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1
Thaut, Michael H. "Neurologic Music Therapy in Cognitive Rehabilitation." Music Perception 27, no. 4 (2010): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2010.27.4.281.
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NEUROLOGIC MUSIC THERAPY LAST CAME INTO research and clinical focus via cognitive rehabilitation. New imaging techniques studying higher cognitive functions in the human brain 'in vivo' and theoretical advancements in music and brain function have facilitated this development. There are shared cognitive and perceptual mechanisms and shared neural systems between musical cognition and parallel nonmusical cognitive functions that provide access for music to affect general nonmusical functions, such as memory, attention, and executive function. The emerging clinical literature shows substantial support for these effects in rehabilitative retraining of the injured brain. Key findings relevant for clinical applications of neurologic music therapy to cognitive rehabilitation are presented and discussed below.
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Darvesh, Sultan, Chris MacKnight, and Kenneth Rockwood. "Butyrylcholinesterase and Cognitive Function." International Psychogeriatrics 13, no. 4 (2001): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610201007876.
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Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is expressed in brain structures involved in cognition, but the effect of selective BuChE inhibitors on human cognitive function is unknown. We report a patient whose cognitive function deteriorated following a reduction and improved following reinstitution of ethopropazine, a selective BuChE inhibitor. We suggest that, because neurons expressing BuChE may be involved in cognition, there is merit to further evaluation of selective BuChE inhibitors in treating cognitive dysfunction.
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O’Shanick, Gregory J. "Cognitive Function after Brain Injury1." NeuroRehabilitation 1, no. 1 (1991): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-1991-1108.
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Schneider, Julie A. "Brain Microbleeds and Cognitive Function." Stroke 38, no. 6 (2007): 1730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.107.487173.
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ZOLER, MITCHEL L. "Cognitive Function, Brain Hormone Linked." Caring for the Ages 11, no. 5 (2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-4114(10)60114-x.
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Scisciola, Lucia, Rosaria Anna Fontanella, Surina, Vittoria Cataldo, Giuseppe Paolisso, and Michelangela Barbieri. "Sarcopenia and Cognitive Function: Role of Myokines in Muscle Brain Cross-Talk." Life 11, no. 2 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020173.
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Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle mass and function, and it is associated with severe complications, which are falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment, defined as a decline in one or more cognitive domains as language, memory, reasoning, social cognition, planning, making decisions, and solving problems. Although the exact mechanism relating to sarcopenia and cognitive function has not yet been defined, several studies have shown that skeletal muscle produces and secrete molecules, called myokines, that regulate brain functions, including mood, learning, locomotor activity, and neuronal injury protection, showing the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk. Moreover, studies conducted on physical exercise supported the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk, showing how physical activity, changing myokines' circulating levels, exerts beneficial effects on the brain. The review mainly focuses on describing the role of myokines on brain function and their involvement in cognitive impairment in sarcopenia.
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Bahrudin, Mochamad, Adni Pratiwi, Anang Bayu Seta, and Risma Karlina Prabawati. "The Effect of Brain Training Game activities on Improvement of Cognitive Function measured by Montreal Cognitive Assesment Indonesia version (MoCA-Ina)." Saintika Medika 18, no. 1 (2022): 80–91. https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.vol18.smumm1.21569.
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The function of cognition in young adults (around the age of 20 years) mostly does not develop to its peak, even though at that age a person needs better cognitive abilities to deal with the lectures. Brain training game activities by playing games through the NeuronationTM application can improve cognitive function. To determine the effect of Brain training activities on improvement of cognitive function. Experimental study with two group pre and post design. 74 Sample were medical students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang class of 2017-2018, divided into control and treatment groups of 37 samples each. The treatment group was given by game brain game training 30 minutes a day, 20 times in 4 weeks.. Cognitive function was measured by the MoCA-Ina test in the control group and pre and post test. The hypothesis test used the pairet samples test. Cognitive function of pre and post test of the control group good cognitive function increased 2.69% and cognitive function of pre and post test of treatment group increased 58.8% with the result of pairet sample analysis of significant p = 0,000 which means that in the control group there was a tendency for increased function cognition after treatment (post test) but the improvement was not significant. In the treatment group with brain training activities cognitive function increased sharply and statistically significant, Brain training activities affect the improvement of cognitive function.
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Spreng, R. Nathan, and Gary R. Turner. "The Shifting Architecture of Cognition and Brain Function in Older Adulthood." Perspectives on Psychological Science 14, no. 4 (2019): 523–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619827511.
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Cognitive aging is often described in the context of loss or decline. Emerging research suggests that the story is more complex, with older adults showing both losses and gains in cognitive ability. With increasing age, declines in controlled, or fluid, cognition occur in the context of gains in crystallized knowledge of oneself and the world. This inversion in cognitive capacities, from greater reliance on fluid abilities in young adulthood to increasingly crystallized or semanticized cognition in older adulthood, has profound implications for cognitive and real-world functioning in later life. The shift in cognitive architecture parallels changes in the functional network architecture of the brain. Observations of greater functional connectivity between lateral prefrontal brain regions, implicated in cognitive control, and the default network, implicated in memory and semantic processing, led us to propose the default-executive coupling hypothesis of aging. In this review we provide evidence that these changes in the functional architecture of the brain serve as a neural mechanism underlying the shifting cognitive architecture from younger to older adulthood. We incorporate findings spanning cognitive aging and cognitive neuroscience to present an integrative model of cognitive and brain aging, describing its antecedents, determinants, and implications for real-world functioning.
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Barnes, Jill N. "Exercise, cognitive function, and aging." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 2 (2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00101.2014.
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Increasing the lifespan of a population is often a marker of a country's success. With the percentage of the population over 65 yr of age expanding, managing the health and independence of this population is an ongoing concern. Advancing age is associated with a decrease in cognitive function that ultimately affects quality of life. Understanding potential adverse effects of aging on brain blood flow and cognition may help to determine effective strategies to mitigate these effects on the population. Exercise may be one strategy to prevent or delay cognitive decline. This review describes how aging is associated with cardiovascular disease risks, vascular dysfunction, and increasing Alzheimer's disease pathology. It will also discuss the possible effects of aging on cerebral vascular physiology, cerebral perfusion, and brain atrophy rates. Clinically, these changes will present as reduced cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and the onset of dementia. Regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function, and we hypothesize that this occurs through beneficial adaptations in vascular physiology and improved neurovascular coupling. This review highlights the potential interactions and ideas of how the age-associated variables may affect cognition and may be moderated by regular exercise.
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Waldstein, Shari R. "The Relation of Hypertension to Cognitive Function." Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 1 (2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01212.
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Hypertension is an established risk factor for stroke. However, prior to such a major clinical event, hypertension exerts a more subtle impact on the brain that is revealed by diminished cognitive function. Studies comparing the performance of people with high and normal blood pressure levels have shown that high blood pressure or hypertension is related to poorer performance on tests of attention, learning and memory, executive functions, visuospatial skills, psychomotor abilities, and perceptual skills. Hypertension is also predictive of cognitive decline. Variables that may alter (i.e., moderate) the relation of hypertension to cognitive function include age, education, several biological characteristics of hypertension, and the presence of concurrent diseases. Although hypertensives are not clinically impaired, their diminished levels of cognitive performance could affect their perceived quality of life. Various brain mechanisms may explain the relation of hypertension to lower levels of cognitive function. Further understanding of the relation between hypertension and cognition is critical to the preservation of cognitive function across the life span.
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Bocarsly, Miriam E., Maria Fasolino, Gary A. Kane, et al. "Obesity diminishes synaptic markers, alters microglial morphology, and impairs cognitive function." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 51 (2015): 15731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511593112.
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Obesity is a major public health problem affecting overall physical and emotional well-being. Despite compelling data suggesting an association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention. Neuroimaging studies in obese humans report reduced size of brain regions involved in cognition, but few studies have investigated the cellular processes underlying cognitive decline in obesity or the influence of obesity on cognition in the absence of obesity-related illnesses. Here, a rat model of diet-induced obesity was used to explore changes in brain regions important for cognition. Obese rats showed deficits on cognitive tasks requiring the prefrontal and perirhinal cortex. Cognitive deficits were accompanied by decreased dendritic spine density and synaptic marker expression in both brain regions. Microglial morphology was also changed in the prefrontal cortex. Detrimental changes in the prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex occurred before metabolic syndrome or diabetes, suggesting that these brain regions may be particularly vulnerable to early stage obesity.
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Hillman, Charles H., Naiman A. Khan, and Shih-Chun Kao. "The Relationship of Health Behaviors to Childhood Cognition and Brain Health." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 66, Suppl. 3 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381237.
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Background: Physical activity and aerobic fitness have been shown to have positive implications for children's cognitive performance and brain structure and function. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that excess body mass is related to decreased cognitive performance and differential brain structure and function. Recently, several randomized controlled trials have provided causal evidence for the beneficial effects of daily physical activity on cognition and its neural underpinnings. However, the data linking excess body mass to compromised cognitive function are largely correlational since trials that manipulate body mass to determine changes in brain and cognition remain sparse. Such studies are sorely needed to provide strong evidence for the relation of childhood health behaviors to not only physical, but brain health as well. Summary: This manuscript provides a brief review of the current literature on physical activity and excess body mass on brain structure, brain function, and an aspect of cognition known as executive control, which refers to cognitive processes involved in the intentional component of environmental interaction. Generally, the findings indicate that daily physical activity or higher aerobic fitness is related to greater volume and integrity of brain structure, efficient and effective brain function, and superior executive control. Alternatively, excess body mass is related to decreased integrity of brain structure, less effective brain function, and poorer executive control. Key Messages: The findings have considerable implications for lifespan health and effective functioning, and demonstrate that childhood health behaviors have implications not only for cognitive and brain health but also for scholastic performance and educational attainment.
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Sui, Sophia X., Lana J. Williams, Kara L. Holloway-Kew, Natalie K. Hyde, and Julie A. Pasco. "Skeletal Muscle Health and Cognitive Function: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010255.
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Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation.
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Lin, Mengxue. "Harmonizing Brain Function." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 17, no. 1 (2025): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.365123.
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As brain diseases become more prevalent, early assessment of brain function is increasingly vital. This study introduces a piano sight-reading data collection and processing system, along with a quantitative evaluation method for brain health based on spatiotemporal dimensions. The system demonstrated effective data storage and analysis, with speed and ability scores improving over time. At the highest difficulty (D), the right hand outperformed the left in both speed (7% advantage) and ability (8.6% higher score). Over time, Speed scores peaked at 90 for the left hand and 73 for the right, while ability scores reached 96 and 92, respectively. The method showed high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (90%), with positive and negative predictive values of 90.2% and 91.8%, confirming its reliability for detecting cognitive improvement and decline. These findings highlight the potential of musical training for early cognitive assessment and brain health promotion.
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Cicerone, Keith, Harvey Levin, James Malec, Donald Stuss, and John Whyte. "Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions for Executive Function: Moving from Bench to Bedside in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 7 (2006): 1212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1212.
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Executive function mediated by prefrontally driven distributed networks is frequently impaired by traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a result of diffuse axonal injury and focal lesions. In addition to executive cognitive functions such as planning and working memory, the effects of TBI impact social cognition and motivation processes. To encourage application of cognitive neuroscience methods to studying recovery from TBI, associated reorganization of function, and development of interventions, this article reviews the pathophysiology of TBI, critiques currently employed methods of assessing executive function, and evaluates promising interventions that reflect advances in cognitive neuroscience. Brain imaging to identify neural mechanisms mediating executive dysfunction and response to interventions following TBI is also discussed.
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Amtonis, Inosensia, and Ulfa Husnul Fata. "The Effect of Brain Gym to the Improvement of Cognitive Function." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 1, no. 2 (2014): 087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v1i2.art.p087-092.
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The decline of cognitive function is a process of mental decline that include attention, language, memory, orientation capability, calculation and reasoning. Cognitive function changed significantly along the trajectories of the aging process. The function of Brain gym is important to improve brain function decline of the cognitive function in the elderly. The way of brain gym is to make a balance between the left and right brain functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brain gym to the enhancement of cognitive function in elderly at UPT PSLU Blitar. Method: The research design was one group pre-post test design on December 2-21 Juli 2014. The sampel of the research was 18 elderly at UPT PSLU Blitar, it was chosen using purposive sampling. The data analysis used Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Result: The results showed that the elderly cognitive decline before doing the brain gym were 9 people (50%) in the category of severe, and after doing the brain gym the result were increased in the category of normal. There was significant effect in the catogories of cognitive function with p value 0.00. Discussion: It was suggested for nurses that brain gym had an effect to the improvement of cognitive function to elderly.
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Tsai, Sheng-Tzung, Hsiang-Yi Hung, and Shin-Yuan Chen. "Deep brain stimulation modifies cognitive function." Tzu Chi Medical Journal 25, no. 2 (2013): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcmj.2013.01.005.
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Lieberman, Harris R. "Nutrition, brain function and cognitive performance☆." Appetite 40, no. 3 (2003): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6663(03)00010-2.
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Visser, Pieter Jelle, and Betty Tijms. "Brain Amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Function." JAMA 317, no. 22 (2017): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.6895.
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Noyumala, Noyumala, and Musaidah Musaidah. "Brain Gym with Elderly Cognitive Function." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIKA) 5, no. 1 (2023): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36590/jika.v5i1.505.
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Memory is one of the cognitive processes that is usually worse in older people. Improving cognitive abilities can be done with brain exercises. This study aims to determine the effect of cognitive function on the elderly before and after brain training in the working area of ??the Bontoramba Public Health Center, Kab. Gowa, 2022. The type of research was a Pre-Experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest design using one group. A total of 35 subjects were selected using Purposive Sampling. Data collection was through interviews, while the MMSE (Mini Mental State Exam) instrument was used to measure the cognitive function of the elderly. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtains Positive Ranks or difference (positive) values, which showed that there were 29 subjects whose cognitive function increased from the pre-test score to the post-test score, where the average increase score was 15,00 and the total score was 435,00. This means that there is a significant influence between the cognitive function of the elderly before and after the test. It is concluded that brain exercise has an effect on increasing the cognitive function of the elderly in the working area of the Bontoramba Health Center, Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency.
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Sachdeva, Rahul, Feng Gao, Chetwyn C. H. Chan, and Andrei V. Krassioukov. "Cognitive function after spinal cord injury." Neurology 91, no. 13 (2018): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006244.
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ObjectiveTo systematically examine the incidence of cognitive impairment in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as identify potential contributing and confounding factors.MethodsStudies quantitatively reporting cognitive ability after spinal cord injury were searched electronically via Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. Manual screening for references within articles was also performed. A total of 2,481 studies were screened and a total of 70 were included in this review, 21 reporting cognitive function after SCI compared to an able-bodied control group and 49 with no able-bodied controls. Studies were analyzed for the incidence of impairment and the interactions with concomitant traumatic brain injury, psychological or somatic complaints, decentralized cardiovascular control, sleep apnea, neurologic level of injury, and age.ResultsThere is a high volume of evidence reporting substantial cognitive impairment in individuals with SCI. Potential co-contributors include concomitant brain injury, psychological or somatic comorbidities, decentralized cardiovascular control, and sleep apnea. Cognitive functioning was negatively correlated with age. No clear agreement was found for the incidence of cognitive impairment or its association with level of injury.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that individuals with SCI should be examined and addressed for cognitive impairment. Future studies aimed at identifying potential secondary causative factors should employ stringent controls for co-occurring brain trauma since it appears to be a major contributor and confounder to impaired cognition.
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Royer, Michael F., Nicolas Guerithault, B. Blair Braden, Melissa N. Laska, and Meg Bruening. "Food Insecurity Is Associated with Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Findings across the Life Course." International Journal of Translational Medicine 1, no. 3 (2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtm1030015.
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Food insecurity (FI) has negative implications across the life course that include poor health outcomes among both children and adults. However, the behavioral mechanisms by which FI impacts health behaviors are not clear. By understanding how FI is related to cognitive function/brain structure across the life course, we can design more targeted interventions. A systematic literature review was performed by conducting comprehensive database searches in Google Scholar and PubMed. Inclusion criteria required studies to include measures of FI and cognitive function/brain structure in humans. Study sample, design, outcomes, and biases were extracted. In total, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Cognitive domains included general cognition (n = 13), executive function (n = 10), visuospatial abilities (n = 4), and verbal memory (n = 8). No studies examined brain structure. Most studies (88%) indicated significant inverse associations between FI and cognitive function across all stages of the life course, particularly for general cognition and executive function. Significant inverse associations were observed between FI and either general cognition or executive function among children (n = 3) and adults (n = 12). All studies considered confounding variables; however, given that all were observational, no causality can be inferred from the findings. These findings indicate that FI is related to lower cognitive function across the life course. Research should explore how changes in food security status impacts cognitive function and brain structure to develop optimal FI interventions and improve cognitive health.
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Pruitt, Patrick J., Jessica S. Damoiseaux, Benjamin M. Hampstead, et al. "Salience Network Functional Connectivity Mediates Association Between Social Engagement and Cognition in Non-Demented Older Adults: Exploratory Investigation." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 8, no. 1 (2024): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/adr-220082.
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Background: Social engagement has beneficial effects during cognitive aging. Large-scale cognitive brain network functions are implicated in both social behaviors and cognition. Objective: We evaluated associations between functional connectivity (FC) of large-scale brain cognitive networks and social engagement, characterized by self-reported social network size and contact frequency. We subsequently tested large-scale brain network FC as a potential mediator of the beneficial relationship between social engagement and cognitive performance. Methods: 112 older adults (70.7±7.3 years, range 54.6–89.7; 84 women) completed the Lubben Social Network Scale 6 (LSNS-6), National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set 3 (UDS-3) cognitive battery, and resting state fMRI. We completed seed-based correlational analysis in the default mode and salience networks. Significant associations between social engagement scores and cognitive performance, as well as between social engagement and FC of brain networks, informed the construction of mediation models. Results: Social engagement was significantly associated with executive function and global cognition, with greater social engagement associated with better cognitive performance. Social engagement was significantly associated with salience network FC, with greater social engagement associated with higher connectivity. Salience network FC partially mediated associations between social engagement and both executive function and global cognition. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the salience network is a key mediator of the beneficial relationship between social engagement and cognition in older adults.
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Lestari, Maria Suci, Lilik Ma'rifatul Azizah, and Etik Khusniyati. "Pengaruh Brain Gym terhadap Fungsi Kognitif pada Lansia di Panti Werdha Majapahit Kabupaten Mojokerto." Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Rustida 7, no. 2 (2020): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55500/jikr.v7i2.107.
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One health problem that often arises in the old population is a decline in cognitive function. Efforts to improve cognitive function in the old are brain exercises. Brain gym with edu K exercises or training and kinesis (movement) throughout the brain through renewal of certain motion patterns to open previously obstructed or closed parts of the brain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brain gymnastics on improving cognitive function of old. The design used in this research is experimental pra experimental type with pretest-post test one group design approach. The population in this study were all old people who decreased cognitive function in the Majapahit Nursing Home Mojokerto District in July 2018 as many as 22 people. The sampling technique of this research is purposive sampling. The sample size were 13 persons. Independent variable was brain gym while the cognitive function as dependent variable. The instrument used is MMSE questionnaire and brain gymnast SOP. Data analysis using Wilcoxon Test. The results showed that almost all respondents experienced a probable cognitive impairment before doing brain gym in a number of 11 people (86%), and most respondents experienced probable cognitive impairment after a brain gym of 7 people (53.8%). Wilcoxon signed rank test results interpreted ρ value = 0.046<α, so H1 accepted, meaning there was a weak influence of brain gymnastics on old cognitive function in the Majapahit Nursing Home. Movement of brain gymnastics will stimulate parts of the brain to regenerate the brain functions that have decreased, because with brain gymnastics then the blood flow to the brain will be more fluent and meet the needs of brain cells to function properly.
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Kiangsungnoen, Jutarat, Wimolrat Puwarawuttipanit, Chontira Riangkam, and Yong Rongrungruang. "Effectiveness of a Brain Training Program on the Cognitive Function of Sepsis Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study." Siriraj Medical Journal 77, no. 3 (2025): 209–19. https://doi.org/10.33192/smj.v77i3.272129.
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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a brain training program designed to enhance the cognitive function of sepsis survivors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial at a tertiary care hospital involving 67 participants aged over 18 years with participants randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental group (n=33) receiving the brain training program, and a control group (n=34) receiving standard care only. We measured cognitive function at three different time points: Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12, using the Thai Mental State Examination for testing and repeated measure ANOVA for statistical analysis. Results: The experimental group had a higher mean cognitive function score at Week 6 posttest than at pretest. At Week 12, the mean cognitive function score increased significantly compared with that at pretest (F = 442.279, p < .001) and the experimental group had a higher mean cognitive function score than the control group (F = 104.905, p < .001). Conclusion: The brain training program significantly increased the cognitive function levels of sepsis survivors in 6–12 weeks. The result of this study shows the benefits of a brain training program in increasing cognitive functions. Therefore, such a brain training program should be implemented among sepsis survivors to improve their cognitive functions.
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Bu, Meiru, Xi Deng, Yu Zhang, Sean W. Chen, Muliang Jiang та Bihong T. Chen. "Brain iron content and cognitive function in patients with β-thalassemia". Therapeutic Advances in Hematology 14 (січень 2023): 204062072311670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406207231167050.
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Patients with β-thalassemia (β-TM) may have brain iron overload from long-term blood transfusions, ineffective erythropoiesis, and increased intestinal iron absorption, leading to cognitive impairment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as the transverse relaxation rate, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping can provide quantitative, in vivo measurements of brain iron. This review assessed these MRI methods for brain iron quantification and the measurements for cognitive function in patients with β-TM. We aimed to identify the neural correlates of cognitive impairment, which should help to evaluate therapies for improving cognition and quality of life in patients with β-TM.
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Li, Xin, Yezhou Wang, Wenxiao Wang, et al. "Age-Related Decline in the Topological Efficiency of the Brain Structural Connectome and Cognitive Aging." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 8 (2020): 4651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa066.
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Abstract Brain disconnection model has been proposed as a possible neural mechanism for cognitive aging. However, the relationship between structural connectivity degeneration and cognitive decline with normal aging remains unclear. In the present study, using diffusion MRI and tractography techniques, we report graph theory-based analyses of the brain structural connectome in a cross-sectional, community-based cohort of 633 cognitively healthy elderly individuals. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of the elderly subjects was performed. The association between age, brain structural connectome, and cognition across elderly individuals was examined. We found that the topological efficiency, modularity, and hub integration of the brain structural connectome exhibited a significant decline with normal aging, especially in the frontal, parietal, and superior temporal regions. Importantly, network efficiency was positively correlated with attention and executive function in elderly subjects and had a significant mediation effect on the age-related decline in these cognitive functions. Moreover, nodal efficiency of the brain structural connectome showed good performance for the prediction of attention and executive function in elderly individuals. Together, our findings revealed topological alterations of the brain structural connectome with normal aging, which provides possible structural substrates underlying cognitive aging and sensitive imaging markers for the individual prediction of cognitive functions in elderly subjects.
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Geng, Ruhui. "Cognitive deficits in depressive disorder." Theoretical and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (2023): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/8/20240379.
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Depression is a globally prevalent mental disorder, often accompanied by various cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairment in depression is related to brain dysfunction, resulting from focal brain damage affecting cognitive functions. Its primary manifestations include memory loss, visual disturbances, hallucinations, executive function deficits, and difficulties in sustaining attention. Cognitive functions encompass perception, cognition, and interaction with the external environment, constituting complex brain processes. Presently, our understanding of cognitive impairment in depression remains somewhat limited, underscoring the importance of further in-depth research. Damage to specific brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial temporal lobe can result in cognitive deficits in severe depression patients. Interventions tailored to these lesions, such as computerized cognitive tasks and brain stimulation techniques, contribute to cognitive improvement in depression patients. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques, including breath control, assist patients in reducing stress and negative emotions. Cognitive bias modification and creative art therapy promote both mental and physical well-being. Moreover, exposure to pleasant music and engaging in aerobic exercise facilitate the recovery of depression patients with cognitive impairments. Regarding pharmacological treatments, duloxetine, vortioxetine, liraglutide, intranasal insulin, and intracerebral insulin can be employed for intervention in cognitive impairment associated with depression.
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Gain, Ulla. "The cognitive function and the framework of the functional hierarchy." Applied Computing and Informatics 16, no. 1/2 (2018): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aci.2018.03.003.
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Cognitive computing is part of AI and cognitive applications consists of cognitive services, which are building blocks of the cognitive systems. These applications mimic the human brain functions, for example, recognize the speaker, sense the tone of the text. On this paper, we present the similarities of these with human cognitive functions. We establish a framework which gathers cognitive functions into nine intentional processes from the substructures of the human brain. The framework, underpins human cognitive functions, and categorizes cognitive computing functions into the functional hierarchy, through which we present the functional similarities between cognitive service and human cognitive functions to illustrate what kind of functions are cognitive in the computing. The results from the comparison of the functional hierarchy of cognitive functions are consistent with cognitive computing literature. Thus, the functional hierarchy allows us to find the type of cognition and reach the comparability between the applications.
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KOZMA, ROBERT, and H. JOHN CAULFIELD. "NEURODYNAMIC CORRELATES OF HIGHER COGNITION AND CONSCIOUSNESS — EDITORIAL." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001350.
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In spite of the explosive growth of experimental research in basic neurobiology and neurophysiology of brain components in the past decade, understanding the integrated functioning of the brain remains a significant scientific challenge. Essential for understanding human brain function is the detailed knowledge concerning the spatio-temporal dynamics of neuronal populations and their intricate interactions during cognitive functions. The aim of the present issue is to examine brain dynamics and cognitive functions from a multidisciplinary perspective and to introduce the most recent results in this research frontier. Topics relevant to the special issue include: (i) Modeling brain dynamics at the mesoscopic and macroscopic scales, including dynamical systems with distributed parameters; (ii) Applying tools of discrete mathematics, statistical and quantum physics, network science to describe the dynamics of brains; (iii) Experimental research on brain dynamics from various aspects, including fundamental neurobiology, evoked potentials, functional brain imaging, and cognitive functions; (iv) Clinical neuroscience issues for improved diagnosis of dynamic brain diseases and their potential therapies. This special issue is dedicated to Professor Walter J. Freeman on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Dr. Freeman produced breakthrough contributions to research on brain dynamics over the past five decades. The present issue covers all aspects of neurodynamics, starting from neural populations of high-level cognition and consciousness, as well as philosophical aspects and practical implementations on digital computers and hardware designs.
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Holland, Negin, Trevor W. Robbins, and James B. Rowe. "The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders." Brain 144, no. 8 (2021): 2243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab111.
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Abstract Many aspects of cognition and behaviour are regulated by noradrenergic projections to the forebrain originating from the locus coeruleus, acting through alpha and beta adrenoreceptors. Loss of these projections is common in neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to their cognitive and behavioural deficits. We review the evidence for a noradrenergic modulation of cognition in its contribution to Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and other cognitive disorders. We discuss the advances in human imaging and computational methods that quantify the locus coeruleus and its function in humans, and highlight the potential for new noradrenergic treatment strategies.
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Yusuf, Ah, Retno Indarwati, and Arifudin Dwi Jayanto. "Brain Gym Improves Cognitive Function for Elderly." Jurnal Ners 5, no. 1 (2017): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v5i1.3927.
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Introduction: The degradation of cognitive function present early dementia in elderly. Brain gym is one of the alternative implementation to improve the cognitive function of elderly. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of brain gym to the improvement of cognitive function in elderly.Methods: This study used Quasy Experimental design. The populations were elderly in Social Service Unit Tresna Werdha Lamongan. The samples were recruited using purposive sampling, consist of 30 respondents, taken according to the inclusion criteria. Samples then divided into 2 groups, experimental groups and control groups. The independent variable of research this study was brain gym and the dependent variable was cognitive function at elderly. Data were collected by using MMSE score and then analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test with level of significance α ≤ 0.05.Results: Result showed that there is an effect of brain gym to the improvement of cognitive function in elderly (p = 0.001). The difference of cognitive function also seen between experimental groups and control groups (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is brain gym improve cognitive function in elderly. The simple movement of brain gym able to coordinate the brain function so the brain activity become more optimal hence the improvement of memory function, recall and concentration.
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Mendrofa, Fery Agusman Motuho, Dwi Indah Iswanti, and Umi Hani. "Efficacy of Brain Gym on the Cognitive Function Improvement of People with Dementia." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 4 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.557-564.
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Dementia is a neurodegenerative syndrome caused by a chronic and progressive disorder accompanied by decreased brain function that affects emotions, memory, decision making, behavior and other brain functions that interfere with daily activities. This study aimed to determine differences in cognitive function in elderly dementia before and after brain exercise. This was a quasi-experimental research with one group pre and post-test design conducted in June 2020. The population was residents in some nursing homes in Semarang City. Samples who were willing to participate in research, 60-80 years old, and had Clock Drawing Test score in more than 2 were included for this study. The sample in this study was 63 older adults who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The respondents enrolled in brain gym eight times each morning for 10-15 minutes in 2 weeks. Due to the pandemic, these interventions assisted by facilitators and adhered to health protocols in every interaction. The cognitive function obtained from the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire for pre and post-test. Univariate analysis described cognitive function in the elderly before and after brain exercise. The normality test using Shapiro Wilk showed that the data were normally distributed so that the dependent T-test was carried out to determine the effectiveness of brain exercise therapy on cognitive function in elderly dementia. The mean cognitive function before brain exercise was 6.6, and after brain exercise, it was 8.8. There was a significant difference between cognitive function before and after brain exercise (p-value <o.o5). Brain exercise affects improving cognitive function in older adults with dementia.
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Awasthi, Sanjay, Ashly Hindle, Neha A. Sawant, et al. "RALBP1 in Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease." Cells 10, no. 11 (2021): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113113.
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The purpose of our study is to understand the role of the RALBP1 gene in oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dysfunction and cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. The RALPB1 gene encodes the 76 kDa protein RLIP76 (Rlip). Rlip functions as a stress-responsive/protective transporter of glutathione conjugates (GS-E) and xenobiotic toxins. We hypothesized that Rlip may play an important role in maintaining cognitive function. The aim of this study is to determine whether Rlip deficiency in mice is associated with AD-like cognitive and mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain tissue obtained from cohorts of wildtype (WT) and Rlip+/− mice were analyzed for OS markers, expression of genes that regulate mitochondrial fission/fusion, and synaptic integrity. We also examined mitochondrial ultrastructure in brains obtained from these mice and further analyzed the impact of Rlip deficiency on gene networks of AD, aging, stress response, mitochondrial function, and CREB signaling. Our studies revealed a significant increase in the levels of OS markers and alterations in the expression of genes and proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and synapses in brain tissues from these mice. Furthermore, we compared the cognitive function of WT and Rlip+/− mice. Behavioral, basic motor and sensory function tests in Rlip+/− mice revealed cognitive decline, similar to AD. Gene network analysis indicated dysregulation of stress-activated gene expression, mitochondrial function and CREB signaling genes in the Rlip+/− mouse brain. Our results suggest that Rlip deficiency-associated increases in OS and mitochondrial dysfunction could contribute to the development or progression of OS-related AD processes.
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Acevedo, Bianca P., Novia Dattatri, Jennifer Le, Claire Lappinga, and Nancy L. Collins. "Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback Using fNIRS Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (2022): 5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095531.
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This study examined the effects of a 4-week cognitive training program with neurofeedback (CT-NF) among 86 healthy adults (M = 66.34 years, range 54–84) randomized to either a treatment (app-based ABC games) or control (Tetris) group. Participants completed seven cognitive assessments, pre- and post-intervention, and measured their cortical brain activity using a XB-01 functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain sensor, while engaging in CT-NF. The treatment (ABC) group showed significant (pre/post-intervention) improvements in memory (MEM), verbal memory (VBM), and composite cognitive function, while the control group did not. However, both groups showed significant improvements in processing speed (PS) and executive function (EF). In line with other studies, we found that strength of cortical brain activity (measured during CT-NF) was associated with both cognitive (pre and post) and game performance. In sum, our findings suggest that CT-NF and specifically ABC exercises, confer improved cognition in the domains of MEM, VBM, PS, and EF.
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Rao, Stephen M. "Cognitive Function in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Impairment and Treatment." International Journal of MS Care 6, no. 1 (2004): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-6.1.9.
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Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), with up to 65% of patients exhibiting some type of neuropsychological dysfunction. The cognitive domains most affected by MS are learning and memory, attention, information processing, visuospatial abilities, and executive functioning. It is difficult to detect cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS during routine neurologic examinations because conventional measures of neurologic disability are not sensitive enough to detect cognitive impairment. Furthermore, cognitive dysfunction is only weakly correlated with the type of MS, disease duration, or physical disability. However, brain imaging studies show that a relatively strong correlation exists between cognitive dysfunction and overall lesion burden and brain atrophy in MS. This paper reviews the natural history of cognitive dysfunction, areas of cognition affected, the correlation between MRI measures and cognitive dysfunction, issues related to neuropsychological assessment, and treatment of cognitive impairment with disease-modifying MS drugs.
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Euser, S. M., A. Hofman, R. G. J. Westendorp, and M. M. B. Breteler. "Serum uric acid and cognitive function and dementia." Brain 132, no. 2 (2008): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn316.
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Narnavre, Nidhi Devdatt, and Nidhi Suthar. "Effect of Neurobic Exercises on Cognitive Function in Older Adults." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 9, no. 3 (2024): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240329.
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BACKGROUND: Neurobics focuses on brain exercises. The brain exercise program includes changing daily routines to engage the senses—vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Neurobics activate neuronal systems and increase blood circulation to the brain—aging-related cognitive decline and cognitive impairment greatly impact. Cognitive issues like dementia can lead to disability in older adults. Prioritizing overall health is essential for independence and quality of life. Neurobics means “Neuro + aerobics = Neurobics.” PURPOSE: Neurobic exercises are a type of brain exercise that aims to stimulate the brain by challenging activities. The primary goal is to enhance memory and cognitive abilities. It is done by utilizing our non-dominant hand to brush our teeth, combing hair, buttoning clothes, etc. This study finds out the effectiveness of neurotic exercise programs on cognitive function in older adults. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To find out the effect of neurobic exercises on cognitive function in older adults METHODS: An experimental study was done on 42 participants aged between 65-74 years, both males and females were included. Patients are conveniently divided into two groups. Group 1 Interventional group receive neurobic exercise, and group 2 control group receive standard care. The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (New Zealand Versions - 2020) was used to assess the cognitive functions in older adults before and after the treatments. (4 days/week for 2 weeks.) RESULT: An independent t-test was employed to compare the groups; the results showed that, for cognitive functions in older persons, p = 0.002 was significant. The t values between the groups were t=29.3 in cognitive functions, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that neurobic exercises effectively improved cognitive function in older adults. Keywords: Neurobic exercises, cognitive functions, older adults, Mini Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination scale.
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Heyn, Patricia, Pallavi Sood, Hannes Devos, Ahmed Negm, and Sandra Kletzel. "Brain Games for Dementia: Do They Help?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2803.
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Abstract Brain Gaming (BG) Interventions have been shown to improve the cognitive function of older adults with cognitive impairments (CIs). However, rigorous evaluation supporting BG effectiveness is needed. Thus, we used meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of BG. Several search databases (i.e. Pubmed) were used to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Cochrane RoB tool evaluated risk of bias. The main outcome was the composite score of cognitive function. Inverse-variance random effects model was used to compare the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) across studies. A total of 16 RCTs included 909 participants. The RCTs varied in sample size, gaming platform, training prescription, and cognition. The meta-analysis showed no significant effects of BG on overall cognitive function (pooled SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.24 – 0.41], p = 0.61, I2 = 77%. However, due to high heterogeneity, we cannot confidently refute that BG is an effective cognitive training approach.
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Chaurasia, I. D. "Effectiveness of Homotaurine in the Management of Cognitive Function Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury." International Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery 12, no. 2 (2020): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijnns.0975.0223.12220.4.
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Gupta, Aditi, Rebecca J. Lepping, Alan S. L. Yu, et al. "Cognitive Function and White Matter Changes Associated with Renal Transplantation." American Journal of Nephrology 43, no. 1 (2016): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444334.
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Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a disease with an aging population and a high prevalence of cognitive impairment affecting quality of life, health care costs and mortality. Structural changes in the brain with decreased white matter integrity have been observed in ESRD. Understanding the changes in cognition and associated changes in brain structure after renal transplantation can help define the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in ESRD. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study in ESRD patients listed for renal transplantation and followed them post-transplantation. We assessed their cognitive function with a battery of neuropsychological tests and brain white matter integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) both before transplant and 3 months after transplant. Results: Eleven patients, aged 56.5 ± 10.7 years, completed the study. Cognitive measures of memory and executive function improved after the transplant, specifically on tests of logical memory I (p = 0.004), logical memory II (p = 0.003) and digit symbol (p < 0.0001). DTI metrics also improved post the transplant with an increase in fractional anisotropy (p = 0.01) and decrease in mean diffusivity (p = 0.004). These changes were more prominent in tracts associated with memory and executive function. Conclusions: Cognitive function, particularly memory and executive function, improve post the transplant with concurrent improvements in white matter integrity in tracts associated with memory and executive function. These data suggest that abnormalities in cognition and brain structure seen in the ESRD population are at least partially reversible.
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Khan, Naiman A., and Charles H. Hillman. "The Relation of Childhood Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness to Brain Function and Cognition: A Review." Pediatric Exercise Science 26, no. 2 (2014): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0125.
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Physical inactivity has been shown to increase the risk for several chronic diseases across the lifespan. However, the impact of physical activity and aerobic fitness on childhood cognitive and brain health has only recently gained attention. The purposes of this article are to: 1) highlight the recent emphasis for increasing physical activity and aerobic fitness in children’s lives for cognitive and brain health; 2) present aspects of brain development and cognitive function that are susceptible to physical activity intervention; 3) review neuroimaging studies examining the cross-sectional and experimental relationships between aerobic fitness and executive control function; and 4) make recommendations for future research. Given that the human brain is not fully developed until the third decade of life, preadolescence is characterized by changes in brain structure and function underlying aspects of cognition including executive control and relational memory. Achieving adequate physical activity and maintaining aerobic fitness in childhood may be a critical guideline to follow for physical as well as cognitive and brain health.
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Raj, A. Resmy, та Minakshi A. Randive. "Prakṛti and Its Influence on Cognitive Brain Functions and Academic Performance". Journal of Indian Medical Heritage 3, № 4 (2024): 206–27. https://doi.org/10.4103/jimh.jimh_53_24.
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Abstract Background: Āyurveda explains the diversity of physical, physiological, and behavioral attributes of individuals through the concept of Prakṛti, or body temperament. This variability extends to different cognitive brain functions, which are influenced by an individual’s Prakṛti. Key cognitive functions such as attention, processing speed, executive function, language, and verbal skills are crucial for academic performance. Aims and Objective: To understand the relationship of Prakṛti with cognitive brain functions and academic performance. Materials and Methods: Various Āyurveda compendiums and research articles were reviewed to gather the data on cognition, Prakṛti and its significance on academic performance. Results and Conclusion: There are only limited empirical research works available that are systematically exploring the connection between these variables. If interdisciplinary scientific approaches can systematically prove the connections between Prakṛti and cognitive brain functions, personalized educational strategies can be implemented that can foster student’s unique cognitive strengths and address weaknesses, thus enhancing learning outcomes and supporting individual academic growth.
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Chen, Yijing, Jinying Xu, and Yu Chen. "Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (2021): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062099.
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Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic, peripheral immune, and central nervous systems via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it is not well understood how the gut microbiome and neurons in the brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect normal brain functioning and cognition. We summarize the mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota regulate the production, transportation, and functioning of neurotransmitters. We also discuss how microbiome dysbiosis affects cognitive function, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
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Zussy, Charleine, Rijo John, Théo Urgin, et al. "Intranasal Administration of Nanovectorized Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Improves Cognitive Function in Two Complementary Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease." Antioxidants 11, no. 5 (2022): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050838.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a class of fatty acids that are closely associated with the development and function of the brain. The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). In humans, low plasmatic concentrations of DHA have been associated with impaired cognitive function, low hippocampal volumes, and increased amyloid deposition in the brain. Several studies have reported reduced brain DHA concentrations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. Although a number of epidemiological studies suggest that dietary DHA consumption may protect the elderly from developing cognitive impairment or dementia including AD, several review articles report an inconclusive association between omega-3 PUFAs intake and cognitive decline. The source of these inconsistencies might be because DHA is highly oxidizable and its accessibility to the brain is limited by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, there is a pressing need for new strategies to improve DHA brain supply. In the present study, we show for the first time that the intranasal administration of nanovectorized DHA reduces Tau phosphorylation and restores cognitive functions in two complementary murine models of AD. These results pave the way for the development of a new approach to target the brain with DHA for the prevention or treatment of this devastating disease.
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Zussy, Charleine, Rijo John, Théo Urgin, et al. "Intranasal Administration of Nanovectorized Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Improves Cognitive Function in Two Complementary Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease." Antioxidants 11, no. 5 (2022): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050838.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a class of fatty acids that are closely associated with the development and function of the brain. The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). In humans, low plasmatic concentrations of DHA have been associated with impaired cognitive function, low hippocampal volumes, and increased amyloid deposition in the brain. Several studies have reported reduced brain DHA concentrations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. Although a number of epidemiological studies suggest that dietary DHA consumption may protect the elderly from developing cognitive impairment or dementia including AD, several review articles report an inconclusive association between omega-3 PUFAs intake and cognitive decline. The source of these inconsistencies might be because DHA is highly oxidizable and its accessibility to the brain is limited by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, there is a pressing need for new strategies to improve DHA brain supply. In the present study, we show for the first time that the intranasal administration of nanovectorized DHA reduces Tau phosphorylation and restores cognitive functions in two complementary murine models of AD. These results pave the way for the development of a new approach to target the brain with DHA for the prevention or treatment of this devastating disease.
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Clark, Kevin B. "Neural Field Continuum Limits and the Structure–Function Partitioning of Cognitive–Emotional Brain Networks." Biology 12, no. 3 (2023): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12030352.
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In The cognitive-emotional brain, Pessoa overlooks continuum effects on nonlinear brain network connectivity by eschewing neural field theories and physiologically derived constructs representative of neuronal plasticity. The absence of this content, which is so very important for understanding the dynamic structure-function embedding and partitioning of brains, diminishes the rich competitive and cooperative nature of neural networks and trivializes Pessoa’s arguments, and similar arguments by other authors, on the phylogenetic and operational significance of an optimally integrated brain filled with variable-strength neural connections. Riemannian neuromanifolds, containing limit-imposing metaplastic Hebbian- and antiHebbian-type control variables, simulate scalable network behavior that is difficult to capture from the simpler graph-theoretic analysis preferred by Pessoa and other neuroscientists. Field theories suggest the partitioning and performance benefits of embedded cognitive-emotional networks that optimally evolve between exotic classical and quantum computational phases, where matrix singularities and condensations produce degenerate structure-function homogeneities unrealistic of healthy brains. Some network partitioning, as opposed to unconstrained embeddedness, is thus required for effective execution of cognitive-emotional network functions and, in our new era of neuroscience, should be considered a critical aspect of proper brain organization and operation.
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De Geus, Eco J. C., and D. I. Boomsma. "A Genetic Neuroscience Approach to Human Cognition." European Psychologist 6, no. 4 (2001): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.6.4.241.
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A large gap exists between behavior genetics and cognitive neuroscience, although psychologists feature prominently in both fields. Behavior genetics focuses on individual differences and, through sophisticated statistical modeling in twin and family studies, addresses the genetic and environmental contribution to variation in cognitive ability. Cognitive neuroscience tends to focus on species universals in brain function during specific cognitive operations, which are isolated by clever experimental design, and located in the time and (brain) space by modern imaging techniques. This paper describes the complementary approach of “genetic neuroscience” that integrates the study of cognition as an individual trait and the study of cognition as an universal process. It is argued that the intermediate phenotypes or “endophenotypes” of brain function and structure from neuroscience will boost the power of geneticists' association and linkage approaches to find the genes underlying differences in cognitive ability. Neuroscience, in turn, will profit greatly from successfully identified gene functions. Genes can provide insight in the “black box” between molecular events and cognition. They offer many opportunities to lay bare gene by environment interactions in the psychological laboratory. By reviewing some of the main issues in each field and summarizing the mutual advantages of collaboration between geneticists and neuroscientists we hope to mount further support for a complementary approach.
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Penland, James G. "Dietary Boron, Brain Function, and Cognitive Performance." Environmental Health Perspectives 102 (November 1994): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3431965.
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TANAKA, Hisaya. "Cognitive Function Evaluation by Brain-Computer Interface." Journal of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/kansei.18.1_3.
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