Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brain-Behavior'
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Walton, James C. "Photoperiod, Brain Plasticity, and Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364994837.
Full textOlsson, Joakim. "Narcissism - Brain and Behavior : Self-Views and Empathy in the Narcissistic Brain." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9590.
Full textRice, Judy A. "Brain Behavior: The Role of Nursing in the Care of Brain Injured Individuals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7623.
Full textPyter, Leah M. "Seasonal plasticity of physiological systems, brain, and behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141319505.
Full textFernandes, José Joaquim Fonseca Ribas. "Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning in Behavior and the Brain." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Instituto de Tecnologia química e Biológica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11971.
Full textReinforcement learning (RL) has provided key insights to the neurobiology of learning and decision making. The pivotal nding is that the phasic activity of dopaminergic cells in the ventral tegmental area during learning conforms to a reward prediction error (RPE), as speci ed in the temporal-di erence learning algorithm (TD). This has provided insights to conditioning, the distinction between habitual and goal-directed behavior, working memory, cognitive control and error monitoring. It has also advanced the understanding of cognitive de cits in Parkinson's disease, depression, ADHD and of personality traits such as impulsivity.(...)
Sokoliuk, Rodika. "From alpha to perception : investigating behavior and brain activity." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2353/.
Full textIt has been suggested that visual perception is organized in discrete snapshots relying on an oscillatory brain rhythm of about 10Hz. Even though, in normal conditions, our visual percept seems continuous to us, we show that a specific static stimulus pattern can lead to disruption of this continuity and uncover cycles of alpha oscillations (~10Hz) underlying visual perception. This 'Flickering Wheel Illusion' produces a regular illusory flicker recurring every ~100ms thus at one phase of the alpha cycle. According to previous work, specific phases of occipital alpha (and also fronto-central theta) oscillations are designated as 'inhibitory' for visual processing whereas opposite phases increase probability to detect visual stimuli. In a psychophysical experiment, we analyzed how this temporal phase-detection relationship is organized spatially in the visual cortex. We therefore entrained alpha oscillations with a specific spatial origin and probed visual detection of low-threshold targets at different spatial positions. Detection performance was modulated by the entrained oscillation at all target locations, showing maxima at different phases of the oscillation. We could show that the phase of the entrained alpha oscillations propagated over space like a traveling wave that could implicate important functional roles for sensory processing. Besides its influence on cognitive processes like visual perception, the phase of low frequency oscillations can also modulate the amplitude of fast oscillations (phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling; PAC). In another experiment, we could reveal PAC between alpha and gamma oscillations during the resting state, what we referred to as pulsed inhibition, illustrating the alpha rhythm as a control mechanism of sensory processing. Alpha oscillations would thus provide specific moments, or phases that enhance gamma amplitude and thus sensory processing, whereas opposite phases would inhibit sensory processing. Moreover, we found a robust PAC between theta and beta oscillations which was also present during a visual detection task. This PAC could help maintaining a specific activity state of the brain. Finally, we could reveal PAC between theta and gamma oscillations in mainly fronto-central regions, influencing visual perception in the detection task but only within the focus of attention. This result is consistent with and complements previous findings of our group showing the influence of the phase of theta oscillations on visual perception. This work contributed to the findings of the important role of ongoing oscillations in visual perception, using multiple experimental approaches; yet our promising results uncovered new questions in this large field of research
Sreekumar, Vishnu. "Context in the wild: Environment, behavior, and the brain." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1447539252.
Full textStewart, Lee S. "Emergent behaviors following multifocal brain injury, a novel approach to the study of brain-behavior relationships." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0009/MQ61302.pdf.
Full textFine, Eric Michael. "Representing facial affect representations in the brain and in behavior /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3244172.
Full textZhu, Shun-Wei. "Brain neurotrophin levels and mouse behavior : relationship to environmental influences /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-843-6/.
Full textErickson, Cynthia Ann. "Brain and behavior: Searching for the biological basis of learning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186534.
Full textWeil, Zachary M. "Social And Temporal Determinants Of Brain, Behavior And Immune Function." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1219085420.
Full textKardegar, Nadia. "Electrical Brain Stimulation and Depressive-like Behavior in Guinea Pigs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1342408797.
Full textWalker, William Harry II. "Effects of Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy on Brain and Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1541942974196214.
Full textBoynewicz, Kara, Suzann Campbell, Whitney Cole, Laura Zawacki, April Clark, Dipti Kale, and S. Madhavan. "Behavior During Tethered Kicking in Infants with Periventricular Brain Injury." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8358.
Full textCampbell, Suzann K., Whitney Cole, Kara Boynewicz, Laura Zawacki, April Clark, Deborah Spira-Gaebler, Raye-Anne DeRegnier, et al. "Behavior During Tethered Kicking in Infants with Periventricular Brain Injury." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8360.
Full textCarmeli, Cristian. "Assessing cooperative behavior in dynamical networks with applications to brain data /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3651.
Full textZhang, Ke-You. "Brain Signaling Mechanisms Through Which Dopamine Stimulates Maternal Behavior in Rats." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/537.
Full textThis paper will review research from our laboratory dealing with the neural basis of maternal behavior in rats. Specifically, my work investigates hypothalamic interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine system and the regulation of maternal responsiveness. Recent evidence has shown that increased dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens, a major terminus of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, results in a facilitation of maternal behavior in female rats who have been partially primed by hormones. However, the way in which dopamine and hormones act on these neural circuits is unclear. We hypothesize that one of these hormones, estradiol, acts on the MPOA and mesolimbic dopamine system through similar intracellular mechanisms as dopamine. My research goals are twofold: (1) to discern which G-protein coupled pathway dopamine utilizes to act in the nucleus accumbens and (2) to investigate whether estradiol is having rapid effects at the cell membrane and whether these effects are mediated by G-protein coupled receptors
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program
Pfau, Daniel R. "TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR AND CORTICAL BRAIN PLASTICITY IN ADULT MALE SCELOPORUS OCCIDENTALIS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1179.
Full textWhitney, Meredith Sorenson Deneris. "Novel Targeting of Adult Brain Serotonin Reveals New Roles in Behavior." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1473440530837021.
Full textLindqvist, Ann-Sophie. "Nandrolone decanoate, behaviour and brain : animal experimental studies /." Göteborg : Dep. of Psychology, Univ., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/68.
Full textBauer, Christopher Edward. "Associations between Sleep, Infant Feeding Methods, Brain Development and Behavior| A Multimodal Approach to Assess Plasticity in the Brain." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259351.
Full textPurpose: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum disorder that is estimated to effect a significant proportion of the pediatric population (1-3% in USA). SDB is able to disrupt and fragment sleep through frequent arousals and intermittent hypoxia. In addition, the long term effects of SDB in pediatrics have been well-documented; decreases in intelligence quotient (IQ), executive function, school performance, and alertness have all been observed. Although surgical treatments can be quite effective, there are no widely accepted prophylactic measures to prevent SDB development. Recently, breastfeeding duration in infancy has been demonstrated to be correlated with reduced SDB (lower AHI, RAI, and higher SpO2), as well as increases in IQ, executive function, and school performance (independent of SDB). The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine the potential effects of both breastfeeding duration and SDB severity on the neurological underpinnings associated with observed behavioral and cognitive deficits; namely, correlations with white matter structural volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) scores through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Here, I proposed a unique developmental hypothesis where breastfeeding may ultimately reduce SDB, enabling the preservation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and leading to healthier neurological white matter development.
Method: Twenty-four children with SDB and 19 healthy controls were imaged using MR techniques. White matter volume was measured using the central 13 millimeters of the corpus callosum (CC). DTI of major white matter tracts was also conducted. The SDB group received neurocognitive testing to assess cognitive performance; the control group was assessed using real-world academic report cards. Finally, REM sleep was quantified in infants using overnight polysomnography (PSG), with SDB metrics and infant feeding method also measured. Results: There was no correlation between infant feeding methods and CC volume in either group, nor a significant differences between CC volumes in children with SDB versus those without. However, increased breastfeeding duration was correlated with increased left superior longitudinal fasciculus (LSLF) and left angular bundle (LAB) FA scores in healthy controls. In 8-9 month old infants, increased breastfeeding duration was also correlated with a reduced proportion of REM sleep (%TST), and children with exclusive breastfeeding had reduced SDB in infancy compared to children with any formula feeding. Finally, exclusively formula-fed infants were diagnosed with “primary snoring” more often than those with any amount of breastfeeding.
Conclusions: The findings in this dissertation revealed associations between breastfeeding, SDB, REM sleep, and white matter integrity in the brain. These results support the hypothesis that certain cognitive effects associated with SDB and infant feeding methods may have common underlying anatomical brain changes that subserve these observed phenomena.
Salley, Christina G. "Temperament and Social Behavior in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors and Comparison Peers." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300639809.
Full textHo, Alan. "Neural mechanisms underlying food related behaviors." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291750706.
Full textStepniewski, Tomasz Maciej 1988. "Unraveling the complex signaling behavior of neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668308.
Full textLos receptores acoplados a proteína G (en inglés GPCRs) son los principales receptores de neurotransmisores, teniendo un papel importante en la comunicación neuronal. Por esto, se los considera una atractiva diana farmacológica en múltiples trastornos neurodegenerativos y neuropsiquiátricos. El rol primario de los GPCRs es iniciar múltiples cascadas de señalización intracelular en respuesta a eventos extracelulares. A pesar de la vasta información bioquímica disponible, los fundamentos estructurales de la actividad de GPCRs no se comprenden totalmente. Estos fundamentos, no sólo podrían expandir nuestro conocimiento de los receptores, sino que podrían facilitar el diseño de farmacos más seguros y eficaces. Utilizando varios enfoques computacionales, proponemos mecanismos estructurales que explican los resultados in vitro de los GPCRs. Desciframos elementos de la funcionalidad de GPCRs en múltiples niveles, incluyendo interacciones ligando-receptor, transmisión de señales alostérica y modificaciones post-traduccionales. Nuestros resultados identifican fenómenos potencialmente conservados entre los GPCRs, ampliando nuestro conocimiento de esta relevante familia de receptores.
Bohnen, Nicolaas Ida Leonardus Joseph. "Mild head injury and postconcussive sequelae a study of brain and behavior relationships /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1991. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5650.
Full textKlempin, Friederike [Verfasser]. "Signaling pathways linking behavior to neurogenesis in healthy brain and disease / Friederike Klempin." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209543435/34.
Full textTeramitsu, Ikuko. "Brain-behavior relationships in songbird common molecular mechanisms for birdsong and human speech." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324371081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMerkel, Steven Franklin. "Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Addiction-Like Behavior and Their Neuropathological Correlates." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/450997.
Full textPh.D.
Recent clinical and preclinical reports have identified traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an important risk factor affecting the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). Notably, these studies show that factors like age at the time of injury and TBI severity may increase the risk of substance abuse behavior post-TBI. Furthermore, radiological assessments in clinical TBI populations have observed neuropathology in select brain regions that form key neurocircuits that mediate drug reward and drug-seeking behavior. Therefore, the effects of TBI on the function of these brain structures may influence the risk of substance abuse behavior following brain injury. In order to test the effect of experimental TBI on substance abuse behavior, we utilized two premiere preclinical models: 1) the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of experimental TBI and 2) a biased, three-phase, cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) assay. Furthermore, we characterized the effect of experimental TBI on
Temple University--Theses
Celone, Kim A. "Characterizing the brain-behavior basis of habit learning in women with eating disorders." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32012.
Full textPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This thesis examined brain function in women with eating disorders who meet clinically significant subthreshold DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa (Sub-BN) by investigating the acquisition of motor and cognitive habits. Habit learning is an implicit learning process that is associated with a pattern of parallel processing in fronto-striatal implicit memory system and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) explicit or associative memory system. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence suggest fronto-striatal dysfunction plays a role in the formation and maintenance of maladaptive behaviors and thought patterns in eating disorders. Eighteen Sub-BN and nineteen healthy control women (MC) performed both motor and cognitive habit learning tasks during a single fMRI session. The first experiment examined motor-sequence habit learning via the serial reaction time task (SRTT). The results revealed similar habit learning performance between Sub-BN and healthy control women; however Sub-BN participants demonstrated decreased prefrontal cortex-striatal activation and corresponding MTL increases during habit formation. The second experiment examined regional brain activity during cognitive habit learning on the weather prediction task (WPT), which creates a competing response environment. Findings suggest Sub-BN participants show increased overall caudate nucleus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation, in addition to initial decreased involvement of the MTL and later increased involvement of the DLPFC. The third experiment utilized functional and effective network connectivity to further explore the data from experiments one and two. The results provide additional support for a disruption in MTL and fronto-striatal memory system interactions, as well as additional disruptions in patterns of "Default Mode Network" and cerebellar connectivity. This thesis demonstrates that during habit learning, disrupted interactions between MTL and fronto-striatal memory systems may be characteristic of the underlying neurobiology of eating disorders. High perfectionism and low self efficacy may result in sensitivity to uncertainty in individuals with eating disorders that alters the adaptive mechanism that controls the utilization of memory systems. In addition, changes in "Default Mode Network" connectivity, as well as increased affective cerebellar connectivity may represent mechanisms that maintain overall beliefs regarding uncertainty. Together, these findings represent viable mediators of the rigid and preoccupying thoughts and behaviors characteristic of individuals with eating disorders.
2031-01-02
Makinson, Ryan A. "Intrauterine Inflammation affects Brain Development and Cognitive Behavior in a Sex-dependent Manner." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1516718219342111.
Full textLothes, John E. "The expectancy effects of caffeine on cognitive performance /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/lothesj/johnlothes.html.
Full textMiranda, Robert Alan. "Effects of exposure to environmental pollutants on sexual behavior, reproduction, and brain gene expression." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562152.
Full textEnvironmental pollutants can act as endocrine disruptors to affect the biology of organisms including, development, reproduction, behavior, and overall health. Many endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can mimic or inhibit functions of sex steroids which are critical for the development and maintenance of vertebrate reproductive systems. Sex steroids also interact with arginine vasotocin (AVT)/arginine vasopressin (AVP; mammalian homologue) systems to mediate vertebrate social and sexual behaviors, including vocalizations in male anurans. I used the Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis, as an amphibian model species to evaluate the effects of exposure to EDCs on AVT-regulated behaviors and on brain AVT and sex steroid signaling systems.
In order to understand the role of neurohormones and social stimuli in behavior of X. tropicalis, I studied the effect AVT and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the influence of different social contexts on sexual behaviors, including calling, in males. I found that AVT and hCG treatment alone and in combination induces male sexual behavior, and the presence of a female is necessary to stimulate this behavior. I also analyzed the expression of genes related to AVT and sex steroid signaling in the brain of male and female X. tropicalis to identify genes that are expressed sexually dimorphically and could be potentially altered by EDC exposure.
Then I utilized the behavior and gene expression assays I developed to study the effects of developmental exposure to the synthetic androgen 17β-trenbolone (17β-TB) on behavior, fecundity, morphology, and brain gene expression in adult X. tropicalis. Developmental 17β-TB exposure reduced sexual behavior and inhibited female egg release during breeding trials. Exposure to 17β-TB also blocked oviduct development and altered AVT-related brain gene expression in females.
In another study I evaluated the effects of adult exposure to the common EDCs bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and triclosan (TCS) or a mixture of the three on sexual behavior, morphology, and brain gene expression in adult male Xenopus tropicalis. Behavior and brain gene expression were not significantly affected, but TCS-exposed animals had a lower normalized liver weight than animals exposed to BPA or the chemical mixture. Males exposed to BPA, NP, and the mixture also exhibited increased oviduct development compared to TCS-exposed males, and the source of the animals influenced oviduct development.
Results from my dissertation research demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disruptors can affect multiple levels of physiology. Gender, timing of exposure and nature of the chemical are also critical factors in determining these physiological effects. Importantly, because there is evolutionary conservation in vertebrates for the role of sex hormones in regulating the reproductive system as well as the AVT/AVP system and related social behaviors, my work has important broader implications for endocrine-disrupting effects from environmental chemical exposure for all wildlife and humans.
Petropoulos, Dēmētrios. "An electrophysiological study of the brain stem neural networks controlling feeding behavior in lampreys /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20837.
Full textFuchs, Thomas. "Brain-behavior adaptations to sleep loss in the nocturnally migrating Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1151365047.
Full textSalierno, James D. "Harmful algal bloom stressors alter behavior and brain activity in the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2405.
Full textThesis research directed by: Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Petropoulos, Demetrios. "An electrophysiological study of the brain stem neural networks controlling feeding behavior in lampreys." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ44244.pdf.
Full textCummings, Alycia Erin. "Brain and behavior in children with phonological delays phonological, lexical, and sensory system interactions /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3352373.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed May 8, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-259).
Chaffin, Andrew C. "Brain Structures Associated with Temperament and Social Behavior in Rhesus Monkeys: An MRI Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4062.
Full textGundel, Friederike [Verfasser]. "Mindfulness Training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy Investigation on Brain Activity by NIRS / Friederike Gundel." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234450879/34.
Full textFuchs, Thomas. "BRAIN-BEHAVIOR ADAPTATIONS TO SLEEP LOSS IN THE NOCTURNALLY MIGRATING SWAINSON’S THRUSH (CATHARUS USTULATUS)." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1151365047.
Full textBajwa, Garima. "Sensing and Decoding Brain States for Predicting and Enhancing Human Behavior, Health, and Security." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862723/.
Full textAust, Sabine [Verfasser]. "The Influence of Early Life Stress on Affective Functioning : An Investigation of Behavior, Brain Structure and Music-Induced Emotional Brain Responses / Sabine Aust." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038694868/34.
Full textLepore, Marino. "Parametric and neurological studies of brain stimulation reward." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41660.
Full textGaworecki, Kristen M. "Changes in brain biochemistry and feeding behavior in hybrid striped bass exposed to environmental contaminants." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1233080573/.
Full textKroff, Savannah Leigh. ""Love on the Brain":? Exploring the Influence of Lyrics on Sexting and Risky Sexual Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7330.
Full textMeyniel, Florent. "How the human brain allocates physical effort over time : evidence from behavior, neuroimaging and pharmacology." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066366.
Full textNo pain, no gain: optimal decisions involve a tradeoff between cost and benefit. We propose that in physical effort allocation, this tradeoff is unfolded over time. We present a task to investigate this process in the laboratory with healthy humans and we suggest a computational model to account for decisions to stop and resume the effort. Costs increase during exertion, due to fatigue at all stages of the motor command and decrease during rest, due to recovery. We show that this dynamic may be captured by a cost-evidence variable and compared to the expected benefit. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) complementarily showed that cost-evidence may be implemented in proprioceptive regions of the brain: posterior insula and ventro-medial thalamus. In addition, MEG showed that motor beta (13-30 Hz) desynchronization mediates the effect of incentives to hasten effort resumption. This strategic invigoration of rest is supported by a behavioral dissociation: the expected utility (not the actual utility) modulates rest durations. Together, our results support that the behavior is adapted on the fly to cost-evidence levels and that this mechanism is modulated strategically according to the expected cost and benefit. This behavior was not affected by pain killers (hypnosis or paracetamol), but by serotonin (Escitalopram). This work bridges a gap between sport medicine, value-based decision-making and accumulation models in neuroscience in showing that accumulation and dissipation of cost-evidence can guide the optimization of effort allocation: this mechanism implements the maximization of benefit while the body costs are minimized
Gabella, Kristin. "THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH REPEATED STRESS EXPOSURE ALTERS BRAIN CYTOKINES: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEPRESSIVE-LIKE BEHAVIOR." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1367676963.
Full textGoodchild, Rose Ellen. "The histamine system in human brain : changes in neurological and psychiatric disorders." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297567.
Full textKuteeva, Eugenia. "Brain galanin systems and their role in depression-like behaviour /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-135-7/.
Full text