Journal articles: 'Brahmaputra'

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Saikia, Kandarpa. "FLOOD AND RIVER BANK EROSION IN MIDDLE BRAHMAPUTRA VALLEY AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO –ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE STUDY AREA." Volume-2: Issue-2 (February, 2020) 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss.2.2.2.

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The mighty Brahmaputra that flows centrally through the whole valley of Assam is the lifeline for 3.11crore people of Assam, and its neighboring states like West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, and bordering country like Bangladesh. Flood and erosion by the Brahmaputra River in Middle Assam Brahmaputra Valley is a burning problem of the state with its tremendous impact on the socio-economic development of people. The paper is an effort to deal with the following objectives: To understands the causes of flood and erosion by the Brahmaputra River in Middle Assam Brahmaputra Valley; To shed light on the overall Socio-economic impact of the flood and riverbank erosion; To study the changing patterns of economic activities in the area.

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Hasan, Mahmud, Md Mofizur Rahman, Anwar Hossain, and Md Golam Rabbane. "Sperm And Egg Quality In Catla And Rui Between Spawning Seasons In Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i2.46021.

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Sperm and egg quality of catla Catla catla and rui Labeo rohita were investigated in Brahmaputra and Sarker Hatchery, Mymensingh, Bangladesh over two spawning seasons as early (March to May) and peak (June to August ). In both hatcheries, catla and rui produced nearly 90% motile sperms as well as higher sperm concentration (catla: Brahmaputra hatchery. 2533.33 ± 119.65 million mL-1 and Sarker hatchery, 2658.89 ± 76.55 million mL-1; rui: Brahmaputra hatchery, 2856.67 ± 67.57 million mL-1 and Sarker hatchery, 2811.67 ± 51.90 million mL'1), seminal pH (catla: Brahmaputra hatchery, 7.41 ± 0.06 and Sarker hatchery, 7.41 ± 0.06; rui: Brahmaputra hatchery, 7.39 ± 0.05 and Sarker hatchery, 7.35 ± 0.05) and fertilizability in catla were 88% and In rui 92% in both hatcheries in the peak season. The occurrence of opaque eggs in catla and rui was 12% and 8% in both hatcheries in the peak season, respectively. The present study points to the fact that the quality of fish sperm and egg depends on seasons Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 231-241, December 2014

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Chaturvedi, M. C. "The ganga-brahmaputra-barak basin." Sadhana 8, no. 1 (February 1985): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02811272.

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Kamal-Heikman, Shithi, Louis A. Derry, Jery R. Stedinger, and Christopher C. Duncan. "A Simple Predictive Tool for Lower Brahmaputra River Basin Monsoon Flooding." Earth Interactions 11, no. 21 (December 1, 2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei226.1.

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Abstract The Brahmaputra River of South Asia is the fourth largest river in the world in terms of annual discharge. The lower Brahmaputra River basin is susceptible to catastrophic flooding with major social, economic, and public health impacts. There is relatively little rainfall and snowpack information for the watershed, and the system is poorly understood hydrologically. Using a combination of available remotely sensed and gauge data, this study analyzes snow cover, rainfall, and monsoon period discharge for a 14-yr time period (1986–99). It is found that interannual rainfall variability is low and is a weak predictor of monsoon discharge volumes. Strong evidence is found, however, that maximum spring snow cover in the upper Brahmaputra basin is a good predictor of the monsoon flood volume. Despite the temporal and spatial limitations of the data, this study’s analysis demonstrates the potential for developing an empirical tool for predicting large flood events that may allow an annual early window for mitigating flood damages in the lower Brahmaputra basin, home to 300 million people.

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Rahman, MM, MA Islam, and MB Khan. "Status of heavy metal pollution of water and fishes in Balu and Brahmaputra rivers." Progressive Agriculture 27, no. 4 (April 10, 2017): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i4.32129.

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The study was conducted to investigate the surface water quality and concentration of heavy metals in water and fish of the Balu and Brahmaputra rivers near to Demra in Dhaka city and BAU campus in Mymensingh respectively. Water samples were collected in distinct three sampling sites which were denoted as Station 1, Station 2 and Station 3. In Balu and Brahmaputra river, analysis of physicochemical parameters like temperature, transparency, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and alkalinity and the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) both water and three fish (Mastacembelus armatus, Channa punctatus and Mystus vittatus) species were analyzed. The comparative study reported that some physicochemical parameters like TDS (704±8.54 mg/l); EC (1043±39.15 mg/l), BOD (22±3 mg/l), and alkalinity (311±6.56 mg/l) of Balu river water were found much higher than Brahmaputra river where as transparency (10±0.25 cm), and DO (1.7±0.36 mg/l) lower than Brahmaputra river water. Temperature and PH were close to standard. The comparative study also revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals like Pb (0.032±0.003 mg/l), Cr (0.02±0.003 mg/l), Cd (0.02±0.005 mg/l), Ni (0.04±0.004 mg/l), Zn (0.08±0.005 mg/l) and Cu (0.01±0.002 mg/l) of Balu river water were higher than Brahmaputra River. In M. armatus, C. punctatus and M. vittatus, the concentration of heavy metals like Pb (0.85, 0.92 and 0.89 mg/kg), Cd (0.45, 0.48 and 0.51 mg/kg), Cr (0.72, 0.76 and 0.51 mg/kg), Cu (0.39, 0.38 and 0.35 mg/kg), Ni (0.95, 0.86 and 0.81 mg/kg) and Zn (1.17, 1.21 and 1.25 mg/kg) were noted in Balu river which were much higher than those of Brahmaputra river. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish can increase with the increase of heavy metals in water if pollutants discharge simultaneously. The results suggested that the water in the Balu river was polluted and not suitable for human consumption and aquaculture. On the other hand water in the Brahmaputra river was usable for aquaculture and irrigation but gradually degrade its quality by growing industries and untreated waste from municipalities.Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 444-452, 2016

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Mondal, M. Shahjahan, and Jahir Uddin Chowdhury. "Generation of 10-day flow of the Brahmaputra River using a time series model." Hydrology Research 44, no. 6 (December 5, 2012): 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.242.

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Time series models are used in hydrology for the generation of river flow data. The development of such a model, namely deseasonalized Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), for the generation of 10-day flows of the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh is described. The model was fitted following systematic stages of identification, estimation and diagnostic checking of model building. A negative power transformation for the Brahmaputra flow was found to be necessary for model construction. The seasonality of the flow was removed by Fourier analysis using five harmonics for 10-day means and 13 harmonics for standard deviations. The fitted model was ARMA (1, 3) having one autoregressive parameter and three moving average parameters. The validation forecasts made with the model indicated that the deseasonalized ARMA model could capture the 10-day variability of the Brahmaputra flow reasonably well. To further validate and verify the model 200 synthetic flow sequences, each with a length of 50 years, were generated. The fitted ARMA model was found to be capable of preserving both short-term statistics (variance and autocorrelation) and long-term statistics (Hurst coefficient and rescaled adjusted range) of the historic Brahmaputra flow.

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Mondal, M. Shahjahan, and Jahir Uddin Chowdhury. "Synthetic Stream-Flow Generation with Deseasonalized ARMA Model." Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v8i1.15570.

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Time series models are used in river hydrology for synthetic generation. The development of such a model, namely deseasonalized Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), for generation of decadal (10-day) flows of the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh is described. The model was fitted following systematic stages of identification, estimation and diagnostic checking of model building. A negative power transformation for the Brahmaputra flow was found to be necessary for model construction. The seasonality of the flow was removed by Fourier analysis using 5 harmonics for decadal means and 13 harmonics for standard deviations. The fitted model was ARMA (1, 3) having one autoregressive parameter and three moving average parameters. The validation forecasts made with the model indicated that the deseasonalized ARMA model could capture the decadal variability of the Brahmaputra flow reasonably well. Two hundred synthetic flow sequences, each with a length of 50 years, were generated using this model to further validate and verify the model. The fitted ARMA model was found to be capable of preserving both short-term statistics (variance and autocorrelation) and long-term statistics (Hurst coefficient and rescaled adjusted range) of the historic Brahmaputra flow.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 8(1) p.32-46

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Sonowal, Jyotish, Munmi Puzari, and Devid Kardong. "Diversity of freshwater molluscs from the upper Brahmaputra Basin, Assam, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 18237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7144.13.5.18237-18246.

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A field survey was conducted for three consecutive years, 2015–17 to assess the diversity of freshwater molluscs (Gastropoda and Bivalvia) of the upper Brahmaputra Basin in Assam, India. Altogether, 18 gastropods and 27 bivalve species representing nine families were recorded from 17 sampling stations comprising small to large tributaries and wetlands in the flood-plains covering a total geographical area of approximately 3,500km2. A large fraction (15.55%) of the collected mollusc species are new records from the upper Brahmaputra Basin of Assam. Rarity in the occurrence of freshwater mollusc was confirmed with singleton and doubleton species accounting for 6.66% and unique species accounting for 35.55% of the total species recorded. It was observed that most of the mollusc species of the upper Brahmaputra Basin are either in the ‘Least Concern’ or ‘Data Deficient’ category of the IUCN Red List; except for Lymnaea ovalior (Annandale & Prashad, 1921) and Sphaerium austeni Prashad, 1921 assessed as ‘Vulnerable’ and ‘Near Threatened’, respectively. A significant trend in the diversity in terms of species richness and composition was observed across the sampling stations of the northern basin and southern basin of the river Brahmaputra.

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Tsering, Tenzin, Mika Sillanpää, Satu-Pia Reinikainen, and Mahmoud Abdel Wahed. "Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Brahmaputra River and Implications for Their Mobilization." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 9214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249214.

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The Brahmaputra River is the largest tropical river in India that flows along the Himalayan regions and it is the lifeline of millions of people. Metal fractionation in the Brahmaputra River’s surface sediments and its correlation with turbidity are assessed in this study. The interaction between metal fractions and the overlying water is studied using multivariate statistical analyses. The strong positive correlation between NH4 of the overlying water and the exchangeable fractions in sediments signifies that the metals in the exchangeable fractions can be substituted by NH4. Subsequently, these metals can be released into the overlying water. The fluctuation in turbidity from 73 to 875 NTU indicates a large variation in the suspended matter concentration, and a higher concentration of suspended matter could provide attachment sites for pollutants such as metals. Significant variation in turbidity manifests a potentially high risk of pollution. In addition, the observation of local people along the Brahmaputra River turning its color to muddy indicates the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and an assessment of pollution is crucial. Although the Brahmaputra River’s risk assessment code is at low risk, the exchangeable fractions of Ni and Zn are present at all sites. Thus, the Brahmaputra River requires early preventive measures and management strategies to control metal pollution. This study contributes to an understanding of the fluctuation of turbidity of a tropical river. We provide baseline data for policymakers, and the importance of further intensive studies on metal pollution in the Himalayan Rivers is highlighted.

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Hopson, Thomas M., and Peter J. Webster. "A 1–10-Day Ensemble Forecasting Scheme for the Major River Basins of Bangladesh: Forecasting Severe Floods of 2003–07*." Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 618–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1006.1.

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Abstract This paper describes a fully automated scheme that has provided calibrated 1–10-day ensemble river discharge forecasts and predictions of severe flooding of the Brahmaputra and Ganges Rivers as they flow into Bangladesh; it has been operational since 2003. The Bangladesh forecasting problem poses unique challenges because of the frequent life-threatening flooding of the country and because of the absence of upstream flow data from India means that the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins must be treated as if they are ungauged. The meteorological–hydrological forecast model is a hydrologic multimodel initialized by NASA and NOAA precipitation products, whose states and fluxes are forecasted forward using calibrated European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ensemble prediction system products, and conditionally postprocessed to produce calibrated probabilistic forecasts of river discharge at the entrance points of the Ganges and Brahmaputra into Bangladesh. Forecasts with 1–10-day horizons are presented for the summers of 2003–07. Objective verification shows that the forecast system significantly outperforms both a climatological and persistence forecast at all lead times. All severe flooding events were operationally forecast with significant probability at the 10-day horizon, including the extensive flooding of the Brahmaputra in 2004 and 2007, with the latter providing advanced lead-time warnings for the evacuation of vulnerable residents.

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Bordoloi, Bobita, and Samujjal Saharia. "Current Status of the Endangered Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista Gangetica), the Aquatic Megafauna in the Brahmaputra River System." Current World Environment 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.2.24.

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The Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is the most charismatic aquatic species inhabiting rivers of India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. It is an endangered species that occurs both in the Brahmaputra and Barak river systems in Assam (India). In the Brahmaputra river system, the occurence of ‘hihu’ is primarily confirmed in the mainstream Brahmaputra, the Kulsi river of Kamrup district, and the Subansiri river of Lakhimpur district. The dolphins inhabit river confluences or tributary junctions followed by river meanderings with the prevalence of eddy counter-currents and prey-fish abundance. Of late, it has been observed that river dolphin population has declined at an alarming rate due to the potential threats including poaching for dolphin oil, by-catch, overfishing, net entanglements, sand mining, habitat destruction through aquatic pollution, construction of dams, and lack of awareness. The species is left only in certain pockets of the Brahmaputra River. Thus, there is an urgent need for the conservation of this endangered species in its natural habitats. Effective protection of this endangered aquatic megafauna requires elimination and management of the potential threats. This review provides an overview of the distribution and population status, ecology, and management strategies and recommendation to increase awareness for its long-term conservation.

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Mirza, M. Monirul Qader. "The Choice of Stage-Discharge Relationship for the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers in Bangladesh." Hydrology Research 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2003.0010.

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The Ganges and Brahmaputra are the two largest rivers in Bangladesh. Discharge estimations of these rivers from a stage-discharge relationship or rating curve are crucial for flood warning/control/mitigation and water resources development. So far, logarithmic rating curves have been widely used in Bangladesh. The suitability of semi-logarithmic, polynomial and quadratic rating curves has not been investigated. In this study, all four recognised stage-discharge relationships were examined for the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Unbiased least squares estimators were determined for the segmented logarithmic and semi-logarithmic rating curves. This enhanced their efficiency in inter-and extrapolating discharges from the given river stages. Based on detailed analysis and goodness-of-fit criteria, segmented logarithmic and third order polynomial rating curves were found to be the best for the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, respectively.

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DARSHAN, ACHOM, WAIKHOM VISHWANATH, SANTOSHKUMAR ABUJAM, and DEBANGSHU NARAYAN DAS. "Exostoma kottelati, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Zootaxa 4585, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4585.2.10.

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Exostoma kottelati, new species, is described from the Ranga River, Brahmaputra basin, in Arunachal Pradesh state, northeastern India. It differs from congeners in the Brahmaputra River basin in having a longer adipose-fin base (33.4–36.0 % SL vs. 23.4–32.9), a greater (except E. mangdechhuensis) pre-pelvic length (45.6–47.3 % SL vs. 39.3–44.6) and a greater pre-anal length (73.9–76.5 % SL vs. 62.2–70.1). It further differs from all known congeners by the following unique combination characters: the adipose fin is distinctly separated from the dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays, pre-dorsal length 38.9–41.7% SL, adipose-fin base length 33.4–36 % SL, caudal peduncle length 18.7–21.1 % SL, caudal peduncle depth 8.8–9.5 % SL, and body depth at anus 12.5–13.5 % SL. This is the fifth species of Exostoma known from the Brahmaputra River basin.

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Garzanti, Eduardo, Giovanni Vezzoli, Sergio Andò, Mara Limonta, Laura Borromeo, and Christian France-Lanord. "Provenance of Bengal Shelf Sediments: 2. Petrology and Geochemistry of Sand." Minerals 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9100642.

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The Bangladesh lowlands are traversed by the largest sediment flux on the planet. Detritus generated mostly in Himalayan highlands and conveyed through the Ganga–Brahmaputra rivers and Meghna estuary reaches the Bay of Bengal, where it forms a composite deltaic system. This study integrates the vast existing database on Ganga–Brahmaputra sediments of all grain sizes from clay to sand with new petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data on estuarine and shallow-marine sands. A large spectrum of compositional signatures was used to: (i) assess the relative supply of the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers to estuarine and shelfal sediments; (ii) define the compositional variability of estuarine sediments and the impact exerted by hydraulic sorting and climate-related chemical weathering on provenance signals; (iii) define the compositional variability of shelf sediments and the potential hydrodynamic segregation of fast-settling heavy minerals in coastal environments and of slow-settling platy micas on low-energy outer-shelf floors; (iv) consider the potential additional mud supply from the western subaerial part of the delta formerly built by the Ganga River; and (v) draw a preliminary mineralogical comparison between fluvio-deltaic sediments and turbidites of the Bengal–Nicobar deep-sea fan, thus tracing sediment dispersal across the huge sedimentary system extending from Tibet to the equatorial Indian Ocean. All investigated mineralogical and geochemical parameters, as well as Sr and Nd isotope ratios and clay–mineral assemblages, showed a clear prevalence in sediment supply from the Brahmaputra (60–70%) over the Ganga (30–40%). Heavy-mineral suites and Sr and Nd isotope fingerprints of Bengal shelf sediments are nearly identical to those of the Brahmaputra River and Meghna estuary, also because the Brahmaputra carries almost twice as many Ca-plagioclase grains and heavy minerals including epidote than the Ganga, and these minerals control the large majority of the Sr and Nd budgets. The experience gained in modern settings can be directly extrapolated only to the recent past, because sediments older than the late Pleistocene and buried more than a few hundred meters begin to lose less durable ferromagnesian minerals by selective chemical dissolution, which makes quantitative estimates progressively less robust in more deeply buried older strata.

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Swamee, Prabhata K., Nayan Sharma, and Ambuj Dwivedi. "Lacey regime equations for river Brahmaputra." Journal of Hydraulic Research 46, no. 5 (September 2008): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3826/jhr.2008.3130.

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Islam, A. K. M. Saiful, Supria Paul, Khaled Mohammed, Mutasim Billah, Md Golam Rabbani Fahad, Md Alfi Hasan, G. M. Tarekul Islam, and Sujit Kumar Bala. "Hydrological response to climate change of the Brahmaputra basin using CMIP5 general circulation model ensemble." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 3 (October 25, 2017): 434–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.076.

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Abstract The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna river system carries the world's third-largest fresh water discharge and Brahmaputra alone carries about 67% of the total annual flow of Bangladesh. Climate change will be expected to alter the hydrological cycles and the flow regime of these basins. Assessment of the fresh water availability of the Brahmaputra Basin in the future under climate change condition is crucial for both society and the ecosystem. SWAT, a semi-distributed physically based hydrological model, has been applied to investigate hydrological response of the basin. However, it is a challenging task to calibrate and validate models over this ungauged and poor data basin. A model derived by using gridded rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and temperature data from reanalysis product ERA-Interim provides acceptable calibration and validation. Using the SWAT-CUP with SUFI-2 algorithm, sensitivity analysis of model parameters was examined. A calibrated model was derived using new climate change projection data from the multi-model ensemble CMIP5 Project over the South Asia CORDEX domain. The uncertainty of predicting monsoon flow is less than that of pre-monsoon flow. Most of the regional climate models (RCMs) show an increasing tendency of the discharge of Brahmaputra River at Bahadurabad station during monsoon, when flood usually occurs in Bangladesh.

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Shanta, Hasina Afruj. "Tsangpo-Brahmaputra: A Perception Study from Riparian Perspectives." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 3 (May 19, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n3p33.

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Trans-boundary River water has been a constant source of contention since the ancient times. As worldwide water scarcity is an increasing trend, trans-boundary water issues have become more critical. The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra is an important river that runs through China, India, and Bangladesh. Recently, it has been emerging as a great concern for India and Bangladesh. As a middle riparian country, India is concerned about the Chinese activities further upstream. On the other hand, Bangladesh is concerned about China’s and India’s upstream activities on the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, as it is the lowest riparian country. Each of the three countries has their own riparian perception and their own views to explain and justify their riparian activities and concerns. This paper will broadly analyze all three perspectives, their concerns, and anxieties, placing them in the context of their riparian location. It will also provide some suggestions based on the core principles of equitable and logical water sharing to deal with the present riparian tension and ensure basin-wide water management. All three riparian countries’ should accept the principle of equitable distribution of Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river water. A Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river basin commission or some kind of commission can be formed with the authority to ensure equitable distribution of water among the co-riparian countries, namely, Bangladesh, China, and India.

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NG, HEOK HEE. "Two new species of Pseudolaguvia (Teleostei: Erethistidae) from Bangladesh." Zootaxa 1044, no. 1 (September 2, 2005): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1044.1.4.

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Two new South Asian catfish species of the family Erethistidae, Pseudolaguvia inornata and Pseudolaguvia muricata, are described from the Brahmaputra and Feni River drainages in Bangladesh. Pseudolaguvia inornata from the Feni River drainage can be distinguished from congeners in having a uniform coloration with a pale mid-dorsal stripe and brown submarginal stripes on each lobe of the caudal fin, while P muricata from the Brahmaputra River drainage can be distinguished from congeners by its elongate dorsal and pectoral-fin spines.

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CHOUDHURY, HRISHIKESH, ABHINIT DEY, RATUL CH BHARALI, DANDADHAR SARMA, and WAIKHOM VISHWANATH. "A new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae: Schistura) from Arunachal Pradesh, India." Zootaxa 4551, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.1.2.

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Schistura rebuw, new species, is described from the Kameng River, a north-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The new species is easily distinguished from all known congeners in the Brahmaputra basin by its unique sexual dimorphism, specifically a suborbital slit in adult females, and a suborbital flap in adult males; and a colour pattern of 10–11 blackish bars on a greyish-beige body, the pre-dorsal bars mostly broken or incomplete, coalescing dorsally in a more or less alternate fashion.

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Sarma, Jogendra, and Shukla Acharjee. "A Study on Variation in Channel Width and Braiding Intensity of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090343.

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The Brahmaputra River flows through Assam, India, for about 670 km along an alluvial valley as a wide braided river. The width of the river varies with time along its course. The braiding intensity of this river is estimated using the braiding index (BI) of Brice (1964), which also changes with space and time along the course of the river. Temporal changes of both width and BI have been studied using topographic maps of 1912–1928 and 1963–1975, and dry season satellite data of 1996, 2000, 2007 and 2009. The mean widths of the Brahmaputra River channel in Assam during 1912–1928, 1963–1975, 1996, 2000, 2007 and 2009 were 5949 m, 7455 m, 7505 m, 8008 m, 8308 m and 9012 m, respectively, confirming an overall increase in width with time. Both the width and variation of width are lowest in four short narrower segments of the river. Three of these segments represent hard points comprising gneissic rock, and one segment is on alluvium comprising cohesive clay. The increase in width is correlated to enormous sediment load produced by the great Assam earthquake of 1950 and large-scale deforestation in the Himalayas. The mean BIs for the Brahmaputra for 1963–1975, 1996, 2000, 2007 and 2009 were 8.59, 8.43, 6.67, 6.58 and 7.70, respectively, indicating in general a decreasing trend up to 2007. The BI showed low variation at the four narrow segments where there is also a minimum variation of the channel width. The BI has increased significantly in the upstream part of the river. Very high fluctuation of discharge (17,000 m 3 / s − 1 in 24 h) and high sediment loads of the Brahmaputra (daily mean sediment discharge of 2.0 million tonnes during monsoon), erodible alluvial banks and high width/depth ratios are the main causes of development of braiding. The interrelationship between channel width and BI of the Brahmaputra shows a positive correlation, indicating an increase in BI with increasing channel width.

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Barua, Anamika, and Sumit Vij. "Treaties can be a non-starter: a multi-track and multilateral dialogue approach for Brahmaputra Basin." Water Policy 20, no. 5 (July 12, 2018): 1027–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.140.

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Abstract Countries sharing the Brahmaputra River have for decades deliberated on formulating and implementing cooperative strategies to develop the potential of the basin. Yet, little progress has been made so far at the government-to-government track 1 level in achieving regional cooperation due to the diverse national interests of the riparian countries. This has led to tension and friction among co-riparian nations and mistrust at political level. Drawing from the Brahmaputra Dialogue, this paper aims to highlight the merit of multi-track and multilateral dialogue processes for building trust and confidence between the riparian countries – paving a way towards transboundary cooperation. The paper concludes that given the geo-politics and the national interests of each riparian nation, negotiation for a treaty for cooperation through track 1 diplomacy, in the Brahmaputra River Basin (BRB), is a non-starter. Multi-track and multilateral dialogues can provide a platform to pursue positive interactions and can be viewed as an extension to existing state-diplomacy in BRB, to bring about sustainable change in the basin management.

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Finsen, Flemming, Christian Milzow, Richard Smith, Philippa Berry, and Peter Bauer-Gottwein. "Using radar altimetry to update a large-scale hydrological model of the Brahmaputra river basin." Hydrology Research 45, no. 1 (July 3, 2013): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.191.

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Measurements of river and lake water levels from space-borne radar altimeters (past missions include ERS, Envisat, Jason, Topex) are useful for calibration and validation of large-scale hydrological models in poorly gauged river basins. Altimetry data availability over the downstream reaches of the Brahmaputra is excellent (17 high-quality virtual stations from ERS-2, 6 from Topex and 10 from Envisat are available for the Brahmaputra). In this study, altimetry data are used to update a large-scale Budyko-type hydrological model of the Brahmaputra river basin in real time. Altimetry measurements are converted to discharge using rating curves of simulated discharge versus observed altimetry. This approach makes it possible to use altimetry data from river cross sections where both in-situ rating curves and accurate river cross section geometry are not available. Model updating based on radar altimetry improved model performance considerably. The Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency increased from 0.77 to 0.83. Real-time river basin modelling using radar altimetry has the potential to improve the predictive capability of large-scale hydrological models elsewhere on the planet.

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Hasson, S., V. Lucarini, and S. Pascale. "Hydrological cycle over south and southeast Asian river basins as simulated by PCMDI/CMIP3 experiments." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 4, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 109–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-4-109-2013.

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Abstract. We investigate how CMIP3 climate models describe the hydrological cycle over four major South and Southeast Asian river basins (Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong) for the XX, XXI, and XXII centuries. For the XX century, models' simulated water balance and total runoff quantities are neither consistent with the observed mean river discharges nor among the models. Most of the models underestimate the water balance for the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong basin and overestimate it for the Indus basin. The only modest inter-model agreement is found for the Indus basin in terms of precipitation, evaporation and the strength of the hydrological cycle and for the Brahmaputra basin in terms of evaporation. While some models show inconsistencies for the Indus and the Ganges basins, most of the models seem to conserve water at the river basin scale up to a good degree of approximation. Models agree on a negative change of the water balance for Indus and a positive change in the strength of the hydrological cycle, whereas for Brahmaputra, Mekong and Ganges, most of the models project a positive change in both quantities. Most of the models foresee an increase in the inter-annual variability of the water balance for the Ganges and Mekong basins which is consistent with the projected changes in the Monsoon precipitation. No considerable future change in the inter-annual variability of water balance is found for the Indus basin, characterized by a more complex meteorology, because its precipitation regime is determined not only by the summer monsoon but also by the winter mid-latitude disturbances.

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Lahiri, Nayanjot. "Landholding and Peasantry in the Brahmaputra Valley C . 5Th-13Th Centuries a. D." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 33, no. 2 (1990): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852090x00103.

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AbstractIn the world of the Brahmaputra valley inscriptions between the 5th and the 12th/13th centuries A.D. the Brahmins, traditionally at the apex of the caste hiearchy, had their position as the dominant landholding class buttressed by certain fiscal and administrative-judicial privileges that went along with the donations of land they received from the contemporary kings. However, in contrast to certain other areas of India, such as Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra where the donated plots of land were supposedly in waste areas, giving the donee Brahmins absolute land tenure rights, the rights of the already existing peasantry in the donated plots of land in the Brahmaputra valley were unlikely to have been impaired because these plots of land were in already settled regions and not in areas to be reclaimed. The reclamation of land went on in the hilly fringe of the Brahmaputra valley as late as the 19th century, and the peasants, originally tribals, cnjoyed a permanency of tenure in the land they reclaimed. The Brahmaputra valley was reclaimed before the period of our inscriptions, and this means that the Brahmins got only the rent which the resident peasantry used to give earlier to the king. The ranks of the peasantry also included such occupational groups as boatsmen, potters and weavers, suggesting on the whole a picture of occupational mobility which could be found even the early 20th century Assam, mainly because of the general availability of cultivable waste land and the insignificance of trade conducive to the growth of occupational groups. The peasant production was geared to wet rice cultivation which had an irrigational system, perhaps honed by the Kachari element of the population of our period, to fall back upon. The Kachari participation in this irrigation system can be surmised both from the occurrence of the related language words in the inscriptions and the general ethnographic literature on pre-modern irrigation in the Brahmaputra valley. The interaction between the Brahmins and the general range of peasantry which undoubtedly had a significant tribal element ushered in what would be called the process of Sanskritization of the grassroots village level in the Brahmaputra valley. The data on the systems of landholding and the general character of the peasantry are not much in the inscriptions of our period, constituting, in fact, its basic historical source, but viewed in the light of the relevant ethnographic evidence in the context of pre-modern Assam, even this limited amount of data can offer a coherent picture, howsoever brief.

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AGARWAL, ISHAN, STEPHEN MAHONY, VARAD B. GIRI, R. CHAITANYA, and AARON M. BAUER. "Six new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northeast India." Zootaxa 4524, no. 5 (November 25, 2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.5.1.

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We use mitochondrial sequence data to identify divergent lineages within the gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus in northeast India and use morphological data to describe six new species from within the Indo-Burma clade of Cyrtodactylus. The new species share an irregular colour pattern but differ from described species from the region in morphology and mitochondrial sequence data (>11 % uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence). Three new species are from along the Brahmaputra River and three are from mountains south of the Brahmaputra, including the largest Cyrtodactylus from India and the fifth gecko to be described from a major Indian city, Guwahati.

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Baruah, Deepjyoti, Amalesh Dutta, and P. Pravin. "Line Fishing Methods of the Brahmaputra Valley." Journal of Krishi Vigyan 8, no. 1 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2019.00098.9.

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Bhattachaiyya, N. N., and A. K. Bora. "Floods of the Brahmaputra River in India." Water International 22, no. 4 (December 1997): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069708686709.

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Sah, Rajesh Kumar, and Apurba Kumar Das. "Morphological Dynamics of the Rivers of Brahmaputra." Journal of the Geological Society of India 92, no. 4 (October 2018): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-018-1039-y.

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Sikder, Safat, Xiaodong Chen, Faisal Hossain, Jason B. Roberts, Franklin Robertson, C. K. Shum, and Francis J. Turk. "Are General Circulation Models Ready for Operational Streamflow Forecasting for Water Management in the Ganges and Brahmaputra River Basins?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0099.1.

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Abstract This study asks the question of whether GCMs are ready to be operationalized for streamflow forecasting in South Asian river basins, and if so, at what temporal scales and for which water management decisions are they likely to be relevant? The authors focused on the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna basins for which there is a gridded hydrologic model calibrated for the 2002–10 period. The North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) suite of eight GCM hindcasts was applied to generate precipitation forecasts for each month of the 1982–2012 (30 year) period at up to 6 months of lead time, which were then downscaled according to the bias-corrected statistical downscaling (BCSD) procedure to daily time steps. A global retrospective forcing dataset was used for this downscaling procedure. The study clearly revealed that a regionally consistent forcing for BCSD, which is currently unavailable for the region, is one of the primary conditions to realize reasonable skill in streamflow forecasting. In terms of relative RMSE (normalized by reference flow obtained from the global retrospective forcings used in downscaling), streamflow forecast uncertainty (RMSE) was found to be 38%–50% at monthly scale and 22%–35% at seasonal (3 monthly) scale. The Ganges River (regulated) experienced higher uncertainty than the Brahmaputra River (unregulated). In terms of anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), the streamflow forecasting at seasonal (3 monthly) scale was found to have less uncertainty (>0.3) than at monthly scale (<0.25). The forecast skill in the Brahmaputra basin showed more improvement when the time horizon was aggregated from monthly to seasonal than the Ganges basin. Finally, the skill assessment for the individual seasons revealed that the flow forecasting using NMME data had less uncertainty during monsoon season (July–September) in the Brahmaputra basin and in postmonsoon season (October–December) in the Ganges basin. Overall, the study indicated that GCMs can have value for management decisions only at seasonal or annual water balance applications at best if appropriate historical forcings are used in downscaling. The take-home message of this study is that GCMs are not yet ready for prime-time operationalization for a wide variety of multiscale water management decisions for the Ganges and Brahmaputra River basins.

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Yi, Shuang, Chunqiao Song, Kosuke Heki, Shichang Kang, Qiuyu Wang, and Le Chang. "Satellite-observed monthly glacier and snow mass changes in southeast Tibet: implication for substantial meltwater contribution to the Brahmaputra." Cryosphere 14, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 2267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2267-2020.

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Abstract. High-Asia glaciers have been observed to be retreating the fastest in the southeastern Tibet Plateau (SETP), where vast numbers of glaciers and amounts of snow feed the streamflow of the Brahmaputra, a transboundary river linking the world's two most populous countries, China and India. However, the low temporal resolutions in previous observations of glacier and snow (GS) mass balance obscured the seasonal accumulation–ablation variations, and their modelling estimates were divergent. Here we use monthly satellite gravimetry observations from August 2002 to June 2017 to estimate GS mass variation in the SETP. We find that the “spring-accumulation-type” glaciers and snow in the SETP reach their maximum in May. This is in stark contrast to seasonal variations in terrestrial water storage, which is controlled by summer precipitation and reaches the maximum in August. These two seasonal variations are mutually orthogonal and can be easily separated in time-variable gravity observations. Our GS mass balance results show a long-term trend of -6.5±0.8 Gt yr−1 (or 0.67±0.08 m w.e. yr−1) and annual mass decreases ranging from −49.3 to −78.3 Gt with an average of -64.5±8.9 Gt in the SETP between August 2002 and June 2017. The contribution of summer meltwater to the Brahmaputra streamflow is estimated to be 51±9 Gt. This result could help to resolve previous divergent modelling estimates and underlines the importance of meltwater to the Brahmaputra streamflow. The high sensitivity between GS melting and temperature on both annual and monthly scales suggests that the Brahmaputra will suffer from not only changes in total annual discharge but also an earlier runoff peak due to ongoing global warming.

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Jiang, Hanchen, Maoshan Qiang, Peng Lin, Qi Wen, Bingqing Xia, and Nan An. "Framing the Brahmaputra River hydropower development: different concerns in riparian and international media reporting." Water Policy 19, no. 3 (January 6, 2017): 496–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.056.

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Development of the Brahmaputra River, which links China, India and Bangladesh, has been hindered by significant challenges, particularly political challenges. News reports can mirror the perceptions of political actors, but are, owing to the complexity of the issue, complicated and unstructured. We present a comparative content analysis of the overall framing in news reports of the Brahmaputra River development from major English news media. A structural topic model is established to discover latent topics in the corpus of 1,569 news articles published in 34 countries or regions. We find that politics, including domestic and international politics, dominates the news narratives. Environmental issues, such as glacier status and climate change impacts, are secondarily discussed. Technology and economy issues are less frequently presented in the media coverage. Advantages of upstream countries and dependences of downstream countries are reflected in news reporting and explicitly emerge in the structural topic model. These findings and implications are important for promoting mutual understanding and cooperation among riparian countries in developing the Brahmaputra River. The proposed approach is expected to be widely used as a methodological strategy in future water policy studies.

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Borah, Simanku, Asha T. Landge, Birendra K. Bhattacharjya, Sushant K. Chakraborty, Karankumar K. Ramteke, Jyotish Barman, Kaustubh Bhagawati, and Bhaskar J. Saud. "Variation in morphometric and meristic traits of Aspidoparia morar from Brahmaputra and Barak Rivers of Assam, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.412.

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The minor carp, Aspidoparia morar is a benthopelagic fish belonging to the sub-family Danioninae under the family Cyprinidae. It has emerged as the single most dominant species in the river Brahmaputra in Assam. In the present study, 240 specimens were collected from Guwahati and Tezpur in the Brahmaputra River and Silchar in the Barak River to investigate the morphometric and meristic variation among the populations. For this a total of 20 morphometric traits and 11 meristic traits were studied. The mean lengths for most of the morphometric traits were higher for the Barak River except eye diameter, inter orbital length and anal fin length which were significantly higher on the Brahmaputra River, while the post orbital length and pelvic fin length were found to be almost equal. The regressions of standard length with all the morphometric traits except pelvic fin length, pelvic fin base, pectoral fin length, dorsal fin length, anal fin length, pre orbital length, post orbital length, inter orbital length and eye diameter showed significant variation between the rivers. Two meristic traits viz. branched rays in anal fin and gill rakers on the first gill arch also showed significant variation in the samples of the rivers.

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Pradhan, Neera Shrestha, Partha Jyoti Das, Nishikant Gupta, and Arun Bhakta Shrestha. "Sustainable Management Options for Healthy Rivers in South Asia: The Case of Brahmaputra." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031087.

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The Brahmaputra is one of the largest river systems of South Asia, providing life-supporting services to about 70 million people. Massive flooding, land erosion, over-exploitation of water, excessive fishing, habitat degradation and fragmentation, exploitation of flood plains, climate change impacts, absence of integrated basin wide management, and transboundary cooperation are major challenges for the present and future sustainability and development in the basin. Although hydrological connectivity is intact in most of the main course of the river, the infrastructure development plans may convert the Brahmaputra to a predominantly managed river system. In this regard, this paper examines the physiographic, ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic status of the Brahmaputra river, its transnational basin in South Asia, and the basin population in the cross-cutting context to explore its sustainable management options. For a durable future of the river and its communities, an integrated management mechanism among the basin countries with the objective of equitable benefit sharing, disaster risk management, and resilience building is needed. The suggested strategies will help in maintaining the ecohydrological health and utilitarian services of the river for the socioeconomic development of millions of poor and marginalized people living in the basin.

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Sarma, J. N., and S. Acharjee. "A GIS based study on bank erosion by the river Brahmaputra around Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 2 (September 19, 2012): 1085–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-1085-2012.

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Abstract. The Kaziranga National Park is a forest-edged riverine grassland inhabited by the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceroses, as well as a wide diversity of animals. The park is situated on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra River at the foot of the Mikir Hills. National Highway 37 forms the southern boundary and the northern boundary is the river Brahmaputra and covers an area of about 430 km2. The Brahmaputra River flows by Kaziranga National Park in a braided course for about 53 km. Sequential changes in the position of banklines of the river due to consistent bank erosion have been studied from Survey of India topographic maps of 1912–1916 and 1972, satellite IRS LISS III images from 1998 to 2008 using GIS. Study of bank line shift due to the bank erosion around Kaziranga has been carried out for the periods 1912–1916 to 1972, 1972 to 1998 and 1998 to 2008. The amounts of the bank area lost due to erosion and gained due to sediment deposition are estimated separately. The total area eroded during 1912–1916 to 1972 was more (84.87 km2) as compared to accretion due to sediment deposition (24.49 km2), the total area eroded was also more in 1972–1998 (44.769 km2) as compared to accretion (29.47 km2) and the total area eroded was again more in 1998–2008 (20.41 km2) as compared to accretion (7.89 km2). The rates of erosion during 1912–1916 to 1970, 1970 to 1998, and 1998 to 2008 were 1.46, 1.59 and 1.021 km2 per year, respectively. During the entire period (1912–1916 to 2008) of study the erosion on the whole was 150.04 km2 and overall accretion was 61.86 km2 resulting in a loss of 88.188 km2 area of the park. The maximum amounts of shift of the bankline during 1912–1916 to 1970, 1970 to 1998, and 1998 to 2008 were 4.58 km, 3.36 km, and 1.92 km, respectively, which amount to the rates of shift as 0.078, 0.12 and 0.096 km per year, respectively. A lineament and a few faults have controlled the trend of the course of the Brahmaputra around Kaziranga area. The main cause of erosion of the Brahmaputra is the loose non-cohesive sediments of the bank throughout the park. The braided channel of the river strikes the bank directly and undermines the silty bank causing overhanging blocks to be carried away easily by the river current. In future deposition is likely to be more in upstream or eastern part of Kaziranga and erosion in middle part of Kaziranga national park area due to the river Brahmaputra. Antierosion measures have been adopted only in a few places to check bank erosion at Kaziranga.

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Sailo, Lalsangzela, and Chandan Mahanta. "Natural attenuation processes of arsenic in the groundwater of the Brahmaputra floodplain of Assam, India." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18, no. 1 (2016): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em00401b.

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Pervez, M. S., and G. M. Henebry. "Spatial and seasonal responses of precipitation in the Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins to ENSO and Indian Ocean dipole modes: implications for flooding and drought." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 1671–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-1671-2014.

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Abstract. We evaluated the spatial and temporal responses of precipitation in the basins as modulated by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean (IO) dipole modes using observed precipitation records at 43 stations across the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins from 1982 to 2010. Daily observed precipitation records were extracted from Global Surface Summary of the Day dataset and spatial and monthly anomalies were computed. The anomalies were averaged for the years influenced by climate modes combinations. Occurrences of El Niño alone significantly reduced (60% and 88% of baseline in the Ganges and Brahmaputra basins, respectively) precipitation during the monsoon months in the northwestern and central Ganges basin and across the Brahmaputra basin. In contrast, co-occurrence of La Niña and a positive IO dipole mode significantly enhanced (135% and 160% of baseline, respectively) precipitation across both basins. During the co-occurrence of neutral phases in both climate modes (occurring 13 out of 28 yr), precipitation remained below average to average in the agriculturally extensive areas of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, eastern Nepal, and the Rajshahi district in Bangladesh in the Ganges basin and northern Bangladesh, Meghalaya, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh in the Brahmaputra basin. This pattern implies that a regular water deficit is likely in these areas with implications for the agriculture sector due to its reliance on consistent rainfall for successful production. Major flooding and drought occurred as a consequence of the interactive effects of the ENSO and IO dipole modes, with the sole exception of extreme precipitation and flooding during El Niño events. This observational analysis will facilitate well informed decision making in minimizing natural hazard risks and climate impacts on agriculture, and supports development of strategies ensuring optimized use of water resources in best management practice under changing climate.

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Sharma, Narayan, M. D. Madhusudan, Prabal Sarkar, Mayur Bawri, and Anindya Sinha. "Trends in extinction and persistence of diurnal primates in the fragmented lowland rainforests of the Upper Brahmaputra Valley, north-eastern India." Oryx 46, no. 2 (April 2012): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001402.

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AbstractThe historical deforestation of the Upper Brahmaputra Valley in the Indian state of Assam has resulted in the transformation of its once-contiguous lowland rainforests into many isolated forest fragments that are still rich in species, including primates. We report the recent history and current status of six diurnal primates in one large (2,098 ha) and three small (<500 ha) fragments of the Upper Brahmaputra Valley. We censused primates in the small fragments during 2002, 2005, 2009, in the large fragment in 2008, and used other published census data to derive population trends. We also used key informant surveys to obtain historical occurrence data for these populations. Our analyses reveal the recent extinction of some populations and the simultaneous long-term persistence of others in these fragments over 16 years. Most populations appeared to have declined in the small fragments but primate abundance has increased significantly in the largest fragment over the last decade. Addressing the biomass needs of the local human populations, which appears to drive habitat degradation, and better protection of these forests, will be crucial in ensuring the future survival of this diverse and unique primate assemblage in the last rainforest fragments of the human-dominated Upper Brahmaputra Valley.

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Islam, S. M. N., S. H. Rahman, D. A. Chowdhury, M. M. Rahman, and S. M. Tareq. "Seasonal Variations of Arsenic in the Ganges and Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7820.

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Dissolved arsenic concentrations in the Ganges, Brahmaputra Rivers and confluence of these two rivers show important seasonal variations and maximum arsenic concentrations are observed during the monsoon season (July–October). These seasonal variations of dissolved arsenic concentrations were closely related to intense river-water discharge during the monsoon season with high arsenic-rich suspended particulate matter (SPM) loads. These arsenic-rich SPM mainly are primarily originated from erosion of agricultural land in upstream region irrigated with arsenic contaminated shallow groundwater and to some extent weathering of bed rocks. Considerable amount of iron and manganese enriched SPM adsorbs arsenic and increased water temperature in the summer accelerates microbially-mediated reduction of arsenic (V) to more soluble arsenic (III). Additionally, dissolution of solid arsenic-bearing mineral phases also attributes to high arsenic concentrations in water and causes seasonal variations. It is realized that the SPM of these two major rivers primarily controls the arsenic inputs into the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta system. The cycling of arsenic in this delta is related to the monsoon seasonal dynamics, land use patterns and biogeochemical processes.Keywords: Arsenic; Ganges; Brahmaputra; Seasonal variation; Bangladesh.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7820J. Sci. Res. 4 (1), 65-75 (2012)

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Luxem, Katja E., and Vivian S. Lin. "Research highlights: modelling to assess climate change impacts and promote development." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 8 (2015): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em90029h.

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This highlight features four recent publications on an ESPA project in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) delta system, emphasizing their balance between fundamental questions and user-oriented outputs.

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Darby, Stephen E., Frances E. Dunn, Robert J. Nicholls, Munsur Rahman, and Liam Riddy. "A first look at the influence of anthropogenic climate change on the future delivery of fluvial sediment to the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 9 (2015): 1587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em00252d.

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We employ a climate-driven hydrological water balance and sediment transport model (HydroTrend) to simulate future climate-driven sediment loads flowing into the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) mega-delta.

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Kay, S., J. Caesar, J. Wolf, L. Bricheno, R. J. Nicholls, A. K. M. Saiful Islam, A. Haque, A. Pardaens, and J. A. Lowe. "Modelling the increased frequency of extreme sea levels in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta due to sea level rise and other effects of climate change." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 7 (2015): 1311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4em00683f.

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Islam, MS, T. Datta, IJ Ema, MH Kabir, and NT Meghla. "Investigation of water quality from the Brahmaputra river in Sherpur district." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 28, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v28i1.26242.

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The study was conducted to determine the status of physico-chemical parameters of the Brahmaputra river water in Sherpur district and also to assess the monthly variation of the river water. To perform the study the samples were collected from five different stations during the period of December 2013 to May 2014. Various water quality parameters such as transparency, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), hardness and alkalinity were examined. The study revealed that a slightly variation in water quality at different stations of the river. The mean value of transparency (42.21 cm), temperature (23.38oC), EC (351.12 ?s/cm), TDS (178.54 mg/l), pH (7.75), DO (4.47 mg/l), BOD (1.02 mg/l), hardness (82.36 mg/l) and alkalinity (98.63 mg/l) showed that the present status of the Brahmaputra river water is suitable for all aquatic lives, domestic and agricultural uses. Although the overall status of the river water quality is suitable, degradation was detected in few points which might be due to anthropogenic activities, especially the direct discharge of domestic effluents into river. Thus, necessary initiatives should be taken against such anthropogenic activities to maintain the overall water quality of the Brahmaputra river for its sustainable use.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(1): 35-41, June-2015

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Hasson, S., V. Lucarini, and S. Pascale. "Hydrological cycle over South and Southeast Asian river basins as simulated by PCMDI/CMIP3 experiments." Earth System Dynamics 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2013): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-199-2013.

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Abstract. We investigate how the climate models contributing to the PCMDI/CMIP3 dataset describe the hydrological cycle over four major South and Southeast Asian river basins (Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong) for the 20th, 21st (13 models) and 22nd (10 models) centuries. For the 20th century, some models do not seem to conserve water at the river basin scale up to a good degree of approximation. The simulated precipitation minus evaporation (P − E), total runoff (R) and precipitation (P) quantities are neither consistent with the observations nor among the models themselves. Most of the models underestimate P − E for all four river basins, which is mainly associated with the underestimation of precipitation. This is in agreement with the recent results on the biases of the representation of monsoonal dynamics by GCMs. Overall, a modest inter-model agreement is found only for the evaporation and inter-annual variability of P − E. For the 21st and 22nd centuries, models agree on the negative (positive) changes of P − E for the Indus basin (Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mekong basins). Most of the models foresee an increase in the inter-annual variability of P − E for the Ganges and Mekong basins, thus suggesting an increase in large low-frequency dry/wet events. Instead, no considerable future change in the inter-annual variability of P − E is found for the Indus and Brahmaputra basins.

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Dangwal, DhirendraDatt. "The Unquiet River: a biography of the Brahmaputra." Conservation and Society 18, no. 3 (2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_20_40.

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Kuehl, Steven A., Beth M. Levy, Willard S. Moore, and Mead A. Allison. "Subaqueous delta of the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system." Marine Geology 144, no. 1-3 (December 1997): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-3227(97)00075-3.

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Chaube, Umesh C. "Water conflict resolution in the Ganga‐Brahmaputra basin." International Journal of Water Resources Development 6, no. 2 (June 1990): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629008722456.

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Raushon, N. A., M. G. S. Riar, Sku Sonia, R. P. Mondal, and M. S. Haq. "Fish biodiversity of the old Brahmaputra river, Mymensingh." Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 13, no. 1 (2017): 1109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jbar.130117.135.

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48

Sarker, Maminul H., Colin R. Thorne, M. Nazneen Aktar, and Md Ruknul Ferdous. "Morpho-dynamics of the Brahmaputra–Jamuna River, Bangladesh." Geomorphology 215 (June 2014): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.025.

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Sarma, Jogendra Nath, Shukla Acharjee, and Beniamino Murgante. "Morphotectonic study of the Brahmaputra basin using geoinformatics." Journal of the Geological Society of India 86, no. 3 (September 2015): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12594-015-0318-0.

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50

Bernholz, Charles D. "Sustainable Development of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Basins." Journal of Government Information 30, no. 1 (January 2004): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgi.2004.03.004.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Brahmaputra'

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