flight. Every reader can also read about famous aviation accidents and look at models of weather that caused those accidents. At the end of thesis there are analyses of a rawiosonde measurements related to wind shear reports. This whole thesis is focused on increasing awareness of wind shear in aviation from angle of view of both pilots and aviation meteorologist.
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Merloti, Karina. "Condensat de Bose-Einstein dans un piège habillé : modes collectifs d'un superfluide en dimension deux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949914.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente la production d'un gaz dégénéré de rubidium 87 dans le régime quasi bidimensionnel (2D) et l'étude des modes collectifs de ce gaz. Nous montrons que le gaz quasi-2D peut être amené en dessous du seuil de la transition Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless. Nous montrons le caractère superfluide du gaz dégénéré par la présence des modes quadrupolaire et ciseaux, dont nous mesurons les fréquences d'oscillation. Son caractère bidimensionnel est vérifié par la mesure de la fréquence du mode monopolaire. Nous mettons en évidence l'influence du confinement transverse et de la troisième dimension sur la fréquence de ce mode. Pour produire le superfluide, un condensat de Bose-Einstein est d'abord produit dans un piège quadrupolaire bouché par un faisceau laser très désaccordé et soigneusement optimisé pour réduire les pertes Majorana par renversement de spin. Le condensat est ensuite transféré vers un "piège habillé", c'est-à-dire un potentiel adiabatique dans lequel les atomes sont habillés par un champ radiofréquence. Pour rendre le piège plus anisotrope, le gradient magnétique est augmenté au maximum, ce qui nous permet d'explorer le régime quasi-2D pour le gaz de Bose. Les deux types de piège utilisés sont caractérisés en détail. Nous tirons parti de la souplesse du potentiel adiabatique pour exciter et étudier les modes collectifs.