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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bounded variation'
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Lind, Martin. "Functions of bounded variation." Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-209.
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The paper begins with a short survey of monotone functions. The functions of bounded variation are introduced and some basic properties of these functions are given. Finally the jump function of a function of bounded variation is defined.
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Lind, Martin. "Functions of Generalized Bounded Variation." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26342.
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This thesis is devoted to the study of different generalizations of the classical conception of a function of bounded variation. First, we study the functions of bounded p-variation introduced by Wiener in 1924. We obtain estimates of the total p-variation (1<p<∞) and other related functionals for a periodic function f in Lp([0,1]) in terms of its Lp-modulus of continuity ω(f;δ)p. These estimates are sharp for any rate of decay of ω(f;δ)p. Moreover, the constant coefficients in them depend on parameters in an optimal way. Inspired by these results, we consider the relationship between the Riesz type generalized variation vp,α(f) (1<p<∞, 0≤α≤1-1/p) and the modulus of p-continuity ω1-1/p(f;δ). These functionals generate scales of spaces that connect the space of functions of bounded p-variation and the Sobolev space Wp1. We prove sharp estimates of vp,α(f) in terms of ω1-1/p(f;δ). In the same direction, we study relations between moduli of p-continuity and q-continuity for 1<p<q<∞. We prove an inequality that estimates ω1-1/p(f;δ) in terms of ω1-1/q(f;δ). The inequality is sharp for any order of decay of ω1-1/q(f;δ). Next, we study another generalization of bounded variation: the so-called bounded Λ-variation, introduced by Waterman in 1972. We investigate relations between the space ΛBV of functions of bounded Λ-variation, and classes of functions defined via integral smoothness properties. In particular, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the embedding of the class Lip(α;p) into ΛBV. This solves a problem of Wang (2009). We consider also functions of two variables. Applying our one-dimensional result, we obtain sharp estimates of the Hardy-Vitali type p-variation of a bivariate function in terms of its mixed modulus of continuity in Lp([0,1]2). Further, we investigate Fubini-type properties of the space Hp(2) of functions of bounded Hardy-Vitali p-variation. This leads us to consider the symmetric mixed norm space Vp[Vp]sym of functions of bounded iterated p-variation. For p>1, we prove that Hp(2) is not embedded into Vp[Vp]sym, and that Vp[Vp]sym is not embedded into Hp(2). In other words, Fubini-type properties completely fail in the class of functions of bounded Hardy-Vitali type p-variation for p>1.Baksidestext The classical concept of the total variation of a function has been extended in several directions. Such extensions find many applications in different areas of mathematics. Consequently, the study of notions of generalized bounded variation forms an important direction in the field of mathematical analysis. This thesis is devoted to the investigation of various properties of functions of generalized bounded variation. In particular, we obtain the following results: sharp relations between spaces of generalized bounded variation and spaces of functions defined by integral smoothness conditions (e.g., Sobolev and Besov spaces); optimal properties of certain scales of function spaces of frac- tional smoothness generated by functionals of variational type; sharp embeddings within the scale of spaces of functions of bounded p-variation; results concerning bivariate functions of bounded p-variation, in particular sharp estimates of total variation in terms of the mixed Lp-modulus of continuity, and Fubini-type properties.
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Spear, Donald W. "The Mean Integral." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500820/.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine properties of the mean integral. The mean integral is compared with the regular integral. If [a;b] is an interval, f is quasicontinuous on [a;b] and g has bounded variation on [a;b], then the man integral of f with respect to g exists on [a;b]. The following theorem is proved. If [a*;b*] and [a;b] each is an interval and h is a function from [a*;b*] into R, then the following two statements are equivalent: 1) If f is a function from [a;b] into [a*;b*], gi is a function from [a;b] into R with bounded variation and (m)∫^b_afdg exists then (m)∫^b_ah(f)dg exists. 2) h is continuous.
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Klumpp, Stephan W. [Verfasser]. "Variation of Friction Drag in Wall-Bounded Flows / Stephan W Klumpp." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1101184388/34.
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Quinn, Eugene P. "On the boundedness character of third-order rational difference equations /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3225327.
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Bellavia, Mark R. "Long term behavior or the positive solutions of the non-autonomous difference equation : x [subscript] n+1 = A [subscript] n [superscript] x [subscript] n-1 [divided by] 1+x [subscript] n, n=0,1,2... /." Link to online version, 2005. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/1117.
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Johan, Filip Rindler Johan Filip. "Lower Semicontinuity and Young Measures for Integral Functionals with Linear Growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4736fa2-ab51-4cb7-b1d9-cbab0ede274b.
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Reinwand, Simon [Verfasser], Jürgen [Gutachter] Appell, Daria [Gutachter] Bugajewska, and Gianluca [Gutachter] Vinti. "Functions of Bounded Variation: Theory, Methods, Applications / Simon Reinwand ; Gutachter: Jürgen Appell, Daria Bugajewska, Gianluca Vinti." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232647632/34.
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Reinhold, Küstner. "Asymptotic zero distribution of orthogonal polynomials with respect to complex measures having argument of bounded variation." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4054.
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On détermine la distribution asymptotique des pôles pour trois types de meilleurs approximants (Padé à l’infini, rationnel en L2 sur le cercle unité, méromorphe dans le disque unité en Lp sur le cercle unité, p>2) de la transformée de Cauchy d’une mesure complexe sous l’hypothèse que le support S de la mesure soit de capacité positive et inclus dans (-1, 1), que la mesure satisfasse une condition de densité et que l’argument de la mesure soit la restriction d’une fonction à variation bornée. Les polynômes dénominateurs des approximants satisfont des relations d’orthogonalité. Au moyen d’un théorème de Kestelman, on obtient des contraintes géométriques pour les zéros qui impliquent que chaque mesure limite faible des mesures de comptage associées à son support inclus dans S. Puis, à l’aide de résultats de la théorie du potentiel dans le plan, on montre que les mesures de comptage convergent faiblement vers la distribution d’équilibre logarithmique respectivement hyperbolique de SWe determine the asymptotic pole distribution for three types of best approximants (Padé at infinity, rational in L2 on the unit circle, meromorphic in the unit disk in Lp on the unit circle, p>2) of the Cauchy transform of a complex measure under the hypothesis that the support S of the measure is of positive capacity and included in (-1 1), that the measure satisfies a density condition and that the argument of the measure is the restriction of a function of bounded variation ? The denominator polynomials of the approximants satisfay orthogonality relations ? By means of a theorem of Kestelman we obtain geometric constraints for the zeros which imply that every weak limit measure of the associated counting measures has support included in S. Then, with the help of results from potential theory in the plane, we show that the counting measures converge weakly to the logarithmic respectively hyperbolic equilibrium distribution of S
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Fleischer, G., R. Gorenflo, and B. Hofmann. "On the Autoconvolution Equation and Total Variation Constraints." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1998. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199801196.
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This paper is concerned with the numerical analysis of the autoconvolution equation
$x*x=y$ restricted to the interval [0,1]. We present a discrete constrained least
squares approach and prove its convergence in $L^p(0,1),1
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Soneji, Parth. "Lower semicontinuity and relaxation in BV of integrals with superlinear growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c7174516-588e-46ae-93dc-56d4a95f1e6f.
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CAMFIELD, CHRISTOPHER SCOTT. "Comparison of BV Norms in Weighted Euclidean Spaces and Metric Measure Spaces." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211551579.
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Piffet, Loïc. "Décomposition d’image par modèles variationnels : débruitage et extraction de texture." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2053/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée dans un premier temps à l’élaboration d’un modèle variationnel dedébruitage d’ordre deux, faisant intervenir l’espace BV 2 des fonctions à hessien borné. Nous nous inspirons ici directement du célèbre modèle de Rudin, Osher et Fatemi (ROF), remplaçant la minimisation de la variation totale de la fonction par la minimisation de la variation totale seconde, c’est à dire la variation totale de ses dérivées. Le but est ici d’obtenir un modèle aussi performant que le modèle ROF, permettant de plus de résoudre le problème de l’effet staircasing que celui-ci engendre. Le modèle que nous étudions ici semble efficace, entraînant toutefois l’apparition d’un léger effet de flou. C’est afin de réduire cet effet que nous introduisons finalement un modèle mixte, permettant d’obtenir des solutions à la fois non constantes par morceaux et sans effet de flou au niveau des détails. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous intéressons au problème d’extraction de texture. Un modèle reconnu comme étant l’un des plus performants est le modèle T V -L1, qui consiste simplement à remplacer dans le modèle ROF la norme L2 du terme d’attache aux données par la norme L1. Nous proposons ici une méthode originale permettant de résoudre ce problème utilisant des méthodes de Lagrangien augmenté. Pour les mêmes raisons que dans le cas du débruitage, nous introduisons également le modèle T V 2-L1, consistant encore une fois à remplacer la variation totale par la variation totale seconde. Un modèle d’extraction de texture mixte est enfin très brièvement introduit. Ce manuscrit est ponctué d’un vaste chapitre dédié aux tests numériquesThis thesis is devoted in a first part to the elaboration of a second order variational modelfor image denoising, using the BV 2 space of bounded hessian functions. We here take a leaf out of the well known Rudin, Osher and Fatemi (ROF) model, where we replace the minimization of the total variation of the function with the minimization of the second order total variation of the function, that is to say the total variation of its partial derivatives. The goal is to get a competitive model with no staircasing effect that generates the ROF model anymore. The model we study seems to be efficient, but generates a blurry effect. In order to deal with it, we introduce a mixed model that permits to get solutions with no staircasing and without blurry effect on details. In a second part, we take an interset to the texture extraction problem. A model known as one of the most efficient is the T V -L1 model. It just consits in replacing the L2 norm of the fitting data term with the L1 norm.We propose here an original way to solve this problem by the use of augmented Lagrangian methods. For the same reason than for the denoising case, we also take an interest to the T V 2-L1 model, replacing again the total variation of the function by the second order total variation. A mixed model for texture extraction is finally briefly introduced. This manuscript ends with a huge chapter of numerical tests
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Roche, Thomas [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Brokate, Pavel [Akademischer Betreuer] Krejčí, and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Mielke. "Rate independent evolution processes on functions of bounded variation / Thomas Roche. Gutachter: Pavel Krejci ; Alexander Mielke ; Martin Brokate. Betreuer: Martin Brokate." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1047883473/34.
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Bedford, Stephen James. "Calculus of variations and its application to liquid crystals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2004679-5644-485c-bd35-544448f53f6a.
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The thesis concerns the mathematical study of the calculus of variations and its application to liquid crystals. In the first chapter we examine vectorial problems in the calculus of variations with an additional pointwise constraint so that any admissible function n ε W1,1(ΩM), and M is a manifold of suitable regularity. We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for any given state n to be a strong or weak local minimiser of I. This is achieved using a nearest point projection mapping in order to use the more classical results which apply in the absence of a constraint. In the subsequent chapters we study various static continuum theories of liquid crystals. More specifically we look to explain a particular cholesteric fingerprint pattern observed by HP Labs. We begin in Chapter 2 by focusing on a specific cholesteric liquid crystal problem using the theory originally derived by Oseen and Frank. We find the global minimisers for general elastic constants amongst admissible functions which only depend on a single variable. Using the one-constant approximation for the Oseen-Frank free energy, we then show that these states are global minimisers of the three-dimensional problem if the pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal is sufficiently long. Chapter 3 concerns the application of the results from the first chapter to the situations investigated in the second. The local stability of the one-dimensional states are quantified, analytically and numerically, and in doing so we unearth potential shortcomings of the classical Oseen-Frank theory. In Chapter 4, we ascertain some equivalence results between the continuum theories of Oseen and Frank, Ericksen, and Landau and de Gennes. We do so by proving lifting results, building on the work of Ball and Zarnescu, which relate the regularity of line and vector fields. The results prove to be interesting as they show that for a director theory to respect the head to tail symmetry of the liquid crystal molecules, the appropriate function space for the director field is S BV2 (Ω,S2,/sup>). We take this idea and in the final chapter we propose a mathematical model of liquid crystals based upon the Oseen-Frank free energy but using special functions of bounded variation. We establish the existence of a minimiser, forms of the Euler-Lagrange equation, and find solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equation in some simple cases. Finally we use our proposed model to re-examine the same problems from Chapter 2. By doing so we extend the analysis we were able to achieve using Sobolev spaces and predict the existence of multi-dimensional minimisers consistent with the known experimental properties of high-chirality cholesteric liquid crystals.
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Richter, Matthias, Hans-Jörg Starkloff, and Ralf Wunderlich. "Price models with weakly correlated processes." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200401285.
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Empirical autocorrelation functions of returns of stochastic price processes show
phenomena of correlation on small intervals of time, which decay to zero after a
short time. The paper deals with the concept of weakly correlated random processes to describe a mathematical model which takes into account this behaviour of
statistical data. Weakly correlated functions have been applied to model numerous
problems of physics and engineering. The main idea is, that the values of the functions at two points are uncorrelated if the distance between the points exceeds a
certain quantity epsilon > 0. In contrast to the white noise model, for distances smaller
than epsilon a correlation between the values is permitted.
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Lima, Amanda de. "Cohomologia e propriedades estocásticas de transformações expansoras e observáveis lipschitzianos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-08052007-135433/.
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Provamos o Teorema do Limite Central para transformações expansoras por pedaços em um intervalo e observáveis com variação limitada. Utilizamos a abordagem desenvolvida por R. Rousseau-Egele, como apresentada por A. Broise. O método da demonstração se baseia no estudo de pertubações do operador de transferência de Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius. Uma contribuição original é dada no último capítulo, onde provamos que, para transformações markovianas expansoras, todos os observáveis não constantes, contínuos e com variação limitada não são infinitamente cohomólogos à zero, generalizando um resultado de Bamón, Rivera-Letelier, Urzúa and Kiwi para observáveis lipschitzianos e transformações \'z POT. n\' . A demonstração se baseia na teoria dos operadores de Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius desenvolvida nos capítulos anterioresWe prove the Central Limit Theorem for piecewise expanding interval transformations and observables with bounded variation, using the approach of J.Rousseau-Egele as described by A. Broise. This approach makes use of pertubations of the so-called Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius transfer operator. An original contribution is given in the last chapter, where we prove that for Markovian expanding interval maps all observables which are non constant, continuous and have bounded variation are not infinitely cohomologous with zero, generalizing a result by Bamón, Rivera-Letelier, Urzúa and Kiwi for Lipschitzian observables and the transformations \'z POT. n\' . Our demosntration uses the theory of Ruelle-Perron-Frobenius operators developed in the previos chapters
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Polat, Faruk. "On The Generalizations And Properties Of Abramovich-wickstead Spaces." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610166/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study two problems. The first problem is to introduce the general version of Abramovich-Wickstead type spaces and investigate its order properties. In particular, we study the ideals, order bounded sets, disjointness properties, Dedekind completion and the norm properties of this Riesz space. We also define a new concrete example of Riesz space-valued uniformly continuous functions, denoted by CDr0 which generalizes the original Abramovich-Wickstead space. It is also shown that similar spaces CD0 and CDw introduced earlier by Alpay and Ercan are decomposable lattice-normed spaces. The second problem is related to analytic representations of different classes of dominated operators on these spaces. Our main representation theorems say that regular linear operators on CDr0 or linear dominated operators on CD0 may be represented as the sum of integration with respect to operator-valued measure and summation operation. In the case when the operator is order continuous or bo-continuous, then these representations reduce to discrete parts.
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Ossman, Hala. "Etude mathématique de la convergence de la PGD variationnelle dans certains espaces fonctionnels." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS006/document.
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On s’intéresse dans cette thèse à la PGD (Proper Generalized Decomposition), l’une des méthodes de réduction de modèles qui consiste à chercher, a priori, la solution d’une équation aux dérivées partielles sous forme de variables séparées. Ce travail est formé de cinq chapitres dans lesquels on vise à étendre la PGD aux espaces fractionnaires et aux espaces des fonctions à variation bornée, et à donner des interprétations théoriques de cette méthode pour une classe de problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques. Dans le premier chapitre, on fait un bref aperçu sur la littérature puis on présente les notions et outils mathématiques utilisés dans le corps de la thèse. Dans le second chapitre, la convergence des suites des directions alternées (AM) pour une classe de problèmes variationnels elliptiques est étudiée. Sous une condition de non-orthogonalité uniforme entre les itérés et le terme source, on montre que ces suites sont en général bornées et compactes. Alors, si en particulier la suite (AM) converge faiblement alors elle converge fortement et la limite serait la solution du problème de minimisation alternée. Dans le troisième chapitre, on introduit la notion des dérivées fractionnaires au sens de Riemann-Liouville puis on considère un problème variationnel qui est une généralisation d’ordre fractionnaire de l’équation de Poisson. En se basant sur la nature quadratique et la décomposabilité de l’énergie associée, on démontre que la suite PGD progressive converge fortement vers la solution faible de ce problème. Dans le quatrième chapitre, on profite de la structure tensorielle des espaces BV par rapport à la topologie faible étoile pour définir les suites PGD dans ce type d’espaces. La convergence de telle suite reste une question ouverte. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à l’équation de la chaleur d-dimensionnelle, où on discrétise en temps puis à chaque pas de temps on cherche la solution de l’équation elliptique en utilisant la PGD. On montre alors que la fonction affine par morceaux en temps obtenue à partir des solutions construites en utilisant la PGD converge vers la solution faible de l’équationIn this thesis, we are interested in the PGD (Proper Generalized Decomposition), one of the reduced order models which consists in searching, a priori, the solution of a partial differential equation in a separated form. This work is composed of five chapters in which we aim to extend the PGD to the fractional spaces and the spaces of functions of bounded variation and to give theoretical interpretations of this method for a class of elliptic and parabolic problems. In the first chapter, we give a brief review of the litterature and then we introduce the mathematical notions and tools used in this work. In the second chapter, the convergence of rank-one alternating minimisation AM algorithms for a class of variational linear elliptic equations is studied. We show that rank-one AM sequences are in general bounded in the ambient Hilbert space and are compact if a uniform non-orthogonality condition between iterates and the reaction term is fulfilled. In particular, if a rank-one (AM) sequence is weakly convergent then it converges strongly and the common limit is a solution of the alternating minimization problem. In the third chapter, we introduce the notion of fractional derivatives in the sense of Riemann-Liouville and then we consider a variational problem which is a generalization of fractional order of the Poisson equation. Basing on the quadratic nature and the decomposability of the associated energy, we prove that the progressive PGD sequence converges strongly towards the weak solution of this problem. In the fourth chapter, we benefit from tensorial structure of the spaces BV with respect to the weak-star topology to define the PGD sequences in this type of spaces. The convergence of this sequence remains an open question. The last chapter is devoted to the d-dimensional heat equation, we discretize in time and then at each time step one seeks the solution of the elliptic equation using the PGD. Then, we show that the piecewise linear function in time obtained from the solutions constructed using the PGD converges to the weak solution of the equation
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Ferreira, Rita Alexandra Gonçalves. "Spectral and homogenization problems." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7856.
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Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in MathematicsFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the Carnegie Mellon | Portugal Program under Grant SFRH/BD/35695/2007, the Financiamento Base 20010 ISFL–1–297, PTDC/MAT/109973/2009 and UTA
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Papafitsoros, Konstantinos. "Novel higher order regularisation methods for image reconstruction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246692.
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In this thesis we study novel higher order total variation-based variational methods for digital image reconstruction. These methods are formulated in the context of Tikhonov regularisation. We focus on regularisation techniques in which the regulariser incorporates second order derivatives or a sophisticated combination of first and second order derivatives. The introduction of higher order derivatives in the regularisation process has been shown to be an advantage over the classical first order case, i.e., total variation regularisation, as classical artifacts such as the staircasing effect are significantly reduced or totally eliminated. Also in image inpainting the introduction of higher order derivatives in the regulariser turns out to be crucial to achieve interpolation across large gaps. First, we introduce, analyse and implement a combined first and second order regularisation method with applications in image denoising, deblurring and inpainting. The method, numerically realised by the split Bregman algorithm, is computationally efficient and capable of giving comparable results with total generalised variation (TGV), a state of the art higher order method. An additional experimental analysis is performed for image inpainting and an online demo is provided on the IPOL website (Image Processing Online). We also compute and study properties of exact solutions of the one dimensional total generalised variation problem with L^{2} data fitting term, for simple piecewise affine data functions, with or without jumps . This gives an insight on how this type of regularisation behaves and unravels the role of the TGV parameters. Finally, we introduce, study and analyse a novel non-local Hessian functional. We prove localisations of the non-local Hessian to the local analogue in several topologies and our analysis results in derivative-free characterisations of higher order Sobolev and BV spaces. An alternative formulation of a non-local Hessian functional is also introduced which is able to produce piecewise affine reconstructions in image denoising, outperforming TGV.
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Goncalves-Ferreira, Rita Alexandria. "Spectral and Homogenization Problems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/83.
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In this dissertation we will address two types of homogenization problems. The first one is a spectral problem in the realm of lower dimensional theories, whose physical motivation is the study of waves propagation in a domain of very small thickness and where it is introduced a very thin net of heterogeneities. Precisely, we consider an elliptic operator with "ε-periodic coefficients and the corresponding Dirichlet spectral problem in a three-dimensional bounded domain of small thickness δ. We study the asymptotic behavior of the spectrum as ε and δ tend to zero. This asymptotic behavior depends crucially on whether ε and δ are of the same order (δ ≈ ε), or ε is of order smaller than that of δ (δ = ετ , τ < 1), or ε is of order greater than that of δ (δ = ετ , τ > 1). We consider all three cases.
The second problem concerns the study of multiscale homogenization problems with linear growth, aimed at the identification of effective energies for composite materials in the presence of fracture or cracks. Precisely, we characterize (n+1)-scale limit pairs (u,U) of sequences {(uεLN⌊Ω,Duε⌊Ω)}ε>0 ⊂ M(Ω;ℝd) × M(Ω;ℝd×N) whenever {uε}ε>0 is a bounded sequence in BV (Ω;ℝd). Using this characterization, we study the asymptotic behavior of periodically oscillating functionals with linear growth, defined in the space BV of functions of bounded variation and described by n ∈ ℕ microscales
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Jalalzai, Khalid. "Regularization of inverse problems in image processing." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00787790.
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Les problèmes inverses consistent à retrouver une donnée qui a été transformée ou perturbée. Ils nécessitent une régularisation puisque mal posés. En traitement d'images, la variation totale en tant qu'outil de régularisation a l'avantage de préserver les discontinuités tout en créant des zones lisses, résultats établis dans cette thèse dans un cadre continu et pour des énergies générales. En outre, nous proposons et étudions une variante de la variation totale. Nous établissons une formulation duale qui nous permet de démontrer que cette variante coïncide avec la variation totale sur des ensembles de périmètre fini. Ces dernières années les méthodes non-locales exploitant les auto-similarités dans les images ont connu un succès particulier. Nous adaptons cette approche au problème de complétion de spectre pour des problèmes inverses généraux. La dernière partie est consacrée aux aspects algorithmiques inhérents à l'optimisation des énergies convexes considérées. Nous étudions la convergence et la complexité d'une famille récente d'algorithmes dits Primal-Dual.
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Galerne, Bruno. "Stochastic image models and texture synthesis." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595283.
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Cette thèse est une étude de modèles d'image aléatoires avec des applications en synthèse de texture.Dans la première partie de la thèse, des algorithmes de synthèse de texture basés sur le modèle shot noise sont développés. Dans le cadre discret, deux processus aléatoires, à savoir le shot noise discret asymptotique et le bruit à phase aléatoire, sont étudiés. On élabore ensuite un algorithme rapide de synthèse de texture basé sur ces processus. De nombreuses expériences démontrent que cet algorithme permet de reproduire une certaine classe de textures naturelles que l'on nomme micro-textures. Dans le cadre continu, la convergence gaussienne des modèles shot noise est étudiée d'avantage et de nouvelles bornes pour la vitesse de cette convergence sont établies. Enfin, on présente un nouvel algorithme de synthèse de texture procédurale par l'exemple basé sur le récent modèle Gabor noise. Cet algorithme permet de calculer automatiquement un modèle procédural représentant des micro-textures naturelles.La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée à l'étude du processus feuilles mortes transparentes (FMT), un nouveau modèle germes-grains obtenu en superposant des objets semi-transparents. Le résultat principal de cette partie montre que, lorsque la transparence des objets varie, le processus FMT fournit une famille de modèles variant du modèle feuilles mortes à un champ gaussien. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, les champs aléatoires à variation bornés sont étudiés et on établit des résultats généraux sur le calcul de la variation totale moyenne de ces champs. En particulier, ces résultats généraux permettent de calculer le périmètre moyen des ensembles aléatoires et de calculer explicitement la variation totale moyenne des modèles germes-grains classiques.
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Silva, Letícia dos Santos [UNESP]. "Resultados de existência de solução para problemas elípticos no espaço das funções de variação limitada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152881.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho mostra-se a existência de solução de variação limitada para um problema envolvendo o operador 1− Laplaciano em um domínio exterior com condição de fronteira de Dirichlet. Para isso, será usada uma versão do Teorema do Passo da Montanha adequada a funcionais localmente lipschitzianos. As dificuldades na implementação de métodos variacionais no espaço das funções de variação limitada são múltiplas, entre elas, a falta de reflexividade, dificuldade de se usar condições de compacidade como a de Palais-Smale e ainda a falta de regularidade do funcional energia.
In this work we prove existence of bounded variation solution for a problem involving the 1-Laplacian operator in an exterior domain with Dirichlet boundary condition. For this, a version of the Mountain Pass Theorem to locally Lipschitz functionals is used. There are many difficulties in implementing variational methods in the space of limited variation functions, among them, lack of reflexivity, difficulty in using compactness conditions such as Palais-Smale and the lack of regularity of the functional energy.
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Modenesi, Bernardo Andrade Lyrio. "Bounds on policy relevant parameters with discrete policy variation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13857.
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When estimating policy parameters, also known as treatment effects, the assignment to treatment mechanism almost always causes endogeneity and thus bias many of these policy parameters estimates. Additionally, heterogeneity in program impacts is more likely to be the norm than the exception for most social programs. In situations where these issues are present, the Marginal Treatment Effect (MTE) parameter estimation makes use of an instrument to avoid assignment bias and simultaneously to account for heterogeneous effects throughout individuals. Although this parameter is point identified in the literature, the assumptions required for identification may be strong. Given that, we use weaker assumptions in order to partially identify the MTE, i.e. to stablish a methodology for MTE bounds estimation, implementing it computationally and showing results from Monte Carlo simulations. The partial identification we perfom requires the MTE to be a monotone function over the propensity score, which is a reasonable assumption on several economics' examples, and the simulation results shows it is possible to get informative even in restricted cases where point identification is lost. Additionally, in situations where estimated bounds are not informative and the traditional point identification is lost, we suggest a more generic method to point estimate MTE using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Invese Matrix, achieving better results than traditional methods.
A estimação de parâmetros relevantes no contexto de intervenções políticas, também conhecidos como efeitos de tratamento, enfrenta diversos problemas práticos como o viés relacionado ao mecanismo de atribuição do status de tratamento. Adicionalmente, efeitos heterogênos na literatura de Avaliação de Impactos é mais comum que efeitos homogêneos. Em situações nas quais estes problemas estão presentes, a estimação do Efeito Marginal de Tratamento (MTE) emprega o método de variáveis instrumentais para contornar o viés de seleção ao tratamento, obtendo ao mesmo tempo efeitos heterogêneos. Mesmo que a literatura identifique pontualmente este parâmetro, as hipóteses por trás da identificação são costumeiramente restritivas. Neste trabalho pretende-se afrouxar as hipóteses vigentes na literatura de modo a obter identificação parcial do MTE, requerendo apenas monotonicidade do mesmo ao longo das diferentes propensões ao tratamento, o que é comum em diversos exemplos da literatura econômica. Simulações de Monte Carlo são performadas, resultando em limites para o MTE que se mostram informativos, mesmo em situações restritas nas quais a tradicional identificação pontual é perdida. Complementarmente, em situações quando a identificação parcial não é informativa e a tradicional ponto identificação é perdida, propomos a ponto identificação utilizando a matrix pseudo inversa de Moore-Penrose. Esta metodologia prescinde da hipótese de monotonicidade e resulta em melhores estimativas quando comparada aos métodos tradicionais.
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Larsson, David. "Generalized Riemann Integration : Killing Two Birds with One Stone?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematik och tillämpad matematik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96661.
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Since the time of Cauchy, integration theory has in the main been an attempt to regain the Eden of Newton. In that idyllic time [. . . ] derivatives and integrals were [. . . ] different aspects of the same thing. -Peter Bullen, as quoted in [24] The theory of integration has gone through many changes in the past centuries and, in particular, there has been a tension between the Riemann and the Lebesgue approach to integration. Riemann's definition is often the first integral to be introduced in undergraduate studies, while Lebesgue's integral is more powerful but also more complicated and its methods are often postponed until graduate or advanced undergraduate studies. The integral presented in this paper is due to the work of Ralph Henstock and Jaroslav Kurzweil. By a simple exchange of the criterion for integrability in Riemann's definition a powerful integral with many properties of the Lebesgue integral was found. Further, the generalized Riemann integral expands the class of integrable functions with respect to Lebesgue integrals, while there is a characterization of the Lebesgue integral in terms of absolute integrability. As this definition expands the class of functions beyond absolutely integrable functions, some theorems become more cumbersome to prove in contrast to elegant results in Lebesgue's theory and some important properties in composition are lost. Further, it is not as easily abstracted as the Lebesgue integral. Therefore, the generalized Riemann integral should be thought of as a complement to Lebesgue's definition and not as a replacement.Ända sedan Cauchys tid har integrationsteori i huvudsak varit ett försök att åter finna Newtons Eden. Under den idylliska perioden [. . . ] var derivator och integraler [. . . ] olika sidor av samma mynt.-Peter Bullen, citerad i [24] Under de senaste århundradena har integrationsteori genomgått många förändringar och framförallt har det funnits en spänning mellan Riemanns och Lebesgues respektive angreppssätt till integration. Riemanns definition är ofta den första integral som möter en student pa grundutbildningen, medan Lebesgues integral är kraftfullare. Eftersom Lebesgues definition är mer komplicerad introduceras den först i forskarutbildnings- eller avancerade grundutbildningskurser. Integralen som framställs i det här examensarbetet utvecklades av Ralph Henstock och Jaroslav Kurzweil. Genom att på ett enkelt sätt ändra kriteriet for integrerbarhet i Riemanns definition finner vi en kraftfull integral med många av Lebesgueintegralens egenskaper. Vidare utvidgar den generaliserade Riemannintegralen klassen av integrerbara funktioner i jämförelse med Lebesgueintegralen, medan vi samtidigt erhåller en karaktärisering av Lebesgueintegralen i termer av absolutintegrerbarhet. Eftersom klassen av generaliserat Riemannintegrerbara funktioner är större än de absolutintegrerbara funktionerna blir vissa satser mer omständiga att bevisa i jämforelse med eleganta resultat i Lebesgues teori. Därtill förloras vissa viktiga egenskaper vid sammansättning av funktioner och även möjligheten till abstraktion försvåras. Integralen ska alltså ses som ett komplement till Lebesgues definition och inte en ersättning.
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Marmorino, Matthew G. "Lower bounds to eigenvalues by the method of arbitrary choice without truncation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79725.
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After a detailed discussion of the variation theorem for upper bound calculation of eigenvalues, many standard procedures for determining lower bounds to eigenvalues are presented with chemical applications in mind. A new lower bound method, arbitrary choice without trunctation is presented and tested on the helium atom. This method is attractive because it does not require knowledge of the eigenvalues or eigenvectors of the base problem. In application, however, it is shown that the method is disappointing for two reasons: 1) the method does not guarantee improved bounds as calculational effort is increased; and 2) the method requires some a priori information which, in general, may not be available. A possible direction for future work is pointed out in the end.
An extension of a lower bound method by Calogero and Marchioro has been developed and is presented in appendix G along with comments on the effective field method in appendix H for Virginia Tech access only.Ph. D.
To avoid copyright infringements, access to these three appendices (G, H, and I) has been permanently limited to the Virginia Tech campus. In the case that Virginia Tech places these appendices freely on the internet, Virginia Tech is solely responsible for copyright violations.
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Ding, Bingfeng. "Variational particle-antiparticle bound states in the scalar Yukawa model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59128.pdf.
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Newman, Steven Paul. "Spatial and temporal variation in diet and prey preference of nursery-bound juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) at Bimini, Bahamas." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2757.
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Prey selection has never been determined in an elasmobranch, primarily because of the large home ranges possessed by adults making accurate quantification of prey in the environment problematic. Juvenile lemon sharks spend their first few years of life within protected nursery grounds, enabling the first quantification of prey selection due to the restricted area that they inhabit. Growth and survival of juvenile lemon sharks strongly influences adult fitness and recruitment, and therefore prey selection may play an important role in the life history of lemon sharks. The selection of a preferred species or size of prey by juvenile lemon sharks was determined by comparing the proportions of prey in the diet with proportions of prey in the environment at Bimini, Bahamas, between March 2000 and March 2003. The diet of lemon sharks was quantitatively described from the analysis of 642 shark stomachs (54.7 ± 0.3 cm precaudal length PCL, mean ± S.E., range 43.5 to 90.0 cm), of which 396 (62 %) contained food items. The main prey of juvenile lemon sharks at Bimini were mojarras (69% index of relative importance, IRI), parrotfish (5.5 % IRI), swimming crabs (5.1 %) and barracuda (3.1 % IRI). The yellowfin mojarra Gerres cinereus was the main prey of lemon sharks regardless of location, season, shark size or sex. Contingency table analysis revealed the diet of juvenile lemon sharks to be specific to location (χ² = 65.54, p < 0.0001), but homogeneous with season (χ² = 17.91, p = 0.118), shark size (χ² = 64.36, Ρ = 0.057) and shark sex (χ² = 13.21, Ρ = 0.354). Prey sizes were measured where possible, or calculated using least squares linear regression equations relating bone or carapace dimensions with original size. Original size was obtained for 350 dietary items, with 85 % calculated using bone regressions. Juvenile lemon sharks demonstrated no significant spatial or temporal variation in the size of prey consumed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student's t-tests, Ρ > 0.05), but juveniles over 60.0 cm PCL consumed significantly larger prey than smaller sharks (ANOVA, Ρ < 0.001). Bone-length regressions also enabled a more accurate estimate of meal size (2.17 ± 0.17 % BW, mean± S.E., range 0.01 to 21.4 % BW, n = 407) and subsequently daily ration, 1.31 - 1.80% BW (depending on shark size), in comparison to traditional back-calculation techniques. Forty-three blocknets, 540 seine nets and 498 trawls were closed to sample mangrove and seagrass communities, resulting in the capture, identification and measurement of 216,150 fish and macro invertebrates. Catches were extrapolated over the entire study area providing an estimate of population sizes. Prey preference was estimated using chi-square residuals and a traditional electivity index. Values and rankings of selection varied with technique, but both revealed similar trends in prey preference. Proportions of prey families and prey sizes in the diet of lemon sharks from Bimini were significantly different to those found in the environment (χ², Ρ < 0.001 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Ρ < 0.001 respectively). Lemon sharks demonstrated a preference for slower moving prey that were easier to capture (e.g. mojarras, toadfish, parrotfish and filefish), while avoiding larger, faster and harder to catch prey. Yellowfin mojarra were consumed in proportion to the distribution of fish lengths in the environment, suggesting that their importance in the diet may be due to preferred sizes in the environment as well as their ease of capture. Lemon shark diet was closely correlated with mangrove communities, demonstrating the importance of mangroves and the need for their protection in the Bahamas. The degree of selection exhibited by juvenile lemon sharks was greatest when prey were more abundant (off South Bimini and in the wet season), suggesting that lemon sharks conform to the optimal foraging theory.
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Ngo, Quang Tien. "Thermo-elasto-plastic uncoupling model of width variation for online application in automotive cold rolling process." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1063/document.
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Afin d'optimiser la mise aux milles au laminage à froid, la thèse consiste à développer un modèle prédictif de variation de largeur à la fois précis et rapide pour des utilisations en temps réel. Des efforts ont commencé en 1960s en développant des formules empiriques. Par la suite, la Méthode des Bornes Supérieures (MBS) est devenue la plus connue. [Oh 1975] utilisant le champ de vitesse 3D "simple" prédit bien la variation de largeur au laminage en conditions d'un tandem finisseur. [Komori 2002] a proposé une combinaison des champs fondamentaux et obtenu une structure informatique peu dépendante aux champs de vitesse. Néanmoins, seuls deux champs fondamentaux ont été introduits qui forment un sous-ensemble de la famille 3D "simple". [Serek 2008] a étudié des champs de vitesse quadratique qui inclue la famille "simple" et donne des meilleurs résultats avec un temps de calcul plus long. Le premier résultat de la thèse est un modèle 2D (MBS) avec des champs de vitesse oscillante. Ce modèle aboutit à une vitesse optimale qui oscille spatialement le long de l'emprise. Les résultats (puissance, vitesse...) sont plus proches des ceux de Lam3-Tec3 que la MBS 2D "simple". Pour une modélisation 3D, nous avons choisi la MBS avec la vitesse 3D "simple" et obtenu un très bon accord avec les expériences réalisées sur des produits étroits à Arcelor Mittal [64]. En outre, un nouveau modèle MBS est développé pour une bande bombée et des cylindres droits. Les résultats montrent que la variation de largeur diminue avec la bombée de la bande et correspondent bien à ceux de Lam3-Tec3. Cependant, la MBS admet un comportement rigide-plastique tandis qu'au laminage des bandes larges les déformations élastique et thermique ont des impacts importants sur la déformation plastique. Les modèles existant prenant en compte ces phénomènes [23,64] sont couteux en temps de calcul. Ainsi, l'idée est de décomposer la variation de la largeur de plastique en trois termes : les variations de largeur totales, élastique et thermique à travers la zone de plastique déterminés par trois nouveaux modèles simplifiés. Les deux premiers permettent d'estimer les variations de largeur élastique et plastique avant et après l'emprise. Ils donnent aussi les conditions aux limites au modèle d'emprise qui est en effet la MBS avec le champ de vitesse 3D "simple" permettant d'estimer la variation de la largeur totale. En outre, avec les puissances de déformation et de dissipation plastique de frottement données par le même modèle, la variation de largeur thermique est également obtenue. Le modèle de variation de largeur est donc appelée UBM-Slab combiné, très rapide (0,05 s) et prédit avec précision la largeur de variation par rapport à Lam3-Tec3 (<6%)In order to save material yields in cold rolling process, the thesis aims at developing a predictive width variation model accurate and fast enough to be used online. Many efforts began in the 1960s in developing empirical formula. Afterward, the Upper Bound Method (UBM ) became more common. [Oh 1975]'s model with 3D "simple" velocity field estimates well the width variation for finishing mill rolling conditions. [Komori 2002] proposed a combination of fundamental ones to obtain a computer program depending minimally on the assumed velocity fields. However, only two fundamental fields were introduced and formed a subset of the "simple" family. [Serek 2008] studied a quadratic velocity family that includes the "simple" one and leads to better results with a higher computing time. Focusing on UBM , the first result of the thesis is a 2D model with an oscillating velocity field family. The model results to an optimum velocity that oscillates spatially throughout the roll-bite. The optimum power and the velocity field are closer to Lam3-Tec3 results than the "simple" one. For 3D modelling, we chose the 3D "simple" UBM and carried a comparison to the experiments performed at Arcelor Mittal using narrow strips [64]. A very good agreement is obtained. Further, a new UBM model is developed for a crowned strip with cylindrical work-rolls. It shows that the width variation decreases as a function of the strip crown and the results match well those of Lam3-Tec3 . However, the UBM considers only a rigid-plastic behaviour while in large strip rolling, the elastic and thermal deformations have important impacts on the plastic one. There exist some models considering these phenomena [23,64] but they are all time-consuming. Thus, the idea is to decompose the plastic width variation into three terms : total, elastic and thermal width variations through the plastic zone that are determined by three new models. The simplified roll-bite entry & exit models allow estimating the elastic and plastic width variations before and after the roll-bite. They give equally the longitudinal stresses defining the boundary conditions for the roll-bite model which is indeed the 3D "simple" UBM approximating the total width variation term. Moreover, with the plastic deformation and friction dissipation powers given by the same model, the thermal width variation term is also obtained. The width variation model, called UBM-Slab combined is very fast (0.05s) and predicts accurately the width variation in comparison with Lam3-Tec3 (<6%)
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Pedercini, Matteo. "Variational-bound finite-element methods for three-dimensional low-Reynolds-number porous media and sedimentation flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35467.
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Tang, Wenbo. "What can variational calculus tell us about ocean turbulence : rigorous bounds on mixing and dissipation in geophysical flows /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3189211.
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Hafiene, Yosra. "Continuum limits of evolution and variational problems on graphs." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC254/document.
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L’opérateur du p-Laplacien non local, l’équation d’évolution et la régularisation variationnelle associées régies par un noyau donné ont des applications dans divers domaines de la science et de l’ingénierie. En particulier, ils sont devenus des outils modernes pour le traitement massif des données (y compris les signaux, les images, la géométrie) et dans les tâches d’apprentissage automatique telles que la classification. En pratique, cependant, ces modèles sont implémentés sous forme discrète (en espace et en temps, ou en espace pour la régularisation variationnelle) comme approximation numérique d’un problème continu, où le noyau est remplacé par la matrice d’adjacence d’un graphe. Pourtant, peu de résultats sur la consistence de ces discrétisations sont disponibles. En particulier, il est largement ouvert de déterminer quand les solutions de l’équation d’évolution ou du problème variationnel des tâches basées sur des graphes convergent (dans un sens approprié) à mesure que le nombre de sommets augmente, vers un objet bien défini dans le domaine continu, et si oui, à quelle vitesse. Dans ce manuscrit, nous posons les bases pour aborder ces questions.En combinant des outils de la théorie des graphes, de l’analyse convexe, de la théorie des semi- groupes non linéaires et des équations d’évolution, nous interprétons rigoureusement la limite continue du problème d’évolution et du problème variationnel du p-Laplacien discrets sur graphes. Plus précisé- ment, nous considérons une suite de graphes (déterministes) convergeant vers un objet connu sous le nom de graphon. Si les problèmes d’évolution et variationnel associés au p-Laplacien continu non local sont discrétisés de manière appropriée sur cette suite de graphes, nous montrons que la suite des solutions des problèmes discrets converge vers la solution du problème continu régi par le graphon, lorsque le nombre de sommets tend vers l’infini. Ce faisant, nous fournissons des bornes d’erreur/consistance.Cela permet à son tour d’établir les taux de convergence pour différents modèles de graphes. En parti- culier, nous mettons en exergue le rôle de la géométrie/régularité des graphons. Pour les séquences de graphes aléatoires, en utilisant des inégalités de déviation (concentration), nous fournissons des taux de convergence nonasymptotiques en probabilité et présentons les différents régimes en fonction de p, de la régularité du graphon et des données initialesThe non-local p-Laplacian operator, the associated evolution equation and variational regularization, governed by a given kernel, have applications in various areas of science and engineering. In particular, they are modern tools for massive data processing (including signals, images, geometry), and machine learning tasks such as classification. In practice, however, these models are implemented in discrete form (in space and time, or in space for variational regularization) as a numerical approximation to a continuous problem, where the kernel is replaced by an adjacency matrix of a graph. Yet, few results on the consistency of these discretization are available. In particular it is largely open to determine when do the solutions of either the evolution equation or the variational problem of graph-based tasks converge (in an appropriate sense), as the number of vertices increases, to a well-defined object in the continuum setting, and if yes, at which rate. In this manuscript, we lay the foundations to address these questions.Combining tools from graph theory, convex analysis, nonlinear semigroup theory and evolution equa- tions, we give a rigorous interpretation to the continuous limit of the discrete nonlocal p-Laplacian evolution and variational problems on graphs. More specifically, we consider a sequence of (determin- istic) graphs converging to a so-called limit object known as the graphon. If the continuous p-Laplacian evolution and variational problems are properly discretized on this graph sequence, we prove that the solutions of the sequence of discrete problems converge to the solution of the continuous problem governed by the graphon, as the number of graph vertices grows to infinity. Along the way, we provide a consistency/error bounds. In turn, this allows to establish the convergence rates for different graph models. In particular, we highlight the role of the graphon geometry/regularity. For random graph se- quences, using sharp deviation inequalities, we deliver nonasymptotic convergence rates in probability and exhibit the different regimes depending on p, the regularity of the graphon and the initial data
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Frolov, Alexei M. "Quantum-mechanical study of few-body systems, a variational study of bound state spectra in three- and four-body systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ38308.pdf.
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Cherief-Abdellatif, Badr-Eddine. "Contributions to the theoretical study of variational inference and robustness." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG001.
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Cette thèse de doctorat traite de l'inférence variationnelle et de la robustesse en statistique et en machine learning. Plus précisément, elle se concentre sur les propriétés statistiques des approximations variationnelles et sur la conception d'algorithmes efficaces pour les calculer de manière séquentielle, et étudie les estimateurs basés sur le Maximum Mean Discrepancy comme règles d'apprentissage qui sont robustes à la mauvaise spécification du modèle.Ces dernières années, l'inférence variationnelle a été largement étudiée du point de vue computationnel, cependant, la littérature n'a accordé que peu d'attention à ses propriétés théoriques jusqu'à très récemment. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la consistence des approximations variationnelles dans divers modèles statistiques et les conditions qui assurent leur consistence. En particulier, nous abordons le cas des modèles de mélange et des réseaux de neurones profonds. Nous justifions également d'un point de vue théorique l'utilisation de la stratégie de maximisation de l'ELBO, un critère numérique qui est largement utilisé dans la communauté VB pour la sélection de modèle et dont l'efficacité a déjà été confirmée en pratique. En outre, l'inférence Bayésienne offre un cadre d'apprentissage en ligne attrayant pour analyser des données séquentielles, et offre des garanties de généralisation qui restent valables même en cas de mauvaise spécification des modèles et en présence d'adversaires. Malheureusement, l'inférence Bayésienne exacte est rarement tractable en pratique et des méthodes d'approximation sont généralement employées, mais ces méthodes préservent-elles les propriétés de généralisation de l'inférence Bayésienne ? Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que c'est effectivement le cas pour certains algorithmes d'inférence variationnelle (VI). Nous proposons de nouveaux algorithmes tempérés en ligne et nous en déduisons des bornes de généralisation. Notre résultat théorique repose sur la convexité de l'objectif variationnel, mais nous soutenons que notre résultat devrait être plus général et présentons des preuves empiriques à l'appui. Notre travail donne des justifications théoriques en faveur des algorithmes en ligne qui s'appuient sur des méthodes Bayésiennes approchées.Une autre question d'intérêt majeur en statistique qui est abordée dans cette thèse est la conception d'une procédure d'estimation universelle. Cette question est d'un intérêt majeur, notamment parce qu'elle conduit à des estimateurs robustes, un thème d'actualité en statistique et en machine learning. Nous abordons le problème de l'estimation universelle en utilisant un estimateur de minimisation de distance basé sur la Maximum Mean Discrepancy. Nous montrons que l'estimateur est robuste à la fois à la dépendance et à la présence de valeurs aberrantes dans le jeu de données. Nous mettons également en évidence les liens qui peuvent exister avec les estimateurs de minimisation de distance utilisant la distance L2. Enfin, nous présentons une étude théorique de l'algorithme de descente de gradient stochastique utilisé pour calculer l'estimateur, et nous étayons nos conclusions par des simulations numériques. Nous proposons également une version Bayésienne de notre estimateur, que nous étudions à la fois d'un point de vue théorique et d'un point de vue computationnelThis PhD thesis deals with variational inference and robustness. More precisely, it focuses on the statistical properties of variational approximations and the design of efficient algorithms for computing them in an online fashion, and investigates Maximum Mean Discrepancy based estimators as learning rules that are robust to model misspecification.In recent years, variational inference has been extensively studied from the computational viewpoint, but only little attention has been put in the literature towards theoretical properties of variational approximations until very recently. In this thesis, we investigate the consistency of variational approximations in various statistical models and the conditions that ensure the consistency of variational approximations. In particular, we tackle the special case of mixture models and deep neural networks. We also justify in theory the use of the ELBO maximization strategy, a model selection criterion that is widely used in the Variational Bayes community and is known to work well in practice.Moreover, Bayesian inference provides an attractive online-learning framework to analyze sequential data, and offers generalization guarantees which hold even under model mismatch and with adversaries. Unfortunately, exact Bayesian inference is rarely feasible in practice and approximation methods are usually employed, but do such methods preserve the generalization properties of Bayesian inference? In this thesis, we show that this is indeed the case for some variational inference algorithms. We propose new online, tempered variational algorithms and derive their generalization bounds. Our theoretical result relies on the convexity of the variational objective, but we argue that our result should hold more generally and present empirical evidence in support of this. Our work presents theoretical justifications in favor of online algorithms that rely on approximate Bayesian methods. Another point that is addressed in this thesis is the design of a universal estimation procedure. This question is of major interest, in particular because it leads to robust estimators, a very hot topic in statistics and machine learning. We tackle the problem of universal estimation using a minimum distance estimator based on the Maximum Mean Discrepancy. We show that the estimator is robust to both dependence and to the presence of outliers in the dataset. We also highlight the connections that may exist with minimum distance estimators using L2-distance. Finally, we provide a theoretical study of the stochastic gradient descent algorithm used to compute the estimator, and we support our findings with numerical simulations. We also propose a Bayesian version of our estimator, that we study from both a theoretical and a computational points of view
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Merdon, Christian. "Aspects of guaranteed error control in computations for partial differential equations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16818.
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Diese Arbeit behandelt garantierte Fehlerkontrolle für elliptische partielle Differentialgleichungen anhand des Poisson-Modellproblems, des Stokes-Problems und des Hindernisproblems. Hierzu werden garantierte obere Schranken für den Energiefehler zwischen exakter Lösung und diskreten Finite-Elemente-Approximationen erster Ordnung entwickelt. Ein verallgemeinerter Ansatz drückt den Energiefehler durch Dualnormen eines oder mehrerer Residuen aus. Hinzu kommen berechenbare Zusatzterme, wie Oszillationen der gegebenen Daten, mit expliziten Konstanten. Für die Abschätzung der Dualnormen der Residuen existieren viele verschiedene Techniken. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich vorrangig mit Equilibrierungsschätzern, basierend auf Raviart-Thomas-Elementen, welche effiziente garantierte obere Schranken ermöglichen. Diese Schätzer werden mit einem Postprocessing-Verfahren kombiniert, das deren Effizienz mit geringem zusätzlichen Rechenaufwand deutlich verbessert. Nichtkonforme Finite-Elemente-Methoden erzeugen zusätzlich ein Inkonsistenzresiduum, dessen Dualnorm mit Hilfe diverser konformer Approximationen abgeschätzt wird. Ein Nebenaspekt der Arbeit betrifft den expliziten residuen-basierten Fehlerschätzer, der für gewöhnlich optimale und leicht zu berechnende Verfeinerungsindikatoren für das adaptive Netzdesign liefert, aber nur schlechte garantierte obere Schranken. Eine neue Variante, die auf den equilibrierten Flüssen des Luce-Wohlmuth-Fehlerschätzers basiert, führt zu stark verbesserten Zuverlässigkeitskonstanten. Eine Vielzahl numerischer Experimente vergleicht alle implementierten Fehlerschätzer und zeigt, dass effiziente und garantierte Fehlerkontrolle in allen vorliegenden Modellproblemen möglich ist. Insbesondere zeigt ein Modellproblem, wie die Fehlerschätzer erweitert werden können, um auch auf Gebieten mit gekrümmten Rändern garantierte obere Schranken zu liefern.This thesis studies guaranteed error control for elliptic partial differential equations on the basis of the Poisson model problem, the Stokes equations and the obstacle problem. The error control derives guaranteed upper bounds for the energy error between the exact solution and different finite element discretisations, namely conforming and nonconforming first-order approximations. The unified approach expresses the energy error by dual norms of one or more residuals plus computable extra terms, such as oscillations of the given data, with explicit constants. There exist various techniques for the estimation of the dual norms of such residuals. This thesis focuses on equilibration error estimators based on Raviart-Thomas finite elements, which permit efficient guaranteed upper bounds. The proposed postprocessing in this thesis considerably increases their efficiency at almost no additional computational costs. Nonconforming finite element methods also give rise to a nonconsistency residual that permits alternative treatment by conforming interpolations. A side aspect concerns the explicit residual-based error estimator that usually yields cheap and optimal refinement indicators for adaptive mesh refinement but not very sharp guaranteed upper bounds. A novel variant of the residual-based error estimator, based on the Luce-Wohlmuth equilibration design, leads to highly improved reliability constants. A large number of numerical experiments compares all implemented error estimators and provides evidence that efficient and guaranteed error control in the energy norm is indeed possible in all model problems under consideration. Particularly, one model problem demonstrates how to extend the error estimators for guaranteed error control on domains with curved boundary.
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Batista, Alex de Moura. "Sobre um Sistema do tipo Schrödinger-Poisson." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7369.
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In this dissertation, we study the existence of two types of non-negative weak solutions for a class of problems of Schrodinger-Poisson type. This kind of problem models, for example, several physical phenomena in quantum mechanics. Initially, by minimization arguments, Splitting Lemma and the Variational Principle of Ekeland we find a weak solution that minimizes the minimum energy level associated to the variety of Nehari N. This is the so-called ground state solution. Afterwards we will find, by using the Linking Theorem, a strictly positive weak solution which is not a ground state solution: the so-called bound state solution.
Nesta dissertação, estudaremos a existência de dois tipos de soluções fracas não negativas para uma classe de problemas do tipo Schrödinger-Poisson, os quais modelam fenômenos físicos, por exemplo, em Mecânica Quântica. Inicialmente, encontraremos através de argumentos de minimização, do Lema Splitting e do Princípio Variacional de Ekeland, uma solução fraca que minimiza o nível de energia mínima associado a variedade de Nehari N. Tal solução é denominada do tipo ground state. Em seguida, encontraremos através do Teorema de Linking, uma solução fraca estritamente positiva que não é do tipo ground state. Tal solução é denominada do tipo bound state.
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Boiger, Wolfgang Josef. "Stabilised finite element approximation for degenerate convex minimisation problems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16790.
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Infimalfolgen nichtkonvexer Variationsprobleme haben aufgrund feiner Oszillationen häufig keinen starken Grenzwert in Sobolevräumen. Diese Oszillationen haben eine physikalische Bedeutung; Finite-Element-Approximationen können sie jedoch im Allgemeinen nicht auflösen. Relaxationsmethoden ersetzen die nichtkonvexe Energie durch ihre (semi)konvexe Hülle. Das entstehende makroskopische Modell ist degeneriert: es ist nicht strikt konvex und hat eventuell mehrere Minimalstellen. Die fehlende Kontrolle der primalen Variablen führt zu Schwierigkeiten bei der a priori und a posteriori Fehlerschätzung, wie der Zuverlässigkeits- Effizienz-Lücke und fehlender starker Konvergenz. Zur Überwindung dieser Schwierigkeiten erweitern Stabilisierungstechniken die relaxierte Energie um einen diskreten, positiv definiten Term. Bartels et al. (IFB, 2004) wenden Stabilisierung auf zweidimensionale Probleme an und beweisen dabei starke Konvergenz der Gradienten. Dieses Ergebnis ist auf glatte Lösungen und quasi-uniforme Netze beschränkt, was adaptive Netzverfeinerungen ausschließt. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt einen modifizierten Stabilisierungsterm und beweist auf unstrukturierten Netzen sowohl Konvergenz der Spannungstensoren, als auch starke Konvergenz der Gradienten für glatte Lösungen. Ferner wird der sogenannte Fluss-Fehlerschätzer hergeleitet und dessen Zuverlässigkeit und Effizienz gezeigt. Für Interface-Probleme mit stückweise glatter Lösung wird eine Verfeinerung des Fehlerschätzers entwickelt, die den Fehler der primalen Variablen und ihres Gradienten beschränkt und so starke Konvergenz der Gradienten sichert. Der verfeinerte Fehlerschätzer konvergiert schneller als der Fluss- Fehlerschätzer, und verringert so die Zuverlässigkeits-Effizienz-Lücke. Numerische Experimente mit fünf Benchmark-Tests der Mikrostruktursimulation und Topologieoptimierung ergänzen und bestätigen die theoretischen Ergebnisse.Infimising sequences of nonconvex variational problems often do not converge strongly in Sobolev spaces due to fine oscillations. These oscillations are physically meaningful; finite element approximations, however, fail to resolve them in general. Relaxation methods replace the nonconvex energy with its (semi)convex hull. This leads to a macroscopic model which is degenerate in the sense that it is not strictly convex and possibly admits multiple minimisers. The lack of control on the primal variable leads to difficulties in the a priori and a posteriori finite element error analysis, such as the reliability-efficiency gap and no strong convergence. To overcome these difficulties, stabilisation techniques add a discrete positive definite term to the relaxed energy. Bartels et al. (IFB, 2004) apply stabilisation to two-dimensional problems and thereby prove strong convergence of gradients. This result is restricted to smooth solutions and quasi-uniform meshes, which prohibit adaptive mesh refinements. This thesis concerns a modified stabilisation term and proves convergence of the stress and, for smooth solutions, strong convergence of gradients, even on unstructured meshes. Furthermore, the thesis derives the so-called flux error estimator and proves its reliability and efficiency. For interface problems with piecewise smooth solutions, a refined version of this error estimator is developed, which provides control of the error of the primal variable and its gradient and thus yields strong convergence of gradients. The refined error estimator converges faster than the flux error estimator and therefore narrows the reliability-efficiency gap. Numerical experiments with five benchmark examples from computational microstructure and topology optimisation complement and confirm the theoretical results.
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Reinwand, Simon. "Functions of Bounded Variation: Theory, Methods, Applications." Doctoral thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-23515.
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Functions of bounded variation are most important in many fields of mathematics. This thesis investigates spaces of functions of bounded variation with one variable of various types, compares them to other classical function spaces and reveals natural “habitats” of BV-functions. New and almost comprehensive results concerning mapping properties like surjectivity and injectivity, several kinds of continuity and compactness of both linear and nonlinear operators between such spaces are given. A new theory about different types of convergence of sequences of such operators is presented in full detail and applied to a new proof for the continuity of the composition operator in the classical BV-space. The abstract results serve as ingredients to solve Hammerstein and Volterra integral equations using fixed point theory. Many criteria guaranteeing the existence and uniqueness of solutions in BV-type spaces are given and later applied to solve boundary and initial value problems in a nonclassical setting. A big emphasis is put on a clear and detailed discussion. Many pictures and synoptic tables help to visualize and summarize the most important ideas. Over 160 examples and counterexamples illustrate the many abstract results and how delicate some of them areFunktionen beschränkter Variation sind in vielen Bereichen der Mathematik besonders wichtig. Diese Dissertation untersucht Räume von Funktionen einer Variable von beschränkter Variation unterschiedlichen Typs, vergleicht sie mit klassischen Funktionenräumen und enthüllt natürliche „Lebensräume“ von BV-Funktionen. Neue und umfassende Ergebnisse über Abbildungseigenschaften wie Surjektivität und Injektivität, verschiedene Arten von Stetigkeit und Kompaktheit von linearen und nichtlinearen Operatoren zwischen solchen Räumen werden präsentiert. Eine neue Theorie über verschiedene Konvergenzarten von solchen Operatoren wird entwickelt und schließlich auf einen neuen Beweis für die Stetigkeit des Kompositionsoperators im klassischen BV-Raum angewendet. Diese abstrakten Ergebnisse dienen als Zutat für die Lösung von Hammerstein- und Volterra-Integralgleichungen mithilfe von Fixpunktsätzen. Diese liefern viele Kriterien, welche die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit von Lösungen garantieren, die sodann auf Anfangs- und Randwertprobleme in einem nichtklassischen Setting angewendet werden. Besonders Augenmerk liegt auf einer klaren und detaillierte Darstellung. Viele Abbildungen und Tabellen helfen, die wichtigsten Ideen zu visualisieren und zusammenzufassen. Über 160 Beispiele und Gegenbeispiele illustrieren die abstrakten Ergebnisse und zeigen deren Grenzen
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"Functions of bounded variation and the isoperimetric inequality." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884417.
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Lin, Jessey.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-80).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
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Morgante, Anthony. "Functions of bounded variation, wavelets, and applications to image processing." Thesis, 2006. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8994/1/MR20730.pdf.
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A common problem in image processing is to decompose an observed image f into a sum u + v , where u represents the more vital features of the image, i.e. the objects, and v represents the textured areas and any noise that may be present. The benefit of such a decomposition is that the " u " component represents a compressed and noise reduced version of the original image f . The space BV of functions of bounded variation has been known to work very well as a model space for the objects in an image because indicator functions of sets whose boundary is finite in length belong to BV . This thesis is aimed at investigating the mathematical properties of the space BV while looking at a very well known "u+v" model, called the ROF model, in which it is assumed that u ✹ BV . More recent work has shown that the optimal pair ( u,v ) to many decomposition problems can be obtained by expanding a given image f into a wavelet basis and performing simple operations on the wavelet coefficients. This thesis will provide a detailed introduction to the theory of orthonormal wavelets, giving some important examples of their effectiveness, as well as showing comparisons of wavelet bases with classical Fourier series
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Ya-Hui, Hua, and 花雅惠. "Pointwise approximation of functions of locally bounded variation via some integral operators." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11028063423873410706.
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Lukic, Milivoje. "Spectral Theory for Generalized Bounded Variation Perturbations of Orthogonal Polynomials and Schrödinger Operators." Thesis, 2011. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/6460/1/Lukic_thesis_print.pdf.
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The purpose of this text is to present some new results in the spectral theory of orthogonal polynomials and Schrodinger operators.
These results concern perturbations of the free Schrodinger operator and of the free case for orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (which corresponds to Verblunsky coefficients equal to 0) and the real line (which corresponds to off-diagonal Jacobi coefficients equal to 1 and diagonal Jacobi coefficients equal to 0).
The condition central to our results is that of generalized bounded variation. This class consists of finite linear combinations of sequences of rotated bounded variation with an L¹ perturbation.
This generalizes both usual bounded variation and expressions of the form λ(x) cos(φx + α) with λ(x) of bounded variation (and, in particular, with λ(x) = xγ, Wigner-von Neumann potentials) as well as their finite linear combinations.
Assuming generalized bounded variation and an Lp condition (with any finite p) on the perturbation, our results show preservation of absolutely continuous spectrum, absence of singular continuous spectrum, and that embedded pure points in the continuous spectrum can only occur in an explicit finite set.
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Chou, Yi-Ming, and 周義銘. "On inequality of Ostrowski''s type for mapping of bounded variation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61126086281539217087.
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博士淡江大學
數學學系博士班
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In this dissertation, it consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, we introduce Ostrowski inequality for function of bounded variation. The inequality |∫_a^b▒〖f(x) dx-(b-a)f(x)〗|≤[1/2 (b-a)+|x-(a+b)/2|] V_a^b (f) holds for all x∈(a,b) where f: [a,b] → R is a mapping of bounded variation on [a,b] and V_a^b (f) is the total variation of f on the interval [a,b]. In the second chapter, we introduce Some established Ostrowski''s type inequalities. In the third chapter, we present some refinements of Ostrowski inequalities. In the forth chapter, we present some particular weighted ostrowski inequality and some particular integral of improved ostrowski Inequality. We get some important results. Some inequalities like the weighted trapezoid inequality for mappings of bounded variation and the ‘weighted Ostrowski inequality for mappings of bounded variation. Finally, we discuss Some Particular integral inequality about my main results.
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"Minimizing the mass of the codimension-two skeleton of a convex, volume-one polyhedral region." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/70436.
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In this paper we establish the existence and partial regularity of a (d-2)-dimensional edge-length minimizing polyhedron in [Special characters omitted.] . The minimizer is a generalized convex polytope of volume one which is the limit of a minimizing sequence of polytopes converging in the Hausdorff metric. We show that the (d-2)-dimensional edge-length ζ d -2 is lower-semicontinuous under this sequential convergence. Here the edge set of the limit generalized polytope is a closed subset of the boundary whose complement in the boundary consists of countably many relatively open planar regions.
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Hung, Ming-How, and 洪明皓. "On two-point open Newton-Cotes quadrature formula for mappings of bounded variation and its applications." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69967863911812760292.
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Álamo, Miguel del. "Multiscale Total Variation Estimators for Regression and Inverse Problems." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C148-2.
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Mombo, Mingandza Patrick Landry. "Le théorème de lebesgue sur la dérivabilité des fonctions à variation bornée." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6912.
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Dans ce mémoire, nous traiterons du théorème de Lebesgue, un des plus frappants
et des plus importants de l'analyse mathématique ; à savoir qu'une fonction
à variation bornée est dérivable presque partout. Le but de ce travail est de fournir,
à part la démonstration souvent proposée dans les cours de la théorie de la
mesure, d'autres démonstrations élaborées avec des outils mathématiques plus
simples. Ma contribution a consisté essentiellement à détailler et à compléter ces
démonstrations, puis à inclure la plupart des figures pour une meilleure lisibilité.
Nous allons maintenant, pour ce théorème qui se présente sous d'autres variantes,
en proposer l'historique et trois démonstrations différentes.In this dissertation, we will be handling a theorem of Lebesgue, one of the most stricking and ultimate of mathematical analysis ; namely a function with bounded variation has a derivative almost everywhere. The aim of our research is to provide, apart from the proof usually offered in measure theory courses, other demontrations achieved with more simple mathematical tools. My contribution was primarily to simplify and to complete these demonstrations, to include the most of the drawings in order to visualize what is being said. For this theorem, which has other presentations, we will give now the history and three different demonstrations.
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Chang, Hung-Hau, and 張宏浩. "Bounded Price Variation Model With Rational Expectation and Price Risk-an Analysis for the Price Policy and Simulation in Taiwan Rice Market." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15330594326134019638.
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