Academic literature on the topic 'Bovine brucellosis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bovine brucellosis"
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Olsen, Steven, and Fred Tatum. "Bovine Brucellosis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 26, no. 1 (March 2010): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.006.
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Meng, Yang, and He Zhuqing. "Exploration Practice of Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Bovine Brucella." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 03047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018503047.
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Bovine brucellosis is bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease. It has the characteristics of wide distribution and great harm, which seriously hinders the improvement of economic benefits of the cattle industry. With the rapid development of economic exchanges, livestock breeding and trading activities between regions have become more frequent, and the epidemic of bovine brucellosis has gradually spread. China's "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law" stipulates brucellosis as a second-class infectious disease, which is caused by Brucella. Cattle infections can cause abortion, stillbirth, infertility, lameness and orchitis, which pose a huge threat to the development of the breeding industry. With the continuous expansion of the number and scale of domestic cattle raising, the epidemic situation of brucellosis has rebounded. This article is mainly aimed at the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bovine brucellosis, and puts forward opinions and suggestions based on the actual situation.
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Neta, Alcina V. Carvalho, Juliana P. S. Mol, Mariana N. Xavier, Tatiane A. Paixão, Andrey P. Lage, and Renato L. Santos. "Pathogenesis of bovine brucellosis." Veterinary Journal 184, no. 2 (May 2010): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.04.010.
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Santos, Renato L., Telma M. Martins, Álan M. Borges, and Tatiane A. Paixão. "Economic losses due to bovine brucellosis in Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 6 (June 2013): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000600012.
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Brucellosis is an important zoonosis of worldwide distribution. Reliable epidemiologic brucellosis data covering approximately 90% of the cattle population in Brazil have been recently published. Therefore, considering the scarcity of information regarding the economic impact of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, the goal of this study was to estimate economic impact of brucellosis on the Brazilian cattle industry. Several parameters including abortion and perinatal mortality rates, temporary infertility, replacement costs, mortality, veterinary costs, milk and meat losses were considered in the model. Bovine brucellosis in Brazil results in an estimated loss of R$ 420,12 or R$ 226,47 for each individual dairy or beef infected female above 24 months of age, respectively. The total estimated losses in Brazil attributed to bovine brucellosis were estimated to be approximately R$ 892 million (equivalent to about 448 million American dollars). Every 1% increase or decrease in prevalence is expected to increase or decrease the economic burden of brucellosis in approximately 155 million Reais.
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Motta-Delgado, Pablo Andrés, Ricardo Alberto Martínez-Tovar, Marliyanini Londoño-Giraldo, Erika Paola Rojas-Vargas, and Wilmer Herrera-Valencia. "Sero-prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in bovines from Caquetá state, Colombia." Ciencia y Agricultura 17, no. 1 (February 9, 2020): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.v17.n1.2020.9917.
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Brucellosis is a disease with implications in the public health due both to its zoonotic character as its easy transmission trough of dairy products contaminated with the microorganism Brucella sp. The aim of this article was determinate the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in nine municipalities that carrying the 75% of bovine population in the Caquetá state, Colombia. Blood samples were collected in 100 herds dedicates to dual-purpose cattle, obtained blood serum from 1000 animals, of which 882 corresponding to cows. Rose Bengal Plate Test was performed and the confirmations of positive cases were made by competitive Elisa. The sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Caquetá state was of 3.23% (95%, CI: 0-6.53%), in males 2.6% and females 3.29% respectively. At the municipal level, the sero-prevalence varied of 0 to 6.06%. The prevalence of brucellosis at herd level was of 22% (95%, CI: 12.24-31.76%). In conclusion, the sero-prevalence is low in bovines but moderate at the level of herds, therefore, it is necessary to increase the performance of the official control entities at the level of herds to reduce the high prevalence of the disease for guaranteed the safety of milk and thus the health of consumers.
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Ribeiro, Claudia Mello, Jonas Lotufo Brant de Carvalho, Paula Andrea de Santis Bastos, Rodrigo Guerrero Mendes, Satie Katagiri, and Veruska Maia da Costa. "Spatial and temporal trend analysis of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, 2014 to 2018." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1279.
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Bovine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease endemic to Brazil, is a serious public health problem. It is a notifiable disease that, like tuberculosis, is regulated through a national control and eradication program. The epidemiological status of bovine brucellosis must be characterized in order to direct measures aimed at controlling the disease. This study focused on analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of bovine brucellosis in Brazil. An ecological and time series study was conducted based on secondary data reported by the National Animal Health Information System for cases of bovine brucellosis diagnosed in Brazil (2014 - 2018). The gross and average incidence rate of brucellosis was estimated per state. Joinpoint regression was applied to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) in incidence and to identify states with significant trend changes. Spatial analysis of animals with brucellosis was performed using Kernel density estimation. A total of 19,631 animals with bovine brucellosis were confirmed, and the average incidence rate varied from 0.03 to 33.93/100,000 cattle in Brazil. The highest density of positive animals was found in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, which can be considered areas of greater transmission of Brucella abortus. Reductions in gross incidence rates were observed in Paraná (APC: -13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -20.3 – -5.4; p=0.01), Rondônia (APC: -44.7; 95%CI: -62.0 - -19.4; p=0.01), Mato Grosso do Sul (APC: -59.0; 95%CI: -77.7 - -24.5; p=0.01), Acre (APC: -40.0; 95%CI: -50.0 - -28.0; p=0.00), and Ceará (APC: -37.9; 95%CI: -50.9 - -21.4; p=0.00). The incidence rate significantly increased in Tocantins (APC: 122.1; 95%CI: 4.5 - 372.2; p=0.04). The findings of this study will be helpful in guiding surveillance and prevention measures aimed at reducing the incidence of bovine brucellosis in Brazil.
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Pérez, José, Manuel Quezada, Juana López, Olga Casquet, Miguel A. Sierra, and Juana Martin de las Mulas. "Immunohistochemical Detection of Brucella Abortus Antigens in Tissues from Aborted Bovine Fetuses Using a Commercially Available Polyclonal Antibody." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000104.
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A commercially available polyclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohisto-chemical technique were used to detect Brucella abortus antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of lung and liver from 20 aborted bovine fetuses. Thirteen fetuses were obtained from farms with a previous history of brucellosis, and 7 were collected from farms without a history of brucellosis. Among the 13 aborted bovine fetuses obtained from farms with a history of brucellosis, immunoreactivity to B. abortus was detected in lung (9 fetuses) and in liver (1 fetus), whereas Brucella was cultured from abomasal contents in 9 fetuses (8 were immunohistochemically positive). In addition, 11 dams of these 13 aborted bovine fetuses had antibodies to Brucella. Brucella abortus was not detected by immunohistochemistry in the 7 aborted bovine fetuses collected from farms without a history of brucellosis. Bacteriologic culture and serologic tests were also negative for Brucella. The results of this study revealed that the immunohistochemical technique was sufficiently sensitive for detecting B. abortus antigens in formalin-fixed lung tissues from naturally aborted bovine fetuses. Although additional studies are necessary to rule out cross-reaction of the polyclonal antibody with other microorganisms that cause bovine abortion, this immunohistochemical technique could be a complementary tool to serology and bacteriology for the diagnosis of brucellosis.
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Clementino, Inácio José, and Sérgio Santos de Azevedo. "Bovine brucellosis: epidemiological situation in Brazil and disease control initiatives." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4p2021.
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Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus is present throughout Brazil, whose prevalence distribution shows variations among states and within the productive areas of the states, causing serious losses to cattle production and public health due to risk of transmission to humans. Therefore, since 2001, the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) is being implemented in all Federative Units of Brazil, based on the compulsory vaccination of bovine females, control of animal movement and certification of brucellosis-free herds. This review covers the current epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, issues related to public health and economic importance, as well as Brazilian initiatives to control the disease.
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Noor, Susan Maphilindawati. "DNA Amplification Technique for Detection of Bovine Brucellosis." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i2.1829.
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Brucellosis is one of cattle diseases which causes a very significant economic loss and categorized as zoonotic disease. Early detection of Brucellosis in livestock is very important to prevent the spread of disease to livestock and humans. The success of Brucellosis control depends on rapid, sensitive and specific detection methods. The aim of this paper is to review several methods of Brucellosis detection in cattle. Currently, the detection of Brucellosis in Indonesia is using serological and isolation methods. The latter method is the gold standard of Brucellosis diagnosis, however, its sensitivity is low. Therefore, molecular techniques with DNA amplification have been developed and applied in many countries both in livestock and humans because they are more sensitive, specific and rapid in detecting Brucella sp in blood, milk and semen samples. Various DNA amplification methods for detection of Brucellosis that have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), finger printing and loop-mediated isothermal amplificatiom (LAMP). Both PCR and LAMP are more sensitive and specific in detecting Brucella sp than conventional techniques. PCR technique has advantages in detecting Brucella sp species to serotype and biovar levels. In addition, PCR reagents are cheaper and easier to obtain than LAMP eventhough, LAMP procedure is simpler and faster.
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Shrimali, M. D., S. S. Patel, H. C. Chauhan, B. S. Chandel, A. C. Patel, K. K. Sharma, A. I. Dadawala, et al. "Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Bovine." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 1730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.811.201.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Bovine brucellosis"
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Ullah, Aman. "Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in Sindh, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17983.
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Brucellosis is endemic in many livestock worldwide especially developing countries. The aims of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and risk factors associated with the seropositivity in rural and peri-urban buffaloes and cattle populations of Sindh. Firstly, a cross sectional study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes of Sindh province, Pakistan. Serum samples (2600) were tested using Rose Bengal Plate Test. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in Sindh province was 13.96% (95% C.I.; 11.55 - 16.37). Of the 917 herds tested, 232 or 25.30% herds (95%C.I.; 22.51-28.24) were positive for brucellosis. The adult animals were 2.05 (95% C.I.; 1.14-3.68, P= 0.02) times more likely to test positive for brucellosis. The animals in a peri-urban dairy production system were 2.07 times (95%C.I.; 1.09-3.90, P = 0.03) times more likely have brucellosis. The species or sex of animal did not appear to affect the risk of seropositivity in cattle or buffalo in this population. Secondly, a cross sectional survey was conducted to understand the structure and composition of farms, animal husbandry and management practices in peri-urban dairy colonies in Karachi and farmers’ awareness of zoonoses. The mean herd size was 93.58 animals and 88.01% of these animals were female buffaloes. Of 326 farms surveyed, only 37.42% were able to associate animals with transmission of diseases in human. The characteristics of peri-urban dairy farms in Karachi are discussed. Thirdly, the value of FTA® cards in detecting the Brucella DNA in milk samples was estimated by determining the detection limits of genus specific ERI PCR assay for FTA® cards and comparing the PCR results from whole sediments taken from culturing pooled milk samples with taking sediment on FTA® cards. The detection limits of this method ranged from 6.6 x 103 cfu/ml for B. abortus to 7.17 x 106 cfu/ml for B. suis. Assuming the results of ERI PCR for the whole sediment as gold standard (method 1), the method using sediment on FTA® cards as test samples (method 2) showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 81.44% (95% C.I.; 75.54-87.33) but a poor diagnostic specificity of 42.86% (95%C.I.; 16.95-68.78). The kappa value, κ, was 0.14 (p = 0.02) demonstrating a poor agreement between the two methods. Lastly, 181 bulk milk samples were used to estimate the herd level prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Landhi dairy colony, Karachi. The ERI PCR was used to test these samples. The herd prevalence was estimated as 92.26% (95% C.I.; 88.34-96.19). For each level (50 animals) increase in herd size, the risk of herd being brucellosis positive increases by 2.38 times. The herds that have a male animal for breeding are 0.09 times less likely to have brucellosis. The history of abortion, presence of small ruminants or the regions of animal purchase don’t appear to have any association with the risk of brucellosis at a herd level in this population at LDC, Karachi. A high seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in livestock population in Sindh and a very high herd level prevalence in peri-urban dairy farms in particular poses a serious threat to the public health and livestock production in Sindh, Pakistan.
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Dajer-Abimerhi, Alfredo Francisco Javier. "Bovine brucellosis : serodiagnosis, epidemiology and control in Yucatan, Mexico." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428571.
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Thompson, Riley Jacob. "Discovery and Evaluation of Immunogenic Antigens for Bovine Brucellosis Serodiagnostics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42349.
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Brucella spp. are zoonotic infectious agents, primarily of livestock, that cause the disease brucellosis. Bovine brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, is of greatest concern due to the disease’s significant economical and public health impact. Canada fully eradicated bovine brucellosis from domesticated cattle herds in 1985, however, continued surveillance through screening for B. abortus exposure is paramount to the maintenance of bovine brucellosis eradication nationwide. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is responsible for the surveillance of bovine brucellosis outbreaks in Canada and the maintenance of eradication. Current B. abortus serodiagnostics and serological screening is mostly based on the detection of antibodies against Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a highly immunogenic component of the outer cellular membrane. Such tests face difficulties with false positive results due to cross reactivity with other Gram-negative bacteria that produce LPS. The purpose of the research presented here was to address this issue through identifying new B. abortus protein antigens for the improvement of serological test specificity. In this study, 101 candidates were identified through predictive bioinformatic analyses and selected for immunogenic evaluation. While none of the expressed candidates displayed positive serological activity with in-house brucellosis positive bovine serum panels, the workflow presented here can be used for continued research and the assessment of more proteins from B. abortus and other bacterial pathogens.
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Souza, Vanessa Aparecida Feijó de. "Modelagem matemática do controle da brucelose bovina com a utilização da vacina RB51." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-24082015-151319/.
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A brucelose bovina é uma zoonose que apresenta importância econômica por ocasionar perdas reprodutivas nas espécies animais acometidas. Em 2001, no Brasil, foi criado o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e da Tuberculose Animal. Uma das principais medidas instituídas pelo programa é a vacinação de fêmeas entre três e oito meses de idade pela cepa B19. Posteriormente, em 2007, ficaram definidas as normas para a utilização da cepa RB51 em fêmeas maiores que oito meses de idade, e em propriedades que apresentem foco da doença. Sabe-se que esta medida, se utilizada, abreviaria o período de tempo necessário para que a redução da prevalência da brucelose bovina fosse atingida. A fim de estimar a magnitude desta redução, bem como aferir o acumulado de animais a serem protegidos para que a diminuição na prevalência ocorra, foi realizado um modelo matemático associando a proteção de 80% das bezerras por B19, à proteção de 10, 40 e 80% das demais fêmeas por RB51. Para as simulações, foram consideradas as Unidades Federativas que apresentam prevalência da brucelose bovina acima de 2%. Comparando os cenários analisados, pôde-se concluir que a redução do período de tempo necessário para que se atingisse 2% de prevalência pouco diferiu quanto à cobertura vacinal de 40 ou 80% das fêmeas vacináveis. Isto faz com que a primeira alternativa possa, economicamente, ser tida como mais interessante, uma vez que abrangeria um acumulado menor de animais protegidos. Considerando o Estado de Goiás, que apresenta prevalência de 3,01% e um efetivo de 8.336.632 fêmeas bovinas, a proteção das fêmeas jovens por B19 juntamente à proteção de 40% das demais por RB51, faria com que a redução da prevalência alcançasse 2% em quatro anos, com um acumulado de 1.302.130 animais protegidos. Em relação ao Estado de Mato Grosso, que apresenta a maior prevalência, 10,25%, e 8.377.433 fêmeas com mais de 24 meses de idade, foi observado que a frequência da brucelose chegaria a 2% em quinze anos caso a proporção de fêmeas protegidas por RB51 fosse 40%, resultando em um acumulado de 1.656.098 animais. Em comparação à utilização da B19 como única medida preventiva, utilizando a RB51 em 40% das fêmeas vacináveis, se reduziria o período de tempo para se atingir 2% de prevalência de sete para quatro anos no Estado de Goiás, e de 22 para 15 anos no Mato Grosso. Além disso, a determinação dos acumulados a serem vacinados permite que se avalie economicamente a viabilidade ao uso da RB51Bovine brucellosis is a zoonosis that play important economic role for causing reproductive losses on animal species that are affected. In 2001, in Brazil, Brazilian National Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis was created. One of the main action proposed by the program is vaccination of female between three to eight months of age by B19 strain. Later, in 2007, were defined the roles for RB51 strain use in females older than eight months, and in herds that are in outbreak situation. It is known that this measure, if used, would short the time needed for bovine brucellosis reduction. In order to estimate the magnitude of this reduction, as well as to measure the accumulated of protected animals for brucellosis prevalence decrease, a mathematical model was done associating protection by B19 in 80% of heifers, to protection by RB51 in 10, 40 and 80% of other females. For simulations, states that presented brucellosis prevalence superior than 2% were considered. Comparing these scenarios was possible to conclude that the time needed to reduce prevalence to 2% were similar between 40 and 80%. This turns the former alternative economically more interesting, once it will cover lower number of protected animals. Considering Goiás State, that presents prevalence of 3.01% and a amount of 8336,632 female bovine, protection of 80% of heifers by B19, along protection of 40% of other females by RB51, would make prevalence reach 2% in four years, with a total of 1302,130 protected animals. Relative to Mato Grosso State, that has the major prevalence, 10.25%, and 8377,433 female older than 24 months of age, were observed that brucellosis frequency would reduce to 2% in 15 years in case of 40% of female protected by RB51, resulting in an amount of 1656,098 animals. In comparison with the use of B19 as single preventive measure, time to reduce prevalence to 2% will reduce from seven to four years in Goiás, and from 22 to 15 years in Mato Grosso. Moreover, determination of accumulated of protected animals allows that RB51 use would be economically evaluated
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MacMillan, Alastair. "The bovine immune response following Brucella vaccination and infection and the development of a discriminatory test." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313252.
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Todeschini, Bernardo. "Enfoque epidemiológico em dados de tuberculose e brucelose visando a implantação de um sistema informatizado de monitoramento e vigilância." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29066.
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A vigilância epidemiológica é descrita como o conjunto de procedimentos de coleta, processamento e análise de dados utilizado para dar suporte aos processos de tomadas de decisão por parte dos agentes de saúde animal e humana. A crescente atuação de profissionais do setor privado em sanidade animal tem ampliado a vigilância epidemiológica passiva, com geração de montantes significativos de dados. Neste contexto, surge o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal - PNCEBT que promove, entre suas estratégias, a habilitação de médicos veterinários privados - MVH - para realização de testes diagnóstico dessas enfermidades em bovídeos. Nesta pesquisa, foi realizada uma compilação de todos os dados gerados pelos MVH relacionados ao PNCEBT no ano de 2008 no Rio Grande do Sul, os quais foram posteriormente analisados com distintas técnicas estatísticas, com objetivo de caracterizar o perfil de ocorrência demográfica e espacial destes testes, bem como buscar indicativos de frequência de enfermidades. Foram analisados resultados de 63.226 testes de bovinos e bubalinos realizados em 5.012 estabelecimentos e 332 municípios do estado, devidamente tratados por procedimentos de imputação múltipla e de detecção de valores extremos. Foi possível verificar que os animais de aptidão leiteira representam a maioria dos animais testados, e que motivação econômica, como bonificações, é o principal estímulo para realização dos testes. Os animais de aptidão leiteira apresentaram, ainda, maior frequência em casos positivos para ambas as enfermidades, quando comparados com as demais aptidões. Os animais do sexo feminino apresentaram maior frequência em ambas as enfermidades, com relação aos machos. Foi verificada maior frequência de animais positivos para tuberculose com o avanço da idade, ao passo que a brucelose se revelou mais freqüente em animais entre 48 e 60 meses. A análise espacial demonstra variações entre regiões nos percentuais de animais testados e de positivos em ambas as enfermidades. As maiores frequências de estabelecimentos positivos para tuberculose ocorreram nas mesorregiões metropolitana e centro-oriental do estado, as quais apresentam altas densidades de estabelecimentos por km². Foi constatado ainda que a distância percorrida pelo MVH para realização de testes pode ser fator limitante na ocorrência dos mesmos, sendo que 49,5% dos testes foram realizados em uma distância máxima de 50 km, considerando-se a ida e o retorno. Foi verificado que municípios onde foram realizados testes têm 67,5 vezes mais chance de ter um MVH residente. Foi possível concluir, assim, que o adequado enfoque aos dados de vigilância permite a realização de inferências relevantes, sendo factível a estruturação de sistemas de monitoramento e vigilância - MOSS. Tais sistemas podem incrementar a qualidade e acessibilidade dos dados, permitindo aos gestores públicos e privados a realização de análises customizadas que tragam maior eficiência e eficácia às ações em saúde animal.Epidemiological surveillance is described as a set of procedures of collecting, processing and data analysis used for supporting the decision making process of animal and human health managers. The growing participation of private sector professionals on animal health issues has been widening the passive epidemiological surveillance, generating significant amounts of data. In this context, the National Program of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Control and Eradication – PNCEBT, promotes, amongst other strategies, the accreditation of private veterinarians to make diagnosis tests on bovine, increased significantly the amount of data on bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis. In the present research, a compilation of all data from diagnosis tests performed by accredited private veterinarians on behalf of PNCEBT in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in 2008 was made, which was analyzed through distinct statistics techniques, aiming at characterizing the demography and spatial patterns of occurrence, as well as to assess the frequencies of those diseases. Data from 63.226 individual tests performed in 5.012 farms on 332 municipalities were analyzed, after treatment by multiple imputation and outlier values diagnosis. It was possible to conclude that the majority of tests were from dairy related animals; economical reasons, such as bonus programs, were the main motivation for the farmers to perform tests on their properties. Higher frequencies for both diseases were found in dairy cattle, when compared to other purposes animals. Female presented higher frequencies for both diseases when compared to males. It was also observed that the frequency of tuberculosis increased with age, while for brucellosis the frequency was higher between 48 to 60 months-old animals. Spatial analysis evidenced higher frequencies of positive tuberculosis farms in the metropolitana and centro-oriental mesorregions, which had higher farm density per km². It was also verified that the distance by MVH to perform tests might be a limiting factor for them to occur, being 49.5% of the tests performed at maximum round-way distance of 50 km. The municipalities which had tests performed showed 67.5 times more chances of having a resident MVH. It was possible to conclude that an appropriate approach of surveillance data allows the making of relevant inferences, being feasible the establishment of monitoring and surveillance systems - MOSS. These systems could improve data quality and accessibility, allowing public and private managers to perform custom analysis to bring more efficiency and efficacy to animal health programs.
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Azevedo, Sérgio Santos de. "Caracterização epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-03092007-140258/.
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Foi conduzido um inquérito soroepidemiológico da brucelose bovina no Estado do Espírito Santo através de parceria firmada entre o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), o Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal do Estado do Espírito Santo (IDAF-ES) e o Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). O Estado foi dividido em dois estratos amostrais, conforme o tipo de exploração predominante e a capacidade operacional do IDAF-ES para a condução do trabalho de campo. A amostragem foi delineada para a determinação da prevalência de propriedades positivas (focos) e de animais soropositivos para a brucelose bovina por estrato amostral. Foi realizada uma seleção aleatória de 300 propriedades (unidades primárias) por estrato amostral, e dentro das unidades primárias, foram amostradas, aleatoriamente, 10 fêmeas bovinas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses (unidades secundárias) quando o rebanho foi constituído por até 99 fêmeas da mesma faixa etária, ou todas as fêmeas existentes nessa faixa etária se não totalizassem 10 animais; quando o rebanho foi constituído por mais de 99 fêmeas com idade igual ou superior a 24 meses, foram amostradas 15 fêmeas da mesma faixa etária. Ao todo foi colhido sangue de 5370 fêmeas bovinas provenientes de 636 propriedades distribuídas nos dois estratos amostrais. Na ocasião da colheita, foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico por propriedade e as coordenadas geográficas foram obtidas com um aparelho de GPS. Para o diagnóstico sorológico da brucelose bovina, foi utilizado o teste do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT) como prova de triagem e o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol como prova confirmatória. Uma propriedade foi considerada foco quando apresentou pelo menos um animal soropositivo. As análises realizadas foram: (a) determinação das prevalências de focos e de animais soropositivos; (b) identificação de fatores de risco para a brucelose bovina; e (c) análise de agrupamentos espaciais de focos. As prevalências de focos de brucelose bovina e de animais soropositivos no Estado do Espírito Santo foram de 9,00% [6,97% - 11,55%] e 3,53% [1,93% - 6,37%], respectivamente. No estrato amostral 1, as prevalências de focos e de animais soropositivos foram de 6,80% [4,47% - 10,21%] e 3,43% [1,33% - 8,57%], respectivamente. No estrato amostral 2, a prevalência de focos foi de 10,86% [7,86% - 14,84%] e a prevalência de animais soropositivos foi de 3,69% [2,13% - 6,33%]. Os fatores de risco para a brucelose bovina no Estado foram utilização de inseminação artificial (OR = 7,05) e confinamento/semi-confinamento dos animais (OR = 2,98). No estrato amostral 1, as propriedades com mais de 15 fêmeas com idade ≥ 24 meses (OR = 5,18), que alugam pasto (OR = 2,85) e que utilizam inseminação artificial (OR = 6,76) possuíram maior chance de serem focos. No estrato amostral 2, a existência de mais de 42 bovinos no rebanho (OR = 5,31), utilização de inseminação artificial (OR = 11,72), compra de reprodutores em exposição (OR = 16,7) e confinamento/semi-confinamento dos animais (OR = 2,99) foram os fatores mais associados com a presença da doença. A vacinação de fêmeas entre três e oito meses de idade foi um fator protetor contra a doença nos dois estratos amostrais e em todo o Estado. Não houve tendência de formação de agrupamentos espaciais de focos em relação às propriedades livres.As result of a partnership joining the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), the Animal and Plant Health Institute of the State of Espírito Santo (IDAF-ES) and the Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health (VPS) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny (FMVZ) of the University of São Paulo (USP), a seroepidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis was conducted in State of Espírito Santo, Southeast region of Brazil. The State was stratified in two sampling strata according to the predominant farm enterprise and the operational capacity of the IDAF-ES to conducting the field work. The sampling was delineated for the determination of the prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals for bovine brucellosis per sampling stratum. It was made a random selection of 300 herds (primary units) per sampling stratum, and inside the primary units, if the herd was constituted by up to 99 cows over 24 months of age, 10 cows of the same age (secondary units) were randomly sampled, or all existing cows if they did not totalize 10 cows; if the herd was constituted by more than 99 cows over 24 months of age, 15 cows of the same age were randomly sampled. A total of 5370 blood samples of cows from 636 herds distributed in the sampling strata were collected. On the occasion of the blood collection, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied in each herd and the geographical coordinates were obtained with a GPS. For the serological diagnosis, the Rose Bengal Test was applied as a screening method and the 2-mercaptoetanol test as a confirmatory method. Herds with at least one test-positive animal were considered positive. The following analyses were carried out: (a) determination of the prevalence of positive herds and eropositive animals; (b) identification of risk factors for bovine brucellosis; and (c) spatial clustering analysis of positive herds. The prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals in the State of Espírito Santo were 9.00% [6.97% - 11.55%] and 3.53% [1.93% - 6.37%], respectively. In sampling stratum 1, the prevalence of positive herds and seropositive animals were 6.80% [4.47% - 10.21%] and 3.43% [1.33% - 8.57%], respectively. In sampling stratum 2, the prevalence of positive herds was 10.86% [7.86% - 14.84%] and the prevalence of seropositive animals was 3.69% [2.13% - 6.33%]. The risk factors for bovine brucellosis in State were utilization of artificial insemination (OR = 7.05) and intensive/semi-intensive management systems (OR = 2.98). In sampling stratum 1, herds with more than 15 cows over 24 months of age (OR = 5.18), which rent pasturage (OR = 2.85) and that use artificial insemination (OR = 6.76) presented larger chance of being positive. The risk factors for bovine brucellosis in sampling stratum 2 were: existence of more than 42 bovine in the herd (OR = 5.31), utilization of artificial insemination (OR = 11.72), purchase of bovine reproducers in exhibitions (OR = 16.7) and intensive/semi-intensive management systems (OR = 2.99). The vaccination of heifers between three and eight months of age was a protective factor against the disease in the sampling strata and in State. There was no tendency for spatial clustering of positive herds.
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Dias, Ricardo Augusto. "Caracterização espacial da brucelose bovina no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-06092007-084656/.
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O presente trabalho é resultante de uma parceria estabelecida entre o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), a Coordenadoria de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de São Paulo (CDA) e o Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (VPS-FMVZ-USP). O Estado de São Paulo foi estratificado em sete circuitos produtores de bovinos e 150 rebanhos com atividade reprodutiva foram aleatóriamente selecionados em cada um deles. Em cada rebanho foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico, foram aletoriamente coletadas amostras de soro de 10 ou 15 fêmeas com idade maior ou igual a 24 meses (em rebanhos com < 100 fêmeas, e rebanhos ≥ 100 fêmeas, respectivamente) e as coordenadas geográficas foram obtidas com um aparelho GPS. Os soros foram submetidos a um protocolo de testes em série, tendo o Rosa Bengala como método de triagem e a fixação de complemento como método confirmatório. A prevalência estimada de rebanhos com, ao menos, um animal soropositivo foi de 9,7% [7,8%; 11,6%], enquanto que a prevalência estimada de animais soropositivos foi 3,8% [0,7%; 6,9%], no Estado de São Paulo. Foi elaborado um mapa temático georreferenciado do Estado de São Paulo, no qual evidenciou-se a ausência de agrupamentos espaciais de rebanhos infectados. A análise também procurou medir o grau de associação das características de criação com a presença da doença, sendo que propriedades com 87 ou mais bovinos (OR = 2,25) e compra de reprodutores (OR = 1,56) foram as mais associadas. O modelo matemático proposto nesse trabalho mostrou que deverá ser intensificado o esforço para a vacinação de fêmeas e que, mesmo assim, os benefícios advindos da adoção desta medida, em termos de queda da prevalência da doença e diminuição do número de abortos, só se darão em prazos que podem alcançar décadas.The present work is the result of a partnership established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), the Animal and Plant Health Service of the State of São Paulo (CDA) and the Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health of the University of São Paulo (VPS-FMVZ-USP). The State of São Paulo was stratified in seven cattle production regions and 150 herds with reproductive activity were randomly sampled within each one. In each herd was applied an epidemiological questionnaire, 10 or 15 cows over 24 months of age (on herds with < 100 cows, and herds ≥ 100 cows, respectively) were bled at random and the geographical coordinates were recorded with a GPS. Sera were tested using a serial test-ing procedure with the Rose Bengal Test as the screening method and the Complement Fixation as the con-firmatory method. The estimated prevalence of herds with at least one test-positive animal was 9.7% [7.8%; 11.6%], whereas the estimated prevalence of test-positive cattle was 3.8% [0.7%; 6.9%]. It was developed a georeferenced thematic map of the state of São Paulo, which revealed the absence of spatial clusters of infected herds. The analysis looked into the likely association of herd characteristics with the presence of the infection. The most associated characteristics were farms with more than 87 bovines (OR = 2.25) and reproduction animals reposition (OR = 1.56). A mathematical model was proposed in the present work, in wich the female vaccination effort was proposed to be intensificated, but according to the same model, the benefits of this measure will only be noticed, in terms of brucellosis prevalence and number of abortions decrease, in a matter of decades.
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TENÓRIO, Taciana Galba da Silva. "Aspectos zoonóticos da brucelose bovina no município de Correntes, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5848.
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The brucellosis is a cosmopolitan anthropozoonosis of economical and in public healthy importance, having the man as accidental host in the epidemiological chain. Front to the exposed, the objective of this research was to study the epidemiological aspects related to Brucella abortus infection in bovine and human, aiming the characterization of the zoonotic character of bovine brucellosis in Correntes town, micro region of Garanhuns, Pernambuco State. A total of 1.145 serum samples were examined to search for antibody anti-Brucella abortus, being 1.089 bovines and 56 human, that resulted in 1.437 serum determinations performed. Samples of both specie were examined by the tamponated acidified antigen (TAA), being the bovine serum positive (74) submitted to the 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME), and the humans (56) submitted to the standard tube - agglutination (STA) and to the 2-ME. In the cases of reaction to the STA and/or 2-ME, for any title, the human samples were examined by the complement fixation test (CF). With the objective to characterize the risk factors associated to the infection in bovine and among the bovine and human specie, were carried out a questionnaire in each property. To the TAA the serum prevalence was (74/1.089) for bovine and 1.8% (1/56) for human. To the STA was observed positivity in 21.4% (12/56) of the human samples, having no, however, reagent samples to the 2-ME (0% - 0/12). Human samples reagent to TAA (1) or to STA (12) showed negativity to the FC (0% - 0/12). From the 28 studied herds, 18 showed at least one positive animal, determining a prevalence of focus of 64.3% (18/28). Among the analyzed risk factors, the properties that performed the manual milking and had flow of animals exhibited significant association to the brucellosis (p>0,05), contrary to those that practiced mechanical milking and did not sell animals. The bovine brucellosis, despite the official efforts, is characterized as a risk factor to human infection in the town of Correntes, State of Pernambuco, Brazil.
A brucelose é uma antropozoonose cosmopolita, de importância econômica e em saúde pública, tendo o homem como hospedeiro acidental na cadeia epidemiológica. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar os aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados à infecção por Brucella abortus em bovinos e humanos, com vistas à caracterização do caráter zoonótico da brucelose bovina no Município de Correntes, Microrregião de Garanhuns, Estado de Pernambuco. Ao todo foram examinadas 1.145 amostras séricas para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus, sendo 1.089 bovinas e 56 humanas, que resultaram em 1.437 determinações sorológicas realizadas. As amostras de ambas as espécies foram examinadas pelo teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), sendo as bovinas soropositivas (74), submetidas ao 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME), e as humanas (56) submetidas à soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAL) e ao 2-ME. Nos casos de reação ao SAL e/ou 2-ME, para qualquer título, as amostras humanas foram examinadas pela técnica de fixação do complemento. Com o intuito de caracterizar os fatores de risco associados com a infecção em bovinos e entre as espécies bovina e humana, foi aplicado um questionário em cada propriedade. Ao AAT a soroprevalência foi de 6,8% (74/1.089) para bovinos e 1,8% (1/56) para humanos. Ao SAL foi observada positividade em 21,4% (12/56) das amostras humanas, não havendo, entretanto, amostras reagentes ao 2-ME (0% - 0/12). Amostras humanas reagentes ao AAT (1) ou ao SAL (12) apresentaram negatividade ao FC (0% - 0/12). Dos 28 rebanhos estudados 18 apresentaram pelos menos um animal positivo, determinando uma prevalência de focos de 64,3% (18/28). Dentre os fatores de risco analisados, as propriedades que praticavam ordenha manual e possuíam trânsito de animais apresentaram associação significativa com a brucelose (p>0,05), contrariamente àquelas que utilizavam ordenha mecânica e não vendiam animais. A brucelose bovina, apesar dos esforços oficiais, se mantém nos rebanhos leiteiros do município estudado, e como tal, caracteriza-se como um fator de risco à infecção para humanos no Município de Correntes, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.
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Aguiar, Ricardo Souza Costa Barão de. "Caracterização epidemiológica da brucelose e tuberculose bovinas na região de Campinas, Piracicaba, Bragança Paulista, Limeira, Mogi Mirim e São João da Boa Vista, Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-01072013-102513/.
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Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose e tuberculose bovinas na região de Campinas, Piracicaba, Bragança Paulista, Limeira, Mogi Mirim e São João da Boa Vista. Foram aleatoriamente amostradas 251 propriedades com criação de bovinos, sendo que nestas, eram sorteadas 40 ou 20 fêmeas acima de 24 meses para diagnóstico de tuberculose e 15 ou 10 fêmeas acima de 24 meses para diagnóstico sorológico de brucelose, dependendo do total de fêmeas existentes. O rebanho foi considerado positivo para brucelose quando havia pelo menos um animal com diagnóstico positivo. Para tuberculose, em propriedades com mais de 99 fêmeas acima de 24 meses, era necessário pelo menos dois animais positivos para a propriedade ser classificada como positiva, enquanto que em propriedades com até 99 fêmeas acima de 24 meses, um animal positivo classificava a propriedade como positiva. Foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico e com base nesse documento, foram feitas as análises univariada e regressão logística para identificar os fatores de risco associados à condição de foco e calculado o valor de odds ratio para quantificar o risco. A prevalência aparente de focos de brucelose foi 11,2% (IC95% = 7,8;15,8) e de tuberculose foi 14,1% (IC95% = 10,2%; 19%). A prevalência aparente de animais positivos para brucelose foi 2,5% (IC95% = 1,5%; 4,1%) e para tuberculose foi 2,7% (IC95% = 1,6;4,5%). Como fatores de risco associados à brucelose ter mais de 57 bovinos no rebanho, apresentou valor de OR = 4,2 (IC95% = 1,9; 9,5). Para tuberculose, exploração leite apresentou valor de OR = 2,6 (IC95% = 1,3; 5,3), ajustado por aquisição de bovinos, OR = 2,4 (IC95% = 1,2; 5,0). Os esforços para redução da prevalência de brucelose não surtiram efeito mesmo após 10 anos de aplicação de medidas de controle preconizadas pelo PNCEBT, sugerindo-se a sua reformulação na área de estudo.A study was conducted to characterize the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in Campinas, Piracicaba, Bragança Paulista, Limeira, Mogi Mirim and São João da Boa Vista área, State of São Paulo. A total of 251 farms were randomly selected and in each of them 40 or 20 cows over 24 months were selected for tuberculosis diagnosis and 15 or 10 females over 24 months for brucellosis diagnosis depending on the existing total females. The herd was considered positive for brucellosis when there was at least one positive animal. For tuberculosis in herds above 99 females over 24 months at least two positive animals to classify the herd as positive. As long as in farms with up to 99 females over 24 months, a positive animal classified the property as positive. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied and based on this document, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with the diseases, based on odds ratio calculation. The apparent prevalence of brucellosis positive herds was 11.2% (95% CI = 7.8, 15.8) and tuberculosis positive herds was 14.1% (95% CI = 10.2%, 19%). The apparent prevalence of positive animals for brucellosis was 2.5% (95% CI = 1.5%, 4.1%) and tuberculosis was 2.7% (95% CI = 1.6, 4.5%). Having more than 57 cattle in the herd, with an OR = 4.2 (95% CI = 1.9, 9.5) was associated with brucellosis. Milk farm type with an OR = 2.6 (95% CI = 1.3, 5.3), and cattle purchase, with an OR = 2.4 (95% CI = 1.2, 5.0) were associated with tubercullosis. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of brucellosis do not reached the expected effects even after 10 years of implementation of control measures recommended by the PNCEBT. Therefore, the reformulation of the Program is recommended in the study area.
Books on the topic "Bovine brucellosis"
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Odru, A. Standardization of the buffered antigen (rose bengal) test for bovine brucellosis. Karachi, Pakistan: Published for the OICD, APHIS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture by Mrs. Geti Saad, 1989.
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Dietrich, Raymond A. Potential animal health concerns relative to cattle fever ticks, classical swine fever, and bovine brucellosis, with special emphasis on Texas. College Station, Tex: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, 2000.
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Joseph, Litamoi, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Quality control testing of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia live attenuated vaccine: Standard operating procedures. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996.
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College, Ontario Veterinary, ed. Contagious abortion in cattle. Toronto: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.
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(US), National Research Council. Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area. National Academies Press, 1998.
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Lehane, Robert. Beating the Odds in a Big Country: The Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis in Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bovine brucellosis"
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Wright, P. F., and K. H. Nielsen. "Application of Enzyme Immunoassay in Veterinary Medicine: Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis." In Nonisotopic Immunoassay, 129–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5466-6_7.
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Carrillo, Carlo, and Eduardo Gotuzzo. "Brucellosis." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha, 875–78. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0128.
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This chapter focuses on brucellosis as a zoonotic disease found in Latin America, Mediterranean countries, and Arabian countries. It points out how the number of cases of brucellosis dropped from 6,147 in 1947 to 104 in 1991 with modern bovine brucellosis eradication, mainly by pasteurization of milk or dairy products. It also looks at cases of brucellosis in the United States that are related to occupational exposure to Brucella abortus. The chapter discusses Brucella melitensis as the pathogen responsible for severe clinical patterns and chronic forms due to the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products in Texas and Florida. It explains brucellosis as one of the most protean diseases, which can be divided it into three forms: Acute brucellosis, Subacute brucellosis, and Chronic brucellosis.
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"Primary Binding Techniques for the Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis — Enzyme Immunoassay." In Animal Brucellosis, 209–46. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351069687-12.
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DAVID AUGUSTO CAVALCANTE DE, OLIVEIRA, PORTAL CAMILLE GABRIELA RAMOS, OLIVEIRA CARLOS AUGUSTO CAVALCANTE DE, ARAÚJO ARIELLEN DA ROCHA, and BATISTA RINALDO VIANA. "BRUCELLOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IN BRAZIL: A BRIEF REVIEW." In PERSPECTIVAS DAS CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS NA SOCIEDADE 5.0: EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E AMOR, 228–32. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-88970-07-2.228-232.
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Brucellosis has been defined as a zoonotic disease affecting a myriad of species like bovine and buffalo’s herd. This disease has broadly been reported in many regions from Brazil which may give rises economic losses because of reproductive problems caused to the home farm animals, including the necrosis process within testicles resulting upon male sterility and birth of weak calf and retention of the fetal membrane upon female ruminants (SOUSA et al., 2015, 2017). Because abortion personifies the key symptom, brucellosis is usually referred to as Infectious Abortion, Contagious Abortion, or Bang Disease; each abortion occurred must be considered as brucellosis. The causer of brucellosis on cattle and buffaloes is a gram-negative coco-bacilli of the genus Brucella named Brucella abortus of which DNA may be found for about second to last pregnancy month within both maternal tissue and fetal fluid. Epidemiologically, the main infection pathway in buffaloes is the uterine transmission (SOUSA et al., 2015; LEITE and BASTIANETTO, 2009; SILVEIRA, 2006) but the transmissions encompass contact with bacteria including oral, conjunctive, and dermal pathways, natural mount, and artificial insemination for both cattle and buffaloes. There are no therapeutical treatments for brucellosis which may be diagnosed by either direct (PCR, bacterium isolation, and so forth) or indirect (serology) exam. Once diagnosed, the appropriate control commonly used is the elimination of reagent animals whereas may involve modulation in animal transit as well. The present paper categorizes and describes common diagnostics, transmission pathways, and control methods in cattle and buffaloes within signs of brucellosis. Moreover, it was hypothesized the age may relate with an immunological response with the subsequent incidence of such disease.
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Sanz, Marta Gonzalez, and Caoimhe Nic Fhogartaigh. "Zoonotic Infections." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0046.
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The term zoonosis comes from the Greek: ζῷον (zoon) ‘animal’ and νόσος (nosos) ‘sickness’, and means an infection transmissible from animals to humans. Infected animals can be symptomatic or asymptomatic, and humans usually become accidental hosts through close contact with the reservoir animal. Six out of ten infections in humans globally are spread from animals, and 75% of emerging infections are zoonotic. Some occur worldwide e.g. E. coli O157:H7, whereas some are more restricted geographically, e.g. Ebola virus. The highest burden is in developing countries. There are various classifications of zoonoses. ● Causative pathogen: bacterial (anthrax, non-typhoidal Salmonelloses); viral (rabies, Yellow Fever, hantaviruses); parasitic (hookworm, Giardia, toxoplasmosis); fungal (dermatophytes, histoplasmosis); or prion (new-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). ● Mode of transmission (see Section 35.3 and Table 35.1 below) ● Distribution: endemic zoonoses are continually present in a population (e.g. leptospirosis, brucellosis); epidemic zoonoses occur intermittently (e.g. anthrax, Rift Valley Fever); emerging zoonoses are new infections, or existing infections that are increasing in incidence or geographical range (e.g. Nipah virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus). ● Direct contact: infectious particles are present on an infected animal, in its body fluids, and in its excreta. Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, and brucellosis may be acquired by direct contact with infected animals, particularly during parturition; cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae, and Pasteurella spp. may be acquired by bites or scratches from cats, and rabies from canine bites. Many zoonoses are also transmitted via indirect animal contact through exposure to soil or water contaminated by infectious material, e.g. leptospirosis may be acquired when water contaminated with infected rats’ urine comes into contact with broken skin or mucous membranes. ● Ingestion: infection occurs by ingesting contaminated food or water, e.g. unpasteurized milk, poorly processed or undercooked meat, or by eating/ drinking after handling animals without handwashing. Listeria, bovine tuberculosis, and brucellosis may be transmitted by unpasteurized milk and dairy produce; Hepatitis E through processed pork, and Ebola and Marburg through bushmeat. ● Vector-borne: infection is transmitted through a biting arthropod vector. Examples include West Nile Virus and Japanese encephalitis from mosquitoes, Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever from ticks, and Rickettsia typhi from rat fleas.
Conference papers on the topic "Bovine brucellosis"
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Kang, Gloria J., L. Gunaseelan, and Kaja M. Abbas. "Epidemiological modeling of bovine brucellosis in India." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004420.
Full textReports on the topic "Bovine brucellosis"
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Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.