Academic literature on the topic 'Boues de phosphate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Boues de phosphate"
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Couillard, D., and M. Chartier. "Influence des caractéristiques des boues digérées en aérobiose sur la solubilisation biologique des métaux." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-065.
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A process for metal removal by thiobacilli was applied to aerobic sludge from three different sources: treated sludge not subjected to phosphate removal, sludge subjected to a FeCl3 phosphate-removal process, and sludge subjected to an alum phosphate-removal process. Solubilization varied, and a number of hypotheses were formulated and tested to explain the results: influence of digestion factors, addition of Percol, metal concentrations of the sludge, and phosphate-removal processes during sludge generation. Sludge digestion and addition of Percol proved not to affect metal solubilization resulting from application of the metal removal process. Solubilized copper concentration was plotted against copper content of the sludge studied, yielding a regression with an r2 of 0.72. For manganese, an r2 of 0.53 was obtained for the same type of regression. The more contaminated the sludge, the higher the element solubilization (%). Copper solubilization correlated with sludge phosphate content (r2 = 0.46), suggesting the phosphate-removal process affected copper solubilization. With manganese, no correlation with phosphate content was established. Under optimum reactor operating conditions, metal content was the main factor in copper and manganese solubilization in the aerobic sludges studied. Key words: heavy metals, biological solubilization, thiobacilli, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, sewage sludge. [Journal translation]
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Jamroz, Dorota, Agnieszka Gajda-Janiak, Zbigniew Wzorek, Zygmunt Kowalski, and Janusz Kubizna. "Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Different Hydrated Monocalcium Phosphates for Broiler Chickens." Annals of Animal Science 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10220-012-0016-4.
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Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Different Hydrated Monocalcium Phosphates for Broiler ChickensThree hydrated monocalcium phosphates differing in purity (with or without monetite, or monetite and calcite) and in crystalline structure were used in broiler chickens diets. The performance indices, concentration of Ca, P and Mg and activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma, the content of these mineral elements in bones, and physico-mechanical parameters of femur and tibia bones were recorded. Body weight on 35th day of life, feed intake and mechanical parameters of bone quality were slightly affected by the type of phosphates used. Higher Ca and P concentration in blood was stated in chickens fed diets with greater purity of phosphates, but activity of alkaline phosphatase has increased with the admixture of monetite or calcite used in phosphates. The best parameters of bone quality were found in the treatment in which hydrated monocalcium phosphate (MCP) with admixture of monetite and calcite was applied. Higher concentration of both Ca and Mg in bone was determined in chickens fed diets with pure phosphates.
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Numata, Yasuko, Toshiro Sakae, Taketoshi Suwa, Hiroshi Nakada, Racquel Z. LeGeros, and Kihei Kobayashi. "Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Bone and Synthetic Calcium Phosphates Using Raman Spectroscopy." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.135.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate synthetic calcium phosphates and animal bones using Raman spectroscopy and explore the possibility of its application in characterizing newly formed bone around implants. Synthetic calcium phosphates (monobasic calcium phosphate, dibasic calcium phosphate, tribasic calcium phosphate, fiber apatite, hydroxyapatite and carbonate hydroxyapatite) and animal bones (from pig, cow, rabbit with and without implants) were analyzed in this study. Slight differences in the Raman bands among the 7 types of synthetic calcium phosphate were observed. Furthermore, a 3 cm-1 difference was noted in the bands of the main PO4 3- in rabbit’s bone formed around the implant, compared to the existing bone, suggesting a difference in the molecular structure between the existing and newly formed bones.
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Afanou, Ablam Lazare, Magnoudewa Bassai Bodjona, Ida Diribissakou, Ayi Kevin Ajavon, Komlavi Hubert Edoh, and Gado Tchangbedji. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des composts élaborés à base des fientes de volaille et des déchets phosphatés du Togo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 7 (February 22, 2024): 2998–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i7.30.
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Le traitement des phosphates naturels du Togo génère des déchets phosphatés (les refus de crible et la boue phosphatée) qui causent d’énormes problèmes environnementaux immédiats. L’objectif de ce travail était de valoriser ces déchets avec les fientes de volaille en compost. Quatre composts ont été élaborés : le compost A constitué de 66,7% de fientes de volaille et 33,3% de boue phosphatée ; le compost B constitué de 66,7% de fientes de volaille et 33,3% de refus de crible ; le compost C constitué de 66,7% de fientes de volailles, 16,7% de boue phosphatée et 16,7% de refus de crible puis le compost D constitué de 100% de fientes de volaille. Tous les composts ont présenté une température supérieure ou égale à 60°C pendant le processus de maturation. Le compost D seul a présenté un rapport C/N >10. Les teneurs en CaO dans les composts variaient de 55,30 à 73,16 mg/gMS et celles en P2O5 variaient de 34,40 à 140 mg/gMS. Les teneurs en Na2O et en K2O variaient respectivement de 15,13 à 24,01 mg/gMS et 12,60 à 36,80 mg/gMS. Tous les composts produits étaient riches en nutriments et pouvaient être utilisés pour restaurer les sols.
English title: Physico-chemical characterization of composts made from poultry droppings and phosphate wastes from Togo
Physico-chemical characterization of composts made from poultry droppings and phosphate wastes from Togo The processing of natural phosphates in Togo generates phosphate wastes (sieve residues and phosphate mud) which cause many immediate environmental problems. The objective of this research work was to recover these wastes with poultry droppings in compost. Four composts have been elaborated: compost A made up of 66.7% poultry droppings and 33.3% phosphate mud; compost B made up of 66.7% poultry droppings and 33.3% sieve residue; compost C made up of 66.7% poultry droppings, 16.7% phosphate mud and 16.7% sieve residue and compost D made up of 100% poultry droppings. All the composts presented a temperature greater than or equal to 60°C during the maturation process. Compost D alone had a C/N ratio of >10. The CaO contents in the composts varied from 55.30 to 73.16 mg/gMS and those of P2O5 varied from 34.40 to 140 mg/gMS. The Na2O and K2O contents varied respectively from 15.13 to 24.01 mg/gMS and 12.60 to 36.80mg/gMS. All the composts produced were rich in nutrients and could be used to refurbish soils.
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Novotny, Etelvino Henrique, Ruben Auccaise, Marcia Helena Rodrigues Velloso, Juliano Corulli Corrêa, Martha Mayumi Higarashi, Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu, José Dilcio Rocha, and Witold Kwapinski. "Characterization of phosphate structures in biochar from swine bones." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 5 (May 2012): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000500006.
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The objective of this work was to develop an alternative methodology to study and characterize the phosphate crystalline properties, directly associated with solubility and plant availability, in biochar from swine bones. Some phosphate symmetry properties of pyrolyzed swine bones were established, using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, principal component analysis, and multivariate curve resolution analysis, on four pyrolyzed samples at different carbonization intensities. Increasing carbonization parameters (temperature or residence time) generates diverse phosphate structures, increasing their symmetry and decreasing the crossed polarizability of the pair ¹H-31P, producing phosphates with, probably, lower solubility than the ones produced at lower carbonization intensity. Additionally, a new methodology is being developed to study and characterize phosphate crystalline properties directly associated with phosphate solubility and availability to plants.
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Irfa’i1, M. A., A. Prihanto, S. Muryanto, R. Ismail, J. Jamari, and A. P. Bayuseno. "CALCINATION AND HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSING OF BOVINES BONES FOR CALCIUM PHOSPHATES EXTRACTION." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 03 (2023): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2023.1638427.
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Bovine bone is a natural resource having valuable calcium phosphate compounds as a potential bioceramics powder feedstock. This study manipulated the calcium phosphates via hydrothermal processes after calcium phosphatecontaining bone was calcined and extracted. Here the resulting powder precursors obtained after calcining at 900 °C for 5 hours were hydrothermally processed for varying times at 110°C (1–5 h), yielding mainly biphasic calcium phosphates (-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) formation with a minute lime according to XRD analysis. Calcination and hydrothermal processing can effectively produce a high amount of hydroxyapatite proportion (> 99 wt.%) with nano crystallite sizes (30-50 nm). After 5-hour calcination, the SEM images revealed the powder product with size uniformity (1 µm) and plate-like morphology. The powdered bovine bone was then subjected to DTA, DTG, and TG analyses to determine its thermal behavior. Calcination temperatures from 300 to 600 OC removed organic compounds and other impurities from powder matrices. Instead, the calcination of bovine bone at temperatures from 800 to 1000 OC supported the result of the stabilized microstructure of calcium-phosphate-bearing minerals, which would make valuable powder feedstock for hydrothermal synthesis. Results of the study demonstrated that simple calcination and subsequent hydrothermal processing of bovine bone providing major hydroxyapatite and minor - tricalcium phosphate would get a depth insight into calcium phosphate resource recovery and recycling.
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Postic, Srdjan. "Calcium phosphate crystal forms in human jaw bones of changed osteoporotic structure." Serbian Dental Journal 58, no. 1 (2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1101023p.
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Introduction. Calcium phosphates are chemical compounds that can be found in various forms within nature, as well as in human jaws and bones. The aim of this study was to assess the structure of solid chemical compounds which form the structure of normal and osteoporotic jaw-bones. Materials and Methods. The jaw-bones taken from human cadavers were used in the study. Crystalographic forms of calcium phosphate, in the samples of human jaw-bone, were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The experimental bone samples originated from osteoporotic jaw-bone of cadavers while control samples were taken from dentate jaw-bones of non-osteoporotic cadavers. Results. The results of this study showed that hydroxyapatite was the only phase determined in control non-osteoporotic bone samples. In experimental (osteoporotic) bone samples, the same phase was registered, as well as calcium monophosphate and hydrated calcium phosphate, registered as increments of values on ? axis. Conclusion. Hydroxyapatite was the only compound detected in normal bone while osteoporotic bone contained others crystallographic forms of calcium phosphates.
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Pang, Boqi, Jiaru Xian, Jiajun Chen, Liqi Ng, Mengting Li, Guangchun Zhao, Yixun E, et al. "Cuttlefish Bone-Derived Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics Have Enhanced Osteogenic Properties." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 8 (July 29, 2024): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb15080212.
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Cuttlefish bones are byproducts of cuttlefish processing and are readily available in the marine food industry. In this study, calcium phosphate bioceramics were prepared from cuttlefish bones using a two-stage hydrothermal calcination process. The results indicated that all bioceramics derived from cuttlefish bones had a higher degradation capacity, better bone-like apatite formation ability, and higher degree of osteogenic differentiation than commercially available hydroxyapatite. Notably, β-tricalcium phosphate, which had the highest degree of Ca2+ and Sr2+ dissolution among the bioceramics extracted, can significantly upregulate osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin) and stimulate bone matrix mineralization. Thus, it is a promising bioceramic material for applications in bone regeneration.
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Enax, Joachim, Frederic Meyer, Erik Schulze zur Wiesche, and Matthias Epple. "On the Application of Calcium Phosphate Micro- and Nanoparticles as Food Additive." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 4075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224075.
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The human body needs calcium and phosphate as essential nutrients to grow bones and teeth, but they are also necessary for many other biochemical purposes (e.g., the biosynthesis of phospholipids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, or DNA). The use of solid calcium phosphate in particle form as a food additive is reviewed and discussed in terms of bioavailability and its safety after ingestion. The fact that all calcium phosphates, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, are soluble in the acidic environment of the stomach, regardless of the particle size or phase, means that they are present as dissolved ions after passing through the stomach. These dissolved ions cannot be distinguished from a mixture of calcium and phosphate ions that were ingested separately, e.g., from cheese or milk together with soft drinks or meat. Milk, including human breast milk, is a natural source of calcium and phosphate in which calcium phosphate is present as nanoscopic clusters (nanoparticles) inside casein (protein) micelles. It is concluded that calcium phosphates are generally safe as food additives, also in baby formula.
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Subasinghe, Nalaka Deepal. "Electron Microscopic Studies on Phosphate Binding Processes in the Presence of Iron." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.307.
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Phosphates are widely used as a substitute material for bones and teeth in medical sciences. It is known that phosphate and iron have a strong affinity for each other. In this study, process of formation of iron phosphate was closely monitored using scanning electron microscope equipped with backscatter electron image and energy dispersive X-ray imaging facilities. Different stages of formation of the iron-phosphate material in an environment rich in phosphate and iron were observed. Initial stage of absorbing iron on phosphate-rich substrate is the most important stage of the entire process. X-ray mapping provides strong visual evidence to track down the dispersion of major elements during this process.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Boues de phosphate"
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Loutou, Mohamed. "Granulats à base de boues de phosphates : transformations thermiques, propriétés physiques et application." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0016/document.
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Des agrégats à base des boues de phosphate de la zone de Gantour ( Youssoufia,Maroc) sont cuits à des températures comprises entre 900 et 1200°C, et examinés par différentes techniques (DRX, MEB, analyses thermique et dilatométrique, et spectroscopie d’impédance). Les propriétés physiques des agrégats (retrait, absorption d’eau et résistance à la compression) sont mesurées et corrélées, dans certains cas, aux facteurs expérimentaux(température, temps de cuisson, teneur de l’additif), et ce en utilisant la méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale.Les agrégats amendés à l’argile smectitique sont le siège de formation de la gehlénite. Dans ce cas, la fluorapatite a partiellement résisté au traitement thermique, et a été le siège d’une ségrégation localisée. Les mesures d'impédance ont bien mis en évidence l'étape principale du frittage, lequel s’est produit par écoulement de la masse fondue. En se basant sur les valeurs de la densité, les granulats cuits à 900 et à 1100°C pouvaient bien être considérés comme des agrégats légers.Les études menées sur les agrégats des mélanges : argile kaolinitique-boue, cendre boue,et argile kaolinitique-cendre-boue ont montré la présence de la labradorite, et d’une masse fondue, qui semblait se former, entre autres, de la fusion de la fluorapatite. Par ailleurs,l'utilisation de la méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale a permis d'évaluer le poids des effets des facteurs expérimentaux sur les propriétés physiques des agrégats. Des granulats légers (1,02 < densité < 2,1 g/cm3) et résistants sont préparés avec succès dans les conditions expérimentales adoptées. Les granulats ayant le meilleur rapport résistance / densité sont ceux du mélange ternaire.Concernant le volet application, les résultats ont montré que l’utilisation des agrégats en construction est possible et que l’association d’agrégats légers au sol a permis d’activer la croissance des plants de la luzerne. D’un autre côté, l'absorption du phosphore par les racines(1,45 mg/g maximum) des plantes était meilleure dans le cas du mélange contenant de l’argilePhosphate sludge generated from beneficiation plants of Moroccan phosphate rocks was investigated at the range [900-1200°C] by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis dilatometric analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Mixtures of the phosphates ludge and amendments such as a swelling clay (up to 30 wt.% of the clay), a kaolinitic clay (up to 40 wt.% of the sludge) and a fly ash (65.5 wt.% of the ash) were investigated and their properties (shrinkage, density, water absorption and compressive strength) were measured as a function of temperature and clay addition. The results showed that gehlénite neoformed from lime of decomposed carbonates and breakdown products of clay minerals in the first mixture while labradorite/anorthite was the only neoformed phase in the other blends. Also fluoroapatite (original mineral) resisted heating until fusion in almost samples. A new approach based on the methodology of the experimental design was adopted to assess the effect of the processing factors on the studied properties. The measured properties were mainly controlled by temperature, and the effect of clay addition was less regular. Considering the mixtures densities lightweight agglomerates can be produced at specific conditions. On the other hand, the release ability of phosphorus by LWAs in the presence ofalfalfa plants has been performed. It was found that due to the release of phosphorus by soil embedded pellets the growth of alfalfa plants improved. The sintering process of blends of phosphate sludge and a naturally occurring clay material (0-30 wt.%) was investigated in the range 650-1100°C by using impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the sintering process was effective between 750 and 1000°C and occurred by melt flow
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Loutou, Mohamed. "Granulats à base de boues de phosphates : transformations thermiques, propriétés physiques et application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0016.
Full textAbstract:
Des agrégats à base des boues de phosphate de la zone de Gantour ( Youssoufia,Maroc) sont cuits à des températures comprises entre 900 et 1200°C, et examinés par différentes techniques (DRX, MEB, analyses thermique et dilatométrique, et spectroscopie d’impédance). Les propriétés physiques des agrégats (retrait, absorption d’eau et résistance à la compression) sont mesurées et corrélées, dans certains cas, aux facteurs expérimentaux(température, temps de cuisson, teneur de l’additif), et ce en utilisant la méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale.Les agrégats amendés à l’argile smectitique sont le siège de formation de la gehlénite. Dans ce cas, la fluorapatite a partiellement résisté au traitement thermique, et a été le siège d’une ségrégation localisée. Les mesures d'impédance ont bien mis en évidence l'étape principale du frittage, lequel s’est produit par écoulement de la masse fondue. En se basant sur les valeurs de la densité, les granulats cuits à 900 et à 1100°C pouvaient bien être considérés comme des agrégats légers.Les études menées sur les agrégats des mélanges : argile kaolinitique-boue, cendre boue,et argile kaolinitique-cendre-boue ont montré la présence de la labradorite, et d’une masse fondue, qui semblait se former, entre autres, de la fusion de la fluorapatite. Par ailleurs,l'utilisation de la méthodologie de la recherche expérimentale a permis d'évaluer le poids des effets des facteurs expérimentaux sur les propriétés physiques des agrégats. Des granulats légers (1,02 < densité < 2,1 g/cm3) et résistants sont préparés avec succès dans les conditions expérimentales adoptées. Les granulats ayant le meilleur rapport résistance / densité sont ceux du mélange ternaire.Concernant le volet application, les résultats ont montré que l’utilisation des agrégats en construction est possible et que l’association d’agrégats légers au sol a permis d’activer la croissance des plants de la luzerne. D’un autre côté, l'absorption du phosphore par les racines(1,45 mg/g maximum) des plantes était meilleure dans le cas du mélange contenant de l’argilePhosphate sludge generated from beneficiation plants of Moroccan phosphate rocks was investigated at the range [900-1200°C] by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis dilatometric analysis and impedance spectroscopy. Mixtures of the phosphates ludge and amendments such as a swelling clay (up to 30 wt.% of the clay), a kaolinitic clay (up to 40 wt.% of the sludge) and a fly ash (65.5 wt.% of the ash) were investigated and their properties (shrinkage, density, water absorption and compressive strength) were measured as a function of temperature and clay addition. The results showed that gehlénite neoformed from lime of decomposed carbonates and breakdown products of clay minerals in the first mixture while labradorite/anorthite was the only neoformed phase in the other blends. Also fluoroapatite (original mineral) resisted heating until fusion in almost samples. A new approach based on the methodology of the experimental design was adopted to assess the effect of the processing factors on the studied properties. The measured properties were mainly controlled by temperature, and the effect of clay addition was less regular. Considering the mixtures densities lightweight agglomerates can be produced at specific conditions. On the other hand, the release ability of phosphorus by LWAs in the presence ofalfalfa plants has been performed. It was found that due to the release of phosphorus by soil embedded pellets the growth of alfalfa plants improved. The sintering process of blends of phosphate sludge and a naturally occurring clay material (0-30 wt.%) was investigated in the range 650-1100°C by using impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the sintering process was effective between 750 and 1000°C and occurred by melt flow
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Ait, Hak Sara. "Procédés verts et durables pour la valorisation des sous-produits du phosphate : récupération des terres rares et au-delà." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5027.
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Cette thèse explore des méthodes innovantes pour la récupération des éléments terres rares (ÉTRs) à partir de sous-produits de l'industrie du phosphate, notamment les boues de phosphate (BP), le phosphogypse (PG) et les boues d'évaporation (BE), dans le but de renforcer les chaînes d'approvisionnement en ÉTRs et de promouvoir la durabilité environnementale. Une revue de littérature approfondie établit les bases pour l'application de techniques expérimentales avancées, y compris la concentration saline, la lixiviation dépendante du pH, la flottation, et la précipitation et cristallisation fractionnées. L'étude intègre également des outils de simulation contemporains tels que CHEMCHAUD et la Méthodologie de Surface de Réponse avec le Design Box-Behnken, optimisant les données pour une récupération efficace des ÉTRs et le recyclage des sous-produits. Une avancée significative de cette recherche est le développement d'un processus qui augmente la concentration des ÉTRs dans les BP de 0,0418 % à 2,8 % en oxydes de terres rares (OTRs), et parallèlement récupère efficacement le carbonate de calcium et le silicate de haute pureté. De manière similaire, pour le PG et les BE, un processus unifié a été développé. Ce processus augmente les concentrations d'ÉTRs de 0,036 % et 0,1 % à 40 % et 80 % d'OTRs, dans le PG et les BE respectivement. Ce processus assure le recyclage complet des sous-produits grâce à la récupération de sulfate de calcium et de fluorosilicate de sodium de haute pureté. L'évaluation technico-économique réalisée à l'aide d'Aspen Plus, en se concentrant sur le procédé de valorisation du PG, confirme la viabilité économique du procédé. La recherche préconise l'élargissement de ces techniques à des mises en œuvre pilotes, démontrant leurs avantages pratiques et leur durabilité. En intégrant la recherche scientifique avec des solutions aux défis environnementaux et industriels, cette thèse fait progresser le savoir académique et mène la voie vers des pratiques durables qui répondent aux enjeux mondiaux contemporainsThis thesis explores innovative methods for recovering rare earth elements (REEs) from byproducts of the phosphate industry, specifically phosphate sludge (PS), phosphogypsum (PG), and evaporation sludge (ES), aiming to enhance REEs supply chains and promote environmental sustainability. A thorough literature review lays the groundwork for the application of advanced experimental techniques, including saline concentration, pH-dependent leaching, flotation, and fractional precipitation and crystallization. The study further incorporates contemporary simulation tools such as CHEMCHAUD and Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design, optimizing data for effective REEs recovery and by-product recycling. A significant breakthrough in this research is the development of a process that enhances REEs concentration in PS from an initial 0.0418 % REEs to 2.8 % rare earth oxides (REOs), alongside the efficient recovery of high-purity calcium carbonate and silicate. Similarly, for PG and ES, which exhibit comparable properties, a unified process has been developed. This process increases REEs concentrations to 40 % and 80 % REOs from initial concentrations of 0.036 % and 0.1 % REEs, for PG and ES respectively. This process ensures the complete recycling of byproducts through the recovery of high-purity calcium sulfate and sodium fluosilicate. Techno-economic assessments performed using Aspen Plus, particularly focusing on the PG valorization process, confirm the economic viability of the developed process. The research advocates for the scaling of these techniques to pilot implementations, demonstrating their practical benefits and sustainability. By integrating scientific research with solutions to environmental and industrial challenges, this thesis advances academic knowledge and spearheads sustainable practices that address contemporary global issues
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Elsamrani, Antoine. "Traitement des eaux pluviales par coagulation-floculation : speciation des éléments traces, influence des anions complexants, et recherche sur le devenir des boues à partir du système de silice-phosphate-FeCl[indice]3." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_ELSAMRANI_A.pdf.
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Les objectifs de la thése sont d'optimiser le traitement de coagulation-floculation des eaux pluviales et d'identifier les principales phases porteuses des éléments traces dans les boues du traitement. L'identification des phases porteuses et la quantification de leur abondance ont été réalisées en utilisant la microscopie électronique à balayage et à transmission couplées à la spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive des rayons X. L'extraction parallèle des métaux lourds par ajout des réactifs appropriés a été utilisée pour une quantification de ceux-ci au sein de chaque fraction physico-chimique. On montre que les métaux lourds s'accumulent principalement au sein de phases sulfures dans les dépôts des réseaux unitaires et que celles-ci sont remise en suspension en temps pluvieux. Des signatures du lessivage des sols, des surfaces urbaines, et des dépôts des réseaux unitaires ont été mises en évidence. L'optimisation du traitement de coagulation-floculation des eaux pluviales a été abordée en reliant la concentration optimale en coagulant aux paramètres physicochimiques de l'effluent, tout en s'assurant de l'adéquation d'un tel traitement pour l'élimination des métaux lourds. La concentration optimale en coagulant peut être ajustée rapidement en fonction de la conductivité des effluents, celle-ci étant correlée linairement avec la concentration optimale. On montre également que la nature des espèces coagulantes est fortement influencée par les réactions entre les espèces hydrolysées du fer et les anions complexants dans les suspensions.
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Zhang, Li Ming. "Caractérisation et biodisponibilité du phosphore de trois types de boues d'épuration urbaines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL064N.
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Les boues d'épuration représentent une importante source de P pour les cultures. Cependant, la biodisponibilité de P et l'aptitude des boues à améliorer la fertilité phosphatée des sols sont mal connues. Nous avons déterminé, à l'aide de méthodes chimiques et isotopiques 32PO4), la valeur phosphatée de trois types de boues (boue thermique, boue floculée et boue aérobie prolongée) dans un sol riche et un sol pauvre en P assimilable. On a caractérisé les formes du P des boues, l'effet des boues sur la dynamique du P du sol et mesuré l'efficacité du P des boues pour une plante test (Lolium perenne L. ) par rapport à un engrais soluble (phosphate monocalcique (PMC). Les résultats montrent que la majorité du P (63%) de la boue thermique est sous forme de calcium-P. Cette boue contient très peu de P assimilable, entraine la plus faible augmentation de P assimilable du sol et présente la plus faible efficacité par rapport au PMC. La boue d'aération prolongée contient une grande proportion de P extractible par H2O et par NaHCO3 (40%). Elle présente la meilleure efficacité. Dans la boue floculée, une importante partie (38%) du P est fortement adsorbée par les polymères cationiques. Cette boue présente une efficacité intermédiaire. La valeur phosphatée des boues d'épuration est donc inferieure à celle des engrais P solubles dans l'eau mais supérieure à celle de la plupart des engrais P insolubles dans l'eau. Cependant, cette valeur phosphatée dépend étroitement du traitement subi par la boue
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Guivarch, Armel. "Valeur fertilisante à court terme du phosphore des boues de stations d'épuration urbaines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL033N.
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Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d'évaluer, d'analyser et d'expliquer la variabilité de la valeur fertilisante (VF) du phosphore (P) de boues de stations d'épuration urbaines. La teneur moyenne de 80 échantillons de boues est de 20 g P kg-1 MS dont environ 85% sous forme minérale. La répartition des ions P entre phase solide et solution dépend fortement des traitements subis par les boues; la quantité d'ions P en solution avoisine 0. 001 g P kg-1 MS pour les boues chaulées et 10 gP kg-1 MS pour certaines boues biologiques. Des cultures de ray-grass en pots sous serre ont été réalisées sur deux sols traités avec des boues. Le traçage isotopique des ions P du sol a permis de distinguer l'origine (sol ou boue) du P absorbé. Une part de la variabilité des VF est liée au choix de l'indicateur de biodisponibilité du P. L'évaluation la plus fiable de la biodisponibilité du P pour une boue donnée est obtenue en considérant la contribution relative du P apporté à la nutrition phosphatée (Pdff). La VF varie entre 36 et 110% (valeur moyenne 83%) dans 45 situations solxboue incluant des études antérieures. Le P des boues biologiques avec ou non un traitement spécifique de déphosphatation, et celui des boues physico-chimiques, a une biodisponibilité proche de celle du P minéral soluble (VF moyenne de 87%). Sur ces boues, l'apport de sels de fer et la digestion tendent toutefois à diminuer la VF alors que le chaulage, même massif, n'a aucun effet. Le compostage et le conditionnement thermique (45 min à 195ʿC sous 18 bars) des boues diminuent sensiblement leur VF. Pour ces dernières, la VF diminue avec leur teneur en fer et augmente avec l' acidité du sol. Il y a une relation significative étroite entre le Pdff et la variation relative des quantités d'ions P transférés entre le sol et la solution après et avant l'ajout de la boue au sol. Il est dès lors possible d'évaluer simplement et rapidement la VF des boues par une méthode d'incubation des sols en conditions standardisées.
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Redmond, Jean Patricia. "Ethnic differences in calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708405.
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Joseph, Claude-Alla. "Potentiel de recyclage agricole des boues d'épuration et des cendres de combustion des boues municipales ou agroalimentaires en Amérique du Nord." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36796.
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Les biosolides et les cendres de combustion de boues (CCB) constituent des sources importantes d’éléments nutritifs (particulièrement l’azote et/ou le phosphore). Bien que plusieurs auteurs aient étudié la disponibilité de ces éléments dans les biosolides, ces études se sont concentrées sur des produits spécifiques et réalisées dans des conditions expérimentales différentes, générant des résultats très diversifiés. Ainsi, il n’existe actuellement aucun modèle de prédiction de la disponibilité de ces éléments pour les cultures. Concernant les CCB, elles ont été largement caractérisées chimiquement au cours des dernières années, mais il existe très peu d'études sur la réponse des cultures à cette source de phosphore. Cette étude fournit des modèles de prédiction de la disponibilité de l’azote et du phosphore dans ces produits afin d’améliorer l'efficacité de leur recyclage agricole et éviter les risques environnementaux. Deux modèles d’évaluation et de classification de la biodisponibilité de l’azote et du phosphore dans les biosolides ont été élaborés à partir des données de la littérature scientifique nationale et internationale. Le potentiel fertilisant de 12 CCB provenant de monoincinérateurs situés au Canada et aux États-Unis a été également testé dans une expérimentation réalisée en serre en utilisant deux types de sol. Ensuite, la modélisation par la méthode de forêt aléatoire a été utilisée pour déterminer un indicateur de prédiction de la disponibilité du P dans les CCB. En fonction du rapport C/N, la disponibilité de l’azote dans les matières résiduelles fertilisantes a été classée en deux grands systèmes : un minéralisateur et un immobilisateur, pour un total de six sous-systèmes: i) forte minéralisation : coefficient d’efficacité relative de l’azote (CERN) de +66% et C/N≤5, ii) minéralisation moyenne : CERN de +33% et 5Biosolids and sludges incinerated ashes (SIA) are valuables sources of nutrients (N, P) and organics matter. During the last decades, a considerable amount of research has been done on biosolids nutrients availability after their application onto agricultural land. But these studies are focused on specific products and performed under different experimental conditions, generating very different results. Therefore, so far, no model has been proposed to predict nitrogen and phosphorus plant availability for biosolids land application. Although the chemical characterization of SIA has been widely examined, there are only a few studies regarding crop responses to this source of P. This study has generated prediction models to evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus plant availability in these products in order to improve their agricultural recycling and avoid environmental risks of pollution. Data were collected from national and international literature in order to design two models to assess and classify nitrogen and phosphorus availability in SIA. Twelve SIA from mono-incinerators located in Canada and the USA were tested for their fertilizing potential in a greenhouse experiment. Then, random forest modeling was used to find out an indicator of prediction of SIA phosphorus availability. Depending on the C/N ratio of non-composted by-products, six categories were defined. i) high mineralization: +66 % relative N effectiveness (RNE) and 5 ≤ C/N, ii) moderate mineralization: +33 % RNE and 5 < C/N ≤ 16, iii) low mineralization: +9 % RNE and 16 < C/N ≤ 38, iv) low immobilization: −9% RNE and 38 < C/N ≤ 90, v) moderate immobilization: −27 % RNE and 90 < C/N ≤ 140, and vi) high immobilization: −55 % RNE and C/N > 140. According to the total molar concentration of Al and Fe in biosolids, phosphorus availability were divided into 4 classes: i) very high (230-400 mmol kg-1), ii) high (401-1100 mmol kg-1), iii) medium (1101-2800 mmol kg-1), and, iv), and low (2801-5132 mmol kg-1). The biomass increases following an SIA application were as high as 29 % and 59 % more than the control for the sandy loam and clayey soil, respectively, but 40% less than for the triple super phosphate (TSP), for both soils. The ray-grass biomass and P uptake increases due to SIA applications were larger than those of rock phosphate (RP) application in the clayey soil, but similar to those in the sandy loam soil. A similar behavior was observed for P uptake, with a maximum increase of 26 % for the clayey soil, and 165 % for the sandy loam soil. The SIA with a PSP of ≥ 54% significantly increased soil available P stocks and saturation. The random forest modeling shows that oxalate extraction is a practical indicator of prediction of SIA phosphorus availability. Also, this modeling shows that SIA Al content is the most influent factor of this availability.
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Nguyen, Hung Quoc. "Osteoconduction of calcium phosphate thin film on porous-surfaced implants in rabbit tibiae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ34047.pdf.
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Williams, Bristol Marie. "Effects of tricalcium phosphate coated titanium on adjacent early bone formation." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2007. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2007-005-Williams-index.html.
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Thesis (M.S. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007Title from title page screen (viewed on July 28, 2008). Research advisor: Joo L. Ong, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (iv, 36 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-36).
Books on the topic "Boues de phosphate"
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International Workshop on Phosphate and Other Minerals (7th 1985 Marseille, France). Phosphate and mineral homeostasis. New York: Plenum Press, 1986.
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Lewin, Jonathan Stuart. The combined use of Tc-99m-phosphate and Ga-67-citrate imaging in the diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis in children. [New Haven: s.n.], 1985.
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Felix, Bronner, and Peterlik Meinrad, eds. Extra- and intracellular calcium and phosphate regulation: From basic research to clinical medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.
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Bossche, Hugues Vanden. Devenir du phosphore apporté sur les sols et risques de contamination des eaux de surface: Cas des boues de stations d'épuration. Rennes, France: Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS-Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, 2002.
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Rogers, Mike, Graham Russell, and Stuart Ralston. Bisphosphonates. Informa Healthcare, 2002.
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Barrios, Carlos Gerardo Sanchez. FLUX DE PHOSPHORE ET COLLECTE DES BOUES D’UNE PISCICULTURE. Omniscriptum, 2010.
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(Editor), Shaul G. Massry, Michel Olmer (Editor), and Eberhard Ritz (Editor), eds. Phosphate and Mineral Homeostasis (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Springer, 1987.
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Anderson, Paul, Borje Edgar Christopher Nordin, and Howard Arthur Morris. Physiological Basis of Metabolic Bone Disease. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Anderson, Paul, Borje Edgar Christopher Nordin, and Howard Arthur Morris. Physiological Basis of Metabolic Bone Disease. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Boues de phosphate"
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Rayner, Hugh C., Mark E. Thomas, and David V. Milford. "Calcium, Phosphate and Bones: How Bone and Mineral Metabolism is Altered in Kidney Disease." In Understanding Kidney Diseases, 243–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43027-6_16.
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Korlević, Petra, and Matthias Meyer. "Pretreatment: Removing DNA Contamination from Ancient Bones and Teeth Using Sodium Hypochlorite and Phosphate." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 15–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9176-1_2.
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Salazar-García, Domingo C., Christina Warinner, Jelmer W. Eerkens, and Amanda G. Henry. "The Potential of Dental Calculus as a Novel Source of Biological Isotopic Data." In Exploring Human Behavior Through Isotope Analysis, 125–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32268-6_6.
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AbstractStable isotope analysis has become an essential tool in investigations of ancient migration and paleodietary reconstruction. Because the biogeochemistry of bone collagen and apatite is well known, current methods rely almost exclusively on analyses of bones and teeth; however, dental calculus represents a potentially additional biological source of isotopic data from ancient skeletons. Dental calculus is a mineralized bacterial biofilm that forms on the surfaces of teeth. Sampling dental calculus does not damage the dentition and thus can be used in cases where it is not possible to perform destructive analyses of conventional mineralized tissues. Like bone and dentine, dental calculus contains both inorganic and organic components, allowing measurement of C, N, O, H, and Sr isotopes. Additionally, dental calculus forms as serial, non-remodeling laminar accretions on the tooth surface, opening up the possibility of analyzing discrete time points during the lifetime of an individual. However, as a microbial biofilm and not a human tissue, the biochemistry of dental calculus is complex, containing multiple calcium phosphate mineral phases, organic and inorganic food remains, hundreds of human and bacterial proteins, and diverse biomolecules from thousands of endogenous bacterial taxa. Isotopic investigation of dental calculus is still in its infancy, and many questions remain regarding its formation and processes of diagenesis. This chapter (1) reviews the unique advantages presented by dental calculus as a novel source of biological isotopic data, (2) critically evaluates published isotopic studies of dental calculus, and (3) explores the current challenges of dental calculus stable isotope analysis through a case study of an Ancient Puebloan Basketmaker II population from the American Southwest.
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Wykrota, Francisco H. Lanna, Carlos Antônio Garrido, and Leonardo Lanna Wykrota. "Long-Term Critical Evaluation of the Use of Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics in the Reconstructing, Distracting, and Bone Fixing of Exposed Fractures of Long Bones." In Bioceramics 17, 1061–64. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-961-x.1061.
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Miller, Paul D., and Michael Pazianas. "Bones and the Kidney." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e, edited by John A. H. Wass, Wiebke Arlt, and Robert K. Semple, 699–706. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0086.
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Management of osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often very challenging and it should consider the pathophysiology of both disorders. Patients with stage 4–5 CKD are especially at very high risk for fragility fractures and secondary increase in mortality. Discriminating between osteoporosis and CKD-MBD is best accomplished with quantitative bone histomorphometry but biochemical markers of bone turnover, especially intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, also may be helpful. The one renal bone disease where antiresorptive osteoporosis therapies would be potentially unsafe is idiopathic renal adynamic bone disease. The two renal bone diseases where an osteoporosis pharmacological agent would not be advised are osteomalacia and primary hyperparathyroid bone disease which can be excluded by defining the underlying cause of a high bone-specific alkaline phosphatase or defining the cause of a very high intact PTH. If a stage 4–5 CKD patient with fragility fractures is felt to have osteoporosis as the major underlying metabolic bone disease causing fractures, FDA approved pharmacological agents for the treatment of osteoporosis can be beneficial on or off label.
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Herz, Norman, and Ervan G. Garrison. "Soil Phosphate in Archaeological Surveys." In Geological Methods for Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090246.003.0014.
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It has long been recognized that human activity chemically modifies the composition of the soil. This is especially true around ancient settlements that were occupied for relatively long periods of time. In areas that humans have inhabited, soil fertility is higher than in uninhabited areas because of an increase in plant nutrients derived from human and animal waste. Deep dark soils that contrast with neighboring lighter colored soils can define areas of intensive occupation with great precision. Phosphate (PO4-3), an important plant nutrient, is highly concentrated at ancient sites and makes for an increased soil fertility. Arab farmers in the Near East have been known to use soils excavated from archaeological sites to fertilize their agricultural land. The soil phosphate has been derived from animal and human excreta and bones and dead bodies. Phosphate will be especially concentrated where animals have been enclosed. Phosphate found in the soil can be bound chemically in a variety of ways. Since the soil is a dynamic system, its physical and chemical nature will constantly alter over time depending on local and temporal equilibria conditions. The first studies of soil phosphate were by agronomists as a tool for agriculture. The observation that human occupation increased the phosphate concentration was noted at least by 1911 in Egypt as a result of agronomic studies. O. Arrhenius, a Swedish agronomist, made the first attempt to apply phosphate studies to archaeology, in a series of papers beginning in 1929. He concluded that phosphate concentrations could be used to locate abandoned settlement sites, even where no visible evidence remained. Thus, the initial application of soil phosphate analysis to archaeology was as a geochemical exploration tool to locate ancient settlements. Human occupation should increase not only the phosphate found in the soil but also the nitrogen and carbon. These additions result from the decomposition of organic matter, principally human and animal remains and excreta. In desert or agricultural land, phosphorus in the soil ranges from 0.01% to 0.2% in the uppermost 10 cm and nitrogen ranges from 0.1% to 1%.
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Mustaev, Arkady. "Inorganic Phosphate: The Backbone of Life." In Functional Phosphate Materials and Their Applications. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109117.
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Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a crucial role in many biochemical pathways. Broad Pi involvement in the structure and function of biological entities reflects a striking unity of inorganic and organic matter in life processes. Pi functions as a constituent of cellular metabolites as well as a building material for bones in vertebrates and shells in some marine species, owing to the ability of Pi to form robust minerals. Dysregulation of phosphate metabolism causes serious medical disorders, such as osteoporosis, arterial medial calcification, hypophosphatemia, and kidney stone formation. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief but comprehensive overview of inorganic phosphate biology. The chapter aims at a broad audience that includes advanced graduate students and first-year medical students as well as researchers and scientists interested in the basics of Pi bioorganic, biophysical, bioinorganic, and biomedical chemistry. Herein, the author i) describe major Pi functions in current life forms; ii) highlight unique Pi properties that underpin its role in life processes, iii) rationalize the natural choice of Pi for design of biological molecules, and iv) discuss the possible involvement of inorganic phosphate and its minerals in events that led to the emergence of life.
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Mann, Stephen. "Biomineral types and functions." In Biomineralization Principles and Concepts in Bioinorganic Materials Chemistry, 6–23. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198508823.003.0002.
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Abstract Of the 20 to 25 essential elements required by living organisms, H, C, 0, Mg, Si, P, S, Ca, Mn and Fe are common constituents of over 60 different biological minerals. Among these, calcium has a special place since it is not only exceedingly widespread but also the common constituent of familiar skeletal structures such as bones and shells. It is interesting to note at the outset that whereas bones are composed of calcium phosphate, shells are built from calcium carbonate. The reasons for this significant difference are not known. In both cases, however, the inorganic mineral is intimately associated with a complex assemblage of organic macromolecules—the organic matrix—that is of fundamental importance.
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Gittoes, Neil, and Richard Eastell. "Calcium and bone metabolism." In Oxford Handbook of Endocrinology & Diabetes 4e, 499–564. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198851899.003.0006.
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This chapter covers calcium and bone metabolism. It starts with the physiology of bone, investigation of the bones, imaging, mass measurements, and biopsy, then goes on to investigation of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. Urine excretion and calcium-regulating hormones are explained. It goes on to hypercalcaemia, primary hyperparathyroidism and its treatment, vitamin D intoxication, sarcoidosis, and hypocalcaemia. Vitamin D deficiency, Paget’s disease, and inherited disorders of bone are all included. The pathology, epidemiology, presentation, investigation, and treatment of osteoporosis are covered in detail.
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Laycock, John, and Peter Wise. "Calcium regulation, bone, and its metabolic disorders (Physiology)." In Endocrinology Key questions answered, 172–98. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192628466.003.0009.
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Abstract is mostly stored in the bones circulates in the blood partly bound to plasma proteins is present in muscle cells as the crystalline complex hydrated calcium phosphate apatite salt is generally present in cell cytoplasm at a concentration greater than in the blood is an essential component of cell membranes are in dynamic equilibrium with the circulating bound calcium component are transported mainly within the red blood cells in association with a globulin protein are normally present at a concentration of approximately 1.2-1.3 mmol/ litre
Conference papers on the topic "Boues de phosphate"
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"Identification of Calcium and Phosphate Content in Chicken Bones and Duck Bones." In 2nd International Conference Eco-Innovation in Science, Engineering, and Technology. Galaxy Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2021.1407.
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Yanoso, Laura, Justin Jacobson, Tulin Dadali, David Reynolds, and Hani Awad. "Evaluation of Polylactic Acid/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds as Segmental Bone Graft Substitutes." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192978.
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The use of processed structural allografts for treatment of massive segmental defects in long bones can be complicated by poor incorporation and remodeling of the devitalized graft, foreign-body reaction and micro-damage accumulation which often leads to catastrophic graft failure [1]. It is therefore useful to develop a bioengineered, biodegradable scaffold that is able to stimulate healing of the defect region. The use of bioengineered scaffolds has been limited due to their poor mechanical strength that does not permit withstanding large in vivo loads and due to their poor osteoinductive properties. We therefore investigated the use of rigid polylactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PLA/βTCP) composites used in conjunction with osteoinductive factors such as growth hormones (parathyroid hormone (PTH)) and growth factors (bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) & vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) to stimulate bone formation and vessel ingrowth in the segmental defect region. We examined the physical characteristics of the scaffolds, and evaluated their osteoinductive potential in a clinically-relevant mouse model of a femoral segmental defect with or without PTH treatment. Finally, we used an ectopic bone formation model to assess the efficacy of the scaffold in site-specific delivery of bone anabolic factors.
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Murakami, Tamotsu, and Yuki Hamasaki. "Basic Study of Autologous-Bone-Replaceable Artificial Bone Fabrication With Porosity Distribution Using Electrolysis." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28645.
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Recently, the use of bioresorbable materials (e.g., β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)) has enabled the development of autologous-bone-replaceable artificial bones that are degraded and resorbed, i.e., replaced with autologous bone, when placed inside the human body for a sufficiently long duration. Although such autologous-bone replaceability requires high porosity of the artificial bone to promote the ingression of blood vessels and cells, the high porosity reduces the mechanical strength, which leads to disadvantages such as possible fracture after bone substitution surgery. One solution to this problem is to optimally arrange low-porosity portions for mechanical strength and high-porosity portions for autologous-bone replaceability in solid artificial bones. Commercially available artificial bones typically have fixed shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped or cylinder. The use of recent solid freeform fabrication technologies, however, has enabled solid artificial bones with various shapes to be customized for individual medical cases. In this paper, the authors propose a solid freeform fabrication method for autologous-bone-replaceable artificial bones with a porosity distribution. A β-TCP porous artificial bone can be fabricated by placing a slurry consisting of β-TCP powder, water, a peptization reagent and a frother in a mold, drying it to form a solid shape and then sintering it. This β-TCP slurry contains ammonium polyacrylate as the peptization reagent, which is an electrolyte, and ammonia, hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced from its electrolysis. The authors conceived the idea of controlling the foaming of the β-TCP slurry by electrolysis, and of designing and implementing a fabrication system consisting of a fine nozzle with a microscrew for extruding β-TCP slurry as a filament and electrodes for controlling the electrolysis of the slurry. Using this system, we can fabricate a solid shape by drawing two-dimensional sections with the slurry filament and stacking each section, and at the same time vary the porosity by controlling the electric current applied for the electrolysis of the slurry. Using the experimental system, three β-TCP porous samples (approximately 18mm × 18mm × 9mm) of high (71.8%), medium (59.5%) and low (54.6%) porosity are successfully fabricated by applying electric currents of 20mA, 10mA and 0mA, respectively. Then a β-TCP porous sample (approximately 40mm × 10mm × 10mm) with a gradient porosity distribution (from 72.3% to 56.1%) is successfully fabricated by varying the electric current from 0mA to 20mA in a continuous fabrication process. From these results, the authors confirm the efficacy and potential of the proposed approach.
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ENGEL, Wanda, Roseli Fernandes GENNARI, Cauê FERREIRA, and Marcia RIZZUTTO. "IVORY CHARACTERIZATION USING PORTABLE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROMETRY." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.40_abstract_engel.pdf.
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Ivory was commonly used in the manufacture of numerous objects. It refers to the tusk and teeth of animals. Almost all ivory pieces, in the past, found on the market were authentic; however, nowadays, ivory extraction is an illegal practice. Thus, official government and animal protection entities have been fighting intensely against this criminal practice, but the production and sale continue. There are numerous difficulties in identifying the illegal extraction and use of ivory, and the correct characterization is certainly a significant challenge. A proper ivory characterization is an important tool in the fight against ivory extraction once it is possible to trace the piece to the animal and sometimes even to its origin. It is also useful for museums and art collectors to verify the authenticity of the piece. Ivory, also known as the inorganic gemstone, is composed of calcium phosphate, collagen, elastin, and lipids. Different tests can differentiate ivory from bones or celluloid; however, some can damage the piece. Because of that, analytical techniques are preferred. However, the method to be used must have the capability of differencing small differences once the chemical elements present in ivory, bone, or even celluloid are the same. In this work, three analytical methodologies were used to check the possibility of having an alternative test applied on supposed ivory samples. All three methods used, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and vibrational spectrometry techniques (FT-IR and Raman), are portable equipment to facilitate the analysis in situ. FT-IR and Raman spectra obtained had shown differences between bone and ivory samples, indicating the art collector samples are probably ivory. These differences allied with the portability of the analysis can be used as an additional test to be done in ivory and bone-based materials.
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Shikata, Tetsuo, Toshihiko Shiraishi, Kumiko Tanaka, Shin Morishita, and Ryohei Takeuchi. "Effects of Amplitude and Frequency of Vibration Stimulation on Cultured Osteoblasts." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34949.
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Mechanical stimulation to bones affects osteogenesis such as decrease of bone mass of astronauts under zero gravity, walking rehabilitation to bone fracture and fracture repair with ultrasound devices. Bone cells have been reported to sense and response to mechanical stimulation at cellular level morphologically and metabolically. In the view of mechanical vibrations, bone cells are deformed according to mechanical stimulation and their mechanical characteristics. Recently, it was reported that viscoelasticity of cells was measured using tensile and creep tests and that there was likely natural frequency and nonlinearity of cells in the sense of structural dynamics. It suggests that there is effective frequency and amplitude of mechanical stimulation on osteogenesis by bone cells. In this study, sinusoidal inertia force was applied to cultured osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1, and effects of frequency and acceleration amplitude of mechanical vibration on the cells were investigated in respect of cell proliferation, cell morphology, bone matrix generation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression. After the cells were cultured in culture plates in a CO2 incubator for one day and adhered on the cultured plane, vibrating groups of the culture plates were set on an aluminum plate attached to a exciter and cultured under sinusoidal excitation in another incubator separated from non-vibrating groups of the culture plates. Acceleration amplitude and frequency were set to several kinds of conditions. The time evolution of cell density was obtained by counting the number of cells with a hemocytometer. The cell morphology was observed with a phase contrast microscope. Calcium salts generated by the cells were observed by being stained with alizarin red S solution and their images were captured with a CCD camera. The vibrating groups for the cell proliferation and the calcium salts staining were sinusoidally excited for 24 hours a day during 28-day cultivation. Gene expression of ALP was measured by a real-time RT-PCR method. After the vibrating groups for the PCR were excited for 6 hours, the total RNAs were extracted. After reverse transcription, real-time RT-PCR was performed. Gene expression for ALP and a housekeeping gene were determined simultaneously for each sample. Gene levels in each sample were normalized to the measured housekeeping gene levels. As a result, it is shown that saturate cell density becomes high and bone matrix generation is promoted by applying mechanical vibration and that there may be some peaks to frequency and a certain threshold value to acceleration amplitude of mechanical vibration for saturation cell density and bone matrix generation.