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Journal articles on the topic 'Brachialgie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Konder, H., and F. Moysich. "Struma als Ursache einer Brachialgie." AINS - Anästhesiologie · Intensivmedizin · Notfallmedizin · Schmerztherapie 28, no. 08 (December 1993): 534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998979.

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2

Freund, Wolfgang. "Ein Fall mit ulnar betonter Brachialgie." NeuroTransmitter 30, no. 5 (May 2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15016-019-6749-x.

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3

Grafenauer, Paula. "Brachialgie und Parästhesien der oberen Extremität." psychopraxis. neuropraxis 21, no. 3 (April 5, 2018): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00739-018-0465-3.

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4

Schmid, Patrik, Nicole Badur, Sebastian Kluge, and Esther Vögelin. "Diagnostik des Karpaltunnelsyndroms: Wert der Sonografie im Vergleich zur elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung." Praxis 107, no. 6 (March 2018): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003169.

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Zusammenfassung. Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom (KTS) ist das häufigste Kompressionssyndrom der peripheren Nerven. Zur Diagnostik gehören die Anamnese mit den in der 6-Punkte-Karpaltunnelsyndrom-Symptomskala enthaltenen Kriterien nächtliche Brachialgie, Brachialgie tagsüber, nächtliche Akroparästhesie und Akroparästhesie tagsüber sowie eine spezifische klinische Untersuchung. Die weiteren diagnostischen Schritte schliessen eine Abklärung mittels Elektroneuromyografie ein. Eine hochauflösende Ultraschalluntersuchung zur Einschätzung der Morphologie des N. medianus hat zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Diagnosestellung des KTS gewonnen, während die Elektroneuromyografie eine funktionelle Beurteilung erlaubt. Der Kardinalbefund in der Nervensonografie (NUS) ist die relative oder absolute Vergrösserung des Nervenquerschnitts proximal des Randes des Retinaculum flexorum. Obwohl zunehmend Studien befürworten, NUS als Erstuntersuchung in der Diagnostik des KTS einzusetzen, herrscht kein Konsens über optimale sonografische Kriterien in der Definition eines komprimierten N. medianus. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Einsatz von Ultraschall und Elektrophysiologie in der Diagnosestellung des KTS am eigenen Patientengut und im Vergleich zur Literatur vorzustellen.

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5

Landmann, Jaan-Peer. "Mit und ohne Knack: Diagnostik und Behandlung der Zerviko-Brachialgie." Deutsche Heilpraktiker-Zeitschrift 7, no. 06 (January 9, 2013): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1333099.

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6

Sturzenegger. "Kompressionssyndrome der Armnerven." Praxis 94, no. 30 (July 1, 2005): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0369-8394.94.30.1161.

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Kompressionsbedingte Schädigungen peripherer Nerven können Ursache hartnäckiger, meist belastungsabhängig verstärkter Schmerzsyndrome sein. Im Falle einer Brachialgie müssen Kompressionsneuropathien stets in die Differentialdiagnose einbezogen werden, ob im Schulterbereich (z.B. Suprascapularis-Syndrom) in der Ellenbeuge (z.B. Supinatorlogen-Syndrom) oder im Handbereich (Karpaltunnel-Syndrom, distales Ulnaristunnel-Syndrom). Kenntnis der Neuroanatomie, detaillierte Anamnese zu Schmerz und Provokationsmomenten und eine gezielte Untersuchungstechnik mit Einbezug von Provokationsmanövern erlauben meistens die exakte Diagnose. Der gezielte Einsatz von Elektroneurographie und Nadelmyographie erlauben die Bestätigung der fokalen Nervenschädigung, deren genaue Lokalisation und Gradierung, und geben auch eine prognostische Einschätzung sowie Aussagen zur Indikationsstellung eines chirurgischen Therapieprozederes.

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7

Pellicanò, G., N. Centi, L. Capaccioli, E. Brizzi, E. Sgambati, I. Del Seppia, and N. Villari. "La RM nell'anatomia del plesso brachiale." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, no. 2 (April 2002): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500205.

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Nello studio dell'anatomia del plesso brachiale la RM è l'esame di scelta in rapporto alle principali caratteristiche della metodica: possibilità di eseguire le scansioni su tutti i piani dello spazio, elevato contrasto intrinseco e grazie al costante miglioramento della tecnologia, strati sottili con elevata risoluzione spaziale. La sequenza SE T1 dipendente sul piano sagittale è sicuramente quella con il più alto contenuto informativo: le varie diramazioni sono infatti riconoscibili come strutture ad intensità di segnale intermedia tra l'arteria e la vena succlavia con cui mantengono un rapporto anatomico costante e l'elevatà intensità di segnale del tessuto adiposo circostante. Il piano coronale obliquato secondo l'orientamento delle radici nervose fornisce informazioni sul primo tratto del decorso del plesso a partire dalla fuoriuscita delle radici che costituiscono il plesso dai forami di coniugazione. L'uso di bobine di superficie phased array ha permesso di ottenere una buona risoluzione spaziale associata ad un elevato rapporto segnale-rumore. In particolare la bobina tipo sinergy spine ha consentito anche un buon comfort per il paziente anche nel caso di studio di entrambi i plessi brachiali. È da ritenere che la possibilità in un futuro immediato, di impiegare in RM, multiple bobine di superficie dedicate al plesso brachiale, incrementerà ulteriormente le conoscenze anatomiche del plesso base indispensabile, anche in questo campo, per un corretto approccio allo studio della patologia della regione del plesso brachiale.

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8

HEDENIUS, ISRAEL. "Zur Kenntnis der Brachialgien." Acta Medica Scandinavica 59, no. 1 (April 24, 2009): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1923.tb19642.x.

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9

Balomenou, S., E. Roulet-Perez, B. Vaudaux, and S. Lebon. "Brachialgies chez un adolescent." Archives de Pédiatrie 19, no. 10 (October 2012): 1093–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2012.07.026.

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10

Tourabi, A. C., A. Miquel, M. Kara, C. Phan, L. Arrivé, and Y. Menu. "Snapping brachialis." Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 94, no. 4 (April 2013): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2013.01.027.

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11

Funk, W., M. Angerer, K. Sauer, and J. Altmeppen. "Plexus brachialis." Der Anaesthesist 49, no. 7 (July 25, 2000): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010070079.

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12

Schulz-St�bner, S. "Plexus brachialis." Der Anaesthesist 52, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00101-003-0532-9.

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13

Neuburger, M., D. Lang, J. B�ttner, G. Meier, and H. Kaiser. "Plexus brachialis." Der Anaesthesist 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00101-003-0616-6.

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14

Ozkan, T., A. Bicer, H. U. Aydin, S. Tuncer, A. Aydin, and Z. Y. Hosbay. "Brachialis muscle transfer to the forearm for the treatment of deformities in spastic cerebral palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 38, no. 1 (April 23, 2012): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193412444400.

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The use of the brachialis muscle for tendon transfers in cerebral palsy has not been described previously. In this study, the brachialis muscle was used for transfer in 11 patients with spastic cerebral palsy for the restoration of forearm supination, wrist extension, or finger extension. Four patients underwent brachialis rerouting supinatorplasty. Active supination increased in two (60° and 50°), minimally increased in one (5°), and did not change in one patient. Five patients had a brachialis to extensor carpi radialis brevis transfer. The mean gain in postoperative active wrist extension was 65°. Two patients with finger flexion deformity and no active metacarpophalangeal joint movement underwent a brachialis to extensor digitorum communis transfer, and they attained an improved posture of finger extension although their postoperative metacarpophalangeal flexion–extension movement arc was 5° and 25°. None of the patients developed any loss of active flexion at the elbow. Our preliminary experience suggests that the brachialis muscle may serve as an alternative tendon transfer in cerebral palsy.

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15

KINOSHITA, Noriho, Harumi KAMAMUTA, Tatsuya KOBAYASHI, and Haruto KINOSHITA. "Clinical Observations on Cervical Brachialgia." Zen Nihon Shinkyu Gakkai zasshi (Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 41, no. 3 (1991): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3777/jjsam.41.339.

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16

BERGSMAN, A., G. REIS, and F. SAHLGREN. "On the Prognosis of Brachialgia." Acta Medica Scandinavica 151, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1955.tb10307.x.

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17

Vekšins, Armands, and Oskars Kozinda. "Assessment of Maximum Cross-Sectional Area and Volume of the Canine Biceps Brachii – Brachialis Muscles." Rural Sustainability Research 40, no. 335 (December 1, 2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2018-0008.

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Abstract The biceps brachii - brachialis muscles has attachment on the medial coronoid process (MCP) and proximal radius. It is considered that medial coronoid disease (MCD) can be caused by biceps brachii – brachialis muscle generated force to MCP. Computed tomography data from 31 dogs were analysed. The aim of this study was to compare biceps brachii – brachialis muscle volume and maximum cross-sectional area (mCSA) between clinically normal dogs to dogs with a MCD. Results showed that in dogs with MCD, biceps brachii - brachialis muscle volume and mCSA is smaller than in clinically normal dogs and therefore the generated muscle force cannot be considered as the main or accompanying cause of a MCD.

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18

Leonello, Domenic T., Ian J. Galley, Gregory I. Bain, and Christopher D. Carter. "Brachialis Muscle Anatomy." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 89, no. 6 (June 2007): 1293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200706000-00018.

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19

Leonello, Domenic T., Ian J. Galley, Gregory I. Bain, and Christopher D. Carter. "Brachialis Muscle Anatomy." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 89, no. 6 (June 2007): 1293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.f.00343.

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20

Kjelstrup, Trygve. "Plexus brachialis-nerveblokade." Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 137, no. 9 (2017): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.17.0064.

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21

Claus, D. "Plexus-brachialis-Läsionen." Der Nervenarzt 77, no. 8 (August 2006): 993–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00115-006-2133-8.

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22

Kamineni, Srinath, Abdo Bachoura, William Behrens, Ellora Kamineni, and Andrew Deane. "Distal Insertional Footprint of the Brachialis Muscle: 3D Morphometric Study." Anatomy Research International 2015 (November 10, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/786508.

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Objective. The purpose of this study is to describe the three-dimensional morphometry of the brachialis muscle at its distal attachment to the ulna. Methods. Fifty cadaveric elbows were dissected and the brachialis distal insertion was isolated on the ulna bone and probed with a three-dimensional digitizer, to create a three-dimensional model of the footprint. Measurements and analysis of each footprint shape were recorded and compared based on gender and size. Results. There was significant gender difference in the surface length (P= 0.002) and projected length (P= 0.001) of the brachialis footprint. The shapes of the footprint also differed among the specimens. Conclusion. The shape of the brachialis muscle insertion differed among all the specimens without significant variation in gender or sides. There was also a significant difference in muscle length between males and females with little difference in the width and surface area. Significance. The information obtained from this study is important for kinematic understanding and surgical procedures around the elbow joint as well as the understanding of the natural age related anatomy of the brachialis footprint morphology.

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23

Davies, Benjamin M., Daniel du Plessis, and Kanna K. Gnanalingham. "Myofibroma of the cervical spine presenting as brachialgia." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 21, no. 6 (December 2014): 916–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.8.spine131194.

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Myofibromas are rare, benign tumors of myofibroblasts. Their occurrence in adults, involving bone outside of the head and neck, is especially uncommon. The authors report the case of a 34-year-old woman who presented with left-sided brachialgia. Magnetic resonance imaging identified an expansile soft-tissue lesion of the C6–7 facet joint. En bloc resection via a left posterior midline approach was undertaken. Histopathological analysis confirmed the lesion to be a myofibroma. Brachialgia resolved following surgery and there is no evidence of recurrence at 20 months follow-up. Myofibroma is a rare cause of primary soft-tissue tumor of the spine. Surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment.

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24

Rosomoff, Hubert L., David Fishbain, and Renee S. Rosomoff. "Chronic Cervical Pain: Radiculopathy or Brachialgia." Spine 17, Supplement (October 1992): S362—S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199210001-00004.

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25

Grobe, Th. "Brachialgien infolge von Engpaßsyndromen peripherer Nerven." DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 106, no. 13 (March 26, 2008): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1070326.

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26

Chang, Angela Christine, Ngoc Buu Ha, Christopher Sagar, Gregory Ian Bain, and Domenic Thomas Leonello. "The modified anterolateral approach to the humerus." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 27, no. 3 (August 18, 2019): 230949901986595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499019865954.

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Introduction: The anterior and anterolateral approaches to the humerus describe splitting brachialis longitudinally, assuming its fibres run parallel to the shaft. Recent improvements in the understanding of brachialis anatomy however have demonstrated it has two distinct heads, with the bulk of its fibres running oblique relative to the humerus. Attempting to split brachialis longitudinally to the extent required for plate osteosynthesis invariably leads to transection of a significant number of muscle fibres. The authors present a less muscle destructive modification to the anterolateral approach (ALA) based on a bicipital brachialis muscle. Method: In order to preserve brachialis muscle fibres, the modified ALA elevates the superficial head from the underlying humerus and longitudinally splits the deep head to allow a fixation device to be tunnelled. Case notes of patients with a humeral shaft fracture fixed via the modified ALA were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Ninteen humeral shaft fractures were fixed via the modified ALA. No post-operative nerve palsies were reported. Of the 19 patients, 14 (73.7%) received clinical and radiological follow-up. All reported being satisfied with their outcome. One developed a superficial wound infection and one (previous diagnosis of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda) developed a non-union requiring revision surgery. Of the five patients lost to follow-up, two died, and three reported no ongoing orthopaedic issues via telephone. Conclusions: Improved anatomical understanding of brachialis has resulted in the described modification to the ALA which is less muscle destructive and follows a truer inter-nervous plane. This small series demonstrates satisfactory outcomes using this approach.

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27

Nelluri, Venumadhav, Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy, Satheesha Badagabettu Nayak, Naveen Kumar, and Jyothsna Patil. "Bulky accessory brachialis muscle with abnormal aponeurosis: A case report." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 25, no. 4 (July 31, 2016): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105816641698.

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The brachialis muscle is one of the chief flexors of the upper arm, and its variation can affect the movements of the elbow joint. This case report presents a rare case of a large accessory brachialis muscle in the right arm that comes with an abnormal aponeurosis. The aponeurosis from the distal part of the aberrant muscle arches over the radial artery and is attached to the deep fascia of the right forearm. While rare, the presence of an accessory brachialis muscle coupled with the unusual aponeurosis can lead to compression of the radial artery, causing radial artery entrapment syndrome and creating potential difficulties in the catheterisation of the radial artery.

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28

Tung, Thomas H., Christine B. Novak, and Susan E. Mackinnon. "Nerve transfers to the biceps and brachialis branches to improve elbow flexion strength after brachial plexus injuries." Journal of Neurosurgery 98, no. 2 (February 2003): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.2.0313.

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Object. In this study the authors evaluated the outcome in patients with brachial plexus injuries who underwent nerve transfers to the biceps and the brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve. Methods. The charts of eight patients who underwent an ulnar nerve fascicle transfer to the biceps branch of the musculocutaneous nerve and a separate transfer to the brachialis branch were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome was assessed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) grade to classify elbow flexion strength in conjunction with electromyography (EMG). The mean patient age was 26.4 years (range 16–45 years) and the mean time from injury to surgery was 3.8 months (range 2.5–7.5 months). Recovery of elbow flexion was MRC Grade 4 in five patients, and Grade 4+ in three. Reinnervation of both the biceps and brachialis muscles was confirmed on EMG studies. Ulnar nerve function was not downgraded in any patient. Conclusions. The use of nerve transfers to reinnervate the biceps and brachialis muscle provides excellent elbow flexion strength in patients with brachial plexus nerve injuries.

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29

Hu, Shao-nan, Wen-jun Zhou, Huan Wang, Liang Chen, Yi Zhu, Yu-Dong Gu, and Jian-Guang Xu. "ORIGINATION OF THE BRACHIALIS BRANCH OF THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE." Neurosurgery 62, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000318176.13214.70.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To test an innovative method to study the origin of a specific nerve or of the nerve fibers innervating a given muscle on the healthy upper limb of a human being and to find the rationale for the brachialis branch of musculocutaneous nerve transfer. METHODS An intraoperative electrophysiological study was conducted comprising 27 cases of contralateral C7 transfer. The goal of the study was to record compound muscle action potential of the brachialis muscle while various nerve roots of the brachial plexus were stimulated. RESULTS Analysis of compound muscle action potential suggested that the brachialis branch of the musculocutaneous nerve is composed of fibers from the C5, C6, and C7 nerve roots and that the C5 and C6 nerve roots are the major origin for the brachialis branch of musculocutaneous nerve fibers. CONCLUSION The technique proposed here was a more direct and functional method of tracing the origin of a specific nerve or of the nerve fibers innervating a given muscle on the healthy upper limb of a live patient.

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30

Tung, Thomas H., Christine B. Novak, and Susan E. Mackinnon. "Nerve transfers to the biceps and brachialis branches to improve elbow flexion strength after brachial plexus injuries." Neurosurgical Focus 16, no. 5 (May 2004): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.5.19.

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Object In this study the authors evaluated the outcome in patients with brachial plexus injuries who underwent nerve transfers to the biceps and the brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve. Methods The charts of eight patients who underwent an ulnar nerve fascicle transfer to the biceps branch of the musculocutaneous nerve and a separate transfer to the brachialis branch were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome was assessed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) grade to classify elbow flexion strength in conjunction with electromyography (EMG). The mean patient age was 26.4 years (range 16–45 years) and the mean time from injury to surgery was 3.8 months (range 2.5–7.5 months). Recovery of elbow flexion was MRC Grade 4 in five patients, and Grade 4+in three. Reinnervation of both the biceps and brachialis muscles was confirmed on EMG studies. Ulnar nerve function was not downgraded in any patient. Conclusions The use of nerve transfers to reinnervate the biceps and brachialis muscle provides excellent elbow flexion strength in patients with brachial plexus nerve injuries.

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31

Hempel, V. "Anästhesie des Plexus brachialis." Der Anaesthesist 48, no. 5 (May 1999): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010050712.

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32

Grishina, D. A., N. A. Suponeva, N. V. Belova, and D. A. Grozova. "Brachialgia: possible causes of pain (literature review)." Neuromuscular Diseases 9, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/2222-8721-2019-9-3-12-21.

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33

Geiselman, James, Rachel Gillespie, and Andrew Miller. "Brachialis Strain in a Collegiate Wrestler: A Case Report." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 25, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2019-0055.

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A 22-year-old male varsity collegiate wrestler presented for general chiropractic care for an unrelated condition and noted right elbow pain that had progressively increased over the past few weeks. The athlete was diagnosed with a right brachialis strain and advised to follow up with his athletic trainer for co-management of his injury. The patient responded positively to prescribed treatments and rehabilitation to decrease pain and restore functionality (<14 days) while only missing one competitive match. The location of the brachialis muscle and scarcity of literature makes diagnosis and treatment complex. The physical examination and conservative treatment presented in this report demonstrate the need for comprehensive and exploratory examination and co-management of wrestling athletes with a brachialis strain.

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34

Young, B., B. Beale, M. Kowaleski, R. Vannini, and D. Hulse. "Relationship of the biceps-brachialis complex to the medial coronoid process of the canine ulna." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 23, no. 03 (2010): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-09-06-0063.

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Summary Objective: To describe the anatomic relationship of the biceps brachii-brachialis muscle complex and the medial compartment of the canine elbow. Study design: Anatomical cadaveric study. Methods: Cadaveric forelimbs, and radius and ulna bones were examined to study the anatomy of the biceps brachii-brachialis complex and its relationship to the medial compartment of the elbow. Results: The biceps brachii and brachialis muscles comprise a large muscular complex. The biceps brachii is a pennate fibred muscle which plays a major role in stabilising the elbow joint during the stance phase and facilitating limb acceleration during the swing phase. Additionally, the insertion of the muscular complex onto the ulnar tuberosity is such that a moment is generated which the authors hypothesise rotates the medial coronoid process against the radial head. The result is a compressive force which generates internal shear stress oblique to the long axis of the medial coronoid process. The authors further hypothesise that this may result in the micro-damage or fragmentation of the medial coronoid process. Conclusion: The authors' conclude that contraction of the biceps brachii and brachialis complex may explain an aetiopathogenesis for fragmented medial coronoid process not associated with elbow dysplasia.

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35

Friedman, Allan H., James A. Nunley, Richard D. Goldner, W. Jerry Oakes, J. Leonard Goldner, and James R. Urbaniak. "Nerve transposition for the restoration of elbow flexion following brachial plexus avulsion injuries." Journal of Neurosurgery 72, no. 1 (January 1990): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.72.1.0059.

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✓ Despite technical advances, the ability to restore motor function following a brachial plexus avulsion is limited. Twenty patients who suffered the loss of elbow flexion following a brachial plexus avulsion injury underwent a neurotization procedure in an attempt to restore that lost function. Of 16 patients who underwent intercostal to musculocutaneous nerve anastomosis, seven obtained good elbow flexion. Four patients who no longer had a viable biceps brachialis muscle underwent an anastomosis between transposed intercostal nerves and a free vascularized gracilis muscle grafted to the position of the biceps. Two of these patients obtained good elbow flexion. Although synkinesis between the biceps brachialis and the inspiratory muscles can be demonstrated during coughing and deep inspiration, the patients learn to flex their reinnervated biceps brachialis muscle and maintain flexion independent of respiration.

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36

Walusinski, O., E. Quoirin, and J. P. Neau. "La parakinésie brachiale oscitante." Revue Neurologique 161, no. 2 (February 2005): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3787(05)85022-2.

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37

Kljajić, Dragana, Sanja Trgovčević, and Marija Stanković. "Birth lesions of plexus brachialis: Secondary motor deficit." Zdravstvena zastita 40, no. 6 (2011): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1106069k.

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38

DELLAPÉ, PABLO MATÍAS. "Paisana: A new genus of Neotropical Rhyparochromidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea) to accommodate Neopamera brachialis (Stål) and four new species." Zootaxa 1958, no. 1 (December 8, 2008): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1958.1.2.

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A new genus Paisana is erected to accommodate Neopamera brachialis (Stål), and four new Neotropical species: Paisana pampeana from Argentina, Paisana lydiae from Brazil, Paisana maculata from Argentina and Brazil, and Paisana saopaulensis from Brazil. P. brachialis (n. comb.) known only from Brazil is redescribed and recorded for the first time from Argentina. Phylogenetic affinities of this new genus are discussed. Dorsal photographs of the species, illustrations of male genitalia, and a key to the species are provided.

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39

Winblad, James Bret, Eva Escobedo, and John C. Hunter. "Brachialis Muscle Rupture and Hematoma." Radiology Case Reports 3, no. 4 (2008): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2484/rcr.v3i4.251.

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40

Van den Berghe, Greg R., James F. Queenan, and Duane A. Murphy. "Isolated Rupture of the Brachialis." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 83, no. 7 (July 2001): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200107000-00015.

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41

Claus, D. "Plexus brachialis, Untersuchung von Läsionen." Das Neurophysiologie-Labor 35, no. 4 (December 2013): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulab.2013.09.001.

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42

Büttner, Johannes, and Gisela Meier. "Regionalanästhesie - Zugangswege zum Plexus brachialis." ains · Anästhesiologie · Intensivmedizin · Notfallmedizin · Schmerztherapie 41, no. 07/08 (July 2006): 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-949511.

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43

Claus, D. "Plexus brachialis, klinisch-neurophysiologische Untersuchung." Klinische Neurophysiologie 36, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-834668.

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44

George, Jacob. "Heterotopic Ossification of Brachialis Muscle." Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.104.

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A 13-year-old girl with seizure disorder presented with 90º fixed flexion deformity of right elbow. She had history of encephalitis, 2 years ago, from which she recovered completely except for the deformity of the elbow. Plain X-ray revealed extensive ossification of the brachialis muscle from its origin at the lower anterior aspect of the humerus to its insertion at the coronoid process of the ulna. The alkaline phosphatase value was 500 IU. The middle segment of the ossified mass was surgically excised. The mobility of the elbow was restored and she achieved a range of movement between 45–120º.

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45

Schnick, U., F. Dähne, A. Tittel, K. Vogel, A. Vogel, A. Eisenschenk, A. Ekkernkamp, and R. Böttcher. "Traumatische Läsionen des Plexus brachialis." Der Unfallchirurg 121, no. 6 (May 7, 2018): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00113-018-0506-7.

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46

Bahm, J., M. Becker, and N. Pallua. "Geburtstraumatische Läsion des Plexus brachialis." Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 148, no. 4 (April 14, 2000): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050569.

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47

Hierner, R., and A. Berger. "Posttraumatische Läsionen des Plexus Brachialis." Obere Extremität 2, no. 1 (March 2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11678-007-0024-7.

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48

Neuburger, M., H. Kaiser, I. Rembold-Schuster, and H. Landes. "Vertikale infraklavikuläre Plexus-brachialis-Blockade." Der Anaesthesist 47, no. 7 (July 29, 1998): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010050601.

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49

Lazorthes, Y., J. Casaux, and F. Caraoue. "Epidural cervical root stimulation for chronic brachialgia treatment." Pain 41 (January 1990): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(90)92245-l.

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50

Bertelli, J. A., F. Soldado, M. F. Ghizoni, and A. Rodríguez-Baeza. "Transfer of the musculocutaneous nerve branch to the brachialis muscle to the triceps for elbow extension: anatomical study and report of five cases." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 42, no. 7 (February 1, 2017): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193417694585.

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We report the study of the anatomical feasibility of transferring the nerve to the brachialis muscle to the upper medial head motor branch that innervate the triceps, and outcomes of such transfers in restoring elbow extension in five patients with posterior cord lesion of the brachial plexus. The length of the branches to the brachialis muscle measured 7.6 cm and the triceps upper medial head motor branch was 5 cm in 10 adult cadavers. Five male patients were treated with this transfer 5 months after the injury (range 4 to 6 months) after posterior cord injury of the brachial plexus with a mean follow-up of 31 months (range 28 to 36 months). Elbow extension scored M4 in all cases. No complications occurred. These preliminary results suggest that transferring the nerve to the brachialis muscle is an effective technique for the reconstruction of elbow extension after posterior cord brachial plexus injuries. Level of evidence: IV

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