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Academic literature on the topic 'Brahmi script'
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Journal articles on the topic "Brahmi script"
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PANDEY, Krishna Kumar, and Smita JHA. "Tracing the Identity and Ascertaining the Nature of Brahmi-derived Devanagari Script." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 9, no. 1 (2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.9.1.59-73.
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Current research exploits the orthographic design of Brahmi-derived scripts (also called Indic scripts), particularly the Devanagari script. Earlier works on orthographic nature of Brahmi-derived scripts fail to create a consensus among epigraphists, historians or linguists, and thus have been identified by various names, like semi-syllabic, subsyllabic, semi-alphabetic, alphasyllabary or abugida. On the contrary, this paper argues that Brahmi-derived scripts should not be categorized as scripts with overlapping features of alphabetic and syllabic properties as these scripts are neither alphabetic nor syllabic. Historical evolution and linguistic properties of Indic scripts, particularly Devanagari, ascertain the need for a new categorization of its own and, thus preferably merit a unique descriptor. This paper investigates orthographic characteristics of the Brahmi-derived Devanagari script, current trends in research pertaining to the Devanagari script along with other Indic scripts and the implications of these findings for literacy development in Indic writing systems.
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Singh, Ajay Pratap, and Ashwin Kumar Kushwaha. "Analysis of Segmentation Methods for Brahmi Script." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 39, no. 2 (2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.39.2.13615.
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 Segmentation is an important step for developing any optical character recognition (OCR) system, which has to be redesigned for each script having, non-uniform nature/property. It is used to decompose the image into its sub-units, which act as a basis for character recognition. Brahmi is a non-cursive ancient script, in which characters are not attached to each other and have some spacing between them. This study analyses various segmentation methods for different scripts to develop the best suitable segmentation method for Brahmi. MATLAB software was used for segmentation purpose in the experiment. The sample data belongs to Brahmi script-based ‘Rumandei inscription’. In this paper, we discuss a segmentation methodology for distinct components, namely text lines, words and characters of Rumandei inscription, written in Brahmi script. For segmenting distinct components of inscription different approach were used like horizontal projection profile, vertical projection profile and Relative minima approach. This is fundamental research on an inscription based on Brahmi script, which acts as a foundation for developing a segmentation module of an OCR solution/system of similar scripts in future. Information search and retrieval is an important activity of a library. So, to ensure this support for digitised documents written in ancient script, their character recognition is mandatory through the OCR system.
 
 
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Sproat, Richard. "Brahmi-derived scripts, script layout, and segmental awareness." Written Language and Literacy 9, no. 1 (2006): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.9.1.05spr.
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In earlier work (Sproat 2000), I characterized the layout of symbols in a script in terms of a calculus involving two dimensional catenation operators: I claimed that leftwards, rightwards, upwards, downwards and surrounding catenation are sufficient to describe the layout of any script. In the first half of this paper I analyze four Indic alphasyllabaries — Devanagari, Oriya, Kannada and Tamil — in terms of this model. A crucial claim is that despite the complexities of layout in alphasyllabic scripts, they are essentially no different in nature than alphabetic scripts, such as Latin. The second part of the paper explores implications of this view for theories of phonology and human processing of orthography. Apparently problematic is evidence that “phonemic awareness” — the ability for literate speakers to manipulate sounds consciously at the phoneme level — is much stronger with alphabetic scripts, than with alphasyllabaries. But phonemic awareness is not categorically absent for readers of Indic scripts; in general, how aware a reader is of a particular phoneme is related to how that phoneme is rendered in the script. Relevant factors appear to include whether the symbol is written inline, whether it is a diacritic, and whether it is ligatured with another symbol.
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Fedorova, Liudmila L. "The development of structural characteristics of Brahmi script in derivative writing systems." Written Language and Literacy 15, no. 1 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.15.1.01fed.
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Indian writing systems reveal a great variety of graphic forms, proceeding from the unique source which is Brahmi script. These graphic forms render structural oppositions developed in phonographic writing systems which stem from Brahmi. This paper aims to highlight the changes scripts underwent to satisfy demands of language structure. The comparison raises the issue of the complexity of writing systems. Keywords: writing system; grapheme; typology; Brahmi; abugida; alphasyllabary; akshara; diacritic; graphon; vowel differentiation
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Coningham, R. A. E., F. R. Allchin, C. M. Batt, and D. Lucy. "Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 6, no. 1 (1996): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300001608.
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The island of Sri Lanka, situated off the tip of southern India, is often perceived as the recipient of material culture diffused from more northerly regions. This article counters this model by suggesting that Sri Lanka may have played a pivotal role in the development of Brahmi, South Asia's earliest readable script. Sherds inscribed with this script, recently found at Anuradhapura, with dates of the beginning of the fourth century BC, now represent its earliest dated examples anywhere in the subcontinent. By analyzing the sherds' archaeological and scriptural context it presents a tentative mechanism for Brahmi's development and spread through South Asia and concludes by discussing the dynamic relationships between scripts, langtiage, material culture and ethnic division within Sri Lanka.
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A, Soumya, and G. Hemantha Kumar. "Performance Analysis of Random Forests with SVM and KNN in Classification of Ancient Kannada Scripts." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 9 (2014): 4907–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i9.2392.
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Ancient inscriptions which reveal the details of yester years are difficult to interpret by modern readers and efforts are being made in automating such tasks of deciphering historical records. The Kannada script which is used to write in Kannada language has gradually evolved from the ancient script known as Brahmi. Kannada script has traveled a long way from the earlier Brahmi model and has undergone a number of changes during the regimes of Ashoka, Shatavahana, Kadamba, Ganga, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, Hoysala , Vijayanagara and Wodeyar dynasties. In this paper we discuss on Classification of ancient Kannada Scripts during three different periods Ashoka, Kadamba and Satavahana. A reconstructed grayscale ancient Kannada epigraph image is input, which is binarized using Otsu’s method. Normalized Central and Zernike Moment features are extracted for classification. The RF Classifier designed is tested on handwritten base characters belonging to Ashoka, Satavahana and Kadamba dynasties. For each dynasty, 105 handwritten samples with 35 base characters are considered. The classification rates for the training and testing base characters from Satavahana period, for varying number of trees and thresholds of RF are determined. Finally a Comparative analysis of the Classification rates is made for the designed RF with SVM and k-NN classifiers, for the ancient Kannada base characters from 3 different eras Ashoka, Kadamba and Satavahana period.
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CHOKSI, NISHAANT. "From Language to Script: Graphic practice and the politics of authority in Santali-language print media, eastern India." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 5 (2017): 1519–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000470.
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AbstractThis article discusses the way in which assemblages of technologies, political institutions, and practices of exchange have rendered both language and script a site for an ongoing politics of authority among Santals, an Austro-Asiatic speaking Adivasi (Scheduled Tribe) community spread throughout eastern India. It focuses particularly on the production of Santali-language print artefacts, which, like its dominant language counterparts, such as Bengali, has its roots in colonial-era Christian missions. However, unlike dominant languages, Santali-language media has been characterized by the use of multiple graphic registers, including a missionary-derived Roman script, Indic scripts such as Devanagari and Eastern Brahmi, and an independently derived script, Ol-Chiki. The article links the history of Santali print and graphic practice with assertions of autonomy in colonial and early post-colonial India. It then ethnographically documents how graphic practices, in particular the use of multiple scripts, and print technologies mediate a contemporary politics of authority along vectors such as class and generation within communities that speak and read Santali in the eastern state of West Bengal, India.
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S, Dhivya, and Usha Devi G. "TAMIZHİ: Historical Tamil-Brahmi Script Recognition Using CNN and MobileNet." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 3 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3402891.
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Computational epigraphy is the study of an ancient script where the computer science and mathematical model is relatively built for epigraphy. The Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions are the most ancient of the extant written of the Tamil. The inscriptions furnish valuable information on many aspects of life in the ancient Tamil country from a period anterior to the literary age of Sangam. The recognition of the script and systematic analysis of the script is required. The recognition of this script is complex, containing various curves for a single character and the style of writing overlap with curves and lines. Generating corpus of the script is necessary, since it is the initial step for computational epigraphy. The archaeological department has supported the raw data that helped to develop a corpus of Tamizhi. In this article, we have implemented a convolution neural network in various ways, i.e., (i) Training the CNN model from scratch a Softmax classifier in a sequential model (ii) using MobileNet: Transfer learning paradigm from a pre-trained model on a Tamizhi dataset (iii) Building Model with CNN and SVM (iv) SVM for evaluation of best accuracy to recognize handwritten Brahmi characters. To train the CNN Model an extensive TAMIZHİ handwritten Brahmi Dataset of 1lakh and 90,000 isolated samples for the character has been created and deployed. The designed dataset consists of 9 vowels and 18 consonants and 209 class so researchers can use machine learning. MobileNet outperformed among all the models implemented with the accuracy of 68.3%, whereas other algorithm ranges from 58% to 67% with respect to the Tamizhi dataset. MobileNet model is trained and tested for the dataset of vowels (8 class), consonants (18 class), and consonants vowels (26 class) with the accuracy of 98.1%, 97.7%, 97.5%, respectively.
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de Voogt, Alexander J. "The Meroitic script and the understanding of alpha-syllabic writing." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 73, no. 1 (2010): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0999036x.
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AbstractAt the time of its decipherment by Griffith (1911), the Meroitic writing system was considered an alphabet. This alphabet was found to have a rather limited vowel notation. It was not until 1970 that the system was understood to have a more complex vowel notation. This system of vowel notation is comparable to what is found in an alpha-syllabary, a term used to describe the scripts of the Indian sub-continent, such as Brahmi and Devanagari. Since alpha-syllabaries were rare when the Meroitic writing system was in use (c. 200 bce–c. 500 ad), it is tempting to suggest a possible historical connection between the Meroitic kingdom in Sudan and the then existent scripts in India. A systematic analysis, as opposed to a description of alpha-syllabic writing, indicates that the structure of this type of script is less regionally confined. Rather, it places Meroitic writing among scripts that were created in the presence of alphabetic writing both in modern and in ancient times.
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Acharya, Eka Ratna. "Ranjana Numeral System: A Brief Information." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (2018): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20370.
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The Ranjana script, which is also known as Kutila or Lantsa, is one of the many alphabets derived from the Brahmi script. This numesmetic inscription was developed 2216 years ago, so its time period was along the 199 BC and it was popular from 11th century AD and was used until the mid-20th century in Nepal and India. It is popularly used by Nepali in the Newari language. This script also known as Lantsa, for writing the Sanskrit titles of books which have been translated from Sanskrit to Tibetan for decoration in temples and mandalas. There were few texts printed with alternating lines in Sanskrit in the Lantsa script followed by a Tibetan translation. There were many original Sanskrit manuscripts written in Lantsa preserved in Newar community in Nepal. Others were destroyed lack of its preservation. In addition, the Ranjana script was used mainly for decoration by Buddhists.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 221-224