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1
Soubantika, Palchoudhury, and Palchaudhury (Mukhopadhyay) S. "Rapid determination of hexavalent chromium in ppb level and speciation analysis of the metal with a organic reagent, bis(pyrrole-2-aldehydo)- thiocarbohydrazone (BPATCH) in presence of vanadium(V)." Journal of Indian Chemical Society 93, Jun 2016 (2016): 661–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5641349.
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Chemical Engineering Department, Alabama University, Tuscaloosa, USA <em>E-mail</em> : soubantika@gmail.com Geology Department, Presidency University, Kolkata-700 073, India <em>E-mail</em> : palchaudhurysnigdha@gmail.com <em>Manuscript received 26 June 2015, revised 10 March 2016, accepted 23 May 2016</em> The organic compound bis(pyrrole-2-aldehydo)thiocarbohydrazone (BPATCH) produced instant green coloured complex at room temperature with chromium(VI) in acid medium and the intensity of the green colour enhanced quantitatively with the addition of vanadium(V). It is a complexation reaction and speciation of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) is possible because the reagent produced no colour reaction with chromium(III). The suitable acidity range for the green coloured chromium(VI) or blue green coloured vanadium added chromium(VI) complexes is 0.01–0.5 (N) HCl or 0.3 to 2.2 pH. Molar absoptivity of the blue green complex is 2.14 × 10<sup>4</sup> dm<sup>3 </sup>mole<sup>–1</sup> cm<sup>–1</sup> at 590 nm and Sandell sensitivity is 0.0025 µg cm<sup>–2</sup>. A linear working range from the detection limit to 300 ng/ml of chromium(VI) was obtained. The lower detection limit (LOD) for the chromium-BPATCH complex and chromium-vanadium-BPATCH complex were 20 ppb and 5 ppb respectively at room temperature, when the absorbance of the colour reaction was 0.002 at 590 nm. The proposed spectrophotometric method was successfully applied to the determination of chromium(VI) in industrial effluent, USGS rock standard and speciation of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) in ground water sample.
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Soubantika, Palchoudhury, and Palchaudhury (Mukhopadhyay) S. "Rapid determination of hexavalent chromium in ppb level and speciation analysis of the metal with a organic reagent, bis(pyrrole-2-aldehydo)- thiocarbohydrazone (BPATCH) in presence of vanadium(V)." Journal of Indian Chemical Society 93, june 2016 (2016): 661–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5638667.
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Chemical Engineering Department, Alabama University, Tuscaloosa, USA E-mail : soubantika@gmail.com Geology Department, Presidency University, Kolkata-700 073, India E-mail : palchaudhurysnigdha@gmail.com Manuscript received 26 June 2015, revised 10 March 2016, accepted 23 May 2016 The organic compound bis(pyrrole-2-aldehydo)thiocarbohydrazone (BPATCH) produced instant green coloured complex at room temperature with chromium(VI) in acid medium and the intensity of the green colour enhanced quantitatively with the addition of vanadium(V). It is a complexation reaction and speciation of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) is possible because the reagent produced no colour reaction with chromium(III). The suitable acidity range for the green coloured chromium(VI) or blue green coloured vanadium added chromium(VI) complexes is 0.01–0.5 (<em>N</em>) HCl or 0.3 to 2.2 pH. Molar absoptivity of the blue green complex is 2.14 × 10<sup>4</sup> dm<sup>3</sup> mole<sup>–1</sup> cm<sup>–1</sup> at 590 nm and Sandell sensitivity is 0.0025 µg cm<sup>–2</sup>. A linear working range from the detection limit to 300 ng/ml of chromium(VI) was obtained. The lower detection limit (LOD) for the chromium-BPATCH complex and chromium-vanadium-BPATCH complex were 20 ppb and 5 ppb respectively at room temperature, when the absorbance of the colour reaction was 0.002 at 590 nm. The proposed spectrophotometric method was successfully applied to the determination of chromium(VI) in industrial effluent, USGS rock standard and speciation of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) in ground water sample.
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Medhora, Meetha, Yuenmu Chen, Stephanie Gruenloh, et al. "20-HETE increases superoxide production and activates NAPDH oxidase in pulmonary artery endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 294, no. 5 (2008): L902—L911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00278.2007.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal vital physiological processes including cell growth, angiogenesis, contraction, and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Because cytochrome P-450 family 4 (CYP4)/20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been reported to enhance angiogenesis, pulmonary vascular tone, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase function, we explored the potential of this system to stimulate bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAEC) ROS production. Our data are the first to demonstrate that 20-HETE increases ROS in BPAECs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner as detected by enhanced fluorescence of oxidation products of dihydroethidium (DHE) and dichlorofluorescein diacetate. An analog of 20-HETE elicits no increase in ROS and blocks 20-HETE-evoked increments in DHE fluorescence, supporting its function as an antagonist. Endothelial cells derived from bovine aortas exhibit enhanced ROS production to 20-HETE quantitatively similar to that of BPAECs. 20-HETE-induced ROS production in BPAECs is blunted by pretreatment with polyethylene-glycolated SOD, apocynin, inhibition of Rac1, and a peptide-based inhibitor of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox association with gp91. These data support 20-HETE-stimulated, NADPH oxidase-derived, and Rac1/2-dependent ROS production in BPAECs. 20-HETE promotes translocation of p47phox and tyrosine phosphorylation of p47phox in a time-dependent manner as well as increased activated Rac1/2, providing at least three mechanisms through which 20-HETE activates NADPH oxidase. These observations suggest that 20-HETE stimulates ROS production in BPAECs at least in part through activation of NADPH oxidase within minutes of application of the lipid.
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Moore, Timothy M., Natalie R. Norwood, Judy R. Creighton, et al. "Receptor-dependent activation of store-operated calcium entry increases endothelial cell permeability." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 279, no. 4 (2000): L691—L698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2000.279.4.l691.
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The present study evaluated the necessity of store-operated Ca2+ entry in mediating thrombin-induced 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation and increased permeability in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs). Thrombin (7 U/ml) and thapsigargin (1 μM) activated Ca2+ entry through a common pathway in confluent BPAECs. Similar increases in MLC20 phosphorylation were observed 5 min after thrombin and thapsigargin challenge, although thrombin produced a sustained increase in MLC20phosphorylation that was not observed in response to thapsigargin. Neither agonist increased MLC20 phosphorylation when Ca2+ influx was inhibited. Thrombin and thapsigargin induced inter-endothelial cell gap formation and increased FITC-dextran (molecular radii 23 Å) transfer across confluent BPAEC monolayers. Activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry was required for thapsigargin and thrombin receptor-activating peptide to increase permeability, demonstrating that activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry is coupled with MLC20phosphorylation and is associated with intercellular gap formation and increased barrier transport of macromolecules. Unlike thrombin receptor-activating peptide, thrombin increased permeability without activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry, suggesting that it partly disrupts the endothelial barrier through a proteolytic mechanism independent of Ca2+ signaling.
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Cai, Yanhua, Lian Luo, Jun Qiao, and Lisha Zhao. "Synthesis, Geometry Structure and Properties of N, N’-Carbonic Bis(Piperonylic Acid) Dihydrazide." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021301014.
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In this study, N, N’-carbonic bis(piperonylic acid) dihydrazide (BPACH) was synthesized to broaden the category of piperonylic acid derivative and evaluate its influences on the thermal properties of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). The geometry optimization of BPACH showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital mainly focused on the formed amide group and carbonic dihydrazide, whereas the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital mainly focused on the piperonylic acid, and the orbital energy gap was 0.10418 eV. The differences in melt-crystallization processes of the neat PLLA and PLLA/BPACH samples indicated that the BPACH could provide the effective nucleation site to accelerate the crystallization of PLLA, but the crystallization accelerating effect was still further improved compared to some reported nucleating agents. The melting behaviors of PLLA/BPACH samples after crystallization depended on the crystallization temperatures and heating rates; additionally, the melting processes could also effectively reflect the previous crystallization behaviors.
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A. Laroza, Jonah Marich, Glesiel Joy A. Tacogdoy, Harley B. Cambal, John Jameson E. Page, Bernaflor B. Canape, and jose F. Cuevas Jr. "Performance-Based Assessment of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team During Covid-19 Pandemic in Ozamiz City." Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 05, no. 02 (2022): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2022.5214.
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Peacekeeping is the important function of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in their respective barangay, BPAT visibility is the one main focus of this peacekeeping activity. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in regards to their skills in patrolling, identifying violation in the community, basic self-defense skills and crowd control skills of selected Barangays in the City of Ozamiz during COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers employed a descriptive-correlational type of research characterized by gathering data from 100 respondents from the selected barangays in Ozamiz City. Moreover, survey questionnaire was used to gather the data. Furthermore, mean and standard deviation were the statistical tool used in the data analysis. Results revealed that the majority of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) officers were very responsive in safeguarding and patrolling the neighborhood during the day and night while on the state/verge of pandemic. BPAT officers are highly knowledgeable and visible in securing their respective communities through ronda or patrol activity. BPAT officers also perform intelligence monitoring during the pandemic. The findings may provide additional information to the PNP and may give insights to the institution for the improvement of the performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) at the barangay level. Lastly this study recommends to maintain the BPAT’s excellent performance, and if possible to retrain them in upgrading the skills, and to have constant monitoring and evaluation of their performance and to establish a wider coverage of study or can be done to the entire city.
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Taganas, Marc Jason F., and Elma Fe E. Gupit. "Lived Experiences of Collaborative Synergy in Community Policing: A Phenomenological Study of BPAT and Police Partnership." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. XIII (2025): 235–45. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.913com0021.
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Community security involves the collective efforts of local authorities, law enforcement, and residents to ensure the safety and well-being of all members within a given area. This study explored the dynamics of collaboration between Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATs) and police officers in ensuring the safety and security of the community in one of the barangays of Manolo Fortich Bukinon. This study utilized a phenomenological research design which is participated by total of twelve (12) participants chosen using purposive sampling. Moustakas’ method of data analysis was used in analyzing data. The study revealed five interrelated themes—ranging from collaborative synergy and trust-building to communication barriers and crime reduction—that underscore the critical role of sustained partnerships, clear communication, and coordinated efforts in enhancing public safety outcomes through BPAT-Police collaboration. The study concluded that strong collaboration among BPATs, police officers, and the community is essential in building trust, improving coordination, and achieving effective and sustainable public safety outcomes. It was recommended that local government units and law enforcement agencies institutionalize structured collaborative frameworks.
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Buland, Justin R., Karla J. Wasserloos, Vladimir A. Tyurin, et al. "Biosynthesis of oxidized lipid mediators via lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of extracellular cardiolipin induces endothelial toxicity." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 311, no. 2 (2016): L303—L316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00038.2016.
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We (66) have previously described an NSAID-insensitive intramitochondrial biosynthetic pathway involving oxidation of the polyunsaturated mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), followed by hydrolysis [by calcium-independent mitochondrial calcium-independent phospholipase A2-γ (iPLA2γ)] of oxidized CL (CLox), leading to the formation of lysoCL and oxygenated octadecadienoic metabolites. We now describe a model system utilizing oxidative lipidomics/mass spectrometry and bioassays on cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) to assess the impact of CLox that we show, in vivo, can be released to the extracellular space and may be hydrolyzed by lipoprotein-associated PLA2 (Lp-PLA2). Chemically oxidized liposomes containing bovine heart CL produced multiple oxygenated species. Addition of Lp-PLA2 hydrolyzed CLox and produced (oxygenated) monolysoCL and dilysoCL and oxidized octadecadienoic metabolites including 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic (HODE) acids. CLox caused BPAEC necrosis that was exacerbated by Lp-PLA2. Lower doses of nonlethal CLox increased permeability of BPAEC monolayers. This effect was exacerbated by Lp-PLA2 and partially mimicked by authentic monolysoCL or 9- or 13-HODE. Control mice plasma contained virtually no detectable CLox; in contrast, 4 h after Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa) infection, 34 ± 8 mol% ( n = 6; P < 0.02) of circulating CL was oxidized. In addition, molar percentage of monolysoCL increased twofold after P. aeruginosa in a subgroup analyzed for these changes. Collectively, these studies suggest an important role for 1) oxidation of CL in proinflammatory environments and 2) possible hydrolysis of CLox in extracellular spaces producing lysoCL and oxidized octadecadienoic acid metabolites that may lead to impairment of pulmonary endothelial barrier function and necrosis.
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Jolina B., Bente, Macarimbang Naila M., Matunhay Jho ann D., Elma Fe E. Gupit, and Jose F. Cuevas Jr. "Assessment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team’s Performance During Covid-19 Pandemic in Ozamiz City." Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 05, no. 02 (2022): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2022.5218.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a newly found coronavirus that causes an infectious disease. Infected patients may develop mild to moderate respiratory infections and recover without the need for specific treatment. Barangay Tanods is at the forefront of maintaining peace and order. They are made up of civilian volunteers who protect the community from irregular forces while also demonstrating their commitment to crime prevention by acting as deterrents to criminals, particularly in places where police are scarce. The BPAT is a national program of the PNP to encourage people empowerment from the community to address the real-time response in case a need arises, be it peace and order, security, or rescue related matters. The study will utilize a descriptive type of research. A descriptive type of research accurately and systematically describes the responses of the population considered in a particular study. The results revealed that the overall performance of barangay tanod was excellent, regardless of age, educational attainment, or gender. There were no significant differences in the performance of tanods divided into different groups. On the other hand, the delivery of BPAT services for crime prevention needs to be enhanced. The goal of this research is to assess the BPAT’s performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the urban barangays in Ozamiz City, which includes the following: Barangay Aguada, Barangay Carmen Annex and Barangay Catadman in terms of patrolling, cooperation with other barangay officials, and health and safety protocol execution.
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Dhanasekaran, Anuradha, Sreedhar Bodiga, Stephanie Gruenloh, et al. "20-HETE increases survival and decreases apoptosis in pulmonary arteries and pulmonary artery endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, no. 3 (2009): H777—H786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01087.2008.
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20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is an endogenous cytochrome P-450 product present in vascular smooth muscle and uniquely located in the vascular endothelium of pulmonary arteries (PAs). 20-HETE enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of bovine PA endothelial cells (BPAECs) in an NADPH oxidase-dependent manner and is postulated to promote angiogenesis via activation of this pathway in systemic vascular beds. We tested the capacity of 20-HETE or a stable analog of this compound, 20-hydroxy-eicosa-5( Z),14( Z)-dienoic acid, to enhance survival and protect against apoptosis in BPAECs stressed with serum starvation. 20-HETE produced a concentration-dependent increase in numbers of starved BPAECs and increased 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation. Caspase-3 activity, nuclear fragmentation studies, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays supported protection from apoptosis and enhanced survival of starved BPAECs treated with a single application of 20-HETE. Protection from apoptosis depended on intact NADPH oxidase, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase, and ROS production. 20-HETE-stimulated ROS generation by BPAECs was blocked by inhibition of PI3-kinase or Akt activity. These data suggest 20-HETE-associated protection from apoptosis in BPAECs required activation of PI3-kinase and Akt and generation of ROS. 20-HETE also protected against apoptosis in BPAECs stressed by lipopolysaccharide, and in mouse PAs exposed to hypoxia reoxygenation ex vivo. In summary, 20-HETE may afford a survival advantage to BPAECs through activation of prosurvival PI3-kinase and Akt pathways, NADPH oxidase activation, and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide.
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Islam, Md Zohurul, Md Shafiqul Haque, and Md Abdul Mannan. "Rethinking of Curriculum for the Senior Staff Course of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre: An Empirical Analysis." Journal of Management and Development Studies 26 (May 18, 2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmds.v26i0.24938.
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One of the mandates of Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC) is to develop human capital of senior level civil servants of Bangladesh. This study has identified the development needs of the Joint Secretaries of Bangladesh Civil Service in order to facilitate knowledge and skills through Senior Staff Course (SSC) organized by BPATC. This study has used quantitative research approach. Data were collected from different levels of respondents that include officers of the rank of Joint Secretary, Additional Secretary and Secretary. The results have yielded seven thematic areas, in respect of knowledge and skills where Joint Secretaries are required to develop and with these seven thematic areas course contents need to be developed to achieve present and future priorities of the Government of Bangladesh.
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Wei, Zhihua, Abu B. Al-Mehdi, and Aron B. Fisher. "Signaling pathway for nitric oxide generation with simulated ischemia in flow-adapted endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 5 (2001): H2226—H2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.5.h2226.
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Ischemia in the intact ventilated lung (oxygenated ischemia) leads to endothelial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). This study investigated the signaling pathway for NO generation with oxygenated ischemia in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) that were flow adapted in vitro. BPAECs were cultured in an artificial capillary system and subjected to abrupt cessation of flow (ischemia) under conditions where cellular oxygenation was maintained. Immunoblotting and dichlorofluorescein/triazolofluorescein fluorescence were used to assess extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and ROS/NO generation, respectively. ERK1/2 phosphorylation significantly increased during ischemia, whereas total ERK1/2 did not change. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was suppressed by an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphorylation (genestein), cholesterol-binding reagents (filipin or cyclodextrin), or inhibitors of ROS (diphenyleneiodonium, N-acetylcysteine, or catalase), suggesting a role for both membrane cholesterol and ROS in ERK1/2 activation. Ischemia resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in NO generation that was suppressed by inhibitors of ERK1/2 activation (PD-98059 or U-0126). A calmodulin inhibitor (calmidizolium) or removal of Ca2+ from the medium also blocked NO generation, indicating that endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is the activated isoform. These results indicate ischemia induces NO generation (possibly through a membrane cholesterol-sensitive flow sensor), the ERK1/2 cascade mediates signaling from the sensor to eNOS, and ROS are required for ERK activation.
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Nelin, Leif D., Heather E. Nash, and Louis G. Chicoine. "Cytokine treatment increases arginine metabolism and uptake in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 281, no. 5 (2001): L1232—L1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.5.l1232.
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l-Arginine (l-Arg) is metabolized to nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS) or to urea by arginase (AR). l-Arg is transported into bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) by cationic amino acid transporter-2 (CAT-2). We hypothesized that cytokine treatment would increase l-Arg metabolism and increase CAT-2 mRNA expression. BPAECs were incubated for 24 h in medium (control) or medium with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α (L-T). L-T increased nitrite production (3.1 ± 0.4 nmol/24 h vs. 1.8 ± 0.1 nmol/24 h for control; P< 0.01) and urea production (83.5 ± 29.5 nmol/24 h vs. 17.8 ± 8.6 nmol/24 h for control; P < 0.05). L-T-treated BPAECs had greater endothelial and inducible NOS mRNA expression compared with control cells. Increasing the medium l-Arg concentration resulted in increased nitrite and urea production in both the control and the L-T-treated BPAECs. L-T treatment resulted in measurable CAT-2 mRNA. L-T increasedl-[3H]Arg uptake (5.78 ± 0.41 pmol vs. 4.45 ± 0.10 pmol for control; P < 0.05). In summary, L-T treatment increased l-Arg metabolism to both NO and urea in BPAECs and resulted in increased levels of CAT-2 mRNA. This suggests that induction of NOS and/or AR is linked to induction of CAT-2 in BPAECs and may represent a mechanism for maintainingl-Arg availability to NOS and/or AR.
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Peltz, Alon, Shariq I. Sherwani, Sainath R. Kotha, et al. "Calcium and Calmodulin Regulate Mercury-induced Phospholipase D Activation in Vascular Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Toxicology 28, no. 3 (2009): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581809338077.
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Earlier, we reported that mercury, the environmental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, activates vascular endothelial cell (EC) phospholipase D (PLD). Here, we report the novel and significant finding that calcium and calmodulin regulated mercury-induced PLD activation in bovine pulmonary artery ECs (BPAECs). Mercury (mercury chloride, 25 μM; thimerosal, 25 μM; methylmercury, 10 μM) significantly activated PLD in BPAECs. Calcium chelating agents and calcium depletion of the medium completely attenuated the mercury-induced PLD activation in ECs. Calmodulin inhibitors significantly attenuated mercury-induced PLD activation in BPAECs. Despite the absence of L-type calcium channels in ECs, nifedipine, nimodipine, and diltiazem significantly attenuated mercury-induced PLD activation and cytotoxicity in BPAECs. This study demonstrated the importance of calcium and calmodulin in the regulation of mercury-induced PLD activation and the protective action of L-type calcium channel blockers against mercury cytotoxicity in vascular ECs, suggesting mechanisms of mercury vasculotoxicity and mercury-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Li, Danqing, Huaguo Liang, Hong Zhang, et al. "BPath-RO: A Performance- and Area-Efficient In Situ Delay Measurement Scheme for Digital IC." Electronics 12, no. 23 (2023): 4853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234853.
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Circuit delays are increasingly sensitive to process, voltage, temperature, and aging (PVTA) variations, severely impacting circuit performance. Accurate measurement of circuit delay is essential. However, the additional hardware structures for measuring circuit delay add to the critical path delay. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bypass-based ring oscillator (BPath-RO) that reduces the impact on the critical path delay by moving the added measurement control structures to the bypass. The proposed measurement scheme requires only two transistors inserted into the critical path, which is more conducive to engineering change order (ECO). Measurement simulation experiments were performed on representative critical paths of the ISCAS’89 s298 and ITC’99 b15 benchmark circuits. The experimental results show that, in comparison with the existing architectures, the Bpath-RO delay measurement scheme improves the circuit performance by an average of 13.81% (s298) and 3.47% (b15) and reduces the hardware overhead by up to 70% for each path.
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Hosen, Shamim, and Md Zohurul Islam. "What Motivates to Transfer of Training?" Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration 30, no. 3 (2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36609/bjpa.v30i3.375.
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Training organizations in the public sector, on the other hand, have a mission to arrange training programs for human resource development at all levels. As a result, the training program's goal is to increase trainees' capacity in terms of skill, knowledge, and work behavior (attitude) so that they can offer better service to citizens.The Bangladesh Public Administration Training Centre (BPATC) and Bangladesh Public Service Administration Academy (BCSAA) are responsible for providing civil officials with training. The government has made training and development the highest priority, investing much in this domain. Motivation to the transfer of training has many folds; therefore, this study aims to identify the factors for motivation to transfer of training and find out the relationship of influencing factors for motivation to training transfer.The research took a quantitative method. The respondents have worked in the field and have received training from either BPATC or BCSAA or both training organizations. Using standardized questionnaire item scores ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree," data was collected from respondents.This study employed a purposeful random sampling approach. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, an online questionnaire (emailing) was circulated to 1800 participants who had received training from BPATC and BCSAA. A total of 307 respondents participated in the study.A model was developed based on research hypotheses. Model and formulated hypotheses were tested by Regression and Coefficient results, some hypotheses are shown positive and significant impact on the transfer of training. The regression model is significant, according to the results. Furthermore, some factors have a positive effect on motivation to transfer training according to Standardize coefficient value and level of significance (p<.05)
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Stanley, Kate P., Louis G. Chicoine, Tamara L. Young, et al. "Gene transfer with inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases production of urea by arginase in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 290, no. 2 (2006): L298—L306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00140.2005.
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Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator produced from l-arginine (l-Arg) by NO synthase (NOS). Gene therapy for hypertensive disorders has been proposed using the inducible isoform of NOS (iNOS). l-Arg also can be metabolized to urea and l-ornithine (l-Orn) by arginase, and l-Orn can be metabolized to proline and/or polyamines, which are vital for cellular proliferation. To determine the effect of iNOS gene transfer on arginase, we transfected bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (bPAEC) with an adenoviral vector containing the gene for iNOS (AdiNOS). As expected, NO production in AdiNOS bPAEC was substantially greater than in control bPAEC. Although urea production was significantly less in the AdiNOS bPAEC than in the control bPAEC, despite similar levels of arginase I protein, AdiNOS transfection of bPAEC had no effect on the uptake of l-Arg. Inhibiting NO production with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester increased urea production, and inhibiting urea production with l-valine increased nitrite production, in AdiNOS bPAEC. The addition of l-Arg to the medium increased urea production by AdiNOS bPAEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, in these iNOS-transfected bPAEC, the transfected iNOS and native arginase compete for a common intracellular pool of l-Arg. This competition for substrate resulted in impaired proliferation in the AdiNOS-transfected bPAEC. These findings suggest that the use of iNOS gene therapy for pulmonary hypertensive disorders may not only be beneficial through NO-mediated pulmonary vasodilation but also may decrease vascular remodeling by limiting l-Orn production by native arginase.
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Yu, Ming, Ryan P. McAndrew, Rula Al-Saghir, et al. "Nitric oxide contributes to 20-HETE-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 4 (2002): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00247.2002.
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In contrast to its constrictor effects on peripheral arteries, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is an endothelial-dependent dilator of pulmonary arteries (PAs). The present study examined the hypothesis that the vasodilator effects of 20-HETE in PAs are due to an elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the release of nitric oxide (NO) from bovine PA endothelial cells (BPAECs). BPAECs express cytochrome P-450 4A (CYP4A) protein and produce 20-HETE. 20-HETE dilated PAs preconstricted with U-46619 or norepinephrine and treated with the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor 17-octadecynoic acid and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. The dilator effect of 20-HETE was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or by removal of endothelium. 20-HETE significantly increased [Ca2+]i and NO production in BPAECs. 20-HETE-induced NO release was blunted by removal of extracellular calcium, as well as NO synthase inhibitors (l-NAME). These results suggest that 20-HETE dilates PAs at least in part by increasing [Ca2+]i and NO release in BPAECs.
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Mazerik, Jessica N., Thomas Hagele, Shariq Sherwani, et al. "Phospholipase A2 Activation Regulates Cytotoxicity of Methylmercury in Vascular Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Toxicology 26, no. 6 (2007): 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810701707759.
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Mercury has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among humans. Through diet, mainly fish consumption, humans are exposed to methylmercury, the biomethylated organic form of environmental mercury. As the endothelium is an important player in homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, here, the authors tested their hypothesis that methylmercury activates the lipid signaling enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), causing upstream regulation of cytotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, the authors used bovine pulmonary artery ECs (BPAECs) cultured in monolayers, following labeling of their membrane phospholipids with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA). The cells were exposed to methylmercury chloride (MMC) and then the release of free AA (index of PLA2 activity) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; index of cytotoxicity) were determined by liquid scintillation counting and spectrophotometry, respectively. MMC significantly activated PLA2 in a dose-dependent (5 to 15 μM) and time-dependent (0 to 60 min) fashion. Sulfhydryl (thiolprotective) agents, calcium chelators, antioxidants, and PLA2-specific inhibitors attenuated the MMC-induced PLA2 activation, suggesting the role of thiols, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium in the activation of PLA2 in BPAECs. MMC also induced the loss of thiols and increase of lipid peroxidation in BPAECs. MMC induced cytotoxicity in BPAECs as observed by the altered cell morphology and LDH leak, which was significantly attenuated by PLA2 inhibitors. This study established that PLA2 activation through thiols, calcium, and oxidative stress was associated with the cytotoxicity of MMC in BPAECs, drawing attention to the involvement of PLA2 signaling in the methylmercury-induced vascular endothelial dysfunctions.
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Chicoine, Louis G., Michael L. Paffett, Tamara L. Young, and Leif D. Nelin. "Arginase inhibition increases nitric oxide production in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 287, no. 1 (2004): L60—L68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00194.2003.
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Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by NO synthase (NOS) from l-arginine (l-Arg). Alternatively, l-Arg can be metabolized by arginase to produce l-ornithine and urea. Arginase (AR) exists in two isoforms, ARI and ARII. We hypothesized that inhibiting AR with l-valine (l-Val) would increase NO production in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (bPAEC). bPAEC were grown to confluence in either regular medium (EGM; control) or EGM with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α (L/T) added. Treatment of bPAEC with L/T resulted in greater ARI protein expression and ARII mRNA expression than in control bPAEC. Addition of l-Val to the medium led to a concentration-dependent decrease in urea production and a concentration-dependent increase in NO production in both control and L/T-treated bPAEC. In a second set of experiments, control and L/T bPAEC were grown in EGM, EGM with 30 mM l-Val, EGM with 10 mM l-Arg, or EGM with both 10 mM l-Arg and 30 mM l-Val. In both control and L/T bPAEC, treatment with l-Val decreased urea production and increased NO production. Treatment with l-Arg increased both urea and NO production. The addition of the combination l-Arg and l-Val decreased urea production compared with the addition of l-Arg alone and increased NO production compared with l-Val alone. These data suggest that competition for intracellular l-Arg by AR may be involved in the regulation of NOS activity in control bPAEC and in response to L/T treatment.
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Qiao, R. L., H. S. Wang, W. Yan, et al. "Extracellular matrix hyaluronan is a determinant of the endothelial barrier." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 1 (1995): C103—C109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.1.c103.
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We measured the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained after detaching bovine pulmonary microvascular endothelial (BPMVEC) and bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (BPAEC) monolayers from the ECM at different days postseeding. From day 1 to day 5 in culture, the total Lp (i.e., of cell monolayer + ECM) decreased from basal values of 17.1 +/- 4.0 to 8.5 +/- 1.6 x 10(-6) cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 in BPAEC (P < 0.05) and 7.6 +/- 1.1 to 3.7 +/- 0.8 in BPMVEC (P < 0.05), respectively, and on day 5 the total Lp values were lower in BPMVEC than in BPAEC (P < 0.05). On the 5th day, ECM Lp was 55.0 +/- 8.3 in BPAEC and 10.7 +/- 0.9 cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 in BPMVEC (P < 0.05), indicating that the contribution of ECM to the total Lp was greater in BPMVEC than in BPAEC. Treatment of [3H]acetate-labeled ECM with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (HAse; 6 U/ml for 10 min) released sixfold greater radioactivity in BPMVEC compared with untreated BPMVEC controls; a similar treatment of BPAEC did not release detectable radioactivity indicative of a higher hyaluronan content in the BPMVEC ECM. HAse treatment reduced the differences in total Lp between BPMVEC and BPAEC at different days postseeding. Moreover, on the 5th day after seeding, the ECM Lp of BPMVEC increased to a greater extent after HAse treatment than the ECM of BPAEC. These data indicate that the hyaluronan component of the ECM is an important determinant of the endothelial liquid-exchange barrier.
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Patyal, Neha, Santosh Kumari, Kajal Banyal, et al. "Effectiveness of goal oriented prenatal education on birth preparedness and complication readiness among antenatal mothers in selected community areas." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 14, no. 5 (2025): 1582–90. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20251245.
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Background: High maternal mortality has been associated with inadequate Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) and non-institutional delivery in developing countries. Therefore, there is a need for proven interventions that will improve BPACR and institutional delivery to reduce maternal mortality. This study evaluated the effects of Goal-Oriented Prenatal Education (GOPE) on pregnant women's BPACR and institutional delivery. The objectives of the study were to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of GOPE regarding BPACR by comparing mean pre and post scores of experimental and control groups. Find out the association between post-test GOPE score regarding BPACR among antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables. Methods: This was a community based pre-test and post-test interventional study (quasi-experimental research design) and was conducted in two randomly selected community areas. A total of 60 antenatal mothers were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by socio demographic variables, self-structured questionnaire. Results: In experimental group pre-test mean knowledge score was 14.23 and post-test was 20.70. Whereas in control group the pre-test mean knowledge score was 15.00 and post-test was 15.60. As result showed that ‘t’ value 8.21 p=0.00* level which indicates significance at <0.05 level. Hence research hypothesis was accepted that it was proclaimed that the GOPE had definite impact on increasing in the level of knowledge score regarding BPACR among antenatal mothers in both groups. Conclusions: GOPE was effective to increase in knowledge score regarding BPACR.
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Marutha, Nanthiny B.S., T. Susila, P. Seenivasan, et al. "Women's Literacy and Prenatal Caregiver Characteristics as Significant Determinants of Optimal Birth Preparedness Coverage among Antenatal Mothers Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North Chennai." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 7 (2024): 839–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13120037.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Pregnancy and the birth of a child is a transformational phase in the life of the parents. Knowledge and awareness among antenatal women during this period are critical to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) is the process for planning normal birth, and anticipating the actions needed in case of emergency. <strong>Aim:</strong> This study was conducted in view of assessing the level of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among antenatal women and to determine the factors associated with BPACR, which will be helpful in improving the ongoing maternal and child health programs. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in Government RSRM hospital, Chennai. The study subjects were antenatal mothers in second and third trimesters. <strong>Results:</strong> Among 144 antenatal women, 49.31% of the study participants were found to have optimal BPACR practice. Women’s education level showed a significant association with BPACR (p=0.0000). Women who had experienced complications in their previous pregnancies had increased BPACR (p=0.0030). Unsatisfactory BPACR practice among women was due to poor knowledge of key danger signs. There was a significant association between BPACR and women who were taken care of in their mother’s house (p=0.0060). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Increasing Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) awareness is very crucial among women with lower educational levels and those for whom prenatal care givers are not their mothers. Further, there is an unmet need for specific health literacy among all antenatal women about the key danger signs of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum.
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Bodiga, Sreedhar, Stephanie K. Gruenloh, Ying Gao, et al. "20-HETE-induced nitric oxide production in pulmonary artery endothelial cells is mediated by NADPH oxidase, H2O2, and PI3-kinase/Akt." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 298, no. 4 (2010): L564—L574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00298.2009.
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We have shown that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) increases both superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) production in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs). The current study was designed to determine mechanisms underlying 20-HETE-stimulated NO release, and particularly the role of NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species, and PI3-kinase in stimulated NO release. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NO production were detected by dichlorofluorescein or dihydrorhodamine and diaminofluorescein fluorescence, respectively. Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (Ser1179) and Akt (Ser473) was assessed by comparing the ratio of phosphorylated to total protein expression by Western blotting. Addition of 20-HETE to BPAECs caused an increase in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, but not peroxynitrite. 20-HETE-evoked activation of Akt and eNOS, as well as enhanced NO release, are dependent on H2O2 as opposed to superoxide in that these endpoints are blocked by PEG-catalase and not PEG-superoxide dismutase. Similarly, 20-HETE-stimulated NO production in BPAECs is blocked by NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin or gp91 blocking peptide, and by PI3-kinase/Akt blockers wortmannin, LY-294002, or Akt inhibitor, implicating NADPH oxidase, PI3-kinase, and Akt signaling pathways, respectively, in this process. Together, these data suggest the following scheme: 20-HETE stimulates NADPH oxidase-dependent formation of superoxide. Superoxide is rapidly dismutated to hydrogen peroxide, which then mediates activation of PI3-kinase/Akt, phosphorylation of eNOS, and enhanced release of NO from eNOS in response to 20-HETE in BPAECs.
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Deshmukh, Namita, Avinash Borkar, and Mrityunjay Rathore. "Assessment of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women in rural area of Chhattisgarh: a community based cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 4 (2019): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191397.
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Background: Neonatal and maternal mortality are the major concerns in the country mainly due to the “three delays” in seeking, reaching, and obtaining appropriate care. Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) is one of the most important tools to assess these delays. BPACR is the process of planning for normal birth and anticipating the actions needed in case of an emergency. The current study was undertaken to assess the status of BPACR among pregnant women in rural area of Kharsiya block in Raigarh district.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 pregnant women in rural area of Kharsiya during January-June 2017. All the pregnant females were interviewed using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Knowledge about danger signs, planning for transport, place and delivery by skilled birth attendant, financial management were assessed. BPACR index was also calculated.Results: The BPACR index was found to be very low (27.79%). About 73.65% women identified a skilled birth attendant for delivery but, only 10% women saved money and only 2.7% women had identified a blood donor for emergency. Nearly 74.54% women had no knowledge about danger or warning signs during pregnancy while 89.09% were unaware of complications during labour and 97.27% women did not know about puerperal complications.Conclusions: BPACR index in this rural area was very low. Vast majority of women were not knowledgeable about birth preparedness and complication readiness.
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Chicione, Louis G., Michael R. Stenger, Hongmei Cui, et al. "Nitric oxide suppression of cellular proliferation depends on cationic amino acid transporter activity in cytokine-stimulated pulmonary endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 300, no. 4 (2011): L596—L604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00029.2010.
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Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) is a stress response protein upregulated in inflammatory conditions, and NO may suppress cellular proliferation. We hypothesized that preventing l-arginine (l-arg) uptake in endothelial cells would prevent lipopolysaccharide/tumor necrosis factor-α (LPS/TNF)-induced, NO-mediated suppression of cellular proliferation. Bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (bPAEC) were treated with LPS/TNF or vehicle (control), and either 10 mM l-leucine [l-leu; a competitive inhibitor of l-arg uptake by the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT)] or its vehicle. In parallel experiments, iNOS or arginase II were overexpressed in bPAEC using an adenoviral vector (AdiNOS or AdArgII, respectively). LPS/TNF treatment increased the expression of iNOS, arginase II, CAT-1, and CAT-2 mRNA in bPAEC, resulting in greater NO and urea production than in control bPAEC, which was prevented by l-leu. LPS/TNF treatment resulted in fewer viable cells than in controls, and LPS/TNF-stimulated bPAEC treated with l-leu had more viable cells than LPS/TNF treatment alone. LPS/TNF treatment resulted in cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase expression, which was attenuated by l-leu. AdiNOS reduced viable cell number, and treatment of AdiNOS transfected bPAEC with l-leu preserved cell number. AdArgII increased viable cell number, and treatment of AdArgII transfected bPAEC with l-leu prevented the increase in cell number. These data demonstrate that iNOS expression in pulmonary endothelial cells leads to decreased cellular proliferation, which can be attenuated by preventing cellular l-arg uptake. We speculate that CAT activity may represent a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory lung diseases characterized by NO overproduction.
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Hagele, Thomas J., Jessica N. Mazerik, Anita Gregory, et al. "Mercury Activates Vascular Endothelial Cell Phospholipase D through Thiols and Oxidative Stress." International Journal of Toxicology 26, no. 1 (2007): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810601120509.
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Currently, mercury has been identified as a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases among humans. Here, the authors tested the hypothesis that mercury modulates the activity of the endothelial lipid signaling enzyme, phospholipase D (PLD), which is an important player in the endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions. Monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery ECs (BPAECs) in culture, following labeling of membrane phospholipids with [32P]orthophosphate, were exposed to mercuric chloride (inorganic form), methylmercury chloride (environmental form), and thimerosal (pharmaceutical form), and the formation of phosphatidylbutanol as an index of PLD activity was determined by thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. All three forms of mercury significantly activated PLD in BPAECs in a dose-dependent (0 to 50 μM) and time-dependent (0 to 60 min) fashion. Metal chelators significantly attenuated mercury-induced PLD activation, suggesting that cellular mercury-ligand interaction(s) is required for the enzyme activation and that chelators are suitable blockers for mercury-induced PLD activation. Sulfhydryl (thiol-protective) agents and antioxidants also significantly attenuated the mercury-induced PLD activation in BPAECs. Enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, as an index of oxidative stress, was observed in BPAECs treated with methylmercury that was attenuated by antioxidants. All the three different forms of mercury significantly induced the decrease of levels of total cellular thiols. For the first time, this study revealed that mercury induced the activation of PLD in the vascular ECs wherein cellular thiols and oxidative stress acted as signal mediators for the enzyme activation. The results underscore the importance of PLD signaling in mercury-induced endothelial dysfunctions ultimately leading to cardiovascular diseases.
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Tissot Van Patot, M. C., S. MacKenzie, A. Tucker, and N. F. Voelkel. "Endotoxin-induced adhesion of red blood cells to pulmonary artery endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 270, no. 1 (1996): L28—L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.270.1.l28.
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Cell-cell interactions are important in intravascular inflammation. Neutrophils and monocytes adhere to the vascular endothelium and release mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and reactive oxygen species. Red blood cells (RBC) from patients with malaria, sickle cell anemia, and diabetes also adhere to endothelial cells. The objectives of this investigation were to develop a bovine system of RBC adhesion to endothelial cells and to begin to investigate the mechanisms involved in the RBC adhesion. We show that 51Cr-RBC adhere to bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) after stimulation of both cell types with endotoxin (ETX; 50 micrograms/ml). RBC adhesion to BPAEC depended on the ETX concentration and the presence of divalent cations. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase; catalase; and dimethyl sulfoxide) all induced RBC adhesion to BPAEC. Phosphatidylserine, which has been implicated in adhesion of sickle cells and aged RBC to endothelium, reduced RBC adhesion to BPAEC, whether ETX-treated or not. In conclusion, ETX, proinflammatory cytokines and, surprisingly, antioxidants increase RBC adherence to BPAEC monolayers. RBC adhesion to endothelium is decreased by phosphatidylserine.
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Jacobs, Elizabeth R., Daling Zhu, Stephanie Gruenloh, Bernardo Lopez, and Meetha Medhora. "VEGF-induced relaxation of pulmonary arteries is mediated by endothelial cytochrome P-450 hydroxylase." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 291, no. 3 (2006): L369—L377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00265.2004.
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The cytochrome P-450 metabolite 20-HETE induces calcium-, endothelial-, and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent relaxation of bovine pulmonary arteries (PA). VEGF is an NO-dependent dilator of systemic arteries and plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the pulmonary vasculature. We tested the effect of VEGF on PA diameter and tone and the contribution of cytochrome P-450 family 4 (CYP4) to vasoactive effects of VEGF. Bovine PA rings (1 mm in diameter) relaxed with VEGF (0.1–10 nM) in an endothelial- and eNOS-dependent manner. This response was blunted by pretreatment with the CYP4 inhibitor dibromododecynyl methyl sulfonamide (DDMS) as well as a mechanistically different CYP4 inhibitor N-hydroxy- N′-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine. PAs also increased in diameter by 6–12% in the presence of VEGF (10 nM), and this increase was attenuated by DDMS. In contrast to that shown in PAs, 20-HETE constricted bovine renal arteries and did not increase intracellular Ca2+ in renal artery endothelial cells as observed in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs). VEGF-evoked increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in BPAECs were blunted by treatment with DDMS. Both VEGF (10 nM) and 20-HETE (1–5 μM) stimulated NO release from cultured BPAECs, and once again VEGF-induced increases were attenuated by pretreating the cells with DDMS. We conclude that CYP4/20-HETE contributes to VEGF-stimulated NO release and vasodilation in bovine PAs. Given the unique expression of 20-HETE-forming CYP4 in BPAECs vs. systemic arterial endothelial cells, CYP4 may be an important mediator of endothelial-dependent vasoreactivity in PAs.
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Saaka, Mahama, and Lawal Alhassan. "Prevalence and predictors of birth preparedness and complication readiness in the Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana: an analytical cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (2021): e042906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042906.
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ObjectivesTo assess birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) and associated factors among mothers who had given birth in the past 12 months prior to the study.DesignAn analytical cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was carried out in the rural areas of Kassena-Nankana district located in the Upper East Region of Ghana.ParticipantsThe study population comprised 600 postpartum women who had delivered within the last 12 months prior to the study.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was BPACR.ResultsThe prevalence of BPACR among recently delivered women was very low as less than 15% were able to mention at least three of the five basic components of birth preparedness/complication readiness that were fulfilled. After adjustment for confounding effect using multivariable logistic regression analysis, high educational level (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.40 (95% CI: 1.88 to 6.15)), better knowledge about obstetric danger signs during pregnancy (AOR=4.88 (95% CI: 2.68 to 8.90)), older women (≥35 years) (AOR=2.59 (95% CI: 1.11 to 6.02)), women of low household wealth index (AOR=4.64 (95% CI: 1.97 to 10.91)) and women who received lower content of antenatal care services (AOR=3.34 (95% CI: 1.69 to 6.60)) were significant predictors of BPACR.ConclusionThis study concludes that BPACR practices were low. High educational attainment of the woman, having adequate knowledge about obstetric danger signs during pregnancy, older women (≥35 years) and women of low household wealth index were significant predictors of BPACR. The predictors identified should be given high priority by health authorities in addressing low prevalence of BPACR.
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Schaeffer, R. C., F. Gong, and M. S. Bitrick. "Restricted diffusion of macromolecules by endothelial monolayers and small-pore filters." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 263, no. 1 (1992): L27—L36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.263.1.l27.
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We studied the size-selective permeability and restricted diffusion (Rd) properties of macromolecules across bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAEC) or epithelial (LLC-PK1) monolayers grown on polycarbonate (PC) filter supports using fluorescein isothiocyanate-hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES, 16 A less than ae less than 180 A). Most BPAEC seeded at subconfluent density and grown for 3–6 days produced barriers with marked Rd. This characteristic was similar to that measured across PC filters with pore radii (rp) of 150 and 250 A without cells. Rd of LLC-PK1 monolayers was consistent with a transport pathway rp of much less than 75A. BPAEC monolayers prepared by supraconfluent seeding showed convective solute transport due to a significant number of incompletely formed intracellular junctions. Most monolayers grown to confluence, or a thin layer of collagen type I prevented this effect, Rd was enhanced when BPAEC monolalyers were grown on this collagen network. These data suggest that the subendothelial layers, which includes basal lamina, pericyte, and interstitial collagen, may act as series resistors with the endothelium to provide the Rd observed in the microvascular wall in vivo. This may explain why BPAEC monolayers grown to confluence without subendothelial layers in vitro showed Rd consistent with large (150–250 A) rp that was significantly greater than those modeled as the small (approximately 50 A) “pore” or 6-A fiber matrix of the in vivo capillary wall.
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ISLAM, Zohurul, and Rakib HOSSAIN. "WHAT MATTERS FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A TRAINING ORGANIZATION? EVIDENCE FROM BPATC." Journal of Community Positive Practices 19, no. 4 (2019): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35782/jcpp.2019.4.03.
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Ning, Yi, Yichi Chen, Mingcun Wang, Kaiyun Zhou, Tao Su, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Calixarene–based cyanate ester resin for high-temperature material." High Performance Polymers 31, no. 3 (2018): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008318772870.
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p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene-derived cyanate ester resins, both single and binary systems, were synthesized and studied for their thermal properties. The results showed that pure calixarene cyanate ester can be thermally cured at comparatively high temperature, which remains in original powder state after thermally cured. So the pure calixarene cyanate ester resin fails to meet the processing demands of resin-matrixed composite. In this work, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene cyanate ester was chemically functionalized to have highly decreased thermal cure temperature (by copolymerization with epoxy, bisphenol A cyanate ester (BPACE), and polysilazane (PSZ), respectively). The binary resins were thermally cured into monolithic materials. The optimal acceleration of thermal cure reaction was achieved with an addition of 10% PSZ. The addition of epoxy resin decreased thermal resistance and carbon yield of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene cyanate ester and addition of BPACE slightly decreased thermal resistance and carbon yield, while PSZ highly improved thermal resistance and carbon yield. Glass transition temperature of the co-cured resin of calixarene cyanate ester with 10% PSZ was much higher than that of conventional BPACE. Calixarene cyanate ester possesses much better property than that of conventional BPACE resin.
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Tracey, W. R., R. A. Johns, G. Romero, and M. J. Peach. "Mechanism of phospholipase C-induced release of EDRF from pulmonary artery endothelium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 261, no. 5 (1991): C927—C935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.5.c927.
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The mechanism of phospholipase (PL) C-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) was investigated. Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) were treated with phosphatidylinositol (PI)-selective PLCs, nonselective PLCs, or a nonselective PLD. PI-PLCs elicited PI-glycan anchor hydrolysis but did not alter either intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in fura-2-loaded BPAEC or EDRF production in BPAEC-vascular smooth muscle cocultures. In contrast, non-selective PLCs increased [Ca2+]i, an effect prevented by prior exposure to the PLCs, and EDRF production in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Antibodies raised against PI-glycan anchors did not alter, while heat denaturation abolished, the PLC-dependent effects. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ with [ethylene-bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid both prevented and reversed PLC-stimulated increases in [Ca2+]i and inhibited EDRF production. Although Mn2+ quenched PLC-induced increases in fura-2 fluorescence, high PLC concentrations elicited significant dye loss from fura-2-loaded BPAEC. We conclude that the effects of exogenous PLC on EDRF production are not dependent on release of a membrane PI-glycan-linked moiety. Rather, the PLC actions are mediated by a graded increase in cell membrane permeability, probably related to pore formation by the hemolytic activity of the enzyme, followed by an influx of extracellular Ca2+.
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Betty, Roosihermiatie, Oktarina Oktarina, and Afifah Tien. "Factors Associated with Good Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant Women in Malang District, Indonesia." BIO Web of Conferences 133 (2024): 00007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413300007.
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Indonesia has a high maternal mortality rate, despite the prevalence of antenatal care and delivery assistance by competent birth attendants. This study aims to identify factors associated with good Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) among pregnant women in Malang District. An observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 60 pregnant women. Factors examined include socioeconomics, cultural beliefs, obstetric characteristics, and knowledge of BPACR. The participants had a mean age of 26.3 years and a mean gestational age of 26.4 weeks; 51.5% were in their second pregnancy, 53.3% had completed high school or higher education, and 83.3% were housewives. Additionally, 50% reported cultural beliefs or prohibitions against certain activities that could impede labor, while 51.7% adhered to food taboos perceived to affect labor. Of the participants, 91.7% had a Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbook, 31.7% had read the entire handbook, and 21.7% were aware of at least two danger signs during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Good BPACR was defined as meeting at least three of four criteria, namely identifying a competent birth attendant, choosing a health facility for delivery, saving funds, and arranging transport. Reading the entire MCH handbook (aOR: 7.225) and holding certain cultural beliefs or prohibitions (aOR: 6.359) were significantly associated with good BPACR. These beliefs reflect a positive attitude toward recognizing obstetric danger signs.
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Natarajan, V., S. Vepa, R. S. Verma, and W. M. Scribner. "Role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in H2O2-induced activation of endothelial cell phospholipase D." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 271, no. 3 (1996): L400—L408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.3.l400.
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Oxidant-induced activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) is independent of protein kinase C and calcium. In the present study, the effects of tyrosine kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) inhibitors on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PLD activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation were examined in BPAEC. Pretreatment of BPAEC with putative tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein, tyrphostin, and herbimycin attenuated H2O2 (1 mM)-induced PLD activation. The inhibitory effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors was highly specific for H2O2-induced modulation and showed no effect on PLD activation mediated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate or bradykinin. Furthermore, addition of H2O2 increased in a time-dependent manner tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins (17-200 kDa), as determined by immunoblot analysis with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. H2O2-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation preceded PLD activation, and a good correlation was observed on the effect of genistein in H2O2-induced PLD activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Addition of vanadate, a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, synergistically increased both PLD activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by H2O2. Moreover, vanadate by itself had minimal effect on basal PLD activity in BPAEC; however, at 10 microM vanadate, an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation was observed. In addition to vanadate, phenylarsine oxide and diamide potentiated H2O2-induced PLD activation. These results suggest that tyrosine kinase activation may be involved in H2O2-induced PLD activation in vascular endothelial cells.
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Sun, Lihua, Ning He, Xi Duan, Bingbing Yang, Cuimin Feng, and Yajun Zhang. "The membrane fouling mechanisms of the PAC/BPAC-UF combined process used to treat the secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 1 (2017): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.518.
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Abstract The combined processes of powdered activated carbon/biological powdered activated carbon- ultrafiltration (PAC/BPAC-UF) were used to treat secondary effluent. In this study, the effect of PAC and BPAC on membrane flux, membrane resistance and the removal of different molecular weight organic compounds were investigated. In addition, the structure characteristics of the microorganisms of the BPAC were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum dosage of PAC and BPAC was 10 mg/L and 40 mg/L respectively. The reversible membrane fouling resistance of BPAC-UF was higher than that of PAC-UF, and the two processes had the least irreversible resistance at the best dosage. The biodegradation of BPAC increased the concentration of small molecular weight organic matter up to 10,000 Da in the membrane effluent. So the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal effect of BPAC-UF process worsened. Microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and other microorganisms on the surface of the BPAC enhanced the removal of organic matter in water. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) scans showed that there was net mucus membrane on the UF membrane surface before the backwashing of the BPAC-UF process which increased the proportion of reversible pollution resistance. The physical flushing effect of BPAC-UF was better than that of direct UF and PAC-UF processes.
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Gow, Andrew J., Stephen R. Thom, and Harry Ischiropoulos. "Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite-mediated pulmonary cell death." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 274, no. 1 (1998): L112—L118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.274.1.l112.
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Nitric oxide (⋅ NO) can be produced within the lung, and recently inhaled nitric oxide has been used as a therapeutic agent. Peroxynitrite1(ONOO−), the product of the nearly diffusion-limited reaction between ⋅ NO and superoxide, may represent the proximal reactive species mediating ⋅ NO injury to pulmonary cells. To investigate the physiological and pathological reactivities of ⋅ NO and ONOO− at the molecular and cellular levels, bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) and rat type II epithelial cells were exposed to ⋅ NO (0.01–2.5 μM/min for 2 h) generated by spermine-NONOate and papa-NONOate and to the same fluxes of ONOO− generated by 1,3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Exposure to SIN-1 resulted in cellular injury and death in both cell types. Epithelial cells displayed a concentration-dependent loss of cellular viability within 8 h of exposure. In contrast, BPAEC loss of cellular viability was evident after 18 h postexposure. Events preceding cell death in BPAEC include depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, evident as early as 6 h postexposure, loss of cellular redox activity at 16 h, and DNA fragmentation detected by in situ staining at 18 h after exposure. Exposure of BPAEC to ⋅ NO did not affect the cellular viability, but type II cells were injured in a manner similar to ONOO− exposure. ⋅ NO-mediated cellular injury within type II cells was reduced by preincubation with N-acetylcysteine. The data imply that the pathological and physiological effects of ⋅ NO may be regulated by its reactions with superoxide and reduced thiols.
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Lee, Diane, and Mark Chambers. "A bilayer tissue culture model of the bovine alveolus." F1000Research 8 (April 1, 2019): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18696.1.
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The epithelial lining of the lung is often the first point of interaction between the host and inhaled pathogens, allergens and medications. Epithelial cells are therefore the main focus of studies which aim to shed light on host-pathogen interactions, to dissect the mechanisms of local host immunity and study toxicology. If these studies are not to be conducted exclusively in vivo, it is imperative that in vitro models are developed with a high in vitro-in vivo correlation. We describe here a co-culture bilayer model of the bovine alveolus, designed to overcome some of the limitations encountered with mono-culture and live animal models. Our system includes bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) seeded onto a permeable membrane in 24 well Transwell format. The BPAECs are overlaid with immortalised bovine alveolar type II epithelial cells and the bilayer cultured at air-liquid interface for 14 days before use; in our case to study host-mycobacterial interactions. Characterisation of novel cell lines and the bilayer model have provided compelling evidence that immortalised bovine alveolar type II cells are an authentic substitute for primary alveolar type II cells and their culture as a bilayer in conjunction with BPAECs provides a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the bovine alveolus. The bilayer model may be used to study dynamic intracellular and extracellular host-pathogen interactions, using proteomics, genomics, live cell imaging, in-cell ELISA and confocal microscopy. The model presented in this article enables other researchers to establish an in vitro model of the bovine alveolus that is easy to set up, malleable and serves as a comparable alternative to in vivo models, whilst allowing study of early host-pathogen interactions, currently not feasible in vivo. The model therefore achieves one of the 3Rs objectives in that it replaces the use of animals in research of bovine respiratory diseases.
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Lee, Diane, and Mark Chambers. "A co-culture model of the bovine alveolus." F1000Research 8 (July 30, 2019): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18696.2.
Full textAbstract:
The epithelial lining of the lung is often the first point of interaction between the host and inhaled pathogens, allergens and medications. Epithelial cells are therefore the main focus of studies which aim to shed light on host-pathogen interactions, to dissect the mechanisms of local host immunity and study toxicology. If these studies are not to be conducted exclusively in vivo, it is imperative that in vitro models are developed with a high in vitro- in vivo correlation. We describe here a co-culture model of the bovine alveolus, designed to overcome some of the limitations encountered with mono-culture and live animal models. Our system includes bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAECs) seeded onto a permeable membrane in 24 well Transwell format. The BPAECs are overlaid with immortalised bovine alveolar type II epithelial cells and cultured at air-liquid interface for 14 days before use; in our case to study host-mycobacterial interactions. Characterisation of novel cell lines and the co-culture model have provided compelling evidence that immortalised bovine alveolar type II cells are an authentic substitute for primary alveolar type II cells and their co-culture with BPAECs provides a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the bovine alveolus. The co-culture model may be used to study dynamic intracellular and extracellular host-pathogen interactions, using proteomics, genomics, live cell imaging, in-cell ELISA and confocal microscopy. The model presented in this article enables other researchers to establish an in vitro model of the bovine alveolus that is easy to set up, malleable and serves as a comparable alternative to in vivo models, whilst allowing study of early host-pathogen interactions, currently not feasible in vivo. The model therefore achieves one of the 3Rs objectives in that it replaces the use of animals in research of bovine respiratory diseases.
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Shimoda, Larissa A., Laura E. Welsh, and David B. Pearse. "Inhibition of inwardly rectifying K+ channels by cGMP in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283, no. 2 (2002): L297—L304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00469.2001.
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Endothelial barrier dysfunction is typically triggered by increased intracellular Ca2+concentration. Membrane-permeable analogs of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) prevent disruption of endothelial cell integrity. Because membrane potential ( E m), which influences the electrochemical gradient for Ca2+ influx, is regulated by K+ channels, we investigated the effect of 8-bromo-cGMP on E m and inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) currents in bovine pulmonary artery and microvascular endothelial cells (BPAEC and BMVEC), using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Both cell types exhibited inward currents at potentials negative to −50 mV that were abolished by application of 10 μM Ba2+, consistent with KIR current. Ba2+ also depolarized both cell types. 8-Bromo-cGMP (10−3 M) depolarized BPAEC and BMVEC and inhibited KIR current. Pretreatment with Rp-8-cPCT-cGMPS or KT-5823, protein kinase G (PKG) antagonists, did not prevent current inhibition by 8-bromo-cGMP. These data suggest that 8-bromo-cGMP induces depolarization in BPAEC and BMVEC due, in part, to PKG-independent inhibition of KIR current. The depolarization could be a protective mechanism that prevents endothelial cell barrier dysfunction by reducing the driving force for Ca2+ entry.
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Myers, C. L., J. S. Lazo, and B. R. Pitt. "Translocation of protein kinase C is associated with inhibition of 5-HT uptake by cultured endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 257, no. 4 (1989): L253—L258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1989.257.4.l253.
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Acute exposure (30 min-1 h) of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture (BPAEC) to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA 10(-10)-10(-6) M) resulted in concentration-dependent decrement in serotonin (5-HT) uptake. Neither cell viability (trypan blue exclusion or release of deoxyglucose) nor activity of another plasma membrane function, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, were affected. A decrease in 5-HT uptake was also noted with phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate and mezerein, but not with 4-alpha-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate, which does not stimulate protein kinase C (PKC). Inhibition of 5-HT uptake by PMA (160 nM) was reversed in a concentration-dependent manner by pretreatment of cells with the PKC inhibitor staurosporine (3-100 nM). BPAEC were treated with PMA (160 nM) for 1 h, and activities of PKC in cytosolic and membrane compartments were determined. PMA did not significantly affect total cellular PKC activity but resulted in a translocation of activity from cytosol to membrane (control membrane activity 67 +/- 4%; PMA-treated membrane activity 97 +/- 1% of total cellular PKC). Thus we propose that translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane results in inhibition of 5-HT uptake by BPAEC.
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Paulsen, Daniel B., Anthony W. Confer, Kenneth D. Clinkenbeard, and Derek A. Mosier. "Pasteurella haemolytica lipopolysaccharide-induced arachidonic acid release from and neutrophil adherence to bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells." American Journal of Veterinary Research 51, no. 10 (1990): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1990.51.10.1635.
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SUMMARY Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (bpaec) were labeled with 3H-arachidonic acid. Exposure of the labeled bpaec to Pasteurella haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (lps) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent release of radioactivity. The release was inhibited by 5 mM indomethacin, but inhibition was not caused by ≤ 500 μM indomethacin or hydrocortisone, which suggests that the release was caused primarily by a mechanism other than cyclooxygenase or phospholipase A2 metabolism of arachidonic acid. Pasteurella haemolytica lps also caused increased adherence of bovine neutrophils to bpaec through independent effects on both cell types. The increased adherence was inhibited by treatment of either cell type with cycloheximide or actinomycin D prior to lps exposure, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was required in both cell types to promote the lps-induced adherence. Lipopolysaccharide may be an important factor in neutrophil-mediated effects in pneumonic pasteurellosis by causing increased neutrophil adherence and, thus, the vascular sequestration of neutrophils. Together, these experiments provide additional evidence for the involvement of lps in pneumonic pasteurellosis. Moreover, they provide evidence of lps-induced endothelial activation, which could have broad ramifications in the inflammatory and immune responses of pneumonic pasteurellosis.
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Zhang, Ming, Bao Luo, Shi-Juan Chen, Gary A. Abrams, and Michael B. Fallon. "Endothelin-1 stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 277, no. 5 (1999): G944—G952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.5.g944.
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Biliary cirrhosis in the rat triggers intrapulmonary vasodilatation and gas exchange abnormalities that characterize the hepatopulmonary syndrome. This vasodilatation correlates with increased levels of pulmonary microcirculatory endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and hepatic and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1). Prehepatic portal hypertension induced by portal vein ligation (PVL) does not cause similar changes, suggesting that ET-1 in cirrhosis may modulate pulmonary eNOS and vascular tone. We assessed whether ET-1 altered eNOS expression and nitric oxide production in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAECs) and if a 2-wk low-level intravenous ET-1 infusion in PVL animals modulated pulmonary eNOS levels, microcirculatory tone, and gas exchange. ET-1 caused a 2.5-fold increase in eNOS protein in BPAECs, inhibitable with an endothelin B receptor antagonist, and an increase in eNOS mRNA and nitrite production. ET-1 infusion in PVL animals caused increased pulmonary eNOS levels, intrapulmonary vasodilatation, and gas exchange abnormalities without increasing pulmonary arterial pressure. ET-1 produced during hepatic injury may contribute to the hepatopulmonary syndrome by modulating eNOS and inducing pulmonary microcicrulatory vasodilatation.
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Zhang, Chunlei, Adeola M. Alashi, Nisha Singh, Prashen Chelikani, and Rotimi E. Aluko. "Glycated Beef Protein Hydrolysates as Sources of Bitter Taste Modifiers." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (2019): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092166.
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Being averse to bitter taste is a common phenomenon for humans and other animals, which requires the pharmaceutical and food industries to source compounds that can block bitterness intensity and increase consumer acceptability. In this work, beef protein alcalase hydrolysates (BPAH) and chymotrypsin hydrolysates (BPCH) were reacted with glucose to initiate Maillard reactions that led to the formation of glycated or advanced glycation end products (AGEs), BPAH-AGEs and BPCH-AGEs, respectively. The degree of glycation was higher for the BPAH-AGEs (47–55%) than the BPCH-AGEs (30–38%). Analysis by an electronic tongue instrument showed that BPAH-AGEs and BPCH-AGEs had bitterness scores that were significantly (p < 0.05) less than quinine. The addition of BPAH-AGEs or BPCH-AGEs to quinine led to significant (p < 0.05) reductions (up to 38%) in bitterness intensity of quinine. The use of 3% hydrolysate to react with glucose yielded glycated peptides with a stronger ability to reduce quinine bitterness than when 1% was used. Calcium release from HEK293T cells stably expressing the T2R4 human bitter taste receptor was significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by BPAH-AGEs (up to 96%) and BPCH-AGEs (up to 92%) when compared to the BPAH (62%) and BPCH (3%) or quinine (0%). We concluded that BPAH-AGEs and BPCH-AGEs may be used as bitter taste blockers to formulate better tasting foods.
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Seo, G. T., S. Ohgaki, and Y. Suzuki. "Sorption characteristics of biological powdered activated carbon in BPAC-MF (biological powdered activated carbon-microfiltration) system for refractory organic removal." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (1997): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0273.
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The sorption characteristic of biological powdered activated carbon (BPAC) were investigated in a hybrid membrane process which was accomplished by introducing powdered activated carbon (PAC) into a crossflow microfiltration system and seeding microorganisms. This combined process was designated BPAC-MF and could be an alternative system for reclamation of secondary sewage effluent. Experiments were carried out to identify the ability of BPAC to remove various dissolved refractory organic matter in secondary sewage effluents such as peptone, beef extract, lauryl sulfate, humic acid, tannin, lignin and gum arabic. Adsorption test by fresh powdered activated carbon (PAC) showed significantly different adsorption characteristics for each organic substance. These adsorption characteristics were identified by the analysis of gel permeable chromatography (GPC). The sorptive capacity of BPAC was almost four times higher than that of fresh PAC. This phenomenon could be explained from the sorption capacity of PAC and BPAC for each substance. For the hardly adsorbable refractory organics, humic acid and gum arabic, the sorption capacity of bPAC was 12.1 and 8.7 mg/g respectively. These values are significantly high compared with 3.6 and 0.2 mg/g obtained by PAC. It was estimated that the enhanced sorption capacity of BPAC was due to the stimulation of activated carbon adsorption by biological effect.
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Kawashima, Junji, Eiichi Araki, Mitsuhide Naruse, et al. "Baseline Plasma Aldosterone Level and Renin Activity Allowing Omission of Confirmatory Testing in Primary Aldosteronism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 5 (2020): e1990-e1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa117.
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Abstract Context Previous studies have proposed cutoff value of baseline plasma aldosterone concentration (bPAC) under renin suppression that could diagnose primary aldosteronism (PA) without confirmatory testing. However, those studies are limited by selection bias due to a small number of patients and a single-center study design. Objective This study aimed to determine cutoff value of bPAC and baseline plasma renin activity (bPRA) for predicting positive results in confirmatory tests for PA. Design The multi-institutional, retrospective, cohort study was conducted using the PA registry in Japan (JPAS/JRAS). We compared bPAC in patients with PA who showed positive and negative captopril challenge test (CCT) or saline infusion test (SIT) results. Patients Patients with PA who underwent CCT (n = 2256) and/or SIT (n = 1184) were studied. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were cutoff value of bPAC (ng/dL) and bPRA (ng/mL/h) for predicting positive CCT and/or SIT results. Results In patients with renin suppression (bPRA ≤ 0.3), the cutoff value of bPAC that would give 100% specificity for predicting a positive SIT result was lower than that for predicting a positive CCT result (30.85 vs 56.35, respectively). Specificities of bPAC cutoff values ≥ 30.85 for predicting positive SIT and CCT results remained high (100.0% and 97.0%, respectively) in patients with bPRA ≤ 0.6. However, the specificities of bPAC cutoff values ≥ 30.85 for predicting positive SIT and CCT results decreased when patients with bPRA &gt; 0.6 were included. Conclusion Confirmatory testing could be omitted in patients with bPAC ≥ 30.85 in the presence of bPRA ≤ 0.6.
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Patil, Avinash A., Raghavendraswamy Koppad, Kanchana Nagendra, and Chandrashekar SV. "Level of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant Women Residing In Urban Slums of Shivamogga City, India." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 3 (2022): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.1332022390.
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Background: Safe motherhood is about informing and educating woman about danger signs in pregnancy, how to identify and seek advice from health personnel and prepare for safe confinement. In public health system, in India it is the responsibility of ASHA to motivate the pregnant woman in her area for safe institutional delivery. BPACR is a tool which assesses, how well the pregnant women are prepared for the challenges in pregnancy.
 Aim& Objective: To ascertain the level of awareness of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness (BPACR) among antenatal mothers residing in urban slums .
 Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women residing in urban slums of Shivamogga, Karnataka. Data was collected using pre-designed questionnaire, “Monitoring BP/CR‑tools and indicators for maternal and new born health” of the “JHPIEGO”. Data was analysed and results were tabulated.
 Results: In this study, only 42% of pregnant women knew about the term ‘Birth preparedness’ while the rest 58% pregnant women did not know it. Education status and complication experienced during present or previous pregnancy were found to have significant association with BPACR. Identification of blood donor and skilled birth provider were less among study group.
 Conclusions: Awareness of danger signs and complication readiness was found to be good in our study.
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Leung, Yuk Man, Chiu Yin Kwan, and Edwin E. Daniel. "Block of inwardly rectifying K+ currents by extracellular Mg2+ and Ba2+ in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 78, no. 9 (2000): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-047.
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Using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we investigated the blocking effects of extracellular Ba2+ and Mg2+ on the inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) currents of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC). The BPAEC KIR channel has recently been identified as Kir2.1 of the Kir2.0 subfamily. Block of KIR currents by Mg2+ (3-30 mM) was instantaneous, and increased with hyperpolarization slightly (Kd at -160 and 0 mV was 9.5 and 23.2 mM, respectively). The apparent fractional electrical distance (δ) of the Mg2+ binding site is calculated to be 0.07 from the outer mouth of the channel pore. Ba2+ (0.3-10 µM) time-dependently blocked the KIR currents with a much higher potency and stronger voltage-dependence (Kd at -160 and 0 mV was 1.0 and 41.6 µM, respectively). The Ba2+ binding site had a δ value of 0.34. Our data suggest that Mg2+ binds to a very superficial site of the KIR channel, while Ba2+ binds to a much deeper site, sensing much more of the membrane electric field. Thus, the BPAEC Kir2.1 appears to be pharmacologically different from the Kir2.1 reported before in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), which has 2 sites for Mg2+ block (a deep site in addition to a shallow one), and a superficial and low-sensitivity site for Ba2+ block.Key words: inwardly rectifying K+ channel, patch clamp, Ba2+, Mg2+, endothelial cells.
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Chuang, Yu-Fan, Jyun-siang Peng, Fuqian Yang, Donyau Chiang, and Sanboh Lee. "Field-induced formation and growth of pillars on films of bisphenol-A-polycarbonate." RSC Advances 7, no. 15 (2017): 9015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27783g.
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