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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bowen family system theory'

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Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Gottwald, James T. "Embodying Bowen's family system theory and claiming my soul." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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2

Alzoubi, Najah Ahmad Fayiz. "Bowen family systems theory and family disintegration in Tennessee Williams's drama." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37096.

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The thesis examines the American psychiatrist Murray Bowen’s major contribution to his profession, Bowen Family Systems Theory, as a literary-critical tool to interrogate the theme of family disintegration in Tennessee Williams’s early and middle plays written between 1945 and 1962. Both Williams and Bowen were writing in a specific intellectual and cultural context in terms of post-World War II attitudes towards the American family and its social function. Bowen theory understands family as an interrelated emotional system, in which a change in the functioning of one part of the system directly relates to changes in the whole system. I argue that we find a parallel to this in Williams’s plays: members of the family do not function separately, but within the context of the system that shapes their feelings, thoughts, and behaviour. The four chapters of the thesis pair eight of Williams’s major works using the eight interlocking concepts that form the basis of Bowen theory: chapter 1 examines differentiation of self and triangles in The Glass Menagerie (1945) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1947); in chapter 2, nuclear family emotional system and family projection process in Summer and Smoke (1948) and Period of Adjustment (1961); in chapter 3, multigenerational emotional process and sibling position in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955) and Sweet Bird of Youth (1959); and, in chapter 4, emotional cutoff and societal emotional process in Suddenly Last Summer (1958) and The Night of the Iguana (1962). Not only does Bowen help to elucidate a central theme of Williams’s writing, but the psychodynamics of therapy are reflected in Williams’s dramatic accounts of the plight of the mid-twentieth century family. In the introduction I argue that Bowen theory is a useful tool for the analysis of modern American literature, developing the ways in which psychoanalytical theory has been used by literary critics to gain a broader understanding of the group context of family life in the postwar period. This will be demonstrated through the four chapters, while the conclusion considers what Bowen offers to literary studies more broadly, and what the limitations of his theory might be.
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3

Abraham, Hanlie. "Family interaction patterns in maternal alcohol abuse: an application of Murray Bowen's family system theory." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13669.

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The aim of this study was to explore and describe the intergenerational interactional patterns in a Coloured family where the mother has abused alcohol. Researchers have found that drinking behaviours of parents can have major effects on the children’s lives throughout generations. Substance abuse of a parent has major influences on the family, their interactions, and relationships, mostly between the parent and the child. There is a major gap in the study of the Coloured families and how substance abuse affects their families and children. The study employed Bowen’s constructs of differentiation of self, multigenerational transmission process, triangulation, emotional cut-off, nuclear family emotional system, sibling position, family projection process, and societal regression and utilized analytical generalization of the concepts to achieve its aim. The mother, an older sibling and maternal mother were the main sources of data although the perspective of the mother herself was privileged in the study. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to gather the data. This allowed participants to freely narrate their personal perceptions and experiences of interaction in both the family of origin and the current nuclear family. The research used a single case study of a purposively sampled family. The researcher is a Coloured female who had specific interest in this specific cultural group and their interactional patterns, which optimised cultural familiarity during the research process and reduced the likelihood of potential discriminatory racial bias of the participants. The findings demonstrate that perceptions of interactional patterns in the nuclear family and family of origin coincided with certain of Bowen’s Family Systems concepts, particularly, triangulation and differentiation. However, the need for further exploration of concepts such as the nuclear family emotional system and the family projection process in Coloured families are still needed in future studies. The findings provided insight into the functioning of the relationships and FAMILY INTERACTION IN MATERNAL ALCOHOL ABUSE interactions in both the nuclear family and the family of origin. Limitations of the current study are identified and recommendations for future studies in this field are also offered.
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Yoshida, Marie. "An analysis of Ajatasatru's family using Bowen family systems theory : commonalities and differentia in Japanese Buddhism and family therapy /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1394658601&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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5

Mohd, Yusof Raba'aton Adawiah Binti. "The application of Bowen’s family system theory (BFST) to the Malay population in Malaysia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48344/1/Raba%27aton_Mohd_Yusof_Thesis.pdf.

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The rapid economic development and social changes in Malaysia recently have led to many psychosocial problems in young people, such as drug addiction, child sexual abuse and mental illness. The Malaysian government is beginning to focus more attention on its social welfare and human service needs in order to alleviate these psychosocial problems. Although counselling is accepted and widespread in Malaysia, the practice of family therapy is not as accepted as it is still a widely held belief that family problems need to be kept within the family. However, changes are imminent and thus the theoretical basis of family therapy needs to be culturally relevant. Bowen‟s Family Systems Theory (BFST) is already one of the major theories taught to tertiary counselling students in Malaysian universities. The main tenet of Bowen‟s theory is that the family as a system may be unstable unless each member of the family is well differentiated. High differentiation levels in the family allow a person to both leave the family‟s boundaries in search of uniqueness and to continually return to the family fold in order to establish a more mature sense of belonging. The difficulty, however, is that while Bowen has claimed that his theory is universal nearly all of the research confirming the theory has been conducted in the United States of America. The only known study outside America, however, did show that Bowen‟s theory applied to a Filipino population but, one of the theory‟s propositions that differentiation is intergenerational was not supported in this non-American sample. The American sample that was compared to the Malay sample was taken from Skowron and Friedlander‟s (1998) study. One hundred and twenty-seven faculty staff in an American university completed the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) to measure level of differentiation of self. This thesis therefore, set out to determine whether Bowen‟s theory applied to another non-American sample, the Malaysian community. The research also investigated if the intergenerational effect was present in the Malaysian sample as well as explored the role of socio-economic status on Bowen‟s theory of differentiation and gender effect. Three hundred and seventy-four families completed four measures to examine these research questions: the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), the Family Inventory of Life Event (FILE), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results of the study showed that differentiation of self is a valid construct for the Malay population. However, all four subscales of the Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI); emotional reactivity (ER), emotional cut-off (EC), fusion with other (FO) and I position (IP), showed significant differences compared to the American sample from Skowron and Friedlander‟s (1998) study. The Malay sample scored higher in emotional reaction (ER), fusion with other (FO), but lower on emotional cut-off (EC) and I position (IP) than the American sample. The intergenerational effect was found in the Malay population as the parent‟s level of differentiation correlated with their children‟s level of differentiation. It was found that stress as measured by the Family Inventory of Life Event (FILE) and as measured by the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were not correlated with the level of differentiation of self in parents. However, gender had a significant effect in predicting the level of differentiation among parents in Malay population with females scores higher on emotional reactivity (ER) and fusion with other (FO) than males. An additional finding was that resilience can be predicted from the level of differentiation of self in children in the Malay sample. There was also a positive correlation between the level of differentiation of self in parents and resilience in their children. Findings from this study indicate that the concept of differentiation of self is applicable to a Malay sample; however, the implementation of the theory should be applied with cultural sensitivity.
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Katafiasz, Heather Anne. "A Dyadic Examination of Intimate Partner Violence Using Bowen Family Systems Theory and Adult Romantic Attachment Theory." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354712628.

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Glade, Aaron C. "Differentiation, marital satisfaction, and depressive symptoms: an application of Bowen Theory." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1123257865.

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8

Rodriguez, Victor M. "Bowen's family systems theory applied to intimacy needs in a marriage enrichment program for clergy." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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9

Bowes, Michelle J. "Psychological adjustment, relationship satisfaction, and communication in bereaved parents using the Bowen Family Systems Theory." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1563974689927106.

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10

Thomasma, Norm J. "The utilization of Bowen Family Systems Theory in teaching healthy corporate life in congregations implications and applications /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Tate, Selena Daniels. "Parents' Lived Experiences of Youth-to-Parent Violence: A Qualitative Inquiry Using the Bowen Family Systems Theory." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1447411315.

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Tran, Un Ho Irene Lim. "The use of Murray Bowen's family systems theory and therapy techniques for enabling Taiwan C & MA women church leaders to become more effective counselors." Portland, Or. : Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005.

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Tran, Un Ho Irene Lim. "The use of Murray Bowen's family systems theory and therapy techniques for enabling Taiwan C & MA women church leaders to become more effective counselors." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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14

Lotspeich, Younkin Felisha Lynn. "Differentiation and Relationship Satisfaction: Mediating Effects of Alcohol Use." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384942239.

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15

Woodbury, Kerri-Ann. "A prospective study of the impact of deployment on the intimate relationships of Australian army personnel and their loved ones." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201713/1/Kerri-Ann_Woodbury_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis explores the impact of deployment to a warzone with the Australian Army on intimate relationships. It examines the applicability of two relationship theoretical frameworks for this cohort and has resulted in a new application of these theoretical frameworks, and extended the current evidence base as to how military deployment can impact intimate relationships. The findings provide a unique evidence-based platform on which to develop targeted education for civilian intimate partners and military personnel pre- and post-deployment.
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Spencer, Tracey-Ann Dushane. "Exploring the Lived Experiences of Marriage and Family Therapy Students Who Study Bowen Family Systems Theory, and Relating Those Experiences to Concepts of Differentiation of Self and Emotional Intelligence: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/10.

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Bowen Family Systems Theory’s (BFST) concept of differentiation of self has the ability to contribute to the self-development of the therapist, and is considered the technique of this theory (Kerr & Bowen, 1988). Emotional intelligence is an essential skill for Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs), as it provides the ability to accurately perceive, express, and evaluate emotions in one’s self and others to facilitate thought, and the regulation of emotions in order to enhance emotional and intellectual growth (Salovey & Mayer, 1997). This study explored the lived experiences of Marriage and Family Therapy students who studied BFST and related those experiences to concepts of differentiation of self and emotional intelligence. This qualitative study utilized Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to gather, process, and analyze the essence of students’ experiences. This process included semi-structured open-ended interviewing of six doctoral students, transcribing, and analyzing the data in accordance with IPA. This study led to the outcome of the coined term differentiated intelligent emotion. The findings of the study produced nine themes: (1) BFST impact on clinical work, (2) BFST impact on personal development, (3) Differentiation of self, (4) Emotional intelligence, (5) Anxiety, (6) Nuclear family emotional process, (7) Multigenerational transmission process, (8) Triangulation, and (9) Individuality and Togetherness. The findings suggest the study of BFST resulted in awareness and an increase in the differentiation of self supported by an increase in emotional intelligence. This led to improvements in personal development, professional development in therapeutic relationships, anxiety, nuclear family functioning, multigenerational transmission process, detriangulation, and sense of individuality. This study contributes to the existing training and development literature concerning MFT’s in terms of their differentiation of self and emotional intelligence. The research presents implications for future research, clinical practice and training.
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Palmer, Elizabeth Northup Palmer. "Using distance regulation for the study of sibling relationship quality, romantic relationships, and interpersonal and intrapersonal factors." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500469586490535.

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Oliver, Tracy. "Mapping the Hidden: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Multigenerational Family Secrets." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/11.

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Family secrets can be a driving force, whether explicitly or implicitly, for many seeking therapy. Despite this, there is little qualitative research examining how individuals experience and make sense of their family secrets. Through this study the researcher examined the phenomenon of family secrets amongst five individuals from different families. Qualitative research using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) along with a Bowen Family Systems Theory approach was used to explore multigenerational family secrets. Purposive sampling was used to select that participants and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A genogram was also drafted to identify multigenerational relationships and the history of family secrets. By exploring and mapping the functions of multigenerational family secrets, the researcher examined in detail how participants make sense of their lived experience with holding a family secret. Through semi-structured interviews, the researcher was able to extract the meanings found within keeping a secret and the functions that secrets serve within families. Six superordinate themes were identified: what’s in a secret, living with a secret, finding meaning, anxiety and differentiation, multigenerational transmission process, and functions of family secrets. The data collected and analysis reflecting the experiences shared by the five participants add to the existing literature on the phenomenon of keeping family secrets and details the implications for the emotional system and marriage and family therapy. By mapping the hidden, a new conversation on the taboos of family secrets can lead to new hope for individuals and generations to come.
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Tikhonravova, Katia. "Evaluation of The Relationally Based “Calm-Driven” Service Training for the Automotive Industry, Based on The New World Kirkpatrick Model." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/31.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of the relationally based “Calm-Driven” Service (CDS) training program from the New World Kirkpatrick model perspective. The CDS training program is designed to help automotive professionals in sales and service to relate to their customers by (a) thinking in a different way about human relationships, and (b) realizing their own role in relationships and behavior. The CDS training program is based on the relational systems theory concepts of relational triangles, chronic anxiety, and differentiation of self from the Bowen Family Systems Theory. The results suggest that the participants had a positive reaction to the training program. Specifically they found the training favorable, relevant to their professional needs, engaging, comprehendible, and capable of creating change in educational experience through time (level 1: reaction). They gained the intended knowledge, skills, attitude, confidence, and commitment to apply newly gained knowledge on the job (level 2: learning). Participants’ behavior changed in their ability to relate to their customers by being (a) able to think in defined ways, and (b) realize their own role in relationships and behavior. Notably, newly learned behaviors were maintained two months after the training program was complete due to a successful monitoring, reinforcing, encouraging, and rewarding system (level 3: behavior). The improvement of the associates’ relational skills indicates that the training helped the organization to move on track to their overall goal, which is to help the stakeholders to become the number one volume dealer (level 4: results). Evaluation results demonstrate that relational training based on the Bowen Family Systems Theory could be successfully implemented and show positive results for the organization and their associates. Therefore, it is recommended that marriage and family therapists, as specialists in relational systems thinking, would focus future research on development, application, and evaluation of relationally based trainings.
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Cromer, Steven C. "Strengthening human relationships Trinitarian theology and Bowen theory /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Glade, Aaron Christopher. "Differentiation, marital satisfaction, and depressive symptoms an application of Bowen Theory /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123257865.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 118 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-107). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Garcia, Elisa. "Metaphoric Generative Genograms: A Journey to bring Genograms to life through metaphorical components." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/9.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to offer a greater understanding of the potential of genograms through my clinical work from a Bowen Family Systems lens. I account for how I processed and effectively blended metaphorical components, by examining six cases from my two-year journal entries, of bringing genograms to life in sessions. I also explain how I created a useful tool, the Metaphoric Generative Genogram, that can benefit other clinicians working with children and families in the foster care community.
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Ponappa, Sujata. "Family Distance Regulation and Healthy Separation during Adolescence: A Longitudinal Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343408961.

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Mercado, Alexis. "Addiction and the Family: Substance Use as a Symptom of the Larger Emotional System." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/49.

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Traditional family therapy in the field of addiction primarily focuses on relapse prevention and psychoeducation. The lack of systems thinking in residential treatment facilities led to my desire to apply Bowen Family Therapy to a focus group in a residential treatment center. I used the following Bowen concepts: anxiety, differentiation of self, emotional cutoffs, and triangulation as a means to explore how addiction is a symptom of the larger emotional system of the family. I, co-facilitated a three hour group therapy session over 7 weeks with individuals in a treatment center. I addressed the following questions: RQ 1: What impact, if any did this program have on their life? RQ 2: What were the long-term effects of being in the program? RQ 3: Did participating in the group help to better understand resiliency? RQ 4: How does education on the family system impact an individual's recovery process and relationships in life? Through interviews, I followed up with clients three years later to look at the long-term effects of being in the 7-week program. This Applied Clinical Project focused on understanding resiliency and long-term effects on sobriety through a Bowenian lens. The themes that emerged focused on communication, boundaries, resiliency, relationships, and anxiety. The findings demonstrated that a multigenerational element in the study helped participants develop a way to maintain the Family Dynamics curriculum in their day to day life. The overarching theme is that healthy relationships with open communication lead to better anxiety management, resiliency, and boundaries which shows a foundation of which new approaches to substance abuse treatment can be found.
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McKnight, Anne S. "The Examination of Cutoff and Self-Functioning in Three Generations of Families with a Substance-Abusing Teenager." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27524.

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Sixty families who came to a county mental health center for a substance abuse evaluation for a teenager were interviewed. The parent(s) and teenager were administered the Emotional Cutoff Scale, a paper-and-pencil measure. The functioning of each parent was assessed by the researcher through the Global Assessment of Functioning. The child was evaluated on the Child and Family Assessment Scale, an eight dimension scale. Data were gathered and analyzed through a correlational matrix. Significant correlations at P>.01 were found for degree of cutoff of the mother from her mother and father and her level of self-functioning but not with the level of impairment of the teenager. The sample of fathers did not result in significant correlations.
Ed. D.
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Lundi, Daphney Farah. "The Systemic Multigenerational Implications of Education: Second-Generation Haitian- American College Graduates’ Perspectives." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/33.

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Similar to other immigrant populations in the United States, Haitians have a migratory history of escaping from political turmoil, natural disasters, and extreme poverty (Zephir, 2004). However, Haitian Americans remain one of the underserved populations in the United States. Marginalized yet resilient, Haitian families in the U.S. continue to display strength in the face of adversity. Second-generation Haitian-American college graduates are the evidence of such strengths. There is very little research focused on second-generation Haitian-American college graduates’ perspective on the possible familial influences pertaining to education. Using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) design and Bowen’s Family Systems Theory as a theoretical framework, this study explored the lived experiences of seven selected selfidentified second-generation Haitian-American college graduates. The study was driven by three questions: 1. How do second-generation Haitian-American college graduates describe their cultural views on education? 2. How do these cultural views on education inform or influence Haitian families living in South Florida? 3. What are the lived experiences of second-generation Haitian-American college graduates regarding their family of origin’s influences on them as it pertains to education? Six themes emerged as a result: Multigenerational Method of Transmission, Reminiscent Educational Dialogue, Education as Economic Protection, Expected Educational Momentum, Future Multigenerational Method of Transmission, and Broadening the Educational View. It is the hope of the researcher that this study will expand marriage and family therapists’ understanding of the possible cultural/familial concerns, as well as, possible strengths and resources when working with Haitian families.
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Reed, Peggy. "Two perspectives on family systems theory and therapy." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Ponappa, Sujata ponappa. "Depression during the College Years: The Family as a `Safety Net’." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461323516.

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Langenbrunner, Mary R., and Jamie Branam Kridler. "Incorporating Film Clips & Genograms as a Strategy for Students Understanding Family System Theory Concepts." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3478.

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Friedrich, Robert E. "Strategic planning for congregations a route to renewal for the church family /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Blenkhorne, Ted. "A systemic approach to Christian family education." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

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Bergeron, Larry A. "Evaluating the effectiveness of a family systems model of the church for identifying potential lay ministry leaders." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Kewitz, Martin, Clas Nordström, and Sören Salzwedel. "The Family Business in a Global Context : The Rationale behind Corporate Governance Structures in Subsidiaries Abroad." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18200.

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Background: Family Businesses represent the highest proportion of businesses in the world (Lin, 2012). Globalisation offers new business opportunities for growth and in-ternational diversification. Generally the internationalisation of family businesses is a well-studied field in family business research (Kontinen & Ojala, 2009). Still, there are certain shortcomings when it comes to the specific area of corporate governance adapta-tion in family firms that open subsidiaries (Calabro & Mussolino, 2011). Hence, this paper analyses the proceedings of family firms that internationalise through a subsidi-ary. From a methodological standpoint, existing studies concerned with family business internationalisation focus on quantitative research approaches. The results of these in-clude some limitations, since they cannot account for questions such as how and why family firms proceed during diversification (Kontinen & Ojala, 2009). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the rationale behind corporate gov-ernance structures in family businesses, focusing on the special case of internationalisa-tion through a subsidiary. Frame of Reference: A summary of recent research regarding the three main issues family businesses, internationalisation, and corporate governance will be given in the frame of reference. This theoretical background will serve as the basis for a solid analy-sis of our empirical data. Method: A qualitative approach with an extensive literature review and a case study based on in-depth interviews with employees of the company Väderstad-Verken AB was chosen in order to fulfil the purpose. Conclusion: The rationale behind corporate governance structures when setting up a subsidiary abroad is driven by the ambition to preserve a family firms’ stewardship ori-ented culture and its informal structures. The result of this is better collaboration, which serves the mission of the business.
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Mitchell, Marion Lucy. "Family outcomes following patient transfer from Inensive Care : an educational intervention." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15816/.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to improve family members' transfer from Intensive Care. A structured pre-transfer educational method of patient transfer was introduced and evaluated. Background of the study: Many studies have documented the needs of family members whilst in intensive care units (ICU) but few have evaluated interventions to support meeting these needs. No studies have documented 'uncertainty in illness' levels of family members around transfer from ICU or the relationship between uncertainty and anxiety. Method: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group design based on the General System Theory (von Bertalanffy, 1972). There were four phases to the study with the intervention grounded in Knowles' Adult Learning Theory (1980). Family members of patients in an ICU were purposively allocated to a control(n = 80) and intervention group (n = 82). A pre-test, post-test strategy was used with data from the control group collected first and once completed, the intervention was introduced into the ICU. The intervention group data were then collected using the same data collection tools. The intervention group experienced a transfer method designed to improve communication with the bedside nurse in ICU whereas the control group received existing ad hoc transfer methods. Participants were surveyed before and after transfer using Spielberger et al.'s state anxiety inventory and Mishel's 'uncertainty in illness' scale. Demographic data were collected for both patients and family members together with family members' satisfaction with the transfer process they experienced. At the completion of the study, intensive care nurses (n = 40) were surveyed to assess their perception of the efficacy of the intervention. Results: Three factors were found to significantly affect levels of 'uncertainty in illness' and these included state anxiety scores (F = 50.9, p < .000), the relationship of the family member to the patient (F = 2.9, p = .022), and the unexpected nature of the admission (F = 23.09, p < .000). These factors accounted for 33% of the variance of 'uncertainty in illness' scores. State anxiety levels were significantly affected by the degree of family social support (F = 10.0, p = .002) and uncertainty as previously mentioned. State anxiety reduced significantly following transfer for both groups and 'uncertainty in illness' reduced significantly for the intervention group (t = 2.21, p = .03).When controlled for pre-transfer levels, however, there was no significant reduction in the intervention group when compared with the control group.' Uncertainty in illness' for the intervention group reduced, however, whereas scores for the control group did not. The intervention group experienced significantly higher levels of satisfaction with transfer (Z = -2.43, p = .015) and felt significantly better prepared for transfer(Z = -3.26, p = .001) than did the control group. The vast majority of ICU nurses(90.6%) thought the intervention provided a useful framework for discussing the patient's condition with family members and 94% thought it should be introduced for all transfers from ICU. Conclusions: Uncertainty is significantly related to state anxiety in this sample. Previous research suggests that individual's coping ability is affected by both anxiety and' uncertainty in illness' which limit their adaptation to the new ward situation. This results in relationship disturbances and psychological distress (Mishel, 1981)at a time when patients rely on family support. The intervention reduced uncertainty and improved family members' satisfaction with the transfer process by improved communication between family members and ICU nurses. The intervention was fully endorsed and supported by ICU nurses who recommended its introduction for all future transfers.
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Mitchell, Marion Lucy. "Family outcomes following patient transfer from intensive care : an educational intervention." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15816/1/Marion_Mitchell_Thesis.pdf.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to improve family members' transfer from Intensive Care. A structured pre-transfer educational method of patient transfer was introduced and evaluated. Background of the study: Many studies have documented the needs of family members whilst in intensive care units (ICU) but few have evaluated interventions to support meeting these needs. No studies have documented 'uncertainty in illness' levels of family members around transfer from ICU or the relationship between uncertainty and anxiety. Method: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group design based on the General System Theory (von Bertalanffy, 1972). There were four phases to the study with the intervention grounded in Knowles' Adult Learning Theory (1980). Family members of patients in an ICU were purposively allocated to a control(n = 80) and intervention group (n = 82). A pre-test, post-test strategy was used with data from the control group collected first and once completed, the intervention was introduced into the ICU. The intervention group data were then collected using the same data collection tools. The intervention group experienced a transfer method designed to improve communication with the bedside nurse in ICU whereas the control group received existing ad hoc transfer methods. Participants were surveyed before and after transfer using Spielberger et al.'s state anxiety inventory and Mishel's 'uncertainty in illness' scale. Demographic data were collected for both patients and family members together with family members' satisfaction with the transfer process they experienced. At the completion of the study, intensive care nurses (n = 40) were surveyed to assess their perception of the efficacy of the intervention. Results: Three factors were found to significantly affect levels of 'uncertainty in illness' and these included state anxiety scores (F = 50.9, p < .000), the relationship of the family member to the patient (F = 2.9, p = .022), and the unexpected nature of the admission (F = 23.09, p < .000). These factors accounted for 33% of the variance of 'uncertainty in illness' scores. State anxiety levels were significantly affected by the degree of family social support (F = 10.0, p = .002) and uncertainty as previously mentioned. State anxiety reduced significantly following transfer for both groups and 'uncertainty in illness' reduced significantly for the intervention group (t = 2.21, p = .03).When controlled for pre-transfer levels, however, there was no significant reduction in the intervention group when compared with the control group.' Uncertainty in illness' for the intervention group reduced, however, whereas scores for the control group did not. The intervention group experienced significantly higher levels of satisfaction with transfer (Z = -2.43, p = .015) and felt significantly better prepared for transfer(Z = -3.26, p = .001) than did the control group. The vast majority of ICU nurses(90.6%) thought the intervention provided a useful framework for discussing the patient's condition with family members and 94% thought it should be introduced for all transfers from ICU. Conclusions: Uncertainty is significantly related to state anxiety in this sample. Previous research suggests that individual's coping ability is affected by both anxiety and' uncertainty in illness' which limit their adaptation to the new ward situation. This results in relationship disturbances and psychological distress (Mishel, 1981)at a time when patients rely on family support. The intervention reduced uncertainty and improved family members' satisfaction with the transfer process by improved communication between family members and ICU nurses. The intervention was fully endorsed and supported by ICU nurses who recommended its introduction for all future transfers.
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Haar, Michael Elmer. "A study of family system theory as a pastoral care approach to patient care within a hospital setting." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Knill, James R. "Effective leadership in small group ministry through the application of family systems theory to the group process." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Farrell, Bruce David. "After the church split, moving forward the family of faith an application of seven principles of Peter Steinke /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.

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Strong, Micheal M. "A theological and sociological analysis of the family dropout problem following the rite of confirmation and graduation of children from Trinity Evangelical Lutheran School, Springfield, Illinois." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Bouwman, Yolanda. "The addictive/co-dependent dance an analysis of a local Christian Reformed Church using the principles of family systems theory /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Gamboni, Casey Michael. "The impact and implications of two or more children identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) within the family system." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6947.

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Coming out as a sexual minority can be a challenging process (D’amico, Julien, Tremblay, & Chartrand, 2015) and having supportive allies and advocates within the family makes that process less strenuous (Luke & Goodrich, 2015). The sibling relationship has been shown to play a significant supportive role in the lives of LGB people while coming out as sexual minorities (Haxhe, Cerezo, Bergfeld, & Walloch, 2017). Scholars have found that when a second child within the family system comes out as LGB, it gives the parents a chance to improve aspects of their parenting compared to the first child who came out to them. However, there is still little known about LGB sibling’s shared experience with both being sexual minorities. Chapter 2 in this dissertation is a systemic review on the topic of multiple LGB sibling families. Results indicating that these families exist but are not properly represented in literature. With LGB individuals having an increased risks of negative mental health outcomes (Russell & Fish, 2016), Chapter three explores the lived experiences of LGB individuals with LGB siblings. The purpose of the present study is twofold: 1) to examine if coming out to an LGB sibling increases the chances of an ally/advocate within the family and 2) helps lower negative mental health outcomes. Results from this qualitive study include significant differences of lived experiences based on order the siblings came out with family dynamic changes to improve family cohesion. Participants also reported viewing their siblings as allies which played a role in helping with negative mental health symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Finally, this study utilized feminist family theory and found a less likely chance in power projection once both siblings were out. Clinical implications and future research directions will be discussed at length.
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Purvis, Denise. "Differentiation of Self as a Predictor of Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Professionals." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3720.

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Mental health professionals in all settings work with clients who are affected by trauma. Traumatic events expose mental health professionals to the negative psychological and emotional impact of witnessing and listening to client stories. Vicarious trauma is the emotional consequence of this empathic engagement with clients. The purpose of this correlational study was to identify predictors of vicarious trauma in mental health professionals that had not been studied before. The theoretical framework guiding the study was the Bowen family systems theory and the construct of differentiation of self. A regression analysis was conducted with a purposive sample of 83 licensed or certified mental health professionals from community counseling agencies in the Midwest. Five research questions were evaluated using multiple regression analysis and determined that subcomponents of differentiation of self (i.e., emotional reactivity, I position, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others) predicted vicarious trauma. An additional regression analysis showed that vicarious trauma was best predicted by 2 subcomponents of differentiation of self; emotional reactivity was the most significant predictor followed by I position. By identifying characteristics in mental health professionals that predict vicarious trauma, counselor educators and supervisors can better educate, train, develop programs, and advocate for the emotional welfare of mental health professionals in the field.
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Bexley, Jewell Nichole. "Relationship Systems Outside the Therapy Room| A Grounded Theory on Seasoned MFT Doctoral Graduates Utilizing Their Systemic Training in Human Service Team-based Organizations." Nova Southeastern University, 2013.

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Cleland, Nicole Rae Cleland. "Differentiation of Self and Effortful Control: Predictors of Non-Traditional Students' Adjustment to Community College." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1509913708613883.

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45

Hos, Gulsum. "Examining The Experience Of A Mother With Multi-disabled Children." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609394/index.pdf.

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We live together in society that is composed of individuals who have normal development and individuals who have some developmental delays or disabilities. Therefore, it is important to know and understand what disability is and how it affects the lives of the family members individually also a mother and family as whole. O'
Connor (2002) indicates that being a parent of a child who has a developmental delay is a challenge for the parents. This qualitative, mother-focused study examines the experiences of a mother who is rearing multi-disabled children consisting of mental disabilities, a hearing impairment and physical disabilities
and the effects of having more than one child with multi-disability on mother&rsquo
s psychological well-being. Another objective of the study is to explore how a mother copes with this issue in a family setting and the kind of coping strategies the mother uses to manage the difficulties. Case study design was conducted with the mother of multi-disabled children. Qualitative in-depth interviews are conducted with the mother, and information was gathered in the areas of daily stress, coping, family reactions and well-being. Family Systems Theory provides the theoretical framework of the study. The experience, reaction and communication of the mother with both her disabled children and other family members are examined with the light of the family systems theory in order to understand the interrelation among the family members.
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Hofmann, Anna, and Maria Larsson. "Kärlek - en helt normal osannolikhet : en sociologisk samhällsteoretisk studie om skillnader mellan det förmoderna och moderna samhällets syn på intim- och familjerelationer." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-802.

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Syftet med vår uppsats är att ur ett sociologiskt samhällsteoretiskt perspektiv, ge både oss själva och läsaren en ökad förståelse för och synliggöra flickor från vissa etniska grupper och deras intim- och familjerelationer i Sverige. För att kunna förstå flickornas eventuella problem och konflikter i familjen tar vi hjälp av Niklas Luhmanns systemteori och hans analys av intima relationer och familjen i det moderna samhället. De frågeställningar som besvaras är:

• Vilka skillnader mellan det förmoderna och moderna samhällets syn på intim- och familjerelationer ställs flickorna i vårt material inför?

• Hur kan dessa skillnader tolkas och förstås utifrån Luhmanns systemteoretiska analys av den moderna familjen?

Vår studie är ett teoretiskt arbete och grundar sig på litteraturstudier. För att kunna besvara våra frågeställningar har vi inspirerats av och löst anknutit oss till en abduktiv metod. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt dels i en nyligen gjord studie av Åsa Andersson, Inte samma lika (2003), och dels i den internationellt erkände sociologen Niklas Luhmanns systemteori och hans analys av intima relationer och familjen.

För att kunna få en sociologisk samhällsteoretisk förståelse för och kunna placera in familjen i det moderna samhällets kontext presenterar vi de delar av Luhmanns teori och begreppsapparat som vi ansåg relevanta för ämnet. Det gör vi för att kunna förstå hur familjen fungerar i det moderna samhället.

Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att de skillnader i synen på intim- och familjerelationer som flickorna har att förhålla sig till finns i såväl den offentliga som den privata sfären. Skillnaderna är flera under respektive sfär men de mest framträdande skillnaderna handlar om moral och förnuft där familjen och den egna etniska gruppen använder mekanismer som skam och skuld för att reducera en ökad kontingens och komplexitet som råder i det moderna samhället. Utifrån flickornas beskrivningar kan vi förstå att deras förväntningar i hög grad skiljer sig från föräldrarnas såväl i valet av äktenskapspartner, hemarbete, mer frihet och ökad jämställdhet i form av utbildning och ekonomiskt oberoende. Utifrån en systemteoretisk synvinkel kan vi även se skillnader på såväl generell som specifik nivå, förändringar av intima relationer kan alltså kopplas till samhällsutvecklingen och dess semantiska koder knutna till familjen som system.

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Eriksson, Monica. "Recovery from an Acute Myocardial Infarction : A Longitudinal Study of Couples." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-12120.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate recovery in the relationshipbetween couples following an acute myocardial infarction [AMI]. An additionalaim was to compare differences over time regarding hope and health‐relatedquality of life [HRQoL] for both patient and partner. The thesis is based on fourempirical studies (I‐IV), and has a longitudinal design employing both qualitativeand quantitative methods. A purposive sample was recruited comprising 15couples in which one partner had been diagnosed with an AMI. Study I wascarried out as individual tape‐recorded interviews aimed at describing thepatient´s and their partner´s experiences after hospital discharge. Study II alsoused individual tape‐recorded interviews, this time with the aim of describing andinterpreting the couple´s thoughts and expectations about their future life after thepatients’ discharge. Study III used the HHI‐S and SF‐36 measures to comparechanges over time in self‐rated hope and health‐related quality of life, anddifferences between patients’ ratings and their partner´s. Study IV used repeatedindividual tape‐recorded interviews with the aim of interpreting the couples´narratives about their relationship and daily life. The data were analysed andinterpreted using a number of qualitative content analysis methods (I, II, IV) anddescriptive and comparative statistics (III).Overall, the couples´ recovery from an AMI in the two years after an AMI consisted of a striving to reach some kind of balance and stability in their currentlife situation. The period after discharge from the hospital involved understandingthe importance of the home as a place in which one feels at home and which bringsa feeling of safety, experiencing the phenomenon of security and being at homewithin oneself, and seeking normalisation in returning to an ordinary life (I). Thecouples´ thoughts about their future lives were either optimistic, taking an activeapproach, or pessimistic, taking a wait‐and‐see approach. The couples could bedivided into four positions in terms of their visions of the future: life companions,who were in concordance regarding their future; tightrope walkers, who had incommon a need to reprioritise what they considered important in their future;pathfinders, who had in common an undefined vision of their future and observers, who saw their future including both physical as well as sociallimitations (II). Self‐rated hope and HRQoL both improved over time, but few ofthese improvements were statistically significant, and I found no statistically groupeffects. Estimation of the MDC index revealed that neither HHI‐S nor SF‐36measures stable traits (III). Finally, the repeated interviews revealed how thecouples viewed their daily life, mutual relationships and roles in their relationshipVIIover time. There was an abundant variation in a number of the couples´ storiesabout their relationship and daily life during the recovery period (IV).In conclusion, it is clear that what happen to one party in a relationship influencesthe other party. The couples in the studies showed improvements in both hope andhealth‐related quality of life over time. The HHI‐S and SF‐36 measures seemed tobe sensitive to and affected by the current situation. Going through an AMI is alife‐changing event that makes it necessary for the couple to make adjustments andadapt to their new situation. Different couples have different approaches tohandling this situation; no two couples are the same, and every couple willperceive and deal with the AMI differently. An AMI starts a process of transition,and over time a couple affected by AMI will undergo external as well as internal changes.
Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att undersöka återhämtning i parrelation efter hjärtinfarkt. Ett ytterligare syfte var att jämföra skillnader avseende hopp och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet över tid men också emellan patienter och deras partners.Avhandlingen baseras på fyra delstudier (I‐IV), och har en longitudinal designmed både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Ett ändamålsenligt urval av 15 par rekryterades där en i parrelationen diagnostiserats med akut hjärtinfarkt. DelstudieI genomfördes med individuella bandinspelade intervjuer med syfte att beskrivapatienter och deras partners erfarenheter efter utskrivning från sjukhus eftergenomgången hjärtinfarkt. Delstudie II använde också individuella bandinspelade intervjuer, den här gången med syfte att beskriva och tolka parens tankar ochförväntningar kring deras framtid efter att patienten skrivits ut från sjukhus.Delstudie III använde instrumenten HHI‐S och SF‐36 för att jämföra skillnader av självskattat hopp och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet över tid och emellan patienter och deras partners. Delstudie IV använde upprepade bandinspelade intervjuer medsyfte att tolka parens berättelser kring deras relation och det dagliga livet. Data haranalyserats och tolkats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys på olika sätt (I,II,IV) ochmed såväl deskriptiv som jämförande statistik (III).Avhandlingen visar att parens återhämtning efter hjärtinfarkt under en period avtvå år omfattar en strävan efter att uppnå någon form av balans och stabilitet i denrådande livssituationen. Perioden efter utskrivning från sjukhus innebar enförståelse för hur viktigt hemmet är som plats för att känna sig hemma eller för att skapa en känsla av trygghet samt erfarenheter av fenomenet trygghet och attkänna sig hemma i sig själv. Slutligen sökte paren efter normalisering för att återkomma till det vanliga livet (I). Parens tankar kring deras framtid var antingenoptimistisk, en aktiv inställning, eller pessimistisk, en vänta ‐ och ‐ se inställning.Paren kunde också grupperas i fyra positioner som beskrev deras visioner omframtiden. De som kallades livskamrater syntes vara i samklang vad gällde återhämtning, balanskonstnärerna hade gemensamt ett behov av att omprioriter a vad som var viktigt för framtiden, de som var gemensamt för de som kallades stigfinnare var deras odefinierade/oklara bild av framtiden och slutligenobservatörerna såg sin framtid omfatta såväl fysiska som sociala begränsningar(II). Både självrapporterat hopp och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet förbättrades övertid, men få av dem var statistiskt signifikanta och inga statistiska gruppeffekterhittades. Beräkning av MDC index visade att varken HHI‐S eller SF‐36 mäterstabila dimensioner (III). Slutligen visade de upprepade intervjuerna hur paren sågpå dagligt liv, den inbördes relationen och roller i relationen över tid. Det fanns enIXrikedom av variationer i parens berättelser om deras relation och det dagliga livetunder återhämtningsprocessen (IV).Till sist framträder det klart att det som händer den ene i relationen fårkonsekvenser för den andre. Paren i studierna visade på att det skeddeförbättringar vad gäller både hopp och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet över tid. BådeHHI‐S och SF‐36 är instrument som synes vara känsliga för och påverkade av denrådande situationen. Att gå igenom en hjärtinfarkt är en livsavgörande händelsesom fodrar att paren ställer in sig på och gör anpassningar till en ny situation.Paren har dock olika sätt att handskas med den nya situationen och det finns intetvå par som är lika, och inte heller uppfattar och hanterar de hjärtinfarkten i vardagen och i relationen på samma sätt. En hjärtinfarkt startar en transitionsprocess och över tid genomgår paren såväl yttre som inre förändringar.
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Andersson, Emelie, and Sophia Bolin. "Känslan av att inte veta - Att vara närstående till en person med psykisk ohälsa : Att vara närstående till en person med psykisk ohälsa." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-2609.

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Cirka 20-40 procent av Sveriges befolkning drabbas av psykisk ohälsa vilket även påverkar deras närstående. Efter avinstitutionaliseringen har ansvaret för den psykiskt sjuka förflyttats från institution till de närstående. Trots det ökade ansvaret som de närstående fått rapporterar sjuksköterskor svårigheter i att involvera de närstående i vårdandet.   Syftet var att belysa närståendes upplevelse av att vara närstående till en person med psykisk ohälsa. Litteraturöversikt i enlighet med Friberg (2012). Databaser som användes var CINAHL plus with Full Text och PsycINFO. Författarna valde ut sju kvalitativa, en kvantitativ artikel och en som var både kvalitativ- och kvantitativ. Artiklarna skulle besvara frågeställningarna: Hur påverkas de närståendes vardagliga liv när de lever nära en person med psykisk ohälsa? och vilka upplevelser belyses rörande det vardagliga livet och mötet med vården som följer av att vara närstående till en person med psykisk ohälsa? Den teoretiska referensram som valdes var systemteorin enligt Strømsnes Ekern (2003). Resultatet visar att närstående upplever att deras liv påverkas och att de exkluderas när det kommer till vårdandet av patienten. De önskar att deras behov blir tillgodosedda av den psykiatriska vården och att de blir mer delaktiga i vårdandet. Den psykiatriska vården bör se till de närståendes behov och erbjuda stöd då detta kan leda till minskad upplevd börda och ohälsa, vilket även påverkar patienten positivt. Kvinnor deltar i högre grad i valda studier och rapporterar även högre upplevd börda, något som även det bör uppmärksammas av sjukvården. Genom att använda systemteorin kan sjuksköterskan få en insikt av hur patient och dennes närstående påverkar varandra, vilket kan leda till en mer tillfredsställande omvårdnad.
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Palm, Noelle, and Kaylee Falcon. "Camp Suzanne: A Qualitative Case Study on Attachment Theory and Longevity Considerations for an Art Therapeutic Program for Incarcerated Mothers and their Children." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/492.

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A qualitative study of the experiences and observations of 4 art therapists and 2 program directors who facilitated Camp Suzanne, a week-long art-based therapeutic program for incarcerated mothers and their children in a federal prison in California. Research on psychotherapy, art therapy, and family therapy in prison environments, with a focus on parent-child dyads, Attachment Theory, and various techniques for creating sustainable therapy with separated family units, including tele-mental health and evidence-based military protocols, informed the interviews. The research participants were interviewed individually and created art regarding the subjects of Attachment Theory with incarcerated-mother-child dyads and longevity considerations for the program. Emergent themes in the data included the impact of art-making on attachment and a variety of observable attachment styles, as well as obstacles to both attachment and longevity of Camp Suzanne. Some of the obstacles addressed include systemic challenges, continuity of care, location concerns, external support (for facilitators and for incarcerated-mother-child dyads), as well as preparatory support (psychoeducation). Various implications of these obstacles are discussed.
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Gustafsson, Kenneth. "Familj under påverkan : familjebehandling med rötterna i socialt arbete och i familjeterapi." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31100.

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Abstract:
I have been working with family treatment since 1970. This essay in practical knowledge takes its examples from a family treatment commisson 1996, an Assignment from the social wellfare system. I keept a journal from these days. The examples come from those notes. In the broad sense I make my starting - point from systemic thinking and stand whith one foot in social work and the other in family therapy. Sometimes I describe my way of working as a movement from social enegineering to anthropology. Writing this essay has made me consider that this is not always the truth. Sometimes I get directive and normative, instead of not knowing. Sometimes I act more like a missionary than as an antropologist. Like missionaries I sometimes get involved in colonizing the families everyday life. To investigate this I have used reflection through the writing process. Which means that the narrative has transformed into four steps during this essay. This process developed with the questions from my superviser and from collegues. By that the understanding of myself in the narrative has transformed as well. The first step is the linear, dramatic story. The second is the reflecting, circular step. The third is the problemazing, strategic step. The fourth is the extended story which summarizes the storys before plus new discoveries about myself. Families exist whithin a cultural context. Familylife is structured through a set of normative assumptions about how to organize and develop, how to solve problems and communicate. Salvador Minuchin who developed the structural family therapy, worked in countries like Israel, Argentina and the USA, was convinced that these norms existed in every culture. At the same time these values embodies the imperative goals to be striven for as the patterns of a ”normal”,traditional core family, in terms of offering the most valuabel nurturance for children. Structural familly therapy shares the existentialists interest of growing and the strategists interest for the threatening. My first question is whether my way of working whith family treatment, make their structure more transparent so they reveal themselves more than they need or want to. By working whith this essay I have detected that I mixed the meaning of deceiving as a criminal act, whith selfdeception which is an existential invitation. This made me stress the confrontation of the deceiving. Today I would probably make other decisions and work with the pattern of selfdeception more on a long-term. The other question is about the creativity, spontaneity and play as essential ingredients in my way of confronting patterns of communicating and organazing that troubles the family. Change sometimes comes around when playfull activities take place and reflexions over it leed to insights and new patterns.
Jag har arbetat som familjebehandlare sedan 1970. Uppsatsen i praktisk kunskap utgår från exempel i en familj som jag arbetade med 1996, på uppdrag av socialtjänsten. Jag förde dagbok över mitt arbete. Exemplen grundar sig på de anteckningarna. Mitt arbete utgår i vid bemärkelse från ett systemiskt tänkande och står med ena benet i socialt arbete och det andra i familjeterapi. Mitt förhållningssätt brukar jag beskriva som en rörelse från social ingenjörskonst till antropologiskt sökande. Arbetet med denna uppsats har fått mig att förstå att denna beskrivning bara delvis är sann. Jag blir ibland direktiv och normativ i stället för icke-vetande. Jag blir ibland mer som missionär än som antropolog. Just som missionärerna gjorde, blir jag delaktig i systemkrafternas kolonisering av familjens vardagsliv. För att undersöka detta har jag använt mig av reflektion genom skrivandets process. Det innebär att berättelsen genom uppsatsskrivandet har transformerats i fyra steg. Handledarens och kollegers frågor har hjälpt mig att föra berättelsen vidare. Därigenom har också förståelsen av mig själv i berättelsen ändrats. Första steget är den linjära dramatiska berättelsen. Andra steget är den reflekterande berättelsen, som är mer cirkulär och betonar mig i sammanhanget. Tredje steget är den strategiska och problematiserande berättelsen. Fjärde steget är den utvidgade berättelsen, som innehåller aspekter från de tidigare berättelserna samt nya upptäckter om mig själv. Familjer lever i ett kulturellt sammanhang. Familjelivet struktureras genom en uppsättning normativa antaganden om hur familjer ska organisera sig, utvecklas, lösa problem och kommunicera. Salvador Minuchin som var tongivande i att utveckla strukturell familjeterapi, ansåg att dessa värderingar fanns i de flesta kulturer. Han verkade bland annat i USA, Argentina och Israel som familjeterapeut och psykiater. Samtidigt är dessa värderingar en uppfordrande strävan till den ”normala”, traditionella kärnfamiljens struktur. Med den goda avsikten att garantera barn omsorg och trygghet. Strukturell familjeterapi delar existentialistens intresse för växandet och strategens intresse för det hotande. Den första frågan handlar om huruvida mitt sätt att arbeta med familjebehandling gör deras familjeliv transparent och därmed avslöjar mer än de vill eller behöver göra. Genom arbetet med uppsatsen inser jag bland annat att jag blandade ihop bedrägeri som brottslig handling och självbedrägeri som existentiell utmaning. Därför drev jag på för att konfrontera den bedrägliga handlingen. I dag skulle jag inte fatta sådana beslut utan mer långsiktigt arbetat med deras självbedrägliga mönster. Den andra frågeställningen rör kreativitetens, spontanitetens och lekens betydelse i mitt arbete. Slutsatsen blir att för en aktivitetsinriktad terapeut som jag, blir dessa begrepp centrala för att hitta vägar att bryta organisering och kommunikation som hindrar nödvändiga problemlösningar. Man säger ibland att förändring i familjearbetet åstadkoms genom strukturella åtgärder (familjen får en lägenhet, eller någon placeras) genom insikt eller genom handling. Jag använder kreativitet för att hitta handlingar som senare i reflektion kan leda till insikt eller förändring.
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