Academic literature on the topic 'Brachyterapia'

Wprowadzenie: W leczeniu rak jelita grubego (RJG), mimo zdiagnozowania stadium IV ( przerzuty nowotworu np. do wątroby) podejmuje się próby leczenia radykalnego, co może dawać długoletnie przeżycia , a nawet wyleczenia. W ostatnich latach rozróżniono w stopniu IV choroby nowotworowej chorobę oligometastatyczną (OLM). Choroba OLM oznacza etap w przebiegu choroby nowotworowej , kiedy liczba i objętość ognisk przerzutowych jest policzalna.Metoda: Przeanalizowano obecny stan w wiedzy w oparciu o dostępne publikacje i doniesienia z onkologicznych konferencji międzynarodowych , dotyczących leczenia zmian przerzutowych raka jelita grubego (RJG) w wątrobie. Przedstawiono techniki przezskórnej brachyterapii HDR zmian w wątrobie i przedstawiono jej zastosowanie.Wyniki: RJG daje przerzuty do wątroby w ok. 50 % przypadków. W opublikowanych badaniach wykazano, że połączenie leczenia miejscowego z leczeniem systemowym daje lepsze wyniki leczenia oraz wydłuża przeżycie u chorych z nieresekcyjnymi przerzutami do wątroby w porównaniu do samodzielnego leczenia systemowego . Przezskórna brachyterapia zmian w wątrobie to bezpieczna i skuteczną metodą leczenia, której zastosowanie ciągle wzrasta. Ma szczególne zastosowanie w guzach wątroby , które są nieoperacyjne i nie mogą być poddane leczeniu termicznym lub teleradioterapii. W odróżnieniu od technik termicznych brachyterapia cechuje się wysoką kontrolą miejscową zmian nawet > 5 cm, w guzach położonych blisko narządów krytycznych i dużych naczyń. Jest to metoda, która uzupełnia możliwości leczenia zmian w wątrobie RJG.Wnioski: Brachyterapia choroby oligometastatycznej RJG w odróżnieniu od technik termicznych cechuje się wysoką precyzją leczenia z niską toksycznością w narządach krytycznych. Jednakże to postępowanie nie jest odpowiednie dla chorych z mnogimi przerzutami.

Wiosną 2016 roku w Turynie we Włoszech odbyła się kolejna, 35 konferencja naukowa Europejskiego Towarzystwa Radioterapii Onkologicznej (ESTRO). W jej trakcie prezentowany był panel grupy GEC-ESTRO zajmującej się brachyterapią – metodą radioterapii polegającą na bezpośrednim wprowadzeniu izotopu promieniotwórczego w guza lub jego lożę. Artykuł ten ma na celu prezentację doniesień dotyczących brachyterapii mięsaków tkanek miękkich wieku dziecięcego – leczenia, które niesie ze sobą wiele potencjalnych korzyści dla pacjentów pediatrycznych, a nie jest niestety dostępne w Polsce.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. One type of treatment is internal radiation therapy, brachytherapy. This treatment requires the patient to lie completely motionless and in lithotomy position. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pressure ulcers associated with brachytherapy in prostate cancer at the UniversityHospitalin Uppsala. Furthermore, the purpose was to identify the most common location of pressure ulcer and to examine whether there were any connection between risk factors and possible pressure ulcers. Thirty patients participated in the study. The data collection was carried out partly by the nurse anesthetist and partly by the nurse in the oncology ward in fall 2009 to spring 2010. The study showed that seven of thirty patients (23.3%) developed pressure ulcers after brachytherapy. All of these were stage 1 according to EPUAP's pressure ulcer scale. Only one of the patients (3.3%) had remaining pressure ulcer the day after treatment. The most common location were lower legs/calves (16.7%). No statistically significant relationship was found between risk factors and the development of pressure ulcers. The results of this study showed a relatively high incidence of pressure ulcers (23.3%). All of stage 1 and only one of the pressure ulcers were remaining the day after brachytherapy. This indicates a good pressure-relieving measures and equipment, and that the patients in this study have a relatively good general          condition.Keywords: brachytherapy, pressure ulcers, lithotomy position, risk factors
Prostatacancer är den vanligast förekommande cancersjukdomen hos män. En av behandlingsformerna är intern strålbehandling, brachyterapi. Denna behandling kräver att patienten ligger helt stilla och i gynekologiskt läge. Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av trycksår i samband med brachyterapi vid prostatacancer på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Vidare var syftet med studien att kartlägga de vanligaste lokalisationerna samt att undersöka om de fanns några samband mellan riskfaktorer och eventuella trycksår. Trettio patienter deltog i studien. Datainsamlingen utfördes dels av anestesisjuksköterskan och dels av patientansvarig sjuksköterska på onkologavdelningen under hösten 2009 till våren 2010. Resultatet av studien visade att sju av trettio patienter (23,3 %) utvecklade trycksår efter behandlingen. Alla dessa var av grad 1 enligt EPUAP:s trycksårsskala. Endast en av patienterna (3,3 %) hade kvar trycksåret dagen efter behandlingen. Den vanligaste lokalisationen för trycksår var underben/vader (16,7 %). Inga statistiskt säkra samband kunde ses mellan riskfaktorerna och utvecklandet av trycksår. Studien visade en relativt hög frekvens av trycksår (23,3 %). Dock var samtliga av grad 1 och endast ett trycksår var kvarstående till dagen efter brachybehandlingen. Detta tyder på bra tryckavlastande åtgärder och utrustning samt att patienterna i den aktuella undersökningsgruppen har relativt gott allmäntillstånd.   Nyckelord: brachyterapi, trycksår, gynekologiskt läge, riskfaktorer

No tratamento do câncer de próstata, há um crescente interesse na técnica do implante permanente de sementes, na qual as sementes radioativas são inseridas na próstata do paciente permitindo a entrega de doses elevadas e preservação dos órgãos de risco vizinhos. Estas sementes são normalmente feitas utilizando-se um de três radioisótopos: 125I, 103Pd e 131Cs. Devido à disponibilidade e por razões clínicas, as mais utilizadas são as sementes de iodo e, nos últimos anos, sementes com geometria interna e materiais diferentes estão sendo estudadas, a fim de melhorar suas características dosimétricas. Atualmente, no Brasil, implantes permanentes com sementes de 125I são realizados por algumas instituições médicas, principalmente por instituições privadas. As sementes são importadas com preços elevados, o que dificulta seu uso em hospitais públicos. Portanto, a fim de reduzir o custo financeiro dessa modalidade de tratamento e para melhorar as características dosimétricas das sementes existentes, é de grande importância ter uma tecnologia nacional. Uma matriz cerâmica que pode ser usada como portadora dos radioisótopos e marcadora radiográfica foi desenvolvida no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN). Essa matriz cerâmica se distingue por sua capacidade de ter o material radioativo uniformemente distribuído, além de ser capaz de incorporar outros radioisótopos além do 125I. Neste trabalho foram calculadas as distribuições de dose de modelos de semente de 125I com matriz cerâmica e diferentes encapsulamentos (modelos em desenvolvimento no CDTN). As distribuições de dose foram calculadas conforme o protocolo TG-43U1 da Associação Americana de Físicos Médicos. As características dosimétricas dos modelos de semente do CDTN, demonstradas neste estudo, indicam que seu uso é viável. Elas possuem como principal característica uma maior e mais isotrópica deposição de dose próximo às extremidades da fonte. Suas características sugerem que um número menor de sementes seria necessário para alcançar um determinado valor de dose no volume a ser tratado ou então que iodo de menor atividade radioativa possa ser utilizado. Em ambos os casos, o custo do tratamento poderia ser reduzido.
In the prostate cancer treatment, there is an increasing interest in the permanent radioactive seeds implant technique, where radioactive seeds are inserted into the patients prostate, allowing the delivery of high doses and preserving nearby organs at risk. These seeds are usually made using 1 of 3 radioisotopes: 125I, 103Pd and 131Cs. Due to availability and clinical reasons, the most used are the iodine seeds and, in recent years, seeds with different internal geometry and materials are being studied, in order to improve the dosimetric characteristics of the sources. Currently, in Brazil, permanent implants with 125I seeds are performed by a few medical institutions, mostly private ones. The seeds are imported with high prices, which prohibits their use in public hospitals. Therefore, in order to reduce the financial cost of this treatment modality and to improve the dosimetric characteristics of the existing seeds, it is of great importance to have a national technology. A ceramic matrix that can be used as a radioisotope carrier and radiographic marker was developed at CDTN/CNEN. The ceramic matrix is distinguished by its ability to have the radioactive material evenly distributed besides being able to incorporate radioisotopes other than 125I. In this work we calculate the dose distribution of 125I seed models with ceramic matrix and different encapsulation (CDTNs seed models under development). The dose distributions were calculated according to the TG-43U1 protocol of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. The dosimetric characteristics of the CDTNs seed models, demonstrated in this study, indicate that their use is feasible. They have as main feature a larger and more isotropic dose deposition near the ends of the source. Their characteristics suggest that a smaller number of seeds would be needed to achieve a particular dose value at the volume to be treated or that iodine with lower activity may be used. In both cases, the cost of treatment would be reduced.

2 Summary Purpose: Evaluation of the postoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR BT) in the treatment of early oral cancer and factors influencing tumour control. Material and methods: Thirty patients with T1-T3N0 tongue and floor of mouth cancer were treated with tumour excision elective neck dissection and HDR BT 18 x 3 Gy bid. The Kaplan- Meier model was used for survival analyses and the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the influence of T-stage, histological grade, resection margin, depth of invasion, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intensity on local control (LC), nodal control (NC), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Median follow up was 40 months (6 - 145). Results: Actuarial 5 year LC, NC, DFS, DFS after salvage treatment and OS were 85.4%, 69.2%, 65.4%, 75.6% and 73.0%, respectively. The log-rank test and univariate Cox regression analysis revealed the following correlations: tumour grade correlated with LC, DFS and OS; T- stage with NC and DFS; depth of invasion and VEGF intensity with NC, DFS and OS. Associations detected on the multivariate analysis were as follows: tumour grade with LC; depth of invasion with NC; depth of invasion and tumour grade with DFS; and VEGF intensity with DFS after salvage treatment. Only one case of...