Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bourdieu’s field theory'

Research has demonstrated the crucial role fresh fruit and vegetable consumption plays in maintaining good health. However, most Americans do not consume adequate amounts, and low-income Americans consume the lowest quantities of fresh fruits and vegetables. The Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) and Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP) attempts to rectify this situation by providing vouchers to low-income women, children, and elders that can be used only at farmers’ markets for the purchase of locally grown, fresh fruits and vegetables. Unfortunately, FMNP and SFMNP exhibit variable and often low benefit utilization. This variable and often low benefit utilization is unique among all other federal food assistance programs. Given the importance of fresh fruit and vegetable consumption to health and the incomplete understanding of low-income food-related behaviors, this research endeavored to understand the unique benefit utilization patterns exhibited by FMNP. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Pierre Bourdieu, benefit utilization was conceptualized as an inherently social activity occurring within the field of food acquisition. Through the use of extensive interviews with FMNP and SFMNP officials, field observations, and secondary data analysis, data was collected to determine the relevant capitals and features of the field contributing to benefit utilization. Cultural capital was deemed to be particularly important to benefit utilization vis-à-vis the requirement to enter the subfield of the farmers’ market to redeem their vouchers. Compared to SFMNP participants, FMNP participants exhibited lower and often multiple deficits of the types of cultural capital needed to successfully use the vouchers at farmers’ markets. However, the local fields in which the farmers’ markets operated also had a significant impact on benefit utilization. For example, Appalachian counties exhibited higher rates of benefit utilization that were statistically significant compared to non-Appalachian counties. This resulted in several policy recommendations including the distribution of recipes, interagency collaboration, and repeated opportunities to enter the subfield of the farmers’ market to encourage higher benefit utilization in FMNP and SFMNP.

Drawing on labour process theory and Bourdieu’s field theory, this study explores the challenges that newspapers face in maintaining their relevance to readers in an age where news has been de-commoditised and made readily available on the web. Empirically the study is based on four case studies of incidents where different newspapers were reported to the Press Ombudsman for inaccurate reporting in recent years. In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants from the selected cases. In addition to that, a key informant from the office of the Press Ombudsman was also interviewed to provide further insight into the effectiveness of the Press Code in regulating accuracy in news reporting as well as the challenges that newspapers are faced with in that regard. It is argued that the digitalisation of media increases the tension between the production of news as a public good vs. its delivery as a commodity that has to ensure profit. Media is an essential pillar of democratic South Africa as it provides news to ensure that citizens are informed about issues that concern them and have the ability to make decisions on matters of concern – i.e. a public good. It is therefore crucial that news be reported in an accurate and professional manner adhering to the standards set by the Press Code. Newspapers are faced with the challenge of ensuring a balance between producing news that is accurate and adheres to the set standards outlined in the Press Code while also ensuring that they remain profitable – i.e. news as a commodity. The findings from this study illustrate that all errors are not due to commercial pressure and that newspapers therefore still have room to manoeuvre, put differently, there is room for agency. This implies that newspapers have to come up with strategies to continue to produce news effectively and attempt to avoid errors in news reporting. As is shown, in some instances quality of news can be compromised in the long run, as in the case of sensationalising news stories and headlines. When news is sensationalised, it is reported in an exaggerated manner and this may result in the accuracy of the news story or headline being lost. Pressures existent in the process of news production in addition to inadequate training and inadequately verifying information from news sources were found as some of the challenges in journalists’ and/or editors failures to appropriately apply the Press Code in news reporting. Failure to adhere to and appropriately apply the Press Code results in inaccurate news reporting by newspapers.
Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Sociology
unrestricted

Philosophy
Ph.D.
The notion of social space or field is a central but under-studied category in the philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice. The present study of social space is introduced with a contextual account of spatial models in the social sciences prior to Bourdieu that highlights the aptitude for relational spatial models to capture complex social phenomena. It then demonstrates how social space, as an empirically robust and epistemologically intuitive social-scientific model, facilitates the objective representation as well as the subjective understanding of social phenomena. The central thesis is that Bourdieu's reflexive sociology operates in large part by a multiform engagement with the (intuitive or conceptual, but always constructed) apprehension of space, an interpretation that suggests the integration of both physical and social spaces in a unified explanatory framework. A dialectical understanding of the relations between social space and physical space, drawn from the logic of Bourdieu's social theory, is argued for. This philosophical extension of Bourdieu's work is then applied to phenomena in which the reproduction of structures in social space is carried out in and through physical space, and vice versa. Two case studies, the first of office tower districts in contemporary cities and the second of deconstructionist architecture, reveal interactions between social organization and the built environment. The case studies, taken together, also demonstrate the virtue, inherent to a Bourdieuian approach, of explaining both the trends of relative stability and the instances of radical change that are observed in social phenomena.
Temple University--Theses

The research asked the pivotal question - Why do dairy farmers continue to farm? There is currently a lack of recognition for the social, cultural and symbolic merits of family businesses, and the non-economic contributions made to society. In critically reviewing the economic paradigm, which assumes man acts rationally in a world of perfect information, economic theory ignores the role of alternative forms of capital in acquiring power to conduct business successfully. Using Bourdieu's concepts of field, habitus and capital offered sociological insights into small family farm businesses. Bourdieu's generic forms of capital allowed for the appraisal of not only economic capital; but social, cultural and symbolic capital. A qualitative, mixed methods approach was chosen, through a series of ten ethnographic case studies conducted in Staffordshire. Bourdieu's work and qualitative methods allowed the farm to be investigated as a collective social unit. Each case study consisted of participant observation, interviews with the farmer, and where possible spouses and children. The work demonstrates that whilst policy tries to shape how agriculture is conducted, it is not necessarily creating an environment in which farmers can empower themselves, and their business operations; as powerful groups seek to retain their position in the field (dairy industry). Sufficient levels of social, cultural and symbolic capital are vital for family farm business success; defined in economic (wealth) and non-economic (personal development, job satisfaction and lifestyle) parameters. For the farming world, the work extends Bourdieu's theory proposing the need to introduce natural capital. Nature's role in farming is critical and farmers need to utilise and support natural systems. Despite farmers losing control in their field, many have behaved in enterprising ways in order to continue the family farm business. However, farmers need to increase their levels of all forms of capital in order to increase their power and position in society. Consequently, farmers must also protect their levels of capital in order to slow down further decreases in their power in the field.

Le retour d’expatriation dans une perspective du marché du travail externe est un sujet sous-exploré. Nous empruntons la Théorie de la Pratique de Pierre Bourdieu afin de comparer le retour d’expatriation d’agents de carrière français et allemands sur le marché du travail externe de leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre analyse démontre que le capital de carrière, ainsi que le habitus des agents de carrière Français et Allemands, se développent pendant l’expatriation. Ceci a alors un impact important sur la réintégration dans leur champ de carrière d’origine. Notre portefeuille d’éléments bourdieusiens critiques, ainsi que nos deux modèles de variables pour le retour en France et en Allemagne démontrent certaines similarités mais surtout de nombreuses différences concernant le retour sur le champ de carrière allemand et français. Si ces faits témoignent de l’existence de frontières nationales du champ de carrière, nos résultats montrent également que, dans un contexte de mobilité internationale, les règles du jeu changent comparé à un contexte de carrière purement national. Ceci remet alors en question la pertinence des modèles de carrière nationaux pour expliquer le retour d’expatriation dans un contexte franco-allemand. Notre recherche contribue à enrichir la littérature académique en clarifiant, dans un premier temps, les règles du jeu dans un contexte de retour d’expatriation franco-allemand. Elle démontre également que les champs de carrière bourdieusiens ne sont que partiellement autonomes et doivent être considérés en interaction avec les champs économiques et éducatifs afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension entière des mécanismes du retour
Repatriation from an external labor market perspective is a largely under-researched topic. Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice and reconciling the culturalist and institutionalist approach in comparative research, this thesis compares the repatriation of German and French career agents into the external labor markets of their parent country career fields. We found that the German and French career agents’ career capital and habitus develops during expatriation, which has an important impact on the re-integration into the parent country career field. Based on our developed critical portfolio of elements for the successful return into the German and French career fields and resulting from our emerged German and French repatriation models, we found that the re-entry conditions into the German and French career fields are in some parts similar, but more strongly differ. While this indicates the existence of national borders of career fields, our results also show that in an international career mobility context, the rules of the game change compared to the rules in a pure national career context, which challenges the pertinence of national career models in understanding repatriation in our Franco-German context. Our research especially contributes to the existing literature by clarifying the rules of the game in a Franco-German repatriation context and by providing empirical evidence for the only partially autonomous nature of Bourdieuian career fields that must be viewed in interaction with the economic and educational field for creating a complete understanding of the return-mechanisms

Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social action has been the inspiration for an array of diverse health studies seeking to better understand the nature of social stratification and its relation to health behaviours and outcomes. While several of his well-known theoretical concepts, such as social capital, cultural capital and habitus, have garnered a great deal of attention in the health research community, the nature of their application has for the most part been limited to deterministic schemas examining relationships between social position and social action. There are as yet no health-related studies that offer a comprehensive theoretical account of Bourdieu’s ‘constructivist structuralism,’ incorporating all of his theoretical conceptions of field, habitus, capital, doxa and time. In light of these theoretical and empirical oversights, I offer a health-relevant re-envisioning of Bourdieu's expansive body of work and examine the implications of his relational framework for health research. Drawing upon a relational exploratory analytic method called multiple correspondence analysis and using original Canadian survey data from Vancouver and Toronto, Canada, I translate my interpretation of Bourdieu’s theoretical principles into a thoroughly Bourdieusian empirical depiction of a health-relevant three-dimensional geometric social space. The visual mapping of social space revealed seven different groupings of individuals whose common attributes and dispositions are socially patterned around health-related behaviours and outcomes, illuminating distinct spaces of social differentiation within which healthy and unhealthy individuals are located.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of the social field as described by Pierre Bourdieu as well as to explore the possibility of creating a more focused and tailored set of conditions in the form of a model to repurpose the field theory to more clearly be applicable to bilateral negotiations. The methodological approach is conceptual analysis based on the epistemology of critical realism. The supporting theories for the approach are a combination of systemic, chaos and complexity theory while the fundaments for the implementation of the methodological approach are the four main concepts in Bourdieu’s theory of the social field:  the field, habitus, illusio and symbolic capital. One of the main points of repurposing this specific dynamic is to explicitly allow for deliberate human agency within the field. Analytical data consists purely of the secondary type. This essay is not empirically based but rather theoretical and abstract. The paper is founded on the basic principles of macrosociology and presumes social agency where appropriate. This paper focuses on creating a tentative framework model based on repurposed concepts derived from Bourdieu. The results are arguably interesting but are mostly limited to affecting further development of this tentative model and prefacing application of it through attempting to implement it in an analytical manner on empirical data.

No Estado moderno se, por um lado, parece intrínseca a uma ordem jurídica a sua pretensão coercitiva em relação aos diferentes aspectos da vida social, resta evidente que tal ordem deve ser dotada de um atributo de autoridade que lhe garanta primazia em relação a outras ordens (morais, religiosas, pessoais), para que se justifique dotá-la de atributos tão singulares como a coercitividade. A essa autoridade, contudo, no contexto democrático - mais especificamente no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito contemporâneo - cumpre dotar-se de uma legitimidade ou, ao menos, uma aparência de legitimidade suficiente para imprimir efetividade àquela autoridade. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca redefinir, a partir da perspectiva bourdieuniana, a percepção dos principais argumentos de legitimidade e autoridade do Direito - visto não só enquanto ordenamento jurídico, mas principalmente a partir de sua produção no ambiente legislativo, tantas vezes ignorada pela doutrina jurídica que habitualmente toma o direito posto, já legislado, como ponto de partida, neutralizando as disputas do subcampo legislativo e ignorando, em ampla medida, a questão da legitimidade da produção normativa. A pesquisa demonstra, a partir da perspectiva da Teoria da Reprodução Social de Bourdieu & Passeron (1992) que coloca em cheque toda legitimidade, que é aqui vista como mero efeito de uma autoridade, como a própria democracia é um conceito em disputa, e que a legitimidade das ações legislativas, bem como a dos próprios agentes legislativos não pode ser pressuposta.
If, in modern State, the coercive pretension seems intrinsic to the legal order in respect to all the different aspects of social life, it is also evident that such an order must have an authority which guarantees its primacy over other (such as moral, religious or personal orders), so that we are able to justify its singular attributes. To this authority, however, in the democratic context of contemporary State (under the Rule of Law), we must also have at least a notion of legitimacy, enough to give effectiveness to that authority. In this context, the present work seeks to redefine, from the perspective of Bourdieu\'s theory, the perception of the main arguments to law\'s legitimacy and authority - especially in aspects of the legislative work, usually overseen by juridical doctrine that takes law for granted, neutralizing the disputes in legislative field and ignoring to some extent the different critics to legislative legitimacy. Our research demonstrates, from the perspective of the Social Reproduction Theory, developed by Bourdieu & Passeron (1992) and which questions all legitimacy, seen as mere effect of authority, how democracy itself is a concept in dispute, and that the legitimacy of the legislative actions, and that of its agents, can\'t be taken for granted.

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This research aimed to analyze the constitution of the academic field of educational policy in Brazil. This analysis involved the investigation of processes that permeate the history of educational policy as a specific field as well as the identification of temporal boundaries in the constitution process of this field within the Brazilian context. The theoretical framework was based on Pierre Bourdieu’s contributions on the notion of field, authors who point out elements that mark the institutionalization of a particular field (GÓMEZ CAMPO; TENTI FANFANI, 1989; SUASNÁBAR; PALAMIDESSI, 2007), authors that ground the concept of educational policy and its study subjects (BALL, 1994; RIZVI; LINGARD, 2010; among others) as well as studies that discuss aspects of the history and the production of knowledge of the educational policy field (AZEVEDO; AGUIAR, 2001a, 2001b; SANTOS, A. L., 2009; among others). The research was of qualitative nature and characterized as documentary and bibliographic, involving a series of data collection, such as: newsletters and ANPEd conference proceedings; Capes and CNPq documents; curricula of Pedagogy undergraduate courses; records about the history of scientific associations (ANPEd, ANPAE); periodicals, conferences and specific research networks in the field; productions on and about the field of educational policy in Brazil and other countries. In addition to the documentary and bibliographical analysis, this research included an interview with two key-researchers from the academic field of educational policy. It argues that educational policy in Brazil emerges as a specific academic field, after the 1960s, having studies on school administration, educational administration and comparative education as its background. Although the 1960s can be considered the beginning of the emergence of the field over a number of aspects such as the creation of ANPAE, the implementation of Post-Graduation in Brazil, a more frequent use of the term ‘Educational policy(ies)’ in titles of Brazilian publications, an explicit milestone in the institutionalization process in this field, was the creation of GT 5 - State and Educational Policy within the scope of ANPEd (1986/1987). As a product of historical and social conditions, after the 1990s, the field gains more autonomy and legitimacy through the expansion of publications on educational policy; creation of disciplines on educational policy;creation of Post-Graduation research lines and groups; creation of specialized scientific journals; creation of research networks and holding specific scientific conferences related to educational policy. The current context indicates that, in Brazil, the academic field of educational policy is found in an expansion process and in search for consolidation. The research results indicate that it is a field still under construction, with several issues to be resolved towards its consolidation, such as: better definition of its study subjects (as it is characterized as an inclusive and comprehensive field), the expansion of theoretical frameworks for policy analysis, the concept of what educational policy is, the internationalization of educational policy studies, the expansion of the dialogue with political science, social science, economics, as well as the contributions that result from continuous development of social theory, in a broad sense.
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a constituição do campo acadêmico da política educacional no Brasil. Essa análise envolveu a investigação de processos que permeiam a história da política educacional como um campo específico, bem como a identificação de demarcações temporais no processo de constituição desse campo no contexto brasileiro. O referencial teórico baseou-se nas contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu sobre a noção de campo, de autores que apontam elementos que demarcam a institucionalização de um determinado campo (GÓMEZ CAMPO; TENTI FANFANI, 1989; SUASNÁBAR; PALAMIDESSI, 2007), de autores que fundamentam o conceito de política educacional e seus objetos de estudo (BALL, 1994; RIZVI; LINGARD, 2010; entre outros), bem como de estudos que discutem aspectos sobre a história e a produção do conhecimento do campo da política educacional (AZEVEDO; AGUIAR, 2001a, 2001b; SANTOS, A. L., 2009; entre outros). A pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa e caracterizou-se por ser documental e bibliográfica, envolvendo a coleta de uma série de dados, tais como: boletins e anais da ANPEd; documentos da Capes e CNPq; currículos dos cursos de Graduação em Pedagogia;registros sobre a história de associações científicas (ANPEd, ANPAE); periódicos, eventos e redes de pesquisa específicos do campo; produções do e sobre o campo da política educacional no Brasil e em outros países. Além da análise documental e bibliográfica, a pesquisa contou com a entrevista de duas pesquisadoras do campo acadêmico da política educacional. Argumenta-se que a política educacional no Brasil emerge como um campo acadêmico específico, a partir da década de 1960, tendo como antecedentes os estudos sobre administração escolar, administração educacional e educação comparada. Embora a década de 1960 possa ser considerada como início da emergência do campo em detrimento de uma série de aspectos como a criação da ANPAE, a implantação da Pós-Graduação no Brasil, o uso mais frequente do termo “política(s) educacional(is)” em títulos de publicações brasileiras, um marco explícito no processo de institucionalização desse campo foi a criação do GT 5 -Estado e Política Educacional no âmbito da ANPEd (1986/1987). Como produto de condições históricas e sociais, a partir da década de 1990, o campo adquire maior autonomia e legitimação por meio da expansão de publicações sobre política educacional; da criação de disciplinas de/sobre política educacional; da criação de linhas e grupos de pesquisa na Pós-Graduação; da criação de periódicos científicos especializados; da criação de redes de pesquisa; realização de eventos científicos específicos de política educacional. O contexto atual indica que, no Brasil, o campo acadêmico da política educacional encontra-se em fase de expansão e busca de consolidação. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que se trata de um campo em construção, ainda com diversas questões a serem resolvidas com vistas a sua consolidação, tais como: uma melhor definição de seus objetos de estudo (pois se caracteriza como um campo inclusivo e abrangente), a ampliação dos referenciais teóricos para a análise de políticas, a conceituação do que é política educacional, a internacionalização dos estudos de política educacional, a ampliação da interlocução com a ciência política, ciências sociais, economia, bem como com as contribuições que resultam do desenvolvimento contínuo da teoria social, em um sentido amplo.

The field of graphic design is an essential part of the contemporary media and communication  landscape, not least as a result of  digitalization where visual content plays a more important role than ever before. Although influential, little research has been conducted in regards to graphic design. The thesis concerns the field of graphic design in Stockholm and poses two research questions. First, which social dynamics and unwritten rules are possible to discern from the graphic design field of Stockholm? Second, what does the interplay between an agent's position in the field and his/hers individual opinion concerning good graphic design look like?  The theoretical framework is centered around Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and its core concepts such as fields, capital, habitus and doxa. These are fundamental cornerstones for the thesis as a whole and used as an analytical framework. Furthermore, six qualitative semi-structured interviews with different actors from within the field were conducted and later analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results concluded that there are social dynamics and unwritten rules within the graphic design field of Stockholm concerning; talent, education, social climate, norms and values, visual guidelines and the purpose of graphic design. Moreover, all actors agree on one basic premise – if something is to be considered good graphic design it has to fulfill the basic purpose of graphic design. However, when it comes to how that premise is fulfilled, there is a clear interplay between an agent's position in the field and their opinion.

The starting point of this study is a letter to the Swedish Research Council which maintained the difficulty to reconcile chemistry with open access. Previous studies show that when other sciences is increasing in both the deposition rate and selection of OA journals, there is a lull in chemistry. The purpose of the master thesis is to gain an understanding of chemists reluctance to open access in the light of the implementation of Chalmers' mandating open access policy and through field theoretical perspectives understand why. The survey is conducted with a qualitative approach and the empirical data consist of interview material from nine interviews that took place at Chalmers Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. The interviews show that chemists believe that the idea of open access is certainly sympathetic but incompatible with the chemical sciences. It is believed that the discipline´s traditions, practice and publishing culture as well as opportunities for career differs from other sciences, including what open access is concerned. This uniqueness has not been taken into account in the implementation of OA policies of funding agencies and universities, according to the informants. Evaluations of other universities implementations of open acces policies have identified success factors like support, legal advice and hands-on help in self-archiving. According to the results of this thesis, functionality and infrastructure appears to be less significant if university management and funders does not establish an atmosphere of alliance and thus undermines confidence in the policy and its proponents. The study confirms the importance of the researchers feel invited and involved in the process of change.

Föreliggande studie undersöker hur tolv oberoende förlag upplever att det är att verka i enägarkoncentrerad bokbransch där de konkurrerar mot vertikalt integrerade mediekoncerner.Studiens fokus ligger på hur respondenterna upplever att den vertikala integrationen påverkarderas möjligheter till exponering på olika typer av plattformar, samt på hur detta formar deoberoende förlagens strategier för konkurrens. De två största förlagsgrupperna i Sverige år2021 är Bonnierförlagen och Norstedts Förlagsgrupp, som båda är del av ett störremediekonglomerat där ägandeskap av både ljudboksappar, fysisk- och internetbokhandelsamt dagspress förekommer. Med utgångspunkt i Pierre Bourdieus fältteori undersöker ochanalyserar rapporten förlagsverksamheternas förutsättningar att verka inom branschen samthur de olika aktörerna agerar och varför. Metoden utgår ifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys därpersoner i ledande position intervjuas om deras upplevelse av vad det innebär att inte vara endel av ett mediekonglomerat när det kommer till exponering och vilka strategier de har för attkonkurrera mot dem. Resultatet visar att respondenterna ser breda kontaktnät och ekonomisktkapital som viktigt för att ha möjlighet till exponering samt att det kan vara svårt attkonkurrera om synlighet hos vertikalt integrerade distributörer. Respondenterna påverkas avde större mediekoncernernas ställning i branschen i strategierna för att konkurrera mot dem,där de bland annat fyller ut tomrum som de större koncernerna missat. Studiens slutsats är attde oberoende förlagen på olika sätt, beroende på storlek, påverkas av att verka i en branschdär dominerande aktörer är vertikalt integrerade. Det kan sammankopplas med liknandefenomen inom mediebranschen, såsom journalistbranschen.
The study researches the experience of an owner-focused publishing bransch for twelveindependent publishers in which they compete alongside heavily integrated media groups.The study focuses on how the integrated media groups affect the independent publishers intheir implemented strategies to remain competitive. As of the year of 2021, the two largestpublishing groups are Bonnier Publishers and Norstedts Publishing Group. Both are part of alarger media conglomerate that has ownership of audiobook applications, physical andweb-hosted book stores as well as daily press. Starting with Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, thereport investigates and analyses the publishers prerequisites in order to act and remaincompetitive within the industry, as well as how the publishers have to act and the reasons ofwhy. The method is based on qualitative and thorough content analysis where people in aleading position are interviewed about their experience of what it means not to be part of amedia conglomerate when it comes to exhibition and what strategies they have in order toremain competitive. The results show that the respondents see broad contact networks andfinancial capital as the most important pillars in order to have the opportunity for exposureand that it can be difficult to compete for visibility versus heavily integretaded distributors.The respondents are affected by the position the larger media groups hold within the industrybut are prone to utilize strategies that fill gaps that the larger groups have missed. The study'sconclusion is that the independent publishers are affected in different ways, depending ontheir size in an industry where dominant competitors are highly integrated. There are largesimilarities within the media- and journalist industries.

Uppsatsens syfte är att bidra till en djupare förståelse för hur applåden fungerar som en ritual under den klassiska konserten samt hur praxis kring den traderas, då den klassiska konsertens ritualer och normer kan kännas underliga och avskräckande för den som aldrig närvarat vid en sådan. Med en kvalitativ intervjumetod har två informanter frågats om deras upplevelser och tankar kring applåder och den klassiska konserten. Det empiriska material som skapats används som grund för en analys med hjälp av Bourdieus sociologiska begrepp fält, habitus och kapital, Ronald L. Grimes tankar kring det rituella fältet, samt övergripande ritualteori för att bidra med en djupare förståelse kring applåden i samband med den klassiska konserten. Applåden som ritual skapar social mening, signalerar uppskattning för det som publiken upplevt och bildar även en känsla av grupptillhörighet och solidaritet. Applåden upplevs vara viktig för att de som deltagit under konserten ska få utlopp för sina känslor och kommunicera detta mellan publik och musiker, och även sinsemellan den sittande publiken, särskilt i en miljö som kan upplevas som disciplinerad och stram. Traderingen av applådens praxis sker delvis genom misstag då en individ prövar sig fram i konsertupplevelsen, samt genom observation av erfarna i publiken. Presentatörer och andra nyckelpersoner kan bidra med en förklaring av en konsert innan den börjar för att underlätta för deltagarna, och det rika material som finns på olika konserthus hemsidor bidrar med en chans att låta den nyfikna förbereda sig innan den tar klivet in i en ny miljö. Även om det kan applåderas fel under en konsert så kan detta under vissa förutsättningar leda till en delad positiv upplevelse som på sikt kan leda till en lättad syn på applåden under den klassiska konserten.

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how cultural art journalistic critique manifests on different digital platforms today. I chose to focus on film criticism as it not only tells a story about the movies but also about the society. The bachelor thesis also aims to examine if there are any differences in how amateurs and professional journalists frames film criticism and in extension the society. The research questions examined were:How are the reviews composition and content arranged? How does the reviews rhetoric get constructed? How do the writers approach appraisements in their texts and how do these get framed? Do the texts have an inclination towards the aesthetic or the journalistic paradigm? I used Hulténs mass media rhetoric analysis which is a form of qualitative media content analysis in order to find differences and similarities in the texts. By closely examining the reviews, I found that references to popular culture were of great significance in the field of journalistic film criticism. They do not only show the journalists habitus but also their position in the field and the fields doxa. The study shows that the amateurs often emulates and are inspired by the professional journalists. The amateurs also largely depend on the aesthetic paradigm whilst the professionals strives for an equiponderant relation to both paradigms. My conclusion is that the amateurs compose a heterodox rebellion towards the current doxa on the field and that the professionals reigns the field with their knowledge and their complex and critical portrayal of movies and the society.

This thesis examines an instance of the failure of a parent-led bid for a new local school in Queensland at the end of the last millennium. This parent-led and school-endorsed initiative failed despite a policy climate that appeared actively to encourage such initiatives from government funded school communities. The work shows that the parents of Sunnyvale College, (a pseudonym), were both encouraged by the policy environment and discouraged by the response given to their new schooling initiative, from being full educational partners in the process of the schooling of their children. The unanticipated failure is investigated as a case study of parent engagement set against a background of relationships between government and particular educational stakeholders in that time and place. It examines how these relationships are played out in this context and what the implications of this are for contemporary relationships of this type. Because the approach to the case study is not based on any assumption that the " failure" was the outcome of a pernicious state, the investigation acknowledges the discontinuous nature of such educational relationships and thus, refuses notions of linearity and continuity. The case study approach draws on poststructuralist scholarship, in particular the work of Michel Foucault (1979-84), who is the key theorist informing the investigation. Foucault's theories relating to truth, power and governmentality, are of particular interest and are used as a basis for argument and analysis. The case study is conducted in three key parts. First, the study brings together an overarching framework of interpretive and theoretical bricolage, which works to allow multiple theoretical perspectives and understandings to inform the process of investigation. Second, there is an acknowledgement of the importance of history and also, of historical contingency, in the production of events such as this failure. Thus, there is an historical account of the establishment of schools in Queensland, particularly in the 1990s, and an exploration of the differences in the establishment process across this decade. This exploration is undertaken by working backwards through relevant archival documents and other data in order to highlight the discontinuous nature of such processes. This means that parent/school relationships are historicised, using a macro and micro analysis to understand how such relationships have been produced over time. The case in question is situated within this historicising, allowing for an exploration of its nature and setting, its historical background, the roles of particular individuals, and the processes and procedures that were important in the development of the case. The third part of the study involves re-theorising parent/school relationships in contemporary contexts. The main argument of the case study is that there was a shift in the discursive constitution of schooling that was taking place at the very time that the initiative was undertaken in 1997. It is argued that the school community in question was working out of a set of assumptions about school partnerships, which had already been substantially reinscribed by a new discursive system. This new system reframed " choice" and " community" in terms of the " performative" rather than the " democratic" school. The main arguments and findings in the case study are then used to re-theorise parent/school relationships in post-millennial Queensland, particularly in relation to policy reform. This re-theorising is conducted in the form of a discourse analysis of current federal and state government policy and other types of data, which are relevant to schooling in contemporary contexts. Various interpretive and theoretical perspectives are used in this process of re-theorising, including notions of performativity (Ball, 2003a, 2003b, 2004), responsibilisation (Rose, 1990, 1999, 2000) and pedagogicalisation (Popkewitz, 2003). Such notions are employed to build on the lines of inquiry that develop as a consequence of the use of Foucauldian theory in the earlier part of the study. These concepts are also used to develop new epistemological understanding of parent/school relationships in contemporary contexts. The work of Pierre Bourdieu (1984, 2001) further assists in the conceptualisation of parent engagement in schooling as a game played on the field of schooling. As a consequence of this re-theorising, it is argued that parent engagement in schooling is a focus of increased attention on the part of educational stakeholders and is increasingly demanded by way of increased levels of responsibilised participation. This trend raises questions about the levels of fatigue and anxiety that could result for parents as a consequence of such demanding levels of performance. Additionally, an argument is presented that " performative" parenting is a prescribed set of activities, not an open invitation to leadership and high-level decision-making. Thus, as previously mentioned, choice is always already framed, as " proper" parents make " informed" choices with regard to their children's schooling. This thesis concludes that " performative" schools offer new and problematic subject positions for " performative" parents, which are inviting more engagement but constraining the type of partnership that is possible between parents and schools.

The aim of this study is to investigate the interrelationships between place and taste through a multi-sited ethnography of music consumption. Place and taste are important theoretical constructs that have been studied extensively across the humanities and social sciences. Yet, there is a scarcity of research that attempts to bring together these constructs in the fields of marketing and consumer research and beyond. In particular, prior consumer culture theory (CCT) research has not taken into account the spatial processes through which consumers enact, perform and further develop their tastes in the market place. More significantly, little empirical research illustrates how different consumption spaces tend to orchestrate and shape consumers’ tastes. As such, this study focuses on the context of music consumption and aims to explore spatial taste formation processes via consumers’ aesthetic experiences in popular (festival) and classical (concert hall) music places within the fields of indie and classical music consumption respectively. The emergent findings are structured upon four chapters (papers) and develop specific research objectives which revolve around the overarching aim of the study, namely the exploration of the interrelationships between place and taste. This study brings together both structural and experiential dimensions of taste and highlights the ontological significance of phenomenological understandings of space and place for marketing and consumer research.

碩士
慈濟大學
傳播學系碩士班
100
In 2009, Taiwan government signed the Taiwan-US beef protocol and allowed the U.S. beef importation. Since the suspicion of the American beef is recipient of mad cow pathogen, the agreement then raised a variety of opposing viewpoints. This study was to conduct a content analysis of print media including e-paper, and to use Bourdieu’s field theory to analyze how news media presented related news. The result showed that the case of beef importation from the U.S. was a health issue. Since media reported, and the rivalry among industry, government and academia, the original case of health news had became a case of political news which was related to the struggle among political parties, the executive, and the legislative branch.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
美術學系
103
This thesis attempt researching on French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s (1930-2002) theory of “artistic field” and its “autonomization”. By analyzing relative concepts, this thesis manages to examine the genesis of “symbolic revolution”, and explore how to adopt the “field” approach into art history study. Focusing on power relations, “field” points out the very meaning that modern art world is an arena for symbolic power rather than a stable structure. This thesis mainly focus on two problems: one is the historical genesis of field, the other is methodological issue. Although Bourdieu claimed that social conditions and structural changes are the catalysts of “field of autonomization”, and dated back to Édouard Manet (1832-1883) as key figure; his materials were most quoted from traditional art history categories: competing institution, painting motifs and compositions etc.. This thesis reexamines these categories, and discovers that Gustave Courbet’s realism event can be the former beginning of “symbolic revolution” due to its sufficient conditions－the regrouping of Salon censor committee in 1849, Courbet’s challenge on academic canons, and the establishment of new painting language. On the other hand, the ground of methodological research results from Bourdieu’s discourses and manuscripts in his later period (1999-2002) which were quite different from his critics on aesthetics in former career. Taking his comments on T.J. Clark’s The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and his Followers as example, this thesis manage to distinguish the social history of art from the “field” approach. Depends on the instances of Manet’s portraiture and Sentimental Education, Bourdieu’s scientific sociological study of art should be served as a way to reconstruct a space of cultural producers subjectively─which should initiate from the habitus of artists, analyze individuals’ trajectories and power relations between them as well as their mutuality.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
終身學習與人力資源發展碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
103
This thesis applies Bourdieu’s field theory to analyze participants’ narratives about their development in the music field. The researcher interviewed two musicians who had received classical music education in Taiwan and hence are still active in performance as well as other music related activities. The musicians’ narratives provide us better understanding of the operational characteristics in the classical music field, the influences on classical music performers’ bodies and their practices, and the relationship between performers’ bodies and their self-identities. In this study, we find that the classical music field has had an impact on different generations, development stages, and employment. In addition, because the actors in the classical music field continue to operate in specific habitus and a certain capital operation model, the existing field rules and resource allocation continue to be replicated, and even cause a huge culture gap between those well-educated in classical music and the general public. However, classical music performers’ recognition often comes from pluralism; therefore, if actors have the ability to introspect, it is possible to reverse the situation to certain extents and reform new self-identities. Based on this point of view, the interrelations between the field characteristics of classical music performers and their bodies as well as self-identities influence each other; therefore, their identified configurations will have continued changes as their minds and bodies practice vary. In conclusion, our study is aimed at providing beneficial suggestions for our governments, classical music institutes, performers as well as future related studies.

Through assessing Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and field, this research project examines how re-sistance can be understood as an embodied experience. Six resistors are asked in semi-structured and dia-logic interviews how they experience resistance to oppression of various forms including patriarchy, co-lonialism, cisheteronormativity, and capitalism. Three main themes emerge from these interviews and in-clude: the construction of a resistant habitus, the occurrence of solidarity through which resistant habitus may mobilize, and the possibility of transforming oppressive fields such as patriarchy into fields of femi-nist resistance. Through instances of increased awareness of one’s social struggle, developments of mo-bile solidarity, and the occupation of oppressive fields in the name of social change, this project posits that habitus are capable of enacting change upon the field.
Graduate

Ce mémoire utilise des données qualitatives provenant d’entretiens semi-structurés pour examiner les ressources qu’utilisent les individus qui font face à l’insécurité alimentaire sous l’angle du capital culturel de Pierre Bourdieu. Les participants étaient choisis parmi les usagers des organismes alternatifs qui œuvrent en sécurité alimentaire à Montréal. Tous étaient en situation d’insécurité alimentaire. Des analyses inductives et déductives étaient exécutées. Seize indicateurs de la forme du capital culturel incorporée, et trois indicateurs de chacune des formes institutionnalisées et objectivées ont été trouvés à être reliés aux stratégies qu’utilisaient les répondants pour améliorer leur situation alimentaire. Cette recherche nous indique que le capital culturel individuel joue un rôle dans les stratégies utilisées, incluant la participation dans les organismes communautaires. De plus, un manque de capital approprié peut servir comme barrière à la participation dans certaines stratégies ce qui pourra avancer des réflexions sur la justesse et l’efficacité des stratégies actuelles.
Using qualitative semi-structured interview data, this thesis examines the resources used by food insecure Montrealers through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital. Respondents were chosen among users of alternative community food security organizations and all were food insecure. Inductive and deductive analyses were performed. Sixteen indicators of embodied cultural capital and three indicators of each of institutionalized and objectified cultural capital were found to be related to the strategies respondents used to try to improve their situation of food insecurity. This research demonstrates that cultural capital plays a role in the strategies employed by food insecure Montrealers, including the participation in community-based organizations. In addition, a lack of appropriate capital can serve as a barrier to participation in certain strategies. Further examination of these barriers could help to deepen understanding of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the current community strategies to face food insecurity.

This is a sociological study of the views of officers in the Swedish Army and its Amphibious Forces on tactics in Irregular Warfare (IW), in particular, Counterinsurgency (COIN). IW comprises struggles, where the military weaker part uses an indirect approach with smaller units and integrates the civilian and military dimensions in a violence spectrum including subversion, terrorism, Guerrilla Warfare and infantry actions. IW is the main armed warfare style in insurgencies. COIN is the combined political, military, economic, social and legal actions in counter insurgencies. Data has been collected by means of interviews with almost all (n =43) officers, who were either commanding battalions or rifle and manoeuvre companies while undergoing training for general warfare and international operations. The main theoretical and methodological inspiration is the traditional one for research on social fields, inaugurated by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The statistical technique used is Multiple Correspondence Analysis. As a background and context base, an inquiry inspired by the Begriffsgechichte (Conceptual History) tradition explores the genesis and development of understandings of the term Irregular Warfare. The research question is outlined as; “how can contemporary Swedish military thought on tactics in Irregular Warfare be characterized using descriptive patterns, mapped in relation to background factors and normative standards? The most significant findings are that there are two main opposing notions separating the officers’ views on tactics in Irregular Warfare: (1) a focus on larger, combat oriented and collectively operating military units versus smaller and larger, more intelligence oriented and dispersed operating units, and (2) a focus on military tasks and kinetic effects versus military and civilian tasks as well as “soft” effects. The distribution of these views can be presented as a two-dimensional space structured by the two axes. This space represents four categories of tactics, partly diverging from normative military standards for Counterinsurgency. This social space of standpoints shows different structural tendencies for background factors of social and cultural character, particularly dominant concerning military backgrounds, international mission experiences and civilian education. Compared to military standards for Counterinsurgency, the two tactical types characterized by a Regular Warfare mind-set stands out as counter-normative. Signs of creative thought on military practice and theory, as well as a still persistent Regular Warfare doxa are apparent. Power struggles might thus develop, effecting the transformation to a broadened warfare culture with an enhanced focus also on Irregular Warfare. The result does not support research results arguing for a convergence of military thought in the European transformation of Armed Forces. The main argument goes beyond tactics and suggests sociological analysis on reciprocal effects regarding strategy, operational art, tactics as well as leadership, concerning the mind-set and preferences for Regular, Irregular and Hybrid Warfare.

Ce mémoire de maitrise décrit et explique l’émergence et l’essor de la recherche en neuromarketing. Ce domaine de recherche est apparu au début des années 2000 et s’attache à comprendre les comportements individuels de consommation en appliquant les théories et les techniques neuroscientifiques de mesure de l’activité neurobiologique aux questions du marketing. Objet controversé auquel des médias, des associations de consommateurs et certains neuromarketeurs accordent un pouvoir de persuasion exagéré alors qu’il est qualifié par de nombreux neuroscientifiques de fraude et de coup publicitaire, le neuromarketing est un domaine de recherche critiqué à la fois dans l’espace public et dans le champ académique. À partir de l’analyse bibliométrique des publications sur le neuromarketing, ce mémoire délimite les frontières mouvantes de ce domaine de recherche dont la définition de l’objet même est encore sujet de débat. À partir des travaux de Pierre Bourdieu sur le champ scientifique, ce mémoire de maitrise met en évidence les forces qui façonnent ce domaine de recherche, tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur du champ académique. Sur la base d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d’agents de ce domaine de recherche, ce mémoire démontre que les neuromarketeurs doivent développer des stratégies discursives pour se distancier de l’image controversée du neuromarketing et adopter des stratégies de publication afin de diffuser leurs résultats de recherche dans le champ scientifique. Ce mémoire de maitrise démontre également que les neuromarketeurs dont l’habitus scientifique a été acquis en dehors du champ des sciences de la gestion doivent se surinvestir et faire des compromis épistémologiques et méthodologiques afin de s’ajuster aux pratiques de recherche en marketing. Ce mémoire établit ainsi que les chercheurs effectuent cette reconversion et s’investissent dans cette trajectoire professionnelle en raison des perspectives de carrière que le neuromarketing semble pouvoir offrir, tant dans le champ académique que dans le monde de l’entreprise.
This master’s thesis describes and explains the birth and rise of neuromarketing research. This area of research first appeared in the early 2000’s and aims to understand consumer behaviour by applying neuroscientific theories and methods of measuring neurobiological activity to marketing questions. As a controversial topic, neuromarketing is critized in both the public space and academia. Some members of the media, some consumer associations and some neuromarketers see neuromarketing as having an exaggerated power of persuasion while most neuroscientists qualify it as a scam or publicity stunt. Starting from bibliometric analysis of neuromarketing publications, this master’s thesis defines the shifting boundaries of this field of research whose subject itself is still opened to debate. Building on Pierre Bourdieu’s work on the scientific field, this thesis highlights the forces that shape this speciality both in and out of the academic field. Based on semidirective interviews of agents working in this area of research, this thesis demonstrates that neuromarketers have to develop discursive strategies to distance themselves from the controversial image of neuromarketing and adopt publication strategies in order to disseminate the results of their research in the scientific field. This master’s thesis also reveals that neuromarketers who have acquired their scientific habitus outside the field of management sciences have to overinvest themselves and make both epistemological and methodological compromises in order to adapt to marketing research practices. Therefore, this thesis establishes that researchers who engage in this reconversion and invest themselves in this professional trajectory do so because of seemingly attractive career opportunities in neuromarketing research, in both the academic field and the business world.

The discourse of Western theatre practice is founded on, and maintained as, a legitimizing struggle between the terms “professional” and “amateur.” This study moves beyond the traditional signifiers of Canadian amateur theatre—the Little Theatre Movement, the Dominion Drama Festival and connotations of “inferior” and “dilettantish”—to examine two nonprofessionalized companies that have witnessed the professionalization of Anglo-Canadian theatre in order to argue for the relevance and vitality of contemporary “nonprofessionalized” theatre practices. By drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory and Michel Foucault’s discourse theory and theories of formations of disciplines, this study argues that theatre professions seek to discipline, delegitimize and exclude nonprofessionalizing practices in order to gain capital (economic, social and cultural) at the expense of the creative freedoms inherent in nonprofessionalized work. It also considers the ways in which theatre scholarship omits critical discussion of amateur practice and how the term “amateur” is co-opted as a clouded pejorative signifier and erased by the contested term “community” within theatre discourse (institutions, practices and the Canadian imaginary). Following a case study approach based on archival documents, the study provides the foundation for a social history of Alumnae Theatre Company (1918- ), beginning with its early years as part of the University of Toronto’s University College Alumnae Association, by examining the relationship between amateur theatre practice and campus philanthropy, followed by Alumnae’s impact on Toronto’s professionalizing theatre scene in the context of alterity in Canadian theatre discourse. It then examines Walterdale Theatre Associates’ (1958- ) relationship to the emerging theatre profession before and after the opening of Edmonton’s Citadel Theatre in 1965 to argue that Walterdale benefits the profession and its professionalizing artists while negotiating complex concerns over institutionalization. Their longevity is explained, in part, by the fact that both companies operate “as if” professional, yet outside of professionalized disciplinary regimes.

This study lays a foundation for the empirical mapping of the material production of Afrikaans fiction from 1990 to 2005. The primary research question, namely, how to map Afrikaans fiction production during this period, has been answered through both descriptive-qualitative and statistical-quantitative empirical research. In the first, contextual descriptive component, qualitative research is used to describe the context within which Afrikaans fiction production takes place. The impact of transformation shifts on the production and producer landscapes are mapped through a description of the publishing system. Within this system, book production is regarded as an institution that has inter-systemic relationships with other sub-systems, including institutional contexts (such as media, cultural, literary, educational and library sub-systems), as well as broader societal contexts (such as political, economic and technological contexts). Transformation shifts in the producer landscape (including the establishment, conglomeration, mergers, take-overs and closures of publishing houses) are described through profiling the relevant producers (including publishing houses and other kinds of producers) who contribute to this landscape. In the second, statistical empirical component, quantitative research is used to sketch the contours of Afrikaans fiction production through the construction of production and producer profiles. On a theoretical level, the study follows a sociological and institutional approach to empirical literary studies. This study has been positioned within the developing field of book and publishing studies, specifically within the parameters of the epistemology of production statistics. Itamar Even-Zohar’s poly-system theory and Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the field of cultural production form the theoretical framework. Several methodological instruments were developed for the purpose of this study, including a new model of the publishing system, a database of production statistics (the Production Database of Afrikaans Fiction – PDAF), and two typologies of kinds of producers and fiction publications according to which both producer and production categories can be distinguished. The publishing system, the PDAF and the two typologies have been proven useful instruments for the mapping of book production. These instruments will contribute to the fields of book and publishing studies through their application to research on other production categories. The PDAF is a useful resource for measuring the growth and diversity of Afrikaans fiction production. The study concludes that Afrikaans fiction production between 1990 and 2005 was incisively influenced by transformation shifts. Publishing in this field became more challenging in that Afrikaans fiction production had to wean itself from the artificial institutional privilege and substantial state support it had enjoyed and was forced to become economically independent. By 2005, there were far fewer significant producers of Afrikaans fiction in the producer landscape than in 1990. In some production categories, fiction production has shrunk, while, in others, it has grown. Overall, the production profile of Afrikaans fiction has greatly diversified, with Afrikaans fiction appearing in a wide variety of production categories. Afrikaans fiction remains the most diverse and best-developed indigenous tradition of fiction production. The challenge for future case studies is to investigate the relationships between production patterns and specific transformation shifts in the publishing system in terms of specific production categories.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Information Science
unrestricted