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Journal articles on the topic 'Brain Alcoholism Alcohol'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Lishman, W. A. "Alcohol and the Brain." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 5 (1990): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.5.635.

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Some of the major effects of alcohol, and alcoholism, on the brain are reviewed, with reappraisal of evidence drawn from brain imaging, neuropathology, clinical psychology, and laboratory experimental work. A hypothesis is developed which may help to account for the wide variability encountered in individual susceptibility to alcoholic brain damage and its varied manifestations. Therapeutic implications are considered.

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Le Berre, A. P., G. Rauchs, R. La Joie, et al. "Impaired decision-making and brain shrinkage in alcoholism." European Psychiatry 29, no. 3 (2014): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.10.002.

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AbstractAlcohol-dependent individuals usually favor instant gratification of alcohol use and ignore its long-term negative consequences, reflecting impaired decision-making. According to the somatic marker hypothesis, decision-making abilities are subtended by an extended brain network. As chronic alcohol consumption is known to be associated with brain shrinkage in this network, the present study investigated relationships between brain shrinkage and decision-making impairments in alcohol-dependent individuals early in abstinence using voxel-based morphometry. Thirty patients performed the Io

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Kashem, Mohammed Abul, Omar Šerý, David V. Pow, Benjamin D. Rowlands, Caroline D. Rae, and Vladimir J. Balcar. "Actions of Alcohol in Brain: Genetics, Metabolomics, GABA Receptors, Proteomics and Glutamate Transporter GLAST/EAAT1." Current Molecular Pharmacology 14, no. 2 (2020): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666200424155244.

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We present an overview of genetic, metabolomic, proteomic and neurochemical studies done mainly in our laboratories that could improve prediction, mechanistic understanding and possibly extend to diagnostics and treatment of alcoholism and alcohol addiction. Specific polymorphisms in genes encoding for interleukins 2 and 6, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), monaminooxidase B (MAO B) and several other enzymes were identified as associated with altered risks of alcoholism in humans. A polymorphism in the gene for BDNF has been linked to the risk of developing deficiences in colour vision som

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Ragan, Paul W., Charles K. Singleton, and Peter R. Martin. "Brain Injury Associated With Chronic Alcoholism." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 1 (1999): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900011226.

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AbstractAlcoholism can result in a number of severe consequences to the central nervous system, including Korsakoff's psychosis, delusions, delirium, Wernicke's encephalopathy, and cerebellar degeneration. Many of these disorders have a substantially higher prevalence than had been previously believed. Neuropathologic and neuroimaging studies have been instrumental in identifying the changes undergone by the alcoholic brain and the factors that may contribute to alcohol-induced brain damage. Biologic differences appear to make women especially susceptible to central nervous system insult from

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Hayakawa, K., H. Kumagai, Y. Suzuki, et al. "Mr Imaging of Chronic Alcoholism." Acta Radiologica 33, no. 3 (1992): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519203300302.

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We evaluated the brain lesions of patients with chronic alcoholism (n = 34) in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 40) by MR imaging. T1-weighted sagittal and axial images and T2-weighted axial images were obtained with a 0.5 T superconducting MR unit. Various brain measurements were then performed, and the presence of regions of abnormal signal intensity was also compared between the two groups. The brain measurements revealed significant cerebral atrophy (characterized by lateral and 3rd ventricular dilatation, and widening of the interhemispheric fissure) as well as significa

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Shri, T. K. Padma, and N. Sriraam. "EEG Based Detection of Alcoholics." International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 1, no. 1 (2012): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2012010105.

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The short term and long term effects of alcohol on various organs of the body, especially on the human brain is well established by numerous studies. Invasive methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and non invasive imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and functional MRI activated electro-encephalogram (EEG) have been used to study the changes in EEG activity due to alcoholism. Even with the advent of neuro imaging techniques, EEG happens to be an important tool for brain study providing a non

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Brenner, Eric, Gayatri R. Tiwari, Manav Kapoor, Yunlong Liu, Amy Brock, and R. Dayne Mayfield. "Single cell transcriptome profiling of the human alcohol-dependent brain." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 7 (2020): 1144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddaa038.

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Abstract Alcoholism remains a prevalent health concern throughout the world. Previous studies have identified transcriptomic patterns in the brain associated with alcohol dependence in both humans and animal models. But none of these studies have systematically investigated expression within the unique cell types present in the brain. We utilized single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to examine the transcriptomes of over 16 000 nuclei isolated from the prefrontal cortex of alcoholic and control individuals. Each nucleus was assigned to one of seven major cell types by unsupervised clusteri

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Kuruoglu, Asli Çepik, Zehra Arikan, Gülin Vural, Metin Karataş, Mehmet Araç, and Erdal Işik. "Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography in Chronic Alcoholism." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 3 (1996): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.3.348.

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BackgroundWe examined the functional and structural cerebral changes in chronic alcoholics, analysing their association with personality features and alcohol drinking habits.MethodForty patients with alcohol dependency, including 15 with antisocial personality disorder (ASP) as defined in DSM–III–R and 10 age and sex matched healthy controls were studied after termination of withdrawal symptoms, using high resolution single photon emission tomography (SPECT), cranial computerised tomography (CT) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP).ResultsWe found significant reductions in regional

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Jacobson, R. R., and W. A. Lishman. "Cortical and diencephalic lesions in Korsakoff's syndrome: a clinical and scan study." Psychological Medicine 20, no. 1 (1990): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700013234.

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SYNOPSISTwenty-five male alcoholic Korsakoff patients were compared with age and sex-matched non-Korsakoff chronic alcoholics and healthy volunteers on clinical and CT brain scan parameters. The scans were assessed by planimetry, visual grading procedures and computerized analysis. Reliable measures of third ventricular size were developed.The Korsakoff patients had wider third ventricles, larger lateral ventricles and wider interhemispheric fissures than the comparison groups; but sulcal and Sylvian fissure widths were equivalent in Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics.The results suggest t

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Koob, George F., and Amanda J. Roberts. "Brain Reward Circuits in Alcoholism." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 1 (1999): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900011196.

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AbstractThis article discusses the neurocircuitry and the neurochemical systems, as well as the molecular elements within these systems, that are believed to be important in the etiology of alcoholism. Alcoholism is a complex behavioral disorder characterized by excessive consumption of alcohol; a narrowing of the behavioral repertoire toward excessive consumption; the development of tolerance and dependence; and impairment in social and occupational functioning. Animal models of the complete syndrome of alcoholism are difficult if not impossible to achieve, but validated animal models exist f

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Dujmovic, Irena, Jelena Vitas, Natasa Zlataric, and Jelena Drulovic. "Central pontine myelinolysis in a chronic alcoholic: A clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging follow-up." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 8 (2013): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1308785d.

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Introduction. Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a noninflammatory, demyelinating lesion usually localised in the basis pontis. Chronic alcoholism is frequently associated with this condition which may have a variable clinical outcome. Until now, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up in alcoholic CPM cases after alcohol withdrawal has been rarely described. Case report. We reported a 30- year-old male with a 12-year history of alcohol abuse, who presented with inability to stand and walk, nausea, vomiting and somnolence. Neurological examination revealed: impared fixation on late

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Jacobson, R. R. "Alcoholism, Korsakoff’s Syndrome and the Frontal Lobes." Behavioural Neurology 2, no. 1 (1989): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1989/847937.

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A subset of the diffuse cerebral changes and psychometric deficits found in chronic alcoholics is similar to that seen in the frontal lobe syndrome. Certain features of alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome (AKS) also point to cortical involvement, and this may have a basis in alcohol neurotoxicity. Twenty-five patients with AKS and 24 non-Korsakoff alcoholic controls were compared using an automated CT brain scan program. In addition to evidence of their diencephalic lesions (wide third ventricles), AKS patients revealed widespread cerebral damage with greater Sylvian and interhemispheric fissure (I

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Silva, Cristiane Iozzi, Paulo Cézar Novais, Andressa Romualdo Rodrigues, et al. "Expression of NMDA receptor and microRNA-219 in rats submitted to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 75, no. 1 (2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160188.

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ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption aggravates injuries caused by ischemia. Many molecular mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, including neurotransmitter expression, which is regulated by microRNAs. Objective: To evaluate the microRNA-219 and NMDA expression in brain tissue and blood of animals subjected to cerebral ischemia associated with alcoholism. Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were divided into groups: control, sham, ischemic, alcoholic, and ischemic plus alcoholic. The expression of microRNA-219 and NMDA were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: When compared to the

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Victor, Maurice. "Alcoholic Dementia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 21, no. 2 (1994): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710004899x.

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Abstract:At least four distinct cerebral diseases — Wernicke-Korsakoff, Marchiafava-Bignami, pellagrous encephalopathy, and acquired hepatocerebral degeneration — have a close association with chronic alcoholism. Each is characterized by a distinctive pathologic change and a reasonably wellestablished pathogenesis; in each the role of alcohol in the causation is secondary. The question posed in this review is whether there is, in addition to the established types of dementia associated with alcoholism, a persistent dementia attributable to the direct toxic effects of alcohol on the brain — i.e

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Heinz, A., A. Beck, S. Q. Park, L. Deserno, and F. Schlagenhauf. "Reward-Related Learning in Alcoholism." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73717-8.

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The disposition and maintenance of alcohol addiction has been associated with dysfunctional learning, particularly with increased salience attribution to alcohol-associated stimuli and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer, which establishes an effect of alcohol-associated cues on operant alcohol seeking and consumption. Previous imaging studies showed that dopamine dysfunction in the ventral striatum is associated with increased brain activation elicited by alcohol-associated cues in brain areas associated with attention. Furthermore, brain activation elicited by non-alcohol (e.g. monetary) rewa

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Solonsky, A., T. Shushpanova, V. Semke, and N. Bokhan. "Neuromorphologic and neurochemical regularities of prenatal exposure of developing human brain to alcohol." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71817-x.

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ObjectiveTo identify neuromorphologic and neurochemical patterns of prenatal exposure to alcohol of developing brain of man as risk factor for development of mental pathology in offspring of mothers with alcoholism.MethodsWe studied brains of embryos and fetuses (7–12 weeks). There were obtained 53 embryos: 23 - from alcoholics and 30 - from healthy women. Age of patients was 26–39 years, disease duration - from 3 to 13 years. All cases were diagnosed with stage II alcoholism (F 10.201; F 10.202). To evaluate the properties of benzodiazepine receptors in brains of embryos sinaptoneurosomas we

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Harper, Clive. "The neurotoxicity of alcohol." Human & Experimental Toxicology 26, no. 3 (2007): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107070499.

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Patterns of drinking are changing throughout the world and in many countries this will be detrimental to the health and welfare of the local population. Even uncomplicated alcoholics who have no specific neurological or hepatic problems show signs of regional brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Many of these changes are exaggerated and other brain regions damaged in patients who have additional vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). Quantitative neuropathology techniques and improvements in neuroimaging have contributed significantly to the documentation of these c

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Crabbe, J. "Alcohol and Alcoholism: Effects on Brain and Development." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61, no. 3 (2000): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2000.61.484.

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Lee, Moon H. "Alcohol and Alcoholism: Effects on Brain and Development." Trends in Neurosciences 23, no. 1 (2000): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01441-1.

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Feeney, A. "Alcohol and Alcoholism -- Effects of Brain and Development." Alcohol and Alcoholism 35, no. 2 (2000): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/35.2.216.

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Ceccanti, Marco, Maurizio Inghilleri, Maria Luisa Attilia, et al. "Deep TMS on alcoholics: effects on cortisolemia and dopamine pathway modulation. A pilot study." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 93, no. 4 (2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0188.

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The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and dopamine have a key role in transition from alcohol social use to addiction. The medial prefrontal cortex was shown to modulate dopaminergic activity and cortisol releasing factor (CRF) release in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic systems. The recent advancements in non-invasive neurostimulation technologies has enabled stimulation of deeper brain regions using H-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in humans. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study aims to evaluate H-coil efficacy in stimulating the medial prefrontal co

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Wang, Shao-Cheng, Yuan-Chuan Chen, Shaw-Ji Chen, Chun-Hung Lee, and Ching-Ming Cheng. "Alcohol Addiction, Gut Microbiota, and Alcoholism Treatment: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 6413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176413.

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Alcohol addiction is a leading risk factor for personal death and disability. In 2016, alcohol use caused 2.2% of female deaths and 6.8% of male deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were 2.3% in female and 8.9% in male. Individuals with alcohol use disorder are at high risk of anxiety, depression, impaired cognition performance, and illicit drug use and are comorbid with liver disease, such as alcoholic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, which is a major cause of personal death and disability worldwide. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavior therapy and motivational

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Sreemathyamma, Sunilkumar B., Prasanth Asher, Palamkunnil T. Baburaj, et al. "Post head injury neurobehavioral sequelae: severity among alcoholics." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 10 (2020): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20204143.

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Background: Alcohol use and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are closely linked public health problems. Alcohol intoxication is one of the major risk factor for TBI, and is a main determinant of prognosis in terms of mortality and functional outcome. The aim of the study is to find out the impact of alcoholism in the neurobehavioral outcome following TBI.Methods: A total of 150 head injury patients were divided into two groups: alcoholics and non-alcoholics, and evaluated between six weeks to one year after injury using the revised neurobehavioral rating scale by Levin et al (NRS-R) for the evalua

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Nutt, David. "Alcohol and the brain." British Journal of Psychiatry 175, no. 2 (1999): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.175.2.114.

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BackgroundAlcohol misuse, as well as being a major form of psychiatric morbidity, is also commonly associated with other psychiatric disorders. A greater understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of alcohol is now possible, thanks to significant research advances made over the past decade.AimsTo elucidate for psychiatrists the growing knowledge of the importance of specific neurotransmitter interactions in the effects of alcohol.MethodA survey of the literature, extracting current knowledge of interest to psychiatrists.ResultsThere is good evidence that the acute eff

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Mayock, Dennis E., Dana Ness, Robin L. Mondares, and Christine A. Gleason. "Binge alcohol exposure in the second trimester attenuates fetal cerebral blood flow response to hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 3 (2007): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00956.2006.

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Alcohol is detrimental to the developing brain and remains the leading cause of mental retardation in developed countries. The mechanism of alcohol brain damage remains elusive. Studies of neurological problems in adults have focused on alcohol's cerebrovascular effects, because alcoholism is a major risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular injuries. However, few studies have examined similar cerebrovascular effects of fetal alcohol exposure. We examined the effect of chronic binge alcohol exposure during the second trimester on fetal cerebrovascular and metabolic responses to hypoxia in nea

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Peng, Hu, Xing Qin, Sainan Chen, et al. "Parkin deficiency accentuates chronic alcohol intake-induced tissue injury and autophagy defects in brain, liver and skeletal muscle." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 52, no. 6 (2020): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmaa041.

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Abstract Alcoholism leads to organ injury including mitochondrial defect and apoptosis with evidence favoring a role for autophagy dysregulation in alcoholic damage. Parkin represents an autosomal recessive inherited gene for Parkinson’s disease and an important member of selective autophagy for mitochondria. The association between Parkinson’s disease and alcoholic injury remains elusive. This study aimed to examine the effect of parkin deficiency on chronic alcohol intake-induced organ injury in brain, liver and skeletal muscle (rectus femoris muscle). Adult parkin-knockout (PRK−/−) and wild

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Pfefferbaum, Adolf. "Alcoholism damages the brain, but does moderate alcohol use?" Lancet Neurology 3, no. 3 (2004): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(04)00676-3.

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Sher, Leo. "Alcohol and Suicide: Neurobiological and Clinical Aspects." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.146.

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Alcohol, primarily in the form of ethyl alcohol (ethanol), has occupied an important place in the history of humankind for at least 8,000 years. In most Western societies, at least 90% of people consume alcohol at some time during their lives, and 30% or more of drinkers develop alcohol-related problems. Severe alcohol-related life impairment, alcohol dependence (alcoholism), is observed at some time during their lives in about 10% of men and 3—5% of women. An additional 5—10% of each sex develops persistent, but less intense, problems that are diagnosed as alcohol abuse. It this review, neuro

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Potupchik, T. V., O. F. Veselova, and I. V. Gatskikh. "Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of nootropics use in people with alcohol dependence." Medical alphabet 2, no. 19 (2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-2-19(394)-37-41.

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In the pharmacotherapy of chronic alcoholism a significant place is given to nootropic drugs. Currently, neurodegenerative processes are associated with the activity of various neurotrophic factors of the brain and neuropeptides. An important advantage of the use of neuropeptide drugs (cerebrolysin, semax, cortexin) in the treatment of chronic alcoholism is that they have an organ-specific multimodal effect on the brain: provide metabolic regulation, neuroprotection, functional neuromodulation and neurotrophic activity. They are recommended for relief of acute withdrawal syndrome, as well as i

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Spanagel, Rainer. "Alcoholism: A Systems Approach From Molecular Physiology to Addictive Behavior." Physiological Reviews 89, no. 2 (2009): 649–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00013.2008.

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Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous cost to these societies. The World Health Organization ranks alcohol as one of the primary causes of the global burden of disease in industrialized countries. Alcohol-related diseases, especially alcoholism, are the result of cumulative responses to alcohol exposure, the genetic make-up of an individual, and the environmental perturbations over time. This complex gene × environment interaction, which has to be seen in a l

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Golovin, N. A., V. M. Sereda, E. I. Krasnoshiekova, A. D. Kharazova, and N. I. Pautova. "THE MEDICAL SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL DEVIATION OF WOMEN AND PSYCHIC BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN." Sociology of Medicine 16, no. 1 (2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2017-16-1-23-27.

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The social crisis of the end of XX century in Russia negatively impacted psycho-emotional condition of society and provoked increasing of drug addiction and alcoholism among population. The article applies inter-disciplinary position analyzing relationship between severe social psychological atmosphere of those years and mental, behavioral disorders in generation of children caused by alcohol abuse in generation of parents, especially mothers. The dynamics is presented concerning social mood of society, level of female alcoholism, nervous diseases morbidity of children. The mental and neurolog

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Akgun, Omer. "Determination of the Appropriate Kernel Structure in Electroencephalography Analysis of Alcoholic Subjects." Traitement du Signal 37, no. 4 (2020): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.370404.

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Alcoholism is one of the major health problems in the world. The organ most affected by alcohol is the brain. It has been shown that alcohol causes neuronal loss in the brain and reduces brain blood flow and oxygen use. Electroencephalography is a method that measures the instantaneous electrical activity of the brain. It is known that valuable information can be obtained by observing the biological effects of alcohol through EEG. As their methods of signal processing and analysis have evolved, Electroencephalography signals have attracted the attention of researchers in this field. In this st

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Ho, Allen L., Anne-Mary N. Salib, Arjun V. Pendharkar, Eric S. Sussman, William J. Giardino, and Casey H. Halpern. "The nucleus accumbens and alcoholism: a target for deep brain stimulation." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 2 (2018): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.5.focus18157.

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a difficult to treat condition with a significant global public health and cost burden. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in AUD and identified as an ideal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS). There are promising preclinical animal studies of DBS for alcohol consumption as well as some initial human clinical studies that have shown some promise at reducing alcohol-related cravings and, in some instances, achieving long-term abstinence. In this review, the authors discuss the evidence and concepts supporting the role of the NAc in AUD, summarize t

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Соколик, E. Sokolik, Егоров, and A. Egorov. "Pharmacological Modulation of Compensatory Mechanisms Energy Metabolism in the Brain of Prenatal Alcoholic Animals." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 3 (2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5898.

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The studies have shown that drinking alcohol by woman during pregnancy can lead not only to a full fetal alcohol syndrome, but also causes less severe dysmorphic, cognitive and behavioral disordersl, i.e. fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, leads to low birth weight, fetal death, and other complications of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of neuroprotective drugs tiocetam, cerebrocurin and piracetam on the marks of thin elements of energy metabolism and compensatory shunts in the brain of animals early age undergoing prenatal alcoholism. In pregna

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Noël, Xavier, Antoine Bechara, Damien Brevers, Paul Verbanck, and Salvatore Campanella. "Alcoholism and the Loss of Willpower." Journal of Psychophysiology 24, no. 4 (2010): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000037.

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Like other addictions, alcoholism reflects the continuation of alcohol use despite negative consequences (e.g., an ulcer or family problems made worse by alcohol consumption). Recent cognitive theories suggest that optimal information processing related to the capacity to make decisions under uncertainty conditions is impaired either prior to the initiation of alcohol use, or it is related to the consequence of its repeated utilization. In this paper, we suggest that alcoholism may be the product of an imbalance between two separate, but interacting, cognitive registers that contribute to deci

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Vale, Benjamim, Juçara Castro, Marx Araújo, Herb Morais, and Lívio Macêdo. "Traumatic Brain Injury Caused by Motor Vehicle Collision and Alcoholism in Piauí." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 37, no. 03 (2016): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1583935.

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Objectives To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), determining these indices, checking acquired comorbidities and characterizing the patients by gender, age and race/color, as well as describing the characteristics of the motor vehicle collision (vehicle, period of the day, day of the week and site) in people admitted to an emergency hospital in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods We have analyzed the data contained in the medical records of patients admitted with a hi

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Ciafrè, Stefania, Valentina Carito, Giampiero Ferraguti, et al. "How alcohol drinking affects our genes: an epigenetic point of view." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 97, no. 4 (2019): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2018-0248.

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This work highlights recent studies in epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in alcoholism, which is a complex multifactorial disorder. There is a large body of evidence showing that alcohol can modify gene expression through epigenetic processes, namely DNA methylation and nucleosomal remodeling via histone modifications. In that regard, chronic exposure to ethanol modifies DNA and histone methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA expression. The alcohol-mediated chromatin remodeling in the brain promotes the transition from use to abuse and addiction. Unravelling the multiplex pattern

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Carvalhão Gil, L., M. Lázaro, A. Ponte, J. Teixeira, H. Prata Ribeiro, and T. Mota. "Treatment of alcoholism – New targets?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1713.

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IntroductionAlcohol use disorders (AUD) is a preventable cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. AUD is a heterogeneous disorder stemming from a complex interaction of neurobiological, genetic, and environmental factors. To achieve treatment effectiveness this heterogenity should be considered, as well as safety.ObjectivesReview mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction in order to work out new, more effective treatment strategies.AimTo update on treatment for alcoholism.MethodsA literature search was performed on PubMed database.ResultsAlcohol dependence is a chronic, relapsing

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Mann, K. "Individualised Pharmacotherapy of Alcoholism." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73719-1.

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Treatment of alcoholism is successful but effect sizes are in the low to moderate range. Heterogeneity of patients entering treatment trials could be one potential explanation. Several attempts have been made to subgroup patient for specific treatment approaches (“matching”). A new approach includes biological data such as pharmacogenetics and neuroimaging for treatment-patient matching.In the PREDICT study (Mann et al., 2009) 426 alcohol-dependent patients were randomized either to placebo, naltrexone or acamprosate. Design and questionnaires were similar to the US COMBINE Study (Anton et al.

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Becker, Howard C. "Alcohol Withdrawal: Neuroadaptation and Sensitization." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 1 (1999): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900011202.

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AbstractRepeated episodes of alcohol withdrawal may exacerbate the severity of future withdrawal occurrences. The progressive intensification of withdrawal symptoms may be manifested as a kindling-like mechanism. This sensitization process may reflect persistent perturbation in excitatory and inhibitory influences on brain function. Relapse is also thought to be affected by the kindling mechanism. Successive alcohol withdrawal experiences may also lead to neurologic damage and cognitive impairments. We review the research findings regarding the alcohol withdrawal kindling hypothesis and the im

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Bokhan, N. A. "Clinical prognosis of associated forms of alcoholism with co-morbid brain impairment." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71723-0.

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ObjectiveIdentification of clinical differences of formation and prognosis of severity of associated forms of alcoholism in relevant variants of co-morbid brain impairment.Material and methodsWith clinical-psychopathological method we examined inpatient samples with stage 2 alcoholism with co-morbid traumatic (group I, n = 105); hypertensive (group II, n = 45) and vertebrogenic (spinal cord artery syndrome) (group III, n = 37) brain impairment. Control - 30 patients with alcoholism without co-morbid pathology.ResultsIn group I alcoholism is forming at early age in persons with pre-morbidly pro

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Airapetov, M. I., S. O. Eresko, A. A. Lebedev, E. R. Bychkov, and P. D. Shabanov. "Involvement of TOLL-like receptors in the neuroimmunology of alcoholism." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 66, no. 3 (2020): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20206603208.

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Alcohol use is a global socially significant problem that remains one of the leading risk factors for disability and premature death. One of the main pathological characteristics of alcoholism is the loss of cognitive control over the amount of consumed alcohol. Growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of neuroimmune communication occurring in the brain during prolonged alcoholization are one of the main mechanisms responsible for the development of this pathology. Ethanol consumption leads to activation of neuroimmune signaling in the central nervous system through many types of Tol

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Liang, Xian-ting, Yan-yan Wang, Xiao-yu Hu, and Shao-bo Wang. "The Protective Effects of Water Extracts of Compound Turmeric Recipe on Acute Alcoholism: An Experimental Research Using a Mouse Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6641919.

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Acute alcoholism (AAI) is a common emergency. Currently, there is a lack of preventive and therapeutic drugs with superior safety and efficacy. Curcuma longa, Panax ginseng, Pueraria lobata, Pueraria flower, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb., which are the components of compound turmeric recipe (CTR), are, respectively, used in China as adjuvant therapeutic agents for AAI and alcoholic liver injury, respectively. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of traditional compound turmeric recipe in anti-inebriation treatment and to identify its underlying mechanisms. The mice were admin

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Virkkunen, M. D. "Serotoninergic findings in habitual violence and impulsivity. A review." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2, no. 3 (1990): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800035110.

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SummarySeveral lines of evidence suggest that there may be abnormal brain serotonin metabolism in habitually biolent and impulsive offenders. These personality disorders are usually connected with early onset, male limited type 2 alcoholism in which one central feature is the abnormal tendency to behave aggressively and impulsively under the influence of alcohol repeatedly. Low CSF 5-HIAA has been found to correlate with familial alcoholism tendencies; paternal alcoholism. Both this and with it the tendency to abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (tendency to low blood glucose nadir) predict t

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Konar, Atheni, and NirmalChandra Sukul. "Extremely dilution of Strychnos Nux vomica mitigates alcohol-induced reduction in enthalpies associated with free water molecules in fish brain." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 17, no. 2 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v17i2.928.

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Background: Alcoholism is a global health problem. Extract of the seeds of Strychnos Nux vomica and its high dilution have long been used in homeopathy for alcohol induced diseases of patients. Alcoholism leads to reduced brain volume. Glial cells like astroglia contain large number of water channel proteins or aquaporin (AQP4) which mediate glial oedema resulting from ethanol intoxication. Nux vomica, a homeopathic drug of plant origin, is known to counteract alcohol effect.  Aim: The objective of this present study is to find out the level of free water molecules in the brain of a tele

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Gilmore, Casey S., and George Fein. "Induced Theta Activity as a Biomarker for a Morbid Effect of Alcoholism on the Brain in Long-Term Abstinent Alcoholics." Journal of Psychophysiology 27, no. 2 (2013): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000089.

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Event-related, target stimulus-phase-locked (evoked) brain activity in both the time and time-frequency (TF) domains (the P3b ERP; evoked theta oscillations) has been shown to be reduced in alcoholics. Recently, studies have suggested that there is alcohol-related information in the non-stimulus-phase-locked (induced) theta TF activity. We applied TF analysis to target stimulus event-related EEG recorded during an oddball task from 41 long-term abstinent alcoholics (LTAA) and 74 nonalcoholic controls (NAC) to investigate the relationship between P3b, evoked theta, and induced theta activity. R

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Airapetov, M. I., S. O. Eresco, A. A. Lebedev, E. R. Bychkov, and P. D. Shabanov. "Ethanol induced increase of fibroblast growth factor 2 mRNA content in emotiogenic brain structures of rats." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 66, no. 5 (2020): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20206605419.

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We studied the effects of acute, subacute, and chronic alcohol treatment of rats on the content of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) mRNA in various brain structures. Results suggest a possible role of FGF2 in the functioning of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. In our experiment, ethanol treatment of rats was accompanied by an increase in the FGF2 mRNA level in the emotiogenic structures of the brain. This effect was blocked by pretreatment of animals with chlorpromazine. This suggests FGF2 involvement in the mechanisms of alcohol dependence and can be considered as a possible diagnostic

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Solonsky, A., T. V. Shushpanova, E. G. Solonskaya, N. A. Bokhan, and S. V. Logvinov. "Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol on the Development of Brain Vessels in Human Embryos and Fetuses." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1052.

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IntroductionHuman embryos are most susceptible to exogenous effects during the first weeks of development.AimStudy the effects of prenatal alcohol intoxication on morphometric measures of developing vessels in the human embryonic and fetal cerebrum.MethodsEmbryos and fetuses (7–12 weeks): 23 obtained from alcoholic women with stage II alcoholism (the experimental group) and 30 from healthy women (the control group). The research involved electron microscopy, computer morphometry, parametric method of variational statistics and Scion software to determine mean vascular cross-sectional area, the

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Kong, Lingmei, Gengpeng Lian, Wenbin Zheng, Huimin Liu, Haidu Zhang, and Ruowei Chen. "Effect of Alcohol on Diffuse Axonal Injury in Rat Brainstem: Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Aquaporin-4 Expression Study." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/798261.

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The aim of this study is to assess the effects of alcohol on traumatic brain injury by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and evaluate aquaporin-4(AQP4) expression changes in rat brainstems following acute alcohol intoxication with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). We further investigated the correlation between the AQP4 expression and DTI in the brain edema. Eighty-five rats were imaged before and after injury at various stages. DTI was used to measure brainstem apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA), with immunostaining being used to determine AQP4 expression. After

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Mukhtar, Hamid, Saeed Mian Qaisar, and Atef Zaguia. "Deep Convolutional Neural Network Regularization for Alcoholism Detection Using EEG Signals." Sensors 21, no. 16 (2021): 5456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165456.

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Alcoholism is attributed to regular or excessive drinking of alcohol and leads to the disturbance of the neuronal system in the human brain. This results in certain malfunctioning of neurons that can be detected by an electroencephalogram (EEG) using several electrodes on a human skull at appropriate positions. It is of great interest to be able to classify an EEG activity as that of a normal person or an alcoholic person using data from the minimum possible electrodes (or channels). Due to the complex nature of EEG signals, accurate classification of alcoholism using only a small dataset is a

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