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1

Walton, James C. "Photoperiod, Brain Plasticity, and Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364994837.

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2

Olsson, Joakim. "Narcissism - Brain and Behavior : Self-Views and Empathy in the Narcissistic Brain." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9590.

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This thesis reviews both psychological and neural research in the fields of self-evaluation, self-views and self-enhancement bias. The research has made associations to grandiosity and need for admiration, which are two of the defining characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder. Neural correlates associated with this research are the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posteromedial cortex and anterior insula. Narcissists have been seen to have a decreased form of emotional empathy even though they rate themselves to have higher emotional empathy than they actually have, which is linked to self-enhancement bias and grandiosity. Alexithymia has not gained much attention in relation to narcissism, but research presented suggests that this might need to change. Neural correlates that are associated with lack of emotional empathy and alexithymia are the anterior insula, frontoparalimbic areas and the medial prefrontal cortex. Narcissistic personality disorder is in the DSM-5 specified to be defined by a grandiose sense of self, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy in either fantasy or behavior. However according to researchers in the field this only covers a part of the spectrum of narcissism. Deficits in the DSM-5 will he highlighted, as well as suggestions on what to do in order to help clarify the definition in DSM-5 and the concept in general.
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3

Rice, Judy A. "Brain Behavior: The Role of Nursing in the Care of Brain Injured Individuals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7623.

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4

Pyter, Leah M. "Seasonal plasticity of physiological systems, brain, and behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141319505.

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5

Fernandes, José Joaquim Fonseca Ribas. "Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Behavior and the Brain." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia química e Biológica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11971.

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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology, Neuroscience
Reinforcement learning (RL) has provided key insights to the neurobiology of learning and decision making. The pivotal nding is that the phasic activity of dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area during learning conforms to a reward prediction error (RPE), as speci ed in the temporal-di erence learning algorithm (TD). This has provided insights to conditioning, the distinction between habitual and goal-directed behavior, working memory, cognitive control and error monitoring. It has also advanced the understanding of cognitive de cits in Parkinson's disease, depression, ADHD and of personality traits such as impulsivity.(...)
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6

Sokoliuk, Rodika. "From alpha to perception : investigating behavior and brain activity." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2353/.

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Il a été proposé que la perception visuelle soit organisée de façon discrète, reposant sur l'activité cérébrale oscillatoire d'environ 10Hz. Bien qu'en condition normale notre perception visuelle nous paraisse continue, nous montrons dans une première expérience que cette continuité peut être interrompue lors de la perception d'un stimulus spécifique pourtant statique, révélant les cycles d'oscillations alpha (~10Hz) à la base de la perception visuelle. La 'Flickering Wheel Illusion' ('L'illusion de la roue qui clignote') génère un clignotement illusoire régulier, réapparaissant toutes les 100ms ce qui correspond à une phase du cycle alpha. Des études précédentes ont montré que certaines phases des oscillations alpha occipitales (tout comme des oscillations theta fronto-centrales) portent des propriétés 'inhibitrices' en vue du traitement visuel tandis que leurs phases opposées tendent à augmenter la probabilité de détecter des stimuli visuels. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons analysé comment ce rapport phase-détection temporel est représenté au niveau spatial dans le cortex visuel. Pour cela, nous avons entraîné des oscillations alpha via le clignotement d'un disque à une certaine position spatiale du champ visuel, pendant que les participants avaient pour tâche de détecter des stimuli visuels de basse luminance pouvant apparaître à de multiples positions spatiales. Les oscillations entraînées modulaient la performance de détection à toutes les positions auxquelles des cibles pourraient apparaître montrant des maxima à différentes phases de l'oscillation. De façon intéressante, nous avons pu montrer que la phase des oscillations entraînées se propageait dans l'espace comme une onde progressive, une propriété qui pourrait impliquer des rôles fonctionnels spécifiques pour le traitement sensoriel. En plus de son influence sur les processus cognitives comme la perception visuelle, la phase des oscillations lentes peut aussi moduler l'amplitude d'une oscillation rapide ('phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling' ; 'couplage phase-amplitude inter-fréquentiel' ;'PAC'). Dans une troisième expérience, nous avons révélé l'existence d'un PAC entre des oscillations alpha et gamma pendant l'état de repos (en l'absence de tâche cognitive spécifique) ce que nous avons assigné à de 'l'inhibition pulsative', un mécanisme de contrôle du traitement sensoriel porté par le rythme alpha. Selon cette théorie, les oscillations alpha mettraient donc à disposition des moments ou bien des phases spécifiques qui mènent à une augmentation d'amplitude d'oscillations gamma entrainant une augmentation du traitement sensoriel, tandis que des phases opposées inhiberaient le traitement sensoriel. En outre, nous avons observé un PAC robuste entre des oscillations theta et beta pendant l'état de repos ainsi que pendant une tâche de détection. Ce PAC pourrait aider à maintenir un état d'activité cérébrale de base. Finalement, nous avons pu révéler un PAC entre des oscillations theta et gamma principalement dans des régions fronto-centrales, influençant la perception visuelle avec emploi d'attention visuelle. Ce résultat est en continuité et complète des résultats précédents de notre groupe qui montraient l'influence de la phase des oscillations theta sur la perception visuelle. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse contribue aux connaissances du rôle important des oscillations spontanées pour la perception visuelle en utilisant plusieurs approches expérimentales et révèlent de nouvelles questions de ce champ de recherche
It has been suggested that visual perception is organized in discrete snapshots relying on an oscillatory brain rhythm of about 10Hz. Even though, in normal conditions, our visual percept seems continuous to us, we show that a specific static stimulus pattern can lead to disruption of this continuity and uncover cycles of alpha oscillations (~10Hz) underlying visual perception. This 'Flickering Wheel Illusion' produces a regular illusory flicker recurring every ~100ms thus at one phase of the alpha cycle. According to previous work, specific phases of occipital alpha (and also fronto-central theta) oscillations are designated as 'inhibitory' for visual processing whereas opposite phases increase probability to detect visual stimuli. In a psychophysical experiment, we analyzed how this temporal phase-detection relationship is organized spatially in the visual cortex. We therefore entrained alpha oscillations with a specific spatial origin and probed visual detection of low-threshold targets at different spatial positions. Detection performance was modulated by the entrained oscillation at all target locations, showing maxima at different phases of the oscillation. We could show that the phase of the entrained alpha oscillations propagated over space like a traveling wave that could implicate important functional roles for sensory processing. Besides its influence on cognitive processes like visual perception, the phase of low frequency oscillations can also modulate the amplitude of fast oscillations (phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling; PAC). In another experiment, we could reveal PAC between alpha and gamma oscillations during the resting state, what we referred to as pulsed inhibition, illustrating the alpha rhythm as a control mechanism of sensory processing. Alpha oscillations would thus provide specific moments, or phases that enhance gamma amplitude and thus sensory processing, whereas opposite phases would inhibit sensory processing. Moreover, we found a robust PAC between theta and beta oscillations which was also present during a visual detection task. This PAC could help maintaining a specific activity state of the brain. Finally, we could reveal PAC between theta and gamma oscillations in mainly fronto-central regions, influencing visual perception in the detection task but only within the focus of attention. This result is consistent with and complements previous findings of our group showing the influence of the phase of theta oscillations on visual perception. This work contributed to the findings of the important role of ongoing oscillations in visual perception, using multiple experimental approaches; yet our promising results uncovered new questions in this large field of research
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7

Sreekumar, Vishnu. "Context in the wild: Environment, behavior, and the brain." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1447539252.

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8

Stewart, Lee S. "Emergent behaviors following multifocal brain injury, a novel approach to the study of brain-behavior relationships." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/MQ61302.pdf.

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9

Fine, Eric Michael. "Representing facial affect representations in the brain and in behavior /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3244172.

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10

Zhu, Shun-Wei. "Brain neurotrophin levels and mouse behavior : relationship to environmental influences /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-843-6/.

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11

Erickson, Cynthia Ann. "Brain and behavior: Searching for the biological basis of learning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186534.

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The hippocampus is a brain structure known to be important for learning and memory, more specifically for the acquisition of spatial information. Hebb (1940) suggested that storage of information in the brain may involve modifications in the strength of synaptic connections. One example of an artificially-induced synaptic alteration that may share common mechanisms with memory formation is long-term synaptic enhancement (LTE). Recently, behaviorally-induced changes in hippocampal synapses have been discovered to occur in conjunction with exploratory behavior. This type of change has been called short-term exploratory modulation (STEM). It was proposed that STEM could share common mechanisms with artificially-induced LTE and memory formation in the hippocampus. The primary goals in this dissertation were to determine the relationship between STEM and LTE, to identify the mechanisms controlling these changes, and to determine whether STEM was a critical component of memory storage, a memory modulator, or an epiphenomenon. Synaptic changes in the hippocampus were measured by recording perforant-path evoked field potentials in the fascia dentata from awake behaving rats during rest and exploration or under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. In the first experiment, a positive correlation was found between learning in the Morris swim task and STEM in young and aged rats. Comparisons of LTE and STEM indicated that STEM did not reflect the same type of synaptic change observed in LTE, such that the two phenomena did not interact with each other. Furthermore, the nature of the changes in the evoked potentials were observed to be different. Another feature that distinguishes STEM from LTE is that the induction of LTE is dependent on the NMDA receptor, whereas STEM is NMDA-receptor independent. When rats were anesthetized and their bodies warmed passively, they exhibited STEM-like changes which were highly correlated with body temperature. These temperature-induced changes in evoked potentials had little impact on the functional output of cells in the fascia dentata. It is therefore concluded that exploration-induced changes in the hippocampus are largely due to brain temperature changes and have minimal impact on the functioning of neurons as originally proposed.
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12

Weil, Zachary M. "Social And Temporal Determinants Of Brain, Behavior And Immune Function." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1219085420.

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13

Kardegar, Nadia. "Electrical Brain Stimulation and Depressive-like Behavior in Guinea Pigs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1342408797.

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14

Walker, William Harry II. "Effects of Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy on Brain and Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1541942974196214.

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15

Boynewicz, Kara, Suzann Campbell, Whitney Cole, Laura Zawacki, April Clark, Dipti Kale, and S. Madhavan. "Behavior During Tethered Kicking in Infants with Periventricular Brain Injury." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8358.

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16

Campbell, Suzann K., Whitney Cole, Kara Boynewicz, Laura Zawacki, April Clark, Deborah Spira-Gaebler, Raye-Anne DeRegnier, et al. "Behavior During Tethered Kicking in Infants with Periventricular Brain Injury." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8360.

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Purpose: To describe behavior of children with periventricular brain injury (PBI) in a tethered-kicking intervention. Methods: Sixteen infants with PBI were randomly assigned to exercise or no-training in a longitudinal pilot study. Frequencies of leg movements and interlimb coordination were described from videos at 2 and 4 months' corrected age (CA). Results: Eight of the 13 children (62%) with longitudinal data increased the frequency of leg movements while tethered to a mobile between 2 and 4 months' CA. Movement frequency was correlated with scores on the Test of Infant Motor Performance, but no differences between experimental groups were found. Children with typical development at 12 months' CA increased the proportion of leg movements that were synchronous between 2 and 4 months, as did a child with cerebral palsy in the experimental group. Conclusions: The tethered-kicking intervention facilitates movement in infants with PBI, but effects on development remain to be demonstrated.
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17

Carmeli, Cristian. "Assessing cooperative behavior in dynamical networks with applications to brain data /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3651.

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18

Zhang, Ke-You. "Brain Signaling Mechanisms Through Which Dopamine Stimulates Maternal Behavior in Rats." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/537.

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Thesis advisor: Michael Numan
This paper will review research from our laboratory dealing with the neural basis of maternal behavior in rats. Specifically, my work investigates hypothalamic interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine system and the regulation of maternal responsiveness. Recent evidence has shown that increased dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens, a major terminus of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, results in a facilitation of maternal behavior in female rats who have been partially primed by hormones. However, the way in which dopamine and hormones act on these neural circuits is unclear. We hypothesize that one of these hormones, estradiol, acts on the MPOA and mesolimbic dopamine system through similar intracellular mechanisms as dopamine. My research goals are twofold: (1) to discern which G-protein coupled pathway dopamine utilizes to act in the nucleus accumbens and (2) to investigate whether estradiol is having rapid effects at the cell membrane and whether these effects are mediated by G-protein coupled receptors
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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19

Pfau, Daniel R. "TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR AND CORTICAL BRAIN PLASTICITY IN ADULT MALE SCELOPORUS OCCIDENTALIS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1179.

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The hippocampus is a brain region that can undergo tremendous plasticity in adulthood. The hippocampus is related to the formation of spatial memories in birds and mammals. In birds, plasticity in the hippocampus occurs when formation of such memories is directly relevant to survival or reproduction, such as for breeding or food caching. In reptiles, the homologues to the hippocampus are the dorsal and medial cortices (DC and MC). In several lizard, snake and turtle species, these structures have been related to spatial memory. Experimental investigations indicate that differences in DC volume are related to space use associated with differing foraging ecologies. Differences in MC volume have been associated with territory size-based mate acquisition strategies. Furthermore, territory size has previously been correlated with plasma testosterone (T) levels. Therefore, I hypothesized that neuroplasticity within the MC/DC is controlled by demands on spatial navigation and seasonal differences and that these changes may involve the action of T. During two experimental trials, male Western Fence Lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) were placed into either large or small semi-natural enclosures and allowed to interact with a female and intruder males over the span of seven weeks. One trial was performed during the spring breeding season and the other during the summer non breeding season, to examine seasonal differences in plasticity. Blood samples were collected at initial time of capture and before sacrifice to measure plasma T. Immunostaining for doublecortin was used to determine the density of immature neurons in each region, and cresyl violet staining allowed for volume measurements of specific regions. MC cell layer neurogenesis was higher in lizards placed in large enclosures than those in small enclosures and higher in the summer than in the spring. DC volume was smaller in lizards held in large enclosures than those in small enclosures. The decreased DC volume seen lizards held in large enclosures may indicate a cost to the increased neurogenesis in the MC of lizards in the same enclosures. These results indicate a possible trade-off between DC volume and MC neurogenesis that allows for switching between the ability to solve novel spatial tasks using the DC while storing a cognitive map in the MC. During the spring, T had no relationship with MC volume, while during the summer this was negative, so effects of T on the MC may be seasonal.
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Whitney, Meredith Sorenson Deneris. "Novel Targeting of Adult Brain Serotonin Reveals New Roles in Behavior." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1473440530837021.

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21

Lindqvist, Ann-Sophie. "Nandrolone decanoate, behaviour and brain : animal experimental studies /." Göteborg : Dep. of Psychology, Univ., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/68.

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22

Bauer, Christopher Edward. "Associations between Sleep, Infant Feeding Methods, Brain Development and Behavior| A Multimodal Approach to Assess Plasticity in the Brain." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259351.

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Purpose: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum disorder that is estimated to effect a significant proportion of the pediatric population (1-3% in USA). SDB is able to disrupt and fragment sleep through frequent arousals and intermittent hypoxia. In addition, the long term effects of SDB in pediatrics have been well-documented; decreases in intelligence quotient (IQ), executive function, school performance, and alertness have all been observed. Although surgical treatments can be quite effective, there are no widely accepted prophylactic measures to prevent SDB development. Recently, breastfeeding duration in infancy has been demonstrated to be correlated with reduced SDB (lower AHI, RAI, and higher SpO2), as well as increases in IQ, executive function, and school performance (independent of SDB). The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the potential effects of both breastfeeding duration and SDB severity on the neurological underpinnings associated with observed behavioral and cognitive deficits; namely, correlations with white matter structural volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) scores through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Here, I proposed a unique developmental hypothesis where breastfeeding may ultimately reduce SDB, enabling the preservation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and leading to healthier neurological white matter development.

Method: Twenty-four children with SDB and 19 healthy controls were imaged using MR techniques. White matter volume was measured using the central 13 millimeters of the corpus callosum (CC). DTI of major white matter tracts was also conducted. The SDB group received neurocognitive testing to assess cognitive performance; the control group was assessed using real-world academic report cards. Finally, REM sleep was quantified in infants using overnight polysomnography (PSG), with SDB metrics and infant feeding method also measured. Results: There was no correlation between infant feeding methods and CC volume in either group, nor a significant differences between CC volumes in children with SDB versus those without. However, increased breastfeeding duration was correlated with increased left superior longitudinal fasciculus (LSLF) and left angular bundle (LAB) FA scores in healthy controls. In 8-9 month old infants, increased breastfeeding duration was also correlated with a reduced proportion of REM sleep (%TST), and children with exclusive breastfeeding had reduced SDB in infancy compared to children with any formula feeding. Finally, exclusively formula-fed infants were diagnosed with “primary snoring” more often than those with any amount of breastfeeding.

Conclusions: The findings in this dissertation revealed associations between breastfeeding, SDB, REM sleep, and white matter integrity in the brain. These results support the hypothesis that certain cognitive effects associated with SDB and infant feeding methods may have common underlying anatomical brain changes that subserve these observed phenomena.

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23

Salley, Christina G. "Temperament and Social Behavior in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors and Comparison Peers." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300639809.

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24

Ho, Alan. "Neural mechanisms underlying food related behaviors." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291750706.

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25

Stepniewski, Tomasz Maciej 1988. "Unraveling the complex signaling behavior of neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668308.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the main acceptors of neurotransmitters, and thus play an important role in communication between neurons. Because of this they are an attractive drug target for multiple neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The primary function of GPCRs is to initiate diverse intracellular signaling cascades in response to extracellular events, like neurotransmitter binding. Despite the wealth of available biochemical data, the structural foundations of GPCR activity remain poorly understood. Such insights would not only expand our knowledge of those receptors, but also facilitate the design of safer and more efficient drugs. Here, using several computational approaches, we propose structural mechanisms that explain GPCR in vitro data. We unravel features GPCR functionality at multiple levels of action including ligandreceptor interactions, allosteric signal transmission as well as posttranslational modifications. Our results identify phenomena potentially conserved among GPCRs that advance our understanding of this relevant receptor family.
Los receptores acoplados a proteína G (en inglés GPCRs) son los principales receptores de neurotransmisores, teniendo un papel importante en la comunicación neuronal. Por esto, se los considera una atractiva diana farmacológica en múltiples trastornos neurodegenerativos y neuropsiquiátricos. El rol primario de los GPCRs es iniciar múltiples cascadas de señalización intracelular en respuesta a eventos extracelulares. A pesar de la vasta información bioquímica disponible, los fundamentos estructurales de la actividad de GPCRs no se comprenden totalmente. Estos fundamentos, no sólo podrían expandir nuestro conocimiento de los receptores, sino que podrían facilitar el diseño de farmacos más seguros y eficaces. Utilizando varios enfoques computacionales, proponemos mecanismos estructurales que explican los resultados in vitro de los GPCRs. Desciframos elementos de la funcionalidad de GPCRs en múltiples niveles, incluyendo interacciones ligando-receptor, transmisión de señales alostérica y modificaciones post-traduccionales. Nuestros resultados identifican fenómenos potencialmente conservados entre los GPCRs, ampliando nuestro conocimiento de esta relevante familia de receptores.
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Bohnen, Nicolaas Ida Leonardus Joseph. "Mild head injury and postconcussive sequelae a study of brain and behavior relationships /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1991. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5650.

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27

Klempin, Friederike [Verfasser]. "Signaling pathways linking behavior to neurogenesis in healthy brain and disease / Friederike Klempin." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209543435/34.

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28

Teramitsu, Ikuko. "Brain-behavior relationships in songbird common molecular mechanisms for birdsong and human speech." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324371081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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29

Merkel, Steven Franklin. "Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Addiction-Like Behavior and Their Neuropathological Correlates." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/450997.

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Pathology
Ph.D.
Recent clinical and preclinical reports have identified traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an important risk factor affecting the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). Notably, these studies show that factors like age at the time of injury and TBI severity may increase the risk of substance abuse behavior post-TBI. Furthermore, radiological assessments in clinical TBI populations have observed neuropathology in select brain regions that form key neurocircuits that mediate drug reward and drug-seeking behavior. Therefore, the effects of TBI on the function of these brain structures may influence the risk of substance abuse behavior following brain injury. In order to test the effect of experimental TBI on substance abuse behavior, we utilized two premiere preclinical models: 1) the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of experimental TBI and 2) a biased, three-phase, cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) assay. Furthermore, we characterized the effect of experimental TBI on
Temple University--Theses
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Celone, Kim A. "Characterizing the brain-behavior basis of habit learning in women with eating disorders." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32012.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This thesis examined brain function in women with eating disorders who meet clinically significant subthreshold DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa (Sub-BN) by investigating the acquisition of motor and cognitive habits. Habit learning is an implicit learning process that is associated with a pattern of parallel processing in fronto-striatal implicit memory system and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) explicit or associative memory system. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence suggest fronto-striatal dysfunction plays a role in the formation and maintenance of maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns in eating disorders. Eighteen Sub-BN and nineteen healthy control women (MC) performed both motor and cognitive habit learning tasks during a single fMRI session. The first experiment examined motor-sequence habit learning via the serial reaction time task (SRTT). The results revealed similar habit learning performance between Sub-BN and healthy control women; however Sub-BN participants demonstrated decreased prefrontal cortex-striatal activation and corresponding MTL increases during habit formation. The second experiment examined regional brain activity during cognitive habit learning on the weather prediction task (WPT), which creates a competing response environment. Findings suggest Sub-BN participants show increased overall caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation, in addition to initial decreased involvement of the MTL and later increased involvement of the DLPFC. The third experiment utilized functional and effective network connectivity to further explore the data from experiments one and two. The results provide additional support for a disruption in MTL and fronto-striatal memory system interactions, as well as additional disruptions in patterns of "Default Mode Network" and cerebellar connectivity. This thesis demonstrates that during habit learning, disrupted interactions between MTL and fronto-striatal memory systems may be characteristic of the underlying neurobiology of eating disorders. High perfectionism and low self efficacy may result in sensitivity to uncertainty in individuals with eating disorders that alters the adaptive mechanism that controls the utilization of memory systems. In addition, changes in "Default Mode Network" connectivity, as well as increased affective cerebellar connectivity may represent mechanisms that maintain overall beliefs regarding uncertainty. Together, these findings represent viable mediators of the rigid and preoccupying thoughts and behaviors characteristic of individuals with eating disorders.
2031-01-02
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31

Makinson, Ryan A. "Intrauterine Inflammation affects Brain Development and Cognitive Behavior in a Sex-dependent Manner." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1516718219342111.

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32

Lothes, John E. "The expectancy effects of caffeine on cognitive performance /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/lothesj/johnlothes.html.

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33

Miranda, Robert Alan. "Effects of exposure to environmental pollutants on sexual behavior, reproduction, and brain gene expression." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562152.

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Environmental pollutants can act as endocrine disruptors to affect the biology of organisms including, development, reproduction, behavior, and overall health. Many endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can mimic or inhibit functions of sex steroids which are critical for the development and maintenance of vertebrate reproductive systems. Sex steroids also interact with arginine vasotocin (AVT)/arginine vasopressin (AVP; mammalian homologue) systems to mediate vertebrate social and sexual behaviors, including vocalizations in male anurans. I used the Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, as an amphibian model species to evaluate the effects of exposure to EDCs on AVT-regulated behaviors and on brain AVT and sex steroid signaling systems.

In order to understand the role of neurohormones and social stimuli in behavior of X. tropicalis, I studied the effect AVT and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the influence of different social contexts on sexual behaviors, including calling, in males. I found that AVT and hCG treatment alone and in combination induces male sexual behavior, and the presence of a female is necessary to stimulate this behavior. I also analyzed the expression of genes related to AVT and sex steroid signaling in the brain of male and female X. tropicalis to identify genes that are expressed sexually dimorphically and could be potentially altered by EDC exposure.

Then I utilized the behavior and gene expression assays I developed to study the effects of developmental exposure to the synthetic androgen 17β-trenbolone (17β-TB) on behavior, fecundity, morphology, and brain gene expression in adult X. tropicalis. Developmental 17β-TB exposure reduced sexual behavior and inhibited female egg release during breeding trials. Exposure to 17β-TB also blocked oviduct development and altered AVT-related brain gene expression in females.

In another study I evaluated the effects of adult exposure to the common EDCs bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and triclosan (TCS) or a mixture of the three on sexual behavior, morphology, and brain gene expression in adult male Xenopus tropicalis. Behavior and brain gene expression were not significantly affected, but TCS-exposed animals had a lower normalized liver weight than animals exposed to BPA or the chemical mixture. Males exposed to BPA, NP, and the mixture also exhibited increased oviduct development compared to TCS-exposed males, and the source of the animals influenced oviduct development.

Results from my dissertation research demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disruptors can affect multiple levels of physiology. Gender, timing of exposure and nature of the chemical are also critical factors in determining these physiological effects. Importantly, because there is evolutionary conservation in vertebrates for the role of sex hormones in regulating the reproductive system as well as the AVT/AVP system and related social behaviors, my work has important broader implications for endocrine-disrupting effects from environmental chemical exposure for all wildlife and humans.

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34

Petropoulos, Dēmētrios. "An electrophysiological study of the brain stem neural networks controlling feeding behavior in lampreys /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20837.

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The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro model in lamprey, a lower vertebrate, for investigating the neural circuitry controlling feeding behavior. Microstimulation of the trigeminal afferents and some of the rhombencephalic regions that project to the trigeminal motor nucleus were shown to elicit excitatory synaptic responses in trigeminal motoneurons involving both AMPA/Kainate and NMDA receptors. Disynaptic glycinergic inhibition was also present in some cases. Interestingly, rhythmical membrane potential oscillations were elicited in trigeminal motoneurons upon stimulation of trigeminal afferents or the principal sensory nucleus. Low and high frequency oscillations were obtained which seem to represent fast and slow feeding rhythms previously described in lampreys in vivo. These oscillations represent the first evidence of centrally generated rhythmic activity that underlies feeding in lampreys.
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35

Fuchs, Thomas. "Brain-behavior adaptations to sleep loss in the nocturnally migrating Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1151365047.

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36

Salierno, James D. "Harmful algal bloom stressors alter behavior and brain activity in the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2405.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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37

Petropoulos, Demetrios. "An electrophysiological study of the brain stem neural networks controlling feeding behavior in lampreys." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ44244.pdf.

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38

Cummings, Alycia Erin. "Brain and behavior in children with phonological delays phonological, lexical, and sensory system interactions /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3352373.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 8, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-259).
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39

Chaffin, Andrew C. "Brain Structures Associated with Temperament and Social Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys: An MRI Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4062.

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Temperament is thought to be the foundation for normative personality and subsequent behaviors later in life. To assess the relationship of early temperament with variation in structural brain development, this study examined rhesus macaque mother-infant behavior, and then three years later, used MRI to assess neurostructural differences. Individual differences in mother-infant interactions and emotionality were then linked to brain differences. Extensive behavioral data obtained over the first year of life under both resting and stressful conditions was used to assess the quality of mother-infant interactions and emotionality. The MRI focused on brain volume in areas thought to be related to emotional regulation and such as the cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum structures. These structures are often mentioned as areas that modulate emotions, temperament and general social behavior. The methods involved in this research include behavior coded from group-housed infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The subjects were 15 mother-reared subjects, each housed in a social group of 12-20 subjects, living in social settings with their mothers, other adult females, two adult males, and other same-aged subjects; conditions that approximate the social composition of the natural setting. Behaviors related to temperament and mother-infant interactions were assessed using an objective behavioral scoring system. Behavior was coded under three conditions, and each behavioral coding session was 5-minute long. Homecage: Two behavioral coding sessions were recorded weekly for each subject as it interacted naturally with its mother and peers over the first six-months of life. Preseparation (month 6): Two weeks before four, sequential, 4-day social separations, behavioral data were collected once each day. Reunion with mother: Following each of the social separations, data were collected twice immediately following return to mother and again on the morning before the separation. Subjects underwent MRIs 1-2 years later when they were 2-3 years of age. The result of this research was that during pre-separation interactions, anterior cingulate size to brain ratio showed a positive correlation with mutual ventral contact (being cradled and held closely), a measure of the use of mother as a secure base to calm anxiety and fear.
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40

Gundel, Friederike [Verfasser]. "Mindfulness Training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy Investigation on Brain Activity by NIRS / Friederike Gundel." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234450879/34.

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41

Fuchs, Thomas. "BRAIN-BEHAVIOR ADAPTATIONS TO SLEEP LOSS IN THE NOCTURNALLY MIGRATING SWAINSON’S THRUSH (CATHARUS USTULATUS)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151365047.

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42

Bajwa, Garima. "Sensing and Decoding Brain States for Predicting and Enhancing Human Behavior, Health, and Security." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862723/.

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The human brain acts as an intelligent sensor by helping in effective signal communication and execution of logical functions and instructions, thus, coordinating all functions of the human body. More importantly, it shows the potential to combine prior knowledge with adaptive learning, thus ensuring constant improvement. These qualities help the brain to interact efficiently with both, the body (brain-body) as well as the environment (brain-environment). This dissertation attempts to apply the brain-body-environment interactions (BBEI) to elevate human existence and enhance our day-to-day experiences. For instance, when one stepped out of the house in the past, one had to carry keys (for unlocking), money (for purchasing), and a phone (for communication). With the advent of smartphones, this scenario changed completely and today, it is often enough to carry just one's smartphone because all the above activities can be performed with a single device. In the future, with advanced research and progress in BBEI interactions, one will be able to perform many activities by dictating it in one's mind without any physical involvement. This dissertation aims to shift the paradigm of existing brain-computer-interfaces from just ‘control' to ‘monitor, control, enhance, and restore' in three main areas - healthcare, transportation safety, and cryptography. In healthcare, measures were developed for understanding brain-body interactions by correlating cerebral autoregulation with brain signals. The variation in estimated blood flow of brain (obtained through EEG) was detected with evoked change in blood pressure, thus, enabling EEG metrics to be used as a first hand screening tool to check impaired cerebral autoregulation. To enhance road safety, distracted drivers' behavior in various multitasking scenarios while driving was identified by significant changes in the time-frequency spectrum of the EEG signals. A distraction metric was calculated to rank the severity of a distraction task that can be used as an intuitive measure for distraction in people - analogous to the Richter scale for earthquakes. In cryptography, brain-environment interactions (BBEI) were qualitatively and quantitatively modeled to obtain cancelable biometrics and cryptographic keys using brain signals. Two different datasets were used to analyze the key generation process and it was observed that neurokeys established for every subject-task combination were unique, consistent, and can be revoked and re-issued in case of a breach. This dissertation envisions a future where humans and technology are intuitively connected by a seamless flow of information through ‘the most intelligent sensor', the brain.
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Aust, Sabine [Verfasser]. "The Influence of Early Life Stress on Affective Functioning : An Investigation of Behavior, Brain Structure and Music-Induced Emotional Brain Responses / Sabine Aust." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038694868/34.

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44

Lepore, Marino. "Parametric and neurological studies of brain stimulation reward." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41660.

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This thesis explored whether interpretations of the reinforcing effect of stimulation trains used in the self-administration of brain-stimulation (SABS) paradigm were artifacts of the reinforcement schedule chosen or whether it represented a genuine attempt by animals to maintain optimal levels of reward. Results demonstrate that stimulation trains used in SABS are reinforcing and that animals regulate pulse frequency to optimize the level of reward. The thesis then explored whether pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) lesions blocked the acquisition or maintenance of SABS, and the acquisition of eight-arm radial maze learning. Results showed that lesions confined to the PPTg block acquisition and maintenance of SABS, suggesting that the PPTg mediates the positive reinforcing effects of BSR. Further, PPTg lesions blocked win-shift and win-stay radial maze learning. However, results indicate that animals were not impaired in "shifting" or "staying" behavior. It is speculated that PPTg lesions block the reinforcing effects of food, which produce inefficient performance on both memory tasks.
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Gaworecki, Kristen M. "Changes in brain biochemistry and feeding behavior in hybrid striped bass exposed to environmental contaminants." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1233080573/.

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46

Kroff, Savannah Leigh. ""Love on the Brain":? Exploring the Influence of Lyrics on Sexting and Risky Sexual Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7330.

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While some research has been done on the influence of music lyrics on sexual behaviors in general, none has explored the lyrical influence on sexting. The goal of the current study is to explore the longitudinal influence of sexual and sexually objectifying lyrics on adolescent sexting behaviors. Participants were 125 14-year-old adolescents who were recruited from high schools in Texas. Participants completed questionnaires on music preferences, sexual behaviors and impulsivity and were given BlackBerry devices through which frequency of sexual text message utterances was obtained. Music preferences were then quantitatively analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) software. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of both sexual and sexually objectifying lyrics on sexting behavior. Additionally, biological sex and impulsivity were explored as moderators. Analyses revealed that 40.65% of adolescents participated in some form of sexting at Time 3 (42.81% at Time 1) but that music lyrics had little direct influence on sexting. However, biological sex appeared to moderate the relationship between sexual lyrics and sexting such that males were much more likely to participate in sexting when exposed to sexual lyrics where females were not. These and other results are discussed as well as implications for parents and the need for further research on sexting and the behavioral influence of musical lyrics.
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47

Meyniel, Florent. "How the human brain allocates physical effort over time : evidence from behavior, neuroimaging and pharmacology." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066366.

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Faire le bon choix, c’est trouver le bon compromis entre coût et bénéfice. Dans le cas de la gestion de l’effort physique, ce compromis prend une dimension temporelle. Pour comprendre comment la décision d’arrêter ou reprendre l’effort est prise, nous avons développé un paradigme expérimental chez le sujet humain sain et un modèle computationnel dans lequel le coût estimé augmente à l’effort car la fatigue affecte toute la commande motrice et diminue au repos quand nous récupérons. Le comportement reflète les variations de ce coût estimé et du compromis avec le bénéfice attendu. Grâce à la complémentarité de l’imagerie fonctionnelle par résonnance magnétique et de la magnétoencéphalographie (MEG), le coût estimé a été localisé dans les régions proprioceptives du cerveau : l’insula postérieure et le thalamus ventromédian. La MEG a également révélé que la désynchronisation du rythme beta moteur (13-30Hz) permet une reprise plus rapide de l’effort quand les enjeux sont importants. Cette gestion stratégique du repos est liée à l’utilité attendue qui peut être dissociée de l’utilité réelle. Nos résultats montrent que la gestion de l’effort est adaptée en ligne au coût estimé et modulée stratégiquement en fonction des coûts et bénéfices attendus. Les antalgiques (hypnose ou paracétamol) ont un effet limité sur ce processus, à l’inverse de la sérotonine (Escitalopram). Notre contribution, à l’interface entre médecine du sport, théorie de la décision et modèle d’accumulation utilisés en neurosciences, propose un mécanisme pour optimiser la gestion de l’effort physique en maximisant les gains et minimisant les dommages corporels
No pain, no gain: optimal decisions involve a tradeoff between cost and benefit. We propose that in physical effort allocation, this tradeoff is unfolded over time. We present a task to investigate this process in the laboratory with healthy humans and we suggest a computational model to account for decisions to stop and resume the effort. Costs increase during exertion, due to fatigue at all stages of the motor command and decrease during rest, due to recovery. We show that this dynamic may be captured by a cost-evidence variable and compared to the expected benefit. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) complementarily showed that cost-evidence may be implemented in proprioceptive regions of the brain: posterior insula and ventro-medial thalamus. In addition, MEG showed that motor beta (13-30 Hz) desynchronization mediates the effect of incentives to hasten effort resumption. This strategic invigoration of rest is supported by a behavioral dissociation: the expected utility (not the actual utility) modulates rest durations. Together, our results support that the behavior is adapted on the fly to cost-evidence levels and that this mechanism is modulated strategically according to the expected cost and benefit. This behavior was not affected by pain killers (hypnosis or paracetamol), but by serotonin (Escitalopram). This work bridges a gap between sport medicine, value-based decision-making and accumulation models in neuroscience in showing that accumulation and dissipation of cost-evidence can guide the optimization of effort allocation: this mechanism implements the maximization of benefit while the body costs are minimized
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48

Gabella, Kristin. "THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH REPEATED STRESS EXPOSURE ALTERS BRAIN CYTOKINES: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1367676963.

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49

Goodchild, Rose Ellen. "The histamine system in human brain : changes in neurological and psychiatric disorders." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297567.

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50

Kuteeva, Eugenia. "Brain galanin systems and their role in depression-like behaviour /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-135-7/.

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