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Journal articles on the topic 'Bragg's Law'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Greenberg, B. "Bragg's law with refraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 45, no. 3 (1989): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767388012243.

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2

Humphreys, C. J. "The significance of Bragg's law in electron diffraction and microscopy, and Bragg's second law." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 69, no. 1 (2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767312047587.

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3

Leonardi, Alberto. "Whole pair distribution function modeling: the bridging of Bragg and Debye scattering theories." IUCrJ 8, no. 2 (2021): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252521000324.

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Microstructure-based design of materials requires an atomic level understanding of the mechanisms underlying structure-dependent properties. Methods for analyzing either the traditional diffraction profile or the pair distribution function (PDF) differ in how the information is accessed and in the approximations usually applied. Any variation of structural and microstructural features over the whole sample affects the Bragg peaks as well as any diffuse scattering. Accuracy of characterization relies, therefore, on the reliability of the analysis methods. Methods based on Bragg's law investigat

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4

Dosch, Helmut. "The EVA diffractometer: Merging Snell's law into Bragg's law." Neutron News 6, no. 1 (1995): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10448639508217676.

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5

Ewald, P. P. "The so-called correction of Bragg's law." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 42, no. 6 (1986): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876738609894x.

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6

Kacher, Josh, Colin Landon, Brent L. Adams, and David Fullwood. "Bragg's Law diffraction simulations for electron backscatter diffraction analysis." Ultramicroscopy 109, no. 9 (2009): 1148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.04.007.

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7

Kerur, B. R., M. T. Lagare, and R. Nathuram. "Non-validity of Bragg's additivity law for rare-earth compounds." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 75, no. 1 (2006): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.02.009.

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8

Kinneging, A. J. "Demonstrating the optical principles of Bragg's law with Moire patterns." Journal of Chemical Education 70, no. 6 (1993): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed070p451.

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9

Keiderling, U., R. Gilles, and A. Wiedenmann. "Application of silver behenate powder for wavelength calibration of a SANS instrument – a comprehensive study of experimental setup variations and data processing techniques." Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, no. 3 (1999): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898018469.

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Silver behenate powder [CH3(CH2)20COOAg] is one of the very few materials featuring cold neutron Bragg reflections in the angular range of 4–26° (2θ) accessible to small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments. These reflections can be analysed with Bragg's law to determine the wavelength of the primary beam produced by the monochromator of the SANS instrument. Compared with the usual time-of-flight (TOF) method for wavelength calibration, this method does not require any additional time-resolving equipment for the instrument. An extensive study has been performed to determine the optimum

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10

Sauter, Nicholas K., Johan Hattne, Aaron S. Brewster, Nathaniel Echols, Petrus H. Zwart, and Paul D. Adams. "Improved crystal orientation and physical properties from single-shot XFEL stills." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70, no. 12 (2014): 3299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714024134.

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X-ray diffraction patterns from still crystals are inherently difficult to process because the crystal orientation is not uniquely determined by measuring the Bragg spot positions. Only one of the three rotational degrees of freedom is directly coupled to spot positions; the other two rotations move Bragg spots in and out of the reflecting condition but do not change the direction of the diffracted rays. This hinders the ability to recover accurate structure factors from experiments that are dependent on single-shot exposures, such as femtosecond diffract-and-destroy protocols at X-ray free-el

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11

Liu, K., T. A. Schmedake, and R. Tsu. "A comparative study of colloidal silica spheres: Photonic crystals versus Bragg's law." Physics Letters A 372, no. 24 (2008): 4517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2008.04.008.

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12

Malaurent, J. C., H. Duval, and A. Fert. "Etude de la structure d'une multicouche synthétique par la méthode de diffraction par dispersion d'énergie des rayons X." Journal of Applied Crystallography 20, no. 6 (1987): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889887086151.

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An energy-scanning X-ray diffraction technique is used to study a synthetic periodic multilayer structure with two amorphous components. The source was the Bremsstrahlung from the X-ray tube, and the detector was a silicon–lithium diode. Experimental results obtained for a multilayer PdSi/MgCu with large period show a deviation from the classical Bragg's law. The deviation is produced by the variation of the refractive index of the multilayer with the wavelength of the incident X-ray. The period d was determined to within 1%. A measure of the refraction index enabled an estimate to be made of

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13

Prum, R. O., R. Torres, C. Kovach, S. Williamson, and S. M. Goodman. "Coherent light scattering by nanostructured collagen arrays in the caruncles of the malagasy asities (Eurylaimidae: aves)." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 24 (1999): 3507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.24.3507.

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We investigated the anatomy, nanostructure and biophysics of the structurally coloured facial caruncles of three species in a clade of birds endemic to Madagascar (Philepittinae, Eurylaimidae: Aves). Caruncle tissues of all species had reflectance spectra with prominent, peak hues between 403 and 528 nm. Dark blue Neodrepanis tissues had substantial reflectance in the near ultraviolet (320–400 nm), which is visible to birds but not to humans, providing the first evidence of ultraviolet skin colours in birds and the first indications of the possible function of ultraviolet skin colours in avian

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14

Schwalbe, Carl. "1913-1914: the First Truly International Year of Crystallography." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086835.

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It is appropriate that 2014 has been chosen as the International Year of Crystallography since it was a century ago that crystallography as we know it emerged as a truly international science. The pattern becomes clearer if one considers academic years starting on September 1. Thus 1911-1912, when the first successful diffraction experiments were carried out, becomes the German year of crystallography. With the statement of Bragg's Law and the first structure determinations, 1912-1913 can be called the British year of crystallography. By late 1913 our science had achieved truly international s

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15

Animalu, Alexander O. E. "Geno-Bragg's law and 10*x10 representation of SU(3) symmetry for quasicrystal structures." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 13, no. 1-2 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-120449.

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16

Xiaoming, Jiang, and Wu Ziqin. "Bragg's Law with Refractive Correction of Low-angle x-ray Diffraction for Periodic Multilayers." Chinese Physics Letters 8, no. 7 (1991): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/8/7/008.

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17

Bocquet, F., P. Gergaud, and O. Thomas. "X-ray diffraction from inhomogeneous thin films of nanometre thickness: modelling and experiment." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 1 (2003): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802019866.

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The diffraction of X-rays by a thin layer (of the order of a few nanometres) with a gradient in interplanar spacings is considered. It is shown that optical coherence over the film thickness leads to diffraction peak positions that no longer obey Bragg's law. Although a fitting of the diffracted intensity is indeed still possible, this has direct consequences on the applicability of more straightforward analysis methods, such as the sin2ψ method, which rely on diffraction peak positions. The intensity and peak position calculations are supported by a comparison with experimental data from a (0

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18

Tejas, Ghadge1 Poonam Tharkude*2. "X-Ray Crystallography and Diffraction: A Review of Theory and Practical Applications." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2025): 1693–708. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15046804.

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One method that is frequently used to examine the atomic and molecular structures of crystalline materials is X-ray diffraction (XRD). This overview examines X-ray crystallography's foundations, tools, and developments. Because of Bragg's Law, which controls X-ray scattering, crystal shapes may be precisely determined. New developments such as synchrotron radiation, liquid metal jet sources, and microfocus X-ray tubes have improved efficiency and resolution. XRD is used in forensic analysis, materials science, nanotechnology, and medicines. Because of its crucial function in structural determi

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Ida, Takashi, Shoki Ono, Daiki Hattan, Takehiro Yoshida, Yoshinobu Takatsu, and Katsuhiro Nomura. "Removal of small parasite peaks in powder diffraction data by a multiple deconvolution method." Powder Diffraction 33, no. 2 (2018): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715618000337.

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Four series of small parasite peaks observed in powder diffraction data recorded with a Cu-target X-ray tube and a Ni filter on the diffracted beam side in Bragg–Brentano geometry are investigated. One series of the parasite peaks is assigned to the tungsten Lα-emission. Other three types of the parasite peak series are likely to be caused by the K-emissions of Ni, but the peak locations are deviated from those predicted by the Bragg's law. An empirical formula to locate the parasite peaks and a method to remove them from observed powder diffraction data are proposed. The method is based on th

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20

ISHIKAWA, M., H. MORIMOTO, T. OKUBO, and T. MAEKAWA. "GROWTH OF COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS UNDER MICROGRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 01n02 (2002): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202009846.

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The growth dynamics of colloidal crystallization was evaluated under sedimentation free conditions using sounding rocket and Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulation. The Bragg's reflections of colloidal crystals were measured during microgravity flight and average sizes of crystallites were obtained by the Sherrer's method. Results showed a power-law relationship between size and time, L ∝ tα where L is the size of crystallites and t is time. The obtained α s were 0.33 ± 0.03 in microgravity and 0.25 ± 0.02 in normal gravity, respectively. Browninan Dynamics (BD) simulation showed the time evolution

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21

Tabb, William K., and Albert Prago. "Billy Bragg's Powerful Commitment; Remembering the Spanish Civil War." Monthly Review 43, no. 1 (1991): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-043-01-1991-05_6.

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22

LINTON, C. M. "Water waves over arrays of horizontal cylinders: band gaps and Bragg resonance." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 670 (January 25, 2011): 504–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010005471.

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The existence of a band-gap structure associated with water waves propagating over infinite periodic arrays of submerged horizontal circular cylinders in deep water is established. Waves propagating at right angles to the cylinder axes and at an oblique angle are both considered. In each case an exact linear analysis is presented with numerical results obtained by solving truncated systems of equations. Calculations for large finite arrays are also presented, which show the effect of an incident wave having a frequency within a band gap – with the amount of energy transmitted across the array

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23

Lim, Kian-Meng, and Heow Pueh Lee. "Sound absorption using sonic crystals with coupled Helmholtz resonators." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 6 (2023): 2781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0404.

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Sonic crystals are made up of a periodic arrangement of sound scatterers and absorbers that exhibit band-gap behaviour, allowing them to block out certain band of frequencies of sound (Bragg's law). This allows artificially engineered structures, through proper design of geometry and placements of scatterers, to achieve specific acoustic properties for sound absorption and noise mitigation. Embedding Helmholtz resonators into sonic crystals have been shown to improve the low-frequency attenuation performance as a combined system. In this study, we investigated the interaction of coupled Helmho

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24

O'Keefe, Michael A. "Where are the limits to spatial resolution in the HRTEM?" Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010013777x.

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In discussing resolution limits, it is important to distinguish between the resolution of a microscope and the resolutions of the images produced by the microscope. The spatial resolution of a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) is an upper bound on the resolution of images that can be produced by that microscope, but there is no guarantee that any particular image from the microscope will attain this bound. In addition to instrumental limits, properties of the specimen will act to degrade image resolutions. For specimens that beam-damage rapidly, image resolution depends

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25

Bhattacharjee, Pramode Ranjan. "Discovery of the lack of success of Bragg's law in respect of perfect quantification of the X-ray diffraction phenomenon." Next Research 2, no. 2 (2025): 100312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100312.

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26

Kerur, B. R., S. R. Thontadarya, and B. Hanumaiah. "A study on the range of non-validity of the Bragg's additivity law for compounds at photon energies below 10 keV." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 43, no. 7 (1992): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(92)90151-4.

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27

Zhong, Rui Mei, I. C. Noyan, and J. B. Cohen. "X -Ray Elastic Constants and Their Meaning for Al and Fe." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010065.

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AbstractIn the measurement of residual stresses via diffraction (using x-rays or neutrons) it is strains that are actually determined, by employing the interplanar spacing (dhkl) of the ﹛hkl﹜ planes as an internal strain gauge. The change in this spacing is measured from the shift of diffraction peaks (and Bragg's law) at several orientations of the sample to the incident beam, and the resultant strains are converted to stresses with the “diffraction elastic constants”, S1 (hkl) and S2 (hkl)/2. While these take on the values (- v/E) and (1 + v )/E respectively for an isotropic solid, in anisot

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28

Wu, M. Y., Q. S. Huang, K. Le Guen, et al. "Characterization of Pd/Y multilayers with B4C barrier layers using GIXR and X-ray standing wave enhanced HAXPES." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (2018): 1417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518009402.

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Pd/Y multilayers are high-reflectance mirrors designed to work in the 7.5–11 nm wavelength range. Samples, prepared by magnetron sputtering, are deposited with or without B4C barrier layers located at the interfaces of the Pd and Y layers to reduce interdiffusion, which is expected from calculating the mixing enthalpy of Pd and Y. Grazing-incident X-ray reflectometry is used to characterize these multilayers. B4C barrier layers are found to be effective in reducing Pd–Y interdiffusion. Details of the composition of the multilayers are revealed by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy with X-ra

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Samah R. Hassan, Mudhar. A. Al-Obaidi, Hamid M. Mahan, and Konovalov Sergey. "Residual Stresses Characterisation of Hard Ceramic Coating (SiC-5wt%Al2O3) Using X-Ray Diffraction Technique." Journal of Techniques 6, no. 3 (2024): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v6i3.2214.

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The aim of this study is to measure residual stresses, specifically in wear protection coating, using the sin2ψ based on the X-ray diffraction technique. The combination of silicon carbide substrate and aluminium oxide (SiC-5wt.% Al2O3) is used as the wear protection coating, and AlNi alloy represents the bond coat, which is formed by the flame spraying method on the mild steel substrate. This in turn has enabled to reduce the thermal expansion constant between the substrate and composite ceramic layer. The diffraction angle, 2θ, is measured experimentally, and the lattice spacing is calculate

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Lizotte, Marco, Raymond Panneton, and Jean-Bernard Piaud. "Air vent shape optimization with metamaterials." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 266, no. 2 (2023): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc_2023_0111.

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Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), are crucial in every building for the well being of the occupants. While these equipments take care of the air quality with exhausting polluted air out and bringing fresh air in, they can let a polluant in: noise. Noise can have non-physical effects like disturbed sleep, cognitive problems or even influences on heart diseases. Recent developments in the acoustic field shown the use of metamaterials that can reduce noise while keeping good ventilation. The sonic crystals, disposed in a certain pattern following the Bragg's law, can be tuned to r

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Mohammad Kamal Ghassem, Alaskari, Sepehri Amir, and Kassaee Mohammad Zaman. "Unlocking Graphene’s Potential: Size Distribution and Topological Advances." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 8, no. 4 (2025): 052–59. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001115.

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The size distribution and topological properties of graphene samples in two-dimensional (2D) sheets play a crucial role in various technological applications and can be characterized using multiple analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we investigated the size distribution and topological features of hexagonal twisted graphene sheets and their impact on band gap energy, utilizing first-principles calcu

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Flores-Alamo, Marcos, Ana Maldonado-Hermenegildo, and Humberto Gómez-Ruiz. "Collecting data for several crystals in a single exposure to X-rays." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314082679.

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The experimental technique which has been of the greatest importance in revealing the structure of crystals is undoubtedly X-ray diffraction; recently with the CCD detector the time of collection data is most fast, which has given opportunity to explore the option of data collection multiple crystals or twinning crystals of same chemical substance. Considering the Ewald sphere or expression of Bragg's law where it involves the reciprocal lattice in the sphere of reflection and using CrysAlis PRO171 software [1] is possible to identify the number of unit-cells that are present in the material w

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33

Kojić-Prodić, Biserka. "A century of X-ray crystallography and 2014 international year of X-ray crystallography." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 34, no. 1 (2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2015.663.

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The 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Nobel prize awarded to Max von Laue in 1914 for his discovery of diffraction of X-rays on a crystal marked the beginning of a new branch of science - X-ray crystallography. The experimental evidence of von Laue's discovery was given by physicists W. Friedrich and P. Knipping in 1912. In the same year W. L. Bragg described the analogy between X-rays and visible light and formulated the Bragg's law, a fundamental relation, that connected the wave nature of X-rays and fine structure of a crystal at atomic level. In 1913 the first simple diffract

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34

Barbee, Troy W. "Multilayer Optics for the Soft X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 2 (1990): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400060449.

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This article considers a particular class of optic microstructure — multilayers for soft x-ray (SXR, 100 eV[124 Å] to 3,000 eV[4.1 Å] and extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 15 eV[800 Å] to 100 eV[124 Å] optics. Multilayers are manmade vapor-deposited depth-periodic layered micro-stractures of high enough quality to be considered synthetic crystals. Layers of two materials, A and B, having significant differences in their scattering powers for x-rays (electron densities) and of uniform thicknesses ta and tb are combined to form a sample of uniform in-depth period d0 ( = ta + tb). These microstructures a

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35

Ekkens, Tom. "Low-Cost Methods for Improving Data Collection Speed in Microwave Bragg Diffraction." Physics Teacher 60, no. 8 (2022): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0042152.

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In many introductory physics classes, diffraction of light is introduced first, then more advanced diffraction topics such as x-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, and crystallography are covered. Since using x-rays raises safety concerns and atomic spacing in a crystal is not easy to change, microwaves with macroscopic crystals have been used to study Bragg’s law in the undergraduate laboratory. A number of scientific supply companies, including PASCO and 3B Scientific, sell 10-GHz microwave optics systems. However, using these systems within the parameters of the manufacturer’s procedure for a Bra

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36

Puschmann, Horst, and Ehmke Pohl. "Structure Determination in a Changing World." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087336.

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Crystal structure analysis used to be a highly complex process requiring expensive and specialised instrumentation, high-end computing and a lot of prior knowledge. In the last ten years or so, the required instrumentation has become quite affordable (to the point of being ubiquitous), what used to be high-end computing can now be found in most people's pockets and the experience level of those performing these analyses has become highly polarised: - There are those who know little about the technique and are lured into it by the undisputed high value attached to a crystal structure and the ap

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Pillot, Paul, Paul Heron, Clotilde LowKam, et al. "Celebrating crystallography from K to 12 at CIMF, Montreal." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089621.

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If crystallography is well known to many scientists, this is not true for the general public. Aims of the international year of crystallography include the desire to increase public awareness, to stimulate the intellectual curiosity of students and to promote crystallographic education. At the College International Marie de France, we decided to tackle these challenges and celebrate IYCR2014 with students from kindergarten to grade 10 and by an outreach with the Universite de Montreal (UdeM). We will illustrate how, beyond appreciating the mesmerizing ordered crystal growth from a saturated so

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Oginni, Tolulope Emmanuel, and Xizeng Zhao. "Non-Hydrostatic Numerical Model of Bragg Resonance on Periodically Submerged Breakwater." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 3 (2023): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030650.

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The Bragg resonance (BR) of a reflection coefficient resulting from the propagation of monochronic waves over periodically submerged breakwater was studied using the non-hydrostatic numerical model SWASH (Simulating WAves till SHore). Bragg resonance occurs when the incident wavelength is approximately twice the structural length of a periodic structural breakwater according to Bragg’s law and conditions. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of Bragg resonance at water depths of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m as the number of periodically submerged breakwater and their wavelengths changed. Specif

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Lloyd, G. E., N. H. Schmidt, D. Mainprice, and D. J. Prior. "Crystallographic textures." Mineralogical Magazine 55, no. 380 (1991): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1991.055.380.04.

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AbstractTo material scientists the term texture means the crystallographic orientation of grains in a polycrystal. In contrast, geologists use the term more generally to refer to the spatial arrangement or association of mineral grains in a rock. In this contribution we are concerned with the materials science definition. There are several established techniques available for the determination of crystallographic textures in rocks. It has also been realised that the scanning electron microscope (SEM) is applicable to the study of crystallographic textures via the electron channelling (EC) effe

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Tseng, I.-Fan, Chi-Shian You, and Chia-Cheng Tsai. "Bragg Reflections of Oblique Water Waves by Periodic Surface-Piercing and Submerged Breakwaters." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070522.

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The Bragg reflections of oblique water waves by periodic surface-piercing structures over periodic bottoms are investigated using the eigenfunction matching method (EMM). Based on the assumption of small wave amplitude, the linear wave theory is employed in the solution procedure. In the step approximation, the surface-piercing structures and the bottom profiles are sliced into shelves separated by abrupt steps. For each shelf, the solution is composed of eigenfunctions with unknown coefficients representing the wave amplitudes. Upon applying the conservations of mass and momentum, a system of

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41

Wong, Yeong Yi, and Faridah Lisa Supian. "The Development and Usability of a Bragg’s Law Crystallography Model as a Teaching Aid in Solid State Physics Course among Undergraduate Students in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris." PILLAR OF PHYSICS EDUCATION 14, no. 1 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/11033171074.

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This quantitative study was aimed to develop and determine the usability of a Bragg’s law crystallography model as a teaching aid in Solid State Physics course among undergraduate students in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). The usability of Bragg’s law crystallography model in attracting students’ interest towards the learning area and the perception of students towards the usability were evaluated. A total of 101 UPSI undergraduate students were taken as the respondents in the study via the cluster probability sampling method. A questionnaire with four points Likert scale was used

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Ushanov, V. I., V. V. Chaldyshev, V. V. Preobrazhenskiy, M. A. Putyato, and B. R. Semyagin. "Resonant optical reflection from AsSb-AlGaAs metamaterials and structures." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 4 (2018): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.04.45820.09.

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AbstractThe optical reflection in periodic structures based on a semiconductor AlGaAs matrix containing two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic AsSb nanoinclusions was studied. The number of periods was 12 or 24. The spatial period was near 110 nm in both cases. In the experimental optical reflection spectra at normal incidence we observed resonant Bragg diffraction with the main peaks at wavelengths of 757 or 775 nm, depending on the spatial period of the nanostructure. The magnitudes of the resonance peaks reached 19 and 31% for the systems of 12 and 24 AsSb–AlGaAs layers, while the volume fract

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Markert, T. H. "Dispersive Spectroscopy on AXAF." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 115 (1990): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012550.

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AbstractThere are two transmission grating spectrometers and one Bragg crystal spectrometer being developed for the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (MIT is building the crystal spectrometer and one of the grating spectrometers; the Laboratory for Space Research in Utrecht is responsible for the other grating spectrometer). The gratings divide the AXAF energy band (80 eV – 10 keV) into three regions (the MIT instrument contains gratings with two different periods) and attain resolving powers for point sources between 100 and 1800. The gratings are composed of arrays of small facets mounted

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Lasota, Agnieszka, Mieczysław Gorzelak, Emanuela Bis, et al. "Implications of Isomorphism in the Family of Apatite Compounds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (2025): 4397. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094397.

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Apatites are very important compounds of mineralogical and biological meaning. Apatites originated from the calcium hydroxy compound 3Ca3(PO4)2·Ca(OH)2 and potentially might form three series of isomorphic salts, derived from cationic substitutions in the positions of Ca(I) and Ca(II) ions in the core compound; anionic substitutions of phosphates; and substitutions of anions and very simple chemical entities instead of the hydroxyl group in channel locations. The energies coupled with the ion exchanges inside those three locations were studied using our original method resulting from the trans

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Keller, W. A., and D. S. de Vasconcelos. "Modified Bragg law for heterolayer structures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 49, s1 (1993): c385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767378089205.

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Camacho de la Rosa, Angela, David Becerril, María Guadalupe Gómez-Farfán, and Raúl Esquivel-Sirvent. "Bragg Mirrors for Thermal Waves." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227452.

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We present a numerical calculation of the heat transport in a Bragg mirror configuration made of materials that do not obey Fourier’s law of heat conduction. The Bragg mirror is made of materials that are described by the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation. By analyzing the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation’s solutions, we define the thermal wave surface impedance to design highly reflective thermal Bragg mirrors. Even for mirrors with a few layers, very high reflectance is achieved (>90%). The Bragg mirror configuration is also a system that makes evident the wave-like nature of the solution of the Catta

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Nguyen, Thanh-Dinh, Egoitz Sierra, Harkaitz Eguiraun, and Erlantz Lizundia. "Iridescent cellulose nanocrystal films: the link between structural colour and Bragg’s law." European Journal of Physics 39, no. 4 (2018): 045803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aab598.

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Wang, Ming-Yue, Anjan Biswas, Yakup Yıldırım, Hashim M. Alshehri, Luminita Moraru, and Simona Moldovanu. "Optical Solitons in Fiber Bragg Gratings with Dispersive Reflectivity Having Five Nonlinear Forms of Refractive Index." Axioms 11, no. 11 (2022): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11110640.

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This paper implements the trial equation approach to retrieve cubic–quartic optical solitons in fiber Bragg gratings with the aid of the trial equation methodology. Five forms of nonlinear refractive index structures are considered. They are the Kerr law, the parabolic law, the polynomial law, the quadratic–cubic law, and the parabolic nonlocal law. Dark and singular soliton solutions are recovered along with Jacobi’s elliptic functions with an appropriate modulus of ellipticity.

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Price, B. J., J. Padur, and N. S. Robson. "A Review of the Relative Merits of Low Powered WDXRF and EDXRF Spectrometers for Routine Quantitative Analysis." Advances in X-ray Analysis 34 (1990): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800014476.

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Historically, the development of XRF spectrometers has followed 2 main paths which are characterized by the means of spectral resolution they use. Those employing diffraction crystals and Braggs law to disperse the X-ray wavelengths are known as wavelength dispersive (WDX), whilst those usinq only the energy resolution of the detector, as enerqy dispersive (EDX). In the past these two have not normally been directly compared, because the WDX systems have always been the more expensive.

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Zayed, Elsayed M. E., Mohamed E. M. Alngar, Anjan Biswas, et al. "Optical Solutions in Fiber Bragg Gratings with Polynomial Law Nonlinearity and Cubic-Quartic Dispersive Reflectivity-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Оптика и спектроскопия 129, no. 11 (2021): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2021.11.51648.1016-21.

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Optical solitons with ber Bragg gratings and polynomial law of nonlinear refractive index are addressed in the paper. The auxiliary equation approach together with an addendum to Kudryashov's method identify soliton solutions to the model. Singular periodic solutions emerge from these integration schemes as a byproduct. Keywords: solitons; cubic-quartic; Bragg gratings.

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