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Journal articles on the topic 'Bow and arrows'
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1
Khorasani, Manouchehr Moshtagh. "El arma sagrada: el combate con arco y flecha en Irán." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 5, no. 1 (July 13, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v5i1.124.
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<p class="AMresumen">The following article presents the development of the bow and arrow, and its important role in the history of Iran. The bow always played an important role not only on the battlefield, but also in hunting. It was also considered as a sacred weapon and additionally a royal symbol. Bow and arrow were considered as a superior weapon in comparison with other types of weapons because one could fight with them at a safer distance as one offered by swords, maces and axes. The first part of the article presents a short history of the bow in Iran. Based on historical Persian manuscripts, the next part explains the structure of the composite bow and the materials used for making it. The third part describes some types of bows based on the material, place of production, the usage, and bow type based on the length of the bow and the arrows. The following part talks about different types of arrows based on morphology of arrowheads, the type of plume/feather, the material of the shaft, the material of the arrowhead, the length of arrows, the target of arrows, the place of production of arrowheads and terms for describing its different features of an arrowhead. Then, the article talks about different types of thumb rings, bowstrings, quivers and bow cases and arrow guides for shooting short arrows. The next part discusses different principles of archery as explained in Persian manuscripts. Finally the article describes different archery targets.</p>
2
Ohara, Masashi, Naoki Kawasaki, Jun Nakahama, Yogo Takada, and Hitoshi Watanabe. "Development of an Archery Robot for the Selection of Arrows." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049115.
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The appropriate selection of arrows in the sport of archery is important to the achievement of high-quality results. In this regard, a shooting machine that is compatible with the wide variety of available bows and arrows is necessary. However, bow strength and arrow length vary among different athletes. It is also important to develop a shooting machine that reproduces the movement of the right fingers that releases an arrow, and the forward jump of a bow after shooting an arrow. In this study, a shooting machine was developed that considered these factors. Its efficacy was examined in terms of its ability to determine the characteristics of each arrow, and to distinguish between normal and flawed arrows. Based on the experimental results, we identified the factors that affected the shooting accuracy of arrows. In addition, the developed shooting machine was able to distinguish between normal and flawed arrows.
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Pécsi, Levente, Judit Pásztor, and András Kakucs. "Bending-Testing of Arrows." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 9, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2018.09.43.
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Abstract Archery is a tradition, a style of martial arts and a competitive sport, while at the same time being an art form. The equipment consists of a bow and arrows. The deflection of the arrow is a very important characteristic, one which has a decisive influence on how and if the arrow reaches the target. This has a tremendous impact on the performance of the archer in both competition and archery demonstrations. The quantification and measurement of arrow deflection is equally important to both manufacturers and archers. It is affected by the arrow’s static bending. In this paper the bend of the arrow shall be determined.
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Dinu, Daniel, Nicolas Houel, and Marc Dellenbach. "Modélisation du trajet global de la flèche avec différents types d'équipements." Sport Science Review 20, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2011): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10237-011-0044-5.
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Modélisation du trajet global de la flèche avec différents types d'équipements Skill in archery directly depends on the interaction between the subject, the bow and the arrow when shooting. Researches in biomechanics of archery have frequently described the different coordination and muscular activation during the shoot of the subject. Few of them describe the influence of the bow (mechanical characteristics, stabilizers, etc.) on the subject's skill and physical capacities. The aim of the study is to compare the influence of two bows on the subject's skill. An international level archer shot a sequence of twelve arrows (A1) X10, 380 (Easton) and a sequence of twelve arrows (A2) X10 Pro Tour, 380 (Easton). Each sequence of arrows were shot with two bows (B1: 27 inch Inno carbon bow handle associated with 70 inch and 38 lb bow limb; B2 : 25 inch Inno bow carbon handle associated with 70 inch and 40 lb bow limb). All archers' shots were performed on a 70 m distant target. For each arrow, heights at shot (H1) and on the target (H2) were measured. The velocity (km.h-1) of the arrow was recorded using Stalker ATS radar when it left the bow. The angle (α) between the arrow and the horizontal axis was estimated using the previous measurement and the Newton's law. Multi-varied Anova test was used to define the influence of bows and arrows on the shot parameter (V) and archer's skill (α, H2). Results show that the use of the B2A2 condition would be the less interesting for this archer's skill in order to perform the centre of the target. Indeed, H2 with B2A2 condition is usually 10 cm above the centre of the target. The use of the B2A1 condition could permit the archer to perform the centre of the target as accurately as the B1 conditions. When using B2A1 condition, a shot is realized with smaller velocity (219±0.3 versus 226±0 km.h-1) and bigger angle α (5.45±0.3 versus 5.16±0.03 degree). For this archer, B2A1 condition could help him to reach the centre of the target with less energy to bend the bow and shoot with less velocity, and bigger range of angle when shooting (0.6 versus 0.08 degree).
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Vertiienko, H. "THE ARMS OF ANCIENT IRANIANS BY THE TEXTS OF YOUNG AVESTA: DISTANT WEAPON." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 136 (2018): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.136.1.03.
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In paper is provided the analysis of the Young Avestan lexis connected with the terminology of the distant weapon of Ancient Iranians – bow and arrows. The wide range of its differentiation is revealed. The new semantic interpretations and additions are offered to several terms: sruuī.staii- (designation of a horny shaft of an arrow); tiγråŋhō, aŋhū- (designation of bow tips); aštaiiō (the position of four cubit length of bow pull); arəzaži- (metaphor of an arrow); ϑanuuarətan- (metaphor of a bow-string).
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Šmit, Žiga. "Archery by the Apaches – implications of using the bow and arrow in hunter-gatherer communities." Documenta Praehistorica 43 (December 30, 2016): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.43.28.
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This review focuses on the technical and social details of production, training, and use of archery equipment by a Native American tribe, the Apaches. The study aims to understand the use of the bow in the Mesolithic and Early and Middle Neolithic societies of the Old World. The paper further describes arrow ballistics. An arrow and bow with similar dimensions and materials to those used by the Apaches was reconstructed and used in ballistic experiments. Shooting and the subsequent model calculation showed that the effective range of arrows made of reed and projected by a bow of medium strength (16–18kg) was not more than approx. 20m. Due to the initial flat part of the ballistic trajectory, such arrows were quite efficient in close-range contests. Within the model calculation, a regression procedure was introduced to determine the arrow air-drag parameters from an ensemble of shots.
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Hildebrandt, William R., and Jerome H. King. "Distinguishing Between Darts and Arrows in the Archaeological Record: Implications for Technological Change in the American West." American Antiquity 77, no. 4 (October 2012): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.77.4.789.
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AbstractWe propose a new method for differentiating archaeological atlatl darts from arrow points. Our dart-arrow index accurately distinguishes known (hafted) archaeological examples of darts and arrows. We find that ethnographic collections of hafted arrows used by previous researchers are problematic, and should not be used as control samples for differentiating darts from arrows. We use the dart-arrow index to reassess the projectile points described by Ames et al. (2010). The analysis shows that Hatwai Eared (4400–2800 B.P.) and Cascade (8500–4500 B.P.) points were darts, not arrows as Ames et al. argue, and that a major revision of the history of bow-and-arrow technology in western North America is unnecessary.
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Park, James L., Patrick J. Aitchison, Adam J. Bielby, Vincent Bleakley, Trent P. Carberry, Richard M. Ellis, Richard D. Kerner, et al. "Effect of arrow shaft straightness on arrow grouping." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117736705.
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Arrows are available in various straightness grades. Their grouping ability as the straightness varied was assessed using a compound bow and shooting machine. The research showed that archers would benefit from selecting arrows with the highest straightness grades (as might be expected). In addition, nock selection was determined to significantly impact group size. The fletches needed to be set at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the arrow shaft in order to have the arrows spin while in free flight, as that further reduced the group size.
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Tomka, Steve A. "The Adoption of the Bow and Arrow: A Model Based on Experimental Performance Characteristics." American Antiquity 78, no. 3 (July 2013): 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.3.553.
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AbstractThe timing of the arrival of the bow and arrow in the New World and reasons for its adoption have long been discussed by archaeologists. It typically has been assumed that the bow and arrow provided mechanical and physical advantages over the atlatl and dart, particularly in long-range killing power. This experimental study examines the effectiveness of traditional bows and arrows to deliver lethal wounds to prey species of different sizes. The results suggest that the bow and arrow was effective in hunting prey species such as antelope and deer but ineffective in bringing down larger animals unless changes in hunting strategies were adopted. In contrast, the atlatl and dart would have excelled in large game hunting. It is proposed that the adoption of the bow and arrow and the abandonment of the atlatl and dart were conditioned by their distinct performance advantages and changes in the game species targeted over time.
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Park, James L. "The dynamic behaviour of an arrow in wind." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120910015.
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Target archery competitions are conducted outdoors, exposed to the prevailing weather conditions. Competition takes place over long target distances and wind drift of the arrows is a significant cause of score loss. In this article, the dynamic behaviour of an arrow in free flight and wind drift are modelled, allowing for both the arrow initially aligning itself with the resultant airflow and the arrow flexing. The arrow has been modelled as an inextensible flexible beam, and the resulting partial differential equations solved using a finite difference method. Lift and drag for the various arrow components have been calculated using the local angle of attack for those components. It is shown that archers should use small diameter arrow shafts with a high density in order to minimise wind drift. Even for the best arrows, the drift for a 3-m/s side wind is greater than four score rings for a recurve bow at a target distance of 70 m with a 1220-mm diameter target face and nearly two score rings for a compound bow at a target distance of 50 m with an 800-mm diameter target face.
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Erlandson, Jon M., Jack L. Watts, and Nicholas P. Jew. "Darts, Arrows, and Archaeologists: Distinguishing Dart and Arrow Points in the Archaeological Record." American Antiquity 79, no. 1 (January 2014): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.1.162.
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AbstractUsing several methods to distinguish dart and arrow points, archaeologists have suggested that the bow and arrow appeared in various parts of the world between ˜65,000 and 1,000 years ago. Hildebrandt and King (2012) proposed a dart-arrow index (DAI) to help differentiate dart and arrow points, rejecting claims that the bow and arrow was introduced to western North America prior to the Late Holocene. We used the DAI and other methods to evaluate ˜11,700-year-old projectile points from Santa Rosa Island, obtaining mean values below the threshold for darts, comparable to several North American arrow point types. We have no direct evidence that these small points were used on darts, arrows, or hand-thrown spears, but faunal associations suggest that they may have served as harpoon tips used on atlatl darts to capture birds, fish, and marine mammals. The DAI and other methods for discriminating between dart and arrow points are based almost exclusively on ethnographic and archaeological specimens from interior regions. Our analysis suggests that such methods should not be applied universally, especially in coastal or other aquatic settings, and that archaeologists should continue to critically assess the antiquity of the bow and arrow and the function of projectile points worldwide.
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Medinaceli, Armando, and Robert J. Quinlan. "Firearms Effects on Tsimane’ Hunting and Traditional Knowledge in Bolivian Amazonia." Ethnobiology Letters 9, no. 2 (October 4, 2018): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.9.2.2018.1154.
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Subsistence hunting is a key activity for indigenous Amazonian people. Traditional Tsimane’ bow hunting was strongly affected by the introduction of firearms over 30 years ago. Tsimane’ of Bolivia maintain traditional hunting techniques with bows and arrows, sometimes in conjunction with modern firearms. This study explores Tsimane' perceived costs and benefits of bow- versus gun-hunting. We consider cultural conservation in addition to factors typical in ecological comparisons of traditional and introduced hunting technologies. Firearms are expensive and less reliable than bows and arrows. Costs of purchasing firearms requires market engagement and surplus production to generate cash. Tsimane’ do not identify overhunting as one of the costs of firearms; though multiple studies show reduced game populations in areas under moderate to intense gun-hunting pressure. In sum, Tsimane’ identify multiple benefits to traditional hunting technology, while firearms have a strong effect of the loss of knowledge regarding fabrication of bows and arrows, and present a challenge to Tsimane’ cultural identity as bow-hunters.
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Kharitonov, Roman M., and Mikhail A. Kharitonov. "Early 20th Century Postcards as a Source for Studying the Buryats’ Archery Complex." Archaeology and Ethnography 20, no. 7 (2021): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-144-156.
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Purpose. The article analyzes items of the Buryats’ archery complex depicted on the postcards of the early 20th century. These are bows and arrows, quivers, bow cases, belts and one arrow storage. Also in the article, the history of photographs are examined, the authorship and dating of the photographs are found. Results. In total, four postcards with east Buryats and three postcards with west Buryats were found. The analysis showed that all the images have bows with similar geometrical features that tells us about the proximity of structures. Items similar in geometry are now kept in museums and private collections and belong to the Buryat traditional culture and differ from the Manchu tradition bows, popular among the peoples of South Siberia and Central Asia. All the Buryat quivers have a special shape and are called “humpbacked” in publications. The bow cases are shaped like half a bow. Quivers and bow cases are represented in two decorative traditions: western and eastern. In western tradition, usually the entire front surface of quivers and bow cases is covered with metal plates of various shapes. The edges were decorated with sub-rectangular plates using vajra and “ram’s horn symbols”. The central part of the bow cases was filled with discs, the same part of the quivers contains a disk and a ‘comet’. Eastern tradition shows the use of metal plates much less frequently. One image shows a quiver similar in design to Mongolian items, however, in shape resembling Buryat “humpbacked” quivers. One image shows an arrow storage – a case for storing arrows. The images also show the features of wearing and using items of the archery complex. Conclusion. The postcard images confirm previous conclusions about the uniqueness of the Buryat archery complex and make it possible to highlight new typical features. All of this tells us about the importance of referring to visual sources including postcards when studying weapons.
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Cosumov, Marina. "Education: 12. Artistic Education / Education Through Art in Contemporary School from a Transdisciplinary Perspective." Review of Artistic Education 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2018-0034.
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Abstract Pupils are interested in concrete problems they are faced with in everyday life and looking explanations and practical solutions to these problems. To identify issues related to the transdiciplinary dimension of music education we shall investigate the concepts of disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, these being the four arrows of a single bow: the bow of knowledge.
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Western, A. C., and W. McLeod. "Woods Used in Egyptian Bows and Arrows." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 81, no. 1 (December 1995): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339508100112.
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Presentation of the results of botanical analyses of wood from ancient Egyptian bows and arrows in the collections of four museums, together with comments on the possible sources of the timbers, their qualities and some of their other uses. Most of the pieces (including all the bow fragments) came from indigenous trees. Five arrows made from imported wood are dated to the Twenty-sixth Dynasty, but three others, also imports, are assigned to the Protodynastic Period.
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Shott, Michael J. "Spears, Darts, and Arrows: Late Woodland Hunting Techniques in the Upper Ohio Valley." American Antiquity 58, no. 3 (July 1993): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282105.
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The belief that the bow and arrow replaced the spear and/or dart as hunting weapons in eastern North America between 1500 and 1200 B.P. is tested using a classification function that identifies bifaces as either spear/dart or arrow points. Results and their alternative interpretations bear important implications for the timing and nature of the technological transition. Moreover, the economic consequences of the transition are at once subtler and less profound than often supposed. Ethnographic data do not support simple notions of a uniform increase in acquisition efficiency across target species with the adoption of the bow and arrow.
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Okumura, Mercedes, and Astolfo G. M. Araujo. "Contributions to the Dart versus Arrow Debate: New Data from Holocene Projectile Points from Southeastern and Southern Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 4 (December 4, 2015): 2349–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140625.
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Lithic bifacial points are very common in the southern and southeastern regions of the Brazilian territory. Dated from Early to Late Holocene, these artifacts have not been studied in terms of their propulsion system. Given the characteristics of the bow and arrow compared to the atlatl and dart, there are important differences in the size and weight of arrowheads and dart points. Applying the techniques proposed by Shott (1997), Bradbury (1997), Fenenga (1953), Hughes (1998), and Hildebrandt and King (2012) to specimens recovered from eight sites dating from the early to the late Holocene, this work aims to present preliminary results to better understand the potential presence of darts and arrows in southeastern and southern Brazil. There was a variation in the results according to the application of different techniques. At least one set of points, dated from the Early Holocene, presented quite a high proportion of specimens classified as arrows, indicating the presence of points that could be used as arrowheads.
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Cassen, Serge, Valentin Grimaud, Philip De Jersey, and Laurent Lescop. "The Recording and Representation of Neolithic Engravings in the Déhus Passage Grave (Vale, Guernsey)." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81 (March 25, 2015): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2015.3.
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In the course of making a digital record of a bow engraved on the lower face of a capstone in the Déhus passage grave, on Guernsey, several new motifs were observed, necessitating a reinterpretation of the composition as a whole.While the presence of a bow and two arrows is confirmed by photogrammetry and images obtained under directional lighting, the anthropomorphic figure can now be better defined, and compared to figures recently recognised in the Paris Basin. The presence of ‘hands’, however, cannot be confirmed, and these engravings may instead represent two horned animals in contact with two further motifs, one of which is certainly a throwing stick.
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Karimah, Desti, Acep Samsudin, and Dicky Jhoansyah. "Analisis Target Laba Dalam Memaksimalkan Laba Umkm Alvo Archery Kota Sukabumi." Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v1i1.626.
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This study aims to implement a profit target analysis at the Alvo Archery UKM so that the planned profit target is achieved. This study uses the method of observation and direct interviews with UKM Alvo Archery to obtain the required data. Research Results, Alvo Archery MSMEs must sell products: 108 horse bow units, 131 units of Batman, 95 units of brave units, 159 units of Adult units, Elegant Kids with 396 units, Adult Street Fighter with 193 units, Street Fighter Kids with 173 units, 143 units of elegant long bow, 128 units of Mindful, 157 units of Extreme, 128 units of Fight Black, 157 units of KZN 117, 1299 Arrows of Alvo Fiber, 2320 units of Arrow Bambu Sponge, 2320 Arrow Ramin Sponge unit, Target Board 50x50x5 as many as 773, Target Board 100x100x5 as many as 286 units. Conclusion, based on the above data, then Alvo Archery MSMEs must make profit planning in advance so that the desired profit can be achieved. From the results of the above calculations, Alvo Archery MSMEs must sell their products as much as calculated above so that the planned profits are achieved and get the maximum profit.
Keywords: Target Profit, Profit, UMKM
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Lau, Michael, Hoam Chung, James L. Park, and Sunita Chauhan. "A device for measuring the variable lateral bow angle and its impact on score loss." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 3 (December 4, 2018): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118815026.
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During competitions, archers lose points due to errors that vary linearly or quadratically according to the distance to a target. Minimizing the quadratic variables, such as bow cant variation, should result in improvements in an archer’s performance at longer distances in major competitions. Theoretically, a bow cant angle variation of 0.1° from shot to shot can significantly affect an individual’s score. However, this error factor has not been directly measured or observed. Thus, a wireless sensor suite was developed to measure the bow’s movements and confirm that such variations exist. This unit can measure up to 0.05° in multiple orientations and record additional information, such as acceleration at 200 Hz sampling rate. Based on results from experiments with six state-level archers, the wireless sensor system successfully recorded more than 200 shots. From the acquired data, variations were reported from shot to shot. Therefore, it is predicted that an archer may lose up to 23 points per 36 arrows shot using a recurve bow due to this lateral bow angle variation.
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Dong, Jie, Kan Shi, Yang Zhang, and Yan'An Yao. "Mechanism analysis of ancient Chinese crossbows." Mechanical Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-437-2020.
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Abstract. In ancient China, people integrated the original bow, the bowstring, and a cam mechanism to develop a powerful weapon which was named the crossbow. It was one of the most frequently used weapons during the 5th century BC to the 18th century AD. Because it used the elasticity of the bow and the bowstring to shoot arrows, it was used for long-distance attacks. After the 4th century BC, the technology of producing crossbows was very sophisticated. Since the topological structure of the crossbow has a different configuration during the shooting process, it is defined as a reconfigurable mechanism. This paper uses the topological matrix to present the topological structures of the original crossbow and the Chu State repeating crossbow. A brief history of the development of the crossbow in ancient China is given. The Mongolian traditional bow is provided as an example to describe the manufacturing process of the bow. Then, topological structures of the original crossbow and Chu State repeating crossbow are derived. The degrees of freedom of two crossbows are proposed to check the constrained motion. Finally, 3D computer graphics of two crossbows are presented to illustrate the shooting processes.
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Langley, Michelle C., Noel Amano, Oshan Wedage, Siran Deraniyagala, M. M. Pathmalal, Nimal Perera, Nicole Boivin, Michael D. Petraglia, and Patrick Roberts. "Bows and arrows and complex symbolic displays 48,000 years ago in the South Asian tropics." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (June 2020): eaba3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3831.
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Archaeologists contend that it was our aptitude for symbolic, technological, and social behaviors that was central to Homo sapiens rapidly expanding across the majority of Earth’s continents during the Late Pleistocene. This expansion included movement into extreme environments and appears to have resulted in the displacement of numerous archaic human populations across the Old World. Tropical rainforests are thought to have been particularly challenging and, until recently, impenetrable by early H. sapiens. Here, we describe evidence for bow-and-arrow hunting toolkits alongside a complex symbolic repertoire from 48,000 years before present at the Sri Lankan site of Fa-Hien Lena—the earliest bow-and-arrow technology outside of Africa. As one of the oldest H. sapiens rainforest sites outside of Africa, this exceptional assemblage provides the first detailed insights into how our species met the extreme adaptive challenges that were encountered in Asia during global expansion.
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Houel, N., D. Dinu, D. Seyfried, and M. Dellenbach. "Poster Session III, July 15th 2010 — Abstracts Influence of archery handle bow, bow limb and arrows on international level archer’s skill." Procedia Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 2010): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.196.
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Jeon, Minsook. "A study on the Iconograghy of Buddhist figures with 'holding a bow and arrows'." Dongak Art History 26 (December 31, 2019): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17300/dah.2019.26.4.
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Seong, Chuntaek. "Tanged points, microblades and Late Palaeolithic hunting in Korea." Antiquity 82, no. 318 (December 1, 2008): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00097647.
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AbstractThe present study examines the stone weapons available in Late Palaeolithic Korea, showing how the change in lithics signals a change in hunting strategy. In advance of the Late Glacial Maximum, a tanged spear tip flourished, reflecting the hunting of large mammals associated with the colder climate. In the more variable climate that followed, the prevalence of microliths suggests lightweight composite hunting weapons mostly used in pursuit of small game and diverse food resources. These weapons eventually included bow and arrows in the final Pleistocene.
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Khudyakov, Yuliy S., and Kubatbek Sh Tabaldiev. "Archers on the Petroglyphs of Kara-Too in Kyrgyzstan." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 7 (2019): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-7-142-147.
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Purpose. The article analyzes in details two small petroglyphic compositions with human figures and hoofed animals made in the technique of dotted engraving on rocky ridges, which were discovered in the mountains of Kara-Too, a part of the mountain range of Tian Shan in Kyrgyzstan, and provides a brief description of another similar composition. Results. We summarized the primary events of researching rock graphic arts compositions in mountains, particularly those located in the northern part of the Kyrgyz Republic. The first imagery group, which was discovered at the site Kara-Too, demonstrates a dismounted archer wearing a rounded head-dress and keeping a bow and arrow in his hand, with a bow quiver hung to his belt, and a profile imagery of a hoofed animal with two protuberances on its back, which probably means that the animal is a camel. The second petroglyphic composition shows two archers with bows and arrows in their hands, who are hunting goats. We also give a brief description of the third multi-figure composition present at this petroglyphic location. It includes an imagery of a horseman, some horses, a dog, mountain goats and sheep or Altai argali, as well as a construction with walls and a double-pitch roof. Conclusion. The images of humans and animals in the petroglyphic composition of Kara-Too, which were described in the article, apparently relate to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.
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Gandjeï, Tourkhan. "Turkish in pre-Mongol Persian poetry." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, no. 1 (February 1986): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0004249x.
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The rise and development of Persian poetry in Transoxiana and Khurāsān coincided with the growth in influence of the Turkish element in the Sãmãnid state. Although Turks had alredy been living in these regions at the time of the Arab conquest, it was under the Sāmānids especially that emerged into political and military prominence, having risen form the status of slaves to the highest ranks of power. In the fragmentary survivals of the Persian poetry of this period we not only find mention of Turks but even the occasional word of Turkish origin:‘This cloud is like a crazed Turk, shooting arrows; the lightning his shafts, and the rainbow his bow.’
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Daragan, Marina N. "Scythian Leather Quiver from Bulgakovo." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 26, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 146–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341361.
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Abstract What were items of Scythian archer’s equipment? What materials were used, and how were they produced? These issues remain currently practically unknown. Objects made from organic materials (wood, leather, and textile) in Scythian burials are lost or provide little information. For this reason almost nothing about Scythian archery equipment (bow and quiver) has been known for a long time. This article describes and analyzes the only well preserved quiver found in the Scythian burial of the 4th century BC in the North Pontic Region. The details of a leather quiver bag, a wooden stiffening plate, wooden painted arrows with bronze arrowheads have survived.
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Rafaela Pereira, Diana. "The Infant Jesus as Divine Love: a Dressed Sculpture from Évora’s Museum." Boletín de Arte, no. 37 (November 4, 2017): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/bolarte.2016.v0i37.3428.
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The «Infant Jesus as Divine Love» is a noteworthy example of the exuberance reached by dressed sculptures of the Holy Child in Portugal [1]. The provenance of this 18th century sculpture is unknown1. It may have belonged to a religious institution, before being integrated in the Public Library collection. Finally, in 1915, it was incorporated in Évora’s National Museum. It is a lead sculpture, painted with very realistic flesh tones, in consonance with an elegant shape proper of a classical and erudite workmanship. In this unusual representation the Infant is holding a silver bow, arrows and a quiver, personifying Divine Love. In the left hand he holds a flower bouquet made of silk and paper.
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Crisciuc, Viorica, and Marina Cosumov. "Number 13 / Part I. Music. 5. Transdisciplinary Dimensions of Music Education: Terminological and Conceptual Approaches." Review of Artistic Education 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rae-2017-0005.
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Abstract Complex and integrated nature of issues such as globalization, migration, interculturalism, environmental protection, information explosion, claims a transdisciplinary approach to education and music education. To cope with changes characteristic of the contemporary world, students need as generic skills: the ability to learn how to learn, ability and problem-solving assessment. Transdisciplinarity - involves such issues often highly complex, using tools and rules specific to certain science investigations using concepts of these sciences, but in other contexts. Students are interested in concrete problems faced in everyday life and looking for more of these explanations and practical solutions. To identify issues related to cross-disciplinary dimension of music education concepts will investigate disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary are four arrows of a single bow: knowledge.
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Park, James L. "Winning the mixed team event at major international archery competitions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (July 12, 2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118784452.
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Major international target archery competitions usually include a 72-arrow ranking round, followed by one-on-one knockout matches conducted over a small number of arrows, until one archer or team remains. This article considers the mixed pair team event that includes teams consisting of one male and one female archer, both using the same bow type. The relation between a team’s place in the ranking round and the likelihood of that team finishing in a top position following the one-on-one knockout matches has been modelled and compared to the results from competitions from 2010 to 2017 inclusive. The team’s ranking round score has been used to indicate the ability of each archer in the matches and to calculate the probability of the team winning sufficient matches in succession to succeed in the competition. The study found that the probability of the team winning the competition decreases exponentially with ranking place. Due to the importance of the ranking round, a team must finish in or near the top seven places in the ranking round for the team to have a reasonable chance at winning a medal.
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Fawcett, William B. "Chronology and Projectile Point Neck-Width: An Idaho Example." North American Archaeologist 19, no. 1 (July 1998): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/81vy-4319-dhlg-q1eg.
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Projectile point neck-widths are used to estimate the age of specimens from surface assemblages in southern Idaho. Like other attribute-based dating techniques, it is easier to replicate and can be accomplished with more fragmentary artifacts than more typological-based approaches. Estimating the age in years allows us to examine the past in a more continuous way that avoids problems arising from periodization and discrepancies between archaeologists in their definition of sequences. The availability and physical characteristics of the raw material from which the projectile points were manufactured, along with constraints in scheduling other subsistence resources, may have contributed to the long-term empirical trend toward narrower neck-widths over time. This trend transcends the change in projectile technologies from the earlier atlatl thrown darts to later bow propelled arrows. Both technologies coexisted for at least a millennium in southern Idaho.
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BENJAMIN, N., and B. B. MOHANTY. "Imperial Solution of a Colonial Problem: Bhils of Khandesh up to c. 1850." Modern Asian Studies 41, no. 2 (January 18, 2007): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0500226x.
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Khandesh region in Maharashtra is an extensive plain interspersed with ranges of hills. It is nearly surrounded by broad chains of mountains covered with vegetation. It was inhabited by the Bhils. They lived in hovels which often crested the tops of isolated hills where approach was immediately discovered and easily defended. They shifted to new habitats after a few weeks or months. Turbulent by disposition and skilful hunters by necessity, they obtained their supplies of roots, berries and game from the jungles. As Captain D. C. Graham put it, ‘To barter anything but what was reaped by the hand of violence was an offence against the tribe; to cultivate or engage in mechanical craft deeply degrading; and no employment was considered to be correct which in any way interfered with the cherished burden of the long-bow, and the ponderous sheaf of arrows’.
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Shnider, Steven. "Psalm xviii: theophany, epiphany empowerment." Vetus Testamentum 56, no. 3 (2006): 386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853306778149593.
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AbstractThe theophany in Psalm xviii includes, together with the storm imagery, images of wings/flight and bows/arrows in a combination appearing nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible Hebrew (HB). On the other hand, in the iconography of the ancient Near East, these motifs are often part of a divine apparition, especially to a king in battle. One of the major examples is the winged disc, which in many cases contains the image of a god armed with a bow. We present a number of examples of the motifs of winged gods and bows from Egyptian and Neo-Assyrian sources, both iconographic and textual. In particular, the Neo-Assyrian parallels relate to the theme of the divine glory, kbd, Akk. melammu, and the divine empowerment of the king which assures his victory in battle. In the context of these examples, the theophany (vss. 8-18) and the battle scene (vss. 30, 33-43) can be understood as two perspectives on a single event involving God and the king. This approach leads us to suggest an emendation in the difficult verses, 35-36.
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PINCH, VIJAY. "Gosain Tawaif: Slaves, Sex, and Ascetics in Rasdhan, ca. 1800–1857." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 3 (July 2004): 559–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03001185.
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In the center of the clearing, an aging warrior tries to draw his sword, fury etched upon his face. He faces two young warriors with raised swords who are racing to attack. A distraught old woman restrains the old warrior, while two younger men attempt to calm his attackers. A young boy holding a bow, arrows tucked in his waistband, dashes toward the combatants, in hopes of intervening. In the flash of a moment, perhaps as a result of a misspoken word or a perceived affront, harmony has given way to fracture. The anger on some faces, and despair on others, suggests an earlier time of friendship and love. Only one person is unperturbed. In the foreground a placid young woman observes the unfolding battle while tending a crying newborn. A young boy by her side also looks upon the scene, but with an expression of horror on his face. She, by contrast, seems utterly unconcerned. Indeed, she almost appears to enjoy the collapse of the social world around her. This is a hint, perhaps, about the nature of the conflict, namely, that it somehow revolves around her.
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LIN, KUO-BIN, and CHI-KUANG HWANG. "ANALYSIS OF CORRELATION BETWEEN AIMING ADJUSTMENT TRAJECTORY AND TARGET." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 05, no. 02 (June 2005): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519405001412.
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In archery, there is the relationship among stability of the archer, adjustments made during the aiming procedure, and the targeting coordination. Twelve specialists from the male archery team of National College of Physical Education and Sports took part in this research, with 12 arrows sets up at a distance of 70 m. A laser pen is located on the bow handle for capturing the trajectory of the aiming procedure with a digital video camera, and the other camera for the coordination of target. The Ariel Performance Analysis System motion analysis system is used to obtain the x and y aiming trajectory coordinates for analyzing the correlation. Results of this research were: (1) Ten archers whose variation of the x axis is larger than that of the y axis. (2) There are four archers whose aiming adjustment procedure has all the positive correlation with the target in the x axis, but there are three archers with all negative correlation. (3) In terms of the correlation in the y axis, there are six archers with all positive correlation, but there are two archers with all negative correlation.
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Amaral, Benedito Domingues do. "Fisheries and fishing effort at the Indigenous Reserves Ashaninka/Kaxinawá, river Breu, Brazil/Peru." Acta Amazonica 35, no. 2 (June 2005): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672005000200004.
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This article aimed to describe the subsistence fisheries of traditional populations of three ethnic groups, one Ashaninka and two Kaxinawá, lying on the banks of the River Breu. Initially, monitors were trained to fill logbooks with data from fisheries of the villages during an annual cycle (august/1995 august/1996). Based on these data, it was realized an inventory of the most common fish species caught as well as one about the fishing environment. The following results were obtained: i) Indians prefer to use pools, locally known as "poços", for fishing; ii) the most common caught species are the "mandis" (35%, Pimelodidae), armored catfishes (Loricariidae), specially Hypostomus sp. (25%), the "curimatá" (9%, Prochilodus sp.) and the "saburus" (8%, Curimatidae), among others; iii) the fishing gears that lead to a high rate of fishing are the native "tingui", nets and bow and arrows; iv) fisheries are more intensive during summer; v) the fishing effort and their associated factors statistically significant in predicting the catches in the Indian Reserve were f1 = number of fishermen, f2 = (number of fishermen*total time devoted to fishing), f3 = [(number of fishermen)*(total time devoted to fishing)-(the time displacement)] and the factor villages and fishing gears; vi) although almost all the fisheries are done by walking to the fishing places, catches increase when paddle boats are used; and vii) the most active fishermen belong to Kaxinawá tribe.
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Nussbaum, Martha. "Compassion: The Basic Social Emotion." Social Philosophy and Policy 13, no. 1 (1996): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001515.
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Philoctetes was a good man and a good soldier. When he was on his way to Troy to fight alongside the Greeks, he had a terrible misfortune. By sheer accident he trespassed in a sacred precinct on the island of Lemnos. As punishment he was bitten on the foot by the serpent who guarded the shrine. His foot began to ooze with foul-smelling pus, and the pain made him cry out curses that spoiled the other soldiers' religious observances. They therefore left him alone on the island, a lame man with no resources but his bow and arrows, no friends but the animals who were also his food.Ten years later, according to Sophocles' version of the story, they come to bring him back: for they have learned that they cannot win the war without him. The leaders of the expedition think of Philoctetes as a tool of their purposes; they plan to trick him into returning, with no empathy for his plight. The Chorus of soldiers, however, has a different response. Even before they see the man, they imagine vividly what it is like to be him– and they enter a protest against the callousness of the commanders:For my part, I pity him– thinking of how, with no living soul to care for him, seeing no friendly face, wretched, always alone, he suffers with a fierce affliction, and has no resources to meet his daily needs. How in the world does the poor man survive?
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Trufanov, Aleksandr A., and Valentina I. Mordvintseva. "A Warrior Burial from the Ust’-Al’ma Necropolis (Mid-1st Cent. ad)." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 23, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341309.
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In 2015 during excavations in the Ust’-Al’ma necropolis, a grave with a side-chamber was discovered (No. 1074). The deceased was a male aged 25-35 who had suffered many injuries during his life which could be traces of blows received in battle. The burial complex dates from the mid-1st century ad and belongs to a group of ‘Barbarian’ elite burials complete with gold funeral wreaths and face-coverings (eye- and mouth-covers). Most of these graves are earthen catacombs located along the road leading towards the ancient fortified settlement of Ust’-Al’ma on the western coast of the Crimean peninsula. Assemblages from male burials of this group usually contain weapons (sword, bow, arrows). As a rule, the burial goods are plentiful and rich. Elements of burial attire are often made of precious metals, and are represented by armlets, brooches, pendants, amulets, items from belt-sets and plaques which would have been sewn on to items of apparel. Among other burial goods, there are amphorae, wooden utensils with carved figures of animals and Roman imported bronze and silver ware. Taking into consideration that these burial structures were of a special type, that the graves had been positioned in a special area along the road leading to the settlement, as well as the extraordinary splendor of the grave goods, it can be concluded that they were burials for individuals belonging to the highest ranks of the social elite. The use of an unusual type of burial structure (a grave with a side-chamber) and the relatively small number of grave goods, which were nevertheless signs of high social rank (a funeral wreath, face-coverings, a sword), indicate the special status of the individual buried in Grave No. 1074.
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Nicolini, Beatrice. "The Father’s Bow. The Khanate of Kalat and British India (19th-20th century) If you inherit your father’s bow, buy new arrows (Baluchi proverb), by Riccardo Redaelli. 244 pages, notes, sources, bibliography, appendices, maps, illustrations, index. Firenze: Il Maestrale, 1997. 32.000£ (Italian lira) ISBN 88-86715-12-9." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 32, no. 2 (1998): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400037937.
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Ames, Kenneth M., Kristen A. Fuld, and Sara Davis. "Dart and Arrow Points on the Columbia Plateau of Western North America." American Antiquity 75, no. 2 (April 2010): 287–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.75.2.287.
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The timing of the bow and arrow's introduction, spread, and replacement of the atlatl is an important research question in North American prehistory. Although regional archaeologists have not focused on the issue, it is generally thought that the bow and arrow were introduced on the Columbia Plateau ca. 2,300 years ago and completely replaced the atlatl by 1000 B.P. We apply two sets of discriminate functions and four threshold values to three large projectile point samples from the Columbia Plateau and a control sample from the Western Great Basin. Our results indicate that the atlatl was used on the Plateau by ca. 10,800 B.P. While the bow and arrow may have been present by 8500 B.P., they were ubiquitous in the region by 4400 B.P. Atlatl use appears to have increased for a while after 3000 B.P. At the same time, metric differences between dart and arrow points strengthened. Darts became rare after 1500 B.P. but seem to have been in use in small numbers at least until contact.
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Verma, Rahul. "Archery Bow Design Equation." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 4 (April 25, 2020): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.4.1891.
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Bow and arrow is one of the ancient combat tool used for defense, hunting and in recent times, used in sports. There have been several improvements in archery since then. Bows, as we know today are made from several components, materials and are available in different shapes and designs. There have been several variations in the bow design, broadly categorized under traditional bow or long bow, recurve bow, cross bow and compound bow. They may look very different and may have different efficiency but their underlying principle of operations have not changed much in past decades. There have been several studies and patents filed for new designs of the bows to improve the efficiency and several accessories have also been introduced to improve targeting, stability, and power. In this study using laws of physics, a design equation has been established which can be used as basis for deriving various aspects of the bow design and can be used for creating new bow designs with added efficiency. The bow design equation in this study is named as ‘RV bow design equation’ which is split into three parts to cover the aspect of arrow mass, energy stored in the bow, and energy transferred to arrow to give designers holistic view of the bow design and ability to monitor several parameters independently and in conjunction to each other. This equation will facilitate designers to make informed decisions about several aspects of the bow and they can use this equation to maximize the energy or velocity output of the arrow with a given design and material used for construction.
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Zanevskiy, I. F. "Dynamics of "Arrow-Bow" System." Journal of Automation and Information Sciences 31, no. 1-3 (1999): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v31.i1-3.410.
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Kooi, B. W. "Bow-arrow interaction in archery." Journal of Sports Sciences 16, no. 8 (January 1998): 721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404198366353.
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Bradbury, Andrew P. "The Bow and Arrow in the Eastern Woodlands: Evidence for an Archaic Origin." North American Archaeologist 18, no. 3 (January 1998): 207–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/f5cx-0pbd-eupj-d7nt.
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The timing of the introduction of the bow and arrow in the eastern United States has been debated for some time. The bow and arrow have long thought to have been introduced during the Late Woodland period in the eastern United States. An increasing body of evidence, however, suggests that this innovation may have occurred sometime during the Archaic period. Based on data from ethnographic collections, classification functions are developed that allow for archaeological specimens to be classified as dart or arrow points. These classification functions are applied to hafted bifaces from a number of sites in the eastern United States. Based on this evidence, it is argued that 1) the bow and arrow were introduced at least as early as the Late Archaic and 2) the atlatl and bow were probably used in conjunction for some period of time before the bow and arrow became the predominant weapon.
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Akere, Adegboyega, and Tejan Ahmad Edries. "How Frequent does Bow and Arrow Sign Locate Ileocecal Valve during Colonoscopy?" Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 09, no. 01 (January 2018): 010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jde.jde_24_17.
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Abstract Aim: Two major ways to locate the ileocecal valve (ICV) are to look for a thickening or bulge on the ileocecal fold, and the other is the “bow and arrow” method or the “appendix trick”. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of “bow and arrow” method to locate the ICV during colonoscopy. Patients and Methods: Colonoscopy was performed with the patients in the left lateral position. After cecal intubation had been confirmed, the appendiceal opening was identified, with the curve serving as the bow, an imaginary arrow was placed across the curve toward the appendix lumen. The tip of the imaginary arrow was then followed to confirm if it correlated to the location of the ICV. Results: The “bow and arrow” accurately located the ICV in 105 (76.6%) patients, but failed in 32 (23.4%) patients. The mean age (56.2 ± 13.1 years) of the patients in whom the “bow and arrow” located the ICV was lower than that (62.7 ± 0.9 years) of the patients in whom it failed to locate the ICV. Males, 58 (71.6%) had positive “bow and arrow”, while this was observed in 47 (83.9%) females. It correctly located the ICV in 73 (53.3%) of those with thin‑lip ICV, 20 (14.6%) of those with volcanic type, and 12 (8.8%) of those with double bulge ICV. Conclusion: The bow and arrow sign could not locate the ICV in all cases in our practice and so where it failed, alternative method should be employed to locate the ICV.
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Keene, Kelly M., and Russ S. Schumacher. "The Bow and Arrow Mesoscale Convective Structure." Monthly Weather Review 141, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1648–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-12-00172.1.
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Abstract The accurate prediction of warm-season convective systems and the heavy rainfall and severe weather associated with them remains a challenge for numerical weather prediction models. This study looks at a circumstance in which quasi-stationary convection forms perpendicular to, and above the cold-pool behind strong bow echoes. The authors refer to this phenomenon as a “bow and arrow” because on radar imagery the two convective lines resemble an archer’s bow and arrow. The “arrow” can produce heavy rainfall and severe weather, extending over hundreds of kilometers. These events are challenging to forecast because they require an accurate forecast of earlier convection and the effects of that convection on the environment. In this study, basic characteristics of 14 events are documented, and observations of 4 events are presented to identify common environmental conditions prior to the development of the back-building convection. Simulations of three cases using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) are analyzed in an attempt to understand the mechanisms responsible for initiating and maintaining the convective line. In each case, strong southwesterly flow (inducing warm air advection and gradual isentropic lifting), in addition to directional and speed convergence into the convective arrow appear to contribute to initiation of convection. The linear orientation of the arrow may be associated with a combination of increased wind speeds and horizontal shear in the arrow region. When these ingredients are combined with thermodynamic instability, there appears to be a greater possibility of formation and maintenance of a convective arrow behind a bow echo.
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Lombard, Marlize, and Isabelle Parsons. "What happened to the human mind after the Howiesons Poort?" Antiquity 85, no. 330 (November 2011): 1433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00062153.
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The authors deliver a decisive blow to the idea of unidirectional behavioural and cognitive evolution in this tightly argued account of why the bow and arrow was invented and then possibly laid aside by Middle Stone Age communities in southern Africa. Finding that all are modern humans (Homo sapiens), they paint a picture of diverse strategies for survival and development from 75 000 years ago onwards. It is one in which material inventions can come and go, human societies negotiating their own paths through a rugged mental landscape of opportunity.
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Selian, Suandi, and Dodi Irwansyah. "MENJADI JUTAWAN DENGAN MEMBUAT BUSUR PANAH LOW BUDGET HIGH QUALITY." JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 23, no. 4 (January 17, 2018): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v23i4.8577.
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AbstrakBusur Panah PVC adalah busur panah yang memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan busur panah lainnya yaitu ekonomis dan katahan di pakai sampai 1000 hero di lepaskan dari busur tersebut. Pipa PVC merupakan perlengkapan yang sering digunakan untuk mengalirkan air dari satu tempat ke tempat yang lain. Pipa PVC mempunyai kekuatan yang baik bila dibandingkan dengan pipa lainnya. Busur Panah PVC adalah busur panah yang dibuat dari pipa PVC. Prosesnya pembuatan busur panah dilakukan dengan teknik yang sangat sederhana dan semuanya dilakukan pada suhu yang relatif rendah. Pipa PVC yang dipotong dan disesuaikan dengan ukuran yang diinginkan lalu dipres ujungnya. Pengepresan ini diproses lebih lanjut dengan cara menggunakan alat pres pipa dengan menggunakan tenaga manusia, lalu didiamkan selama 25 Menit sampai terbentuk busur panah, lalu pipa yang sudah di pres dan mebentuk busur tadi di cat dengan menggunakan cat minyak sesuai warna yang di inginkan. Hasilnya dari pengecatan ini didiamkan sampai cat mengering dan selanjutnya dilakukan pelapisan pegangan busur dengan menggunakan benang nilon sehingga saat telapak tangan memegang busur tidak licin sehingga saat menarik tali busur tangan tidak terlepas dari busur panah tersebut. Busur panah PVC ini memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi karena dapat digunakan untuk kalangan anak – anak , remaja sampai dewasa sehingga tidak harus membeli busur panah yang harganya jauh lebih mahal dibandingkan busur panah yang terbuat dari pipa PVC tersebut sehingga busur panah PVC ini dapat dijadikan peluang usaha bagi masyarakat setempat untuk meningkatkan perekonomian mereka.Kata Kunci: Menjadi Jutawan Dengan Membuat Busur Panah Budget High QualityAbstractPVC Arrow Bow is an arrow bow which has several advantages compared to other arrow arc that is economical and the katahan is in use until 1000 hero is released from the bow.PVC pipe is a commonly used equipment to drain water from one place to another. PVC pipe has a good strength when compared withother pipes.PVC arrow bow is an arc bow made from PVC pipe.The process of arc making is done by a very is done at a relatively low temperature. The PVCn pipe is cut and adjusted to the desired size and then pressed the adges. This pressing is futher processed by using the pipe press tool using human power, the silenced for 25 minutes until the arc is formed, then the pipe that has been in the press and membentuk earlier in the paint by using oil paint according to the desired colour.the result of this painting is silenced until the paint dries and then carried by using nylon thread so that when the palm of the hand holding the bow is not slippery so that when pulling the hand arc strap is not seperated from the bow of the arrow. This PVC arrow bow has high economic value because it can be used for children, adolescent to adults so it does not have to buy an arrow bow whose price is much more expensive than the bow bow made from PVC pipe so that this PVC arrow bow can be a business oportunity for local communities to improve their economies.Keywords: Become a Millionaire By Making Law Budget Hight Arrow Quality Arrow
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Lombard, Marlize, and Laurel Phillipson. "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Antiquity 84, no. 325 (September 1, 2010): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00100134.
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The invention of the bow and arrow was a pivotal moment in the human story and its earliest use is a primary quarry of the modern researcher. Since the organic parts of the weapon – wood, bone, cord and feathers – very rarely survive, the deduction that a bow and arrow was in use depends heavily on the examination of certain classes of stone artefacts and their context. Here the authors apply rigorous analytical reasoning to the task, and demonstrate that, conforming to their exacting checklist, is an early assemblage from Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which therefore suggests bow and arrow technology in use there 64 millennia ago.