Relevant bibliographies by topics / Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroscience, Diffusion-weighted MRI / Journal articles
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Journal articles on the topic 'Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroscience, Diffusion-weighted MRI'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023
Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Alghamdi, Ahmad Joman. "The Value of Various Post-Processing Modalities of Diffusion Weighted Imaging in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis." Brain Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13040622.

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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed its adequacy in evaluating the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and lesions in the brain that are difficult to evaluate with routine clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, MRI systems have been developed with regard to software and hardware, leading to different proposed diffusion analysis methods such as diffusion tensor imaging, q-space imaging, diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and axonal diameter measurement. These methods have the ability to better detect in v
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van der Voort, Sebastian R., Marion Smits, and Stefan Klein. "DeepDicomSort: An Automatic Sorting Algorithm for Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data." Neuroinformatics 19, no. 1 (2020): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12021-020-09475-7.

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AbstractWith the increasing size of datasets used in medical imaging research, the need for automated data curation is arising. One important data curation task is the structured organization of a dataset for preserving integrity and ensuring reusability. Therefore, we investigated whether this data organization step can be automated. To this end, we designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) that automatically recognizes eight different brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan types based on visual appearance. Thus, our method is unaffected by inconsistent or missing scan metadata. It c
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Ahmad, Asma Hayati, Siti Hajar Zabri, Siti Mariam Roslan, et al. "Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Human Reward System Research: A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualisation of Current Research Trends." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 31, no. 4 (2024): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2024.31.4.9.

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Background: The human reward system has been extensively studied using neuroimaging. This bibliometric analysis aimed to determine the global trend in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and human reward research in terms of the number of documents, the most active countries and their collaborating countries, the top journals and institutions, the most prominent authors and most cited articles, and research hotspots. Methods: The research datasets were acquired from the Scopus database. The search terms used were ‘reward’ AND ‘human’ AND ‘diffusion imaging’ OR ‘diffusion tensor imaging
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4

de Jong, Joost J. A., Jacobus F. A. Jansen, Laura W. M. Vergoossen, et al. "Effect of Magnetic Resonance Image Quality on Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity: The Maastricht Study." Brain Sciences 14, no. 1 (2024): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010062.

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In population-based cohort studies, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is vital for examining brain structure and function. Advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), provide insights into brain connectivity. However, biases in MRI data acquisition and processing can impact brain connectivity measures and their associations with demographic and clinical variables. This study, conducted with 5110 participants from The Maastricht Study, explored the relationship between brain connectivity and various image quality metrics (e.g., signa
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Shibata, Yasushi, Masayuki Goto, and Sumire Ishiyama. "Analysis of Migraine Pathophysiology by Magnetic Resonance Imaging." OBM Neurobiology 6, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201115.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate migraine pathophysiology because it is a non-invasive technique. The main aim of clinical imaging for patients with headaches is to exclude secondary headaches due to organic lesions. Conventional structural imaging techniques such as routine MRI demonstrate white matter lesions, changes in gray matter volume or cortical thickness, and cerebral blood flow in patients with migraine. Changes in metabolite levels are observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Diffusion tensor imaging, neurite orientation dispersion, density imaging,
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Silvagni, Ettore, Alessandra Bortoluzzi, Massimo Borrelli, Andrea Bianchi, Enrico Fainardi, and Marcello Govoni. "Cerebral Microstructure Analysis by Diffusion-Based MRI in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Lessons Learned and Research Directions." Brain Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010070.

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Diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, namely diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), have been performed in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), either with or without neuropsychiatric (NP) involvement, to deepen cerebral microstructure alterations. These techniques permit the measurement of the variations in random movement of water molecules in tissues, enabling their microarchitecture analysis. While DWI is recommended as part of the initial MRI assessment of SLE patients suspected for NP involvement, DTI is not routinely part o
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Linden, Annemie Van der, Marleen Verhoye, and Göran E. Nilsson. "Does Anoxia Induce Cell Swelling in Carp Brains? In Vivo MRI Measurements in Crucian Carp and Common Carp." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 1 (2001): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.125.

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Although both common and crucian carp survived 2 h of anoxia at 18°C, the response of their brains to anoxia was quite different and indicative of the fact that the crucian carp is anoxia tolerant while the common carp is not. Using in vivo T2 and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we studied anoxia induced changes in brain volume, free water content (T2), and water homeostasis (water diffusion coefficient). The anoxic crucian carp showed no signs of brain swelling or changes in brain water homeostasis even after 24 h except for the optic lobes, where cellular edema was indic
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8

Smit, Dirk J. A., Dennis van ‘t Ent, Greig de Zubicaray, and Jason L. Stein. "Neuroimaging and Genetics: Exploring, Searching, and Finding." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 3 (2012): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.20.

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This issue on the genetics of brain imaging phenotypes is a celebration of the happy marriage between two of science's highly interesting fields: neuroscience and genetics. The articles collected here are ample evidence that a good deal of synergy exists in this marriage. A wide selection of papers is presented that provide many different perspectives on how genes cause variation in brain structure and function, which in turn influence behavioral phenotypes (including psychopathology). They are examples of the many different methodologies in contemporary genetics and neuroscience research. Gen
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Esposito, Romina, Marta Bortoletto, Domenico Zacà, Paolo Avesani, and Carlo Miniussi. "An integrated TMS-EEG and MRI approach to explore the interregional connectivity of the default mode network." Brain Structure and Function 227, no. 3 (2022): 1133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02453-6.

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AbstractExplorations of the relation between brain anatomy and functional connections in the brain are crucial for shedding more light on network connectivity that sustains brain communication. In this study, by means of an integrative approach, we examined both the structural and functional connections of the default mode network (DMN) in a group of sixteen healthy subjects. For each subject, the DMN was extracted from the structural and functional resonance imaging data; the areas that were part of the DMN were defined as the regions of interest. Then, the target network was structurally exp
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Mao, Chenglu, Yang Zhang, Jialiu Jiang, et al. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Punding in Parkinson’s Disease." Brain Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101423.

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Punding is a rare condition triggered by dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterized by a complex, excessive, repetitive, and purposeless abnormal movement, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. We aimed to assess the brain structure alterations related to punding by using multipametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty-eight PD patients (19 with punding and 19 without punding) from the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) were included in this study. Cortical thickness was assessed with FreeSurfer, and the integrity of white matter fiber tracts and netwo
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11

Fagan, Madison M., Kelly M. Scheulin, Sydney E. Sneed, et al. "White Matter Integrity and Motor Function Disruption Due to Traumatic Brain Injury in Piglets: Impacts on Motor-Related Brain Fibers." Brain Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030247.

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Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) often induces significant disability in patients, including long-term motor deficits. Early detection of injury severity is key in determining a prognosis and creating appropriate intervention and rehabilitation plans. However, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, such as T2 Weighted (T2W) sequences, do not reliably assess the extent of microstructural white matter injury. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography enables three-dimensional reconstruction of specific white matter tracts throughout the brain in order to detect white matter
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Wang, Yun, Zejin Jia, Yuelei Lyu, Qian Dong, Shujuan Li, and Wenli Hu. "Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analysis in the characteristics of Wilson’s disease: A case report and literature review." Open Life Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2021-0071.

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Abstract Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to provide evidence of the extent and severity of brain lesions. However, there are few studies related to the diagnosis of WD with multimodal MRI. Here, we reported a WD patient who was subjected to Sanger sequencing, conventional MRI, and multimodal MRI examinations, including susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL). Sanger sequencing demonstrated two pathogenic mutations in exon 8 of the ATP7B gene. Slit-lamp examination r
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Dennis, Emily L., Talin Babikian, Christopher C. Giza, Paul M. Thompson, and Robert F. Asarnow. "Neuroimaging of the Injured Pediatric Brain: Methods and New Lessons." Neuroscientist 24, no. 6 (2018): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858418759489.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem in the United States, especially for children and adolescents. Current epidemiological data estimate over 600,000 patients younger than 20 years are treated for TBI in emergency rooms annually. While many patients experience a full recovery, for others there can be long-lasting cognitive, neurological, psychological, and behavioral disruptions. TBI in youth can disrupt ongoing brain development and create added family stress during a formative period. The neuroimaging methods used to assess brain injury improve each year, prov
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14

Reddy, Ravikanth. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Perinatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: An Institutional Experience." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 13, no. 01 (2022): 087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742157.

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Abstract Background Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most commonly diagnosed neurological abnormality affecting children leading to severe neurological deficits and a cause of neonatal mortality. HIE constitutes a diagnostic challenge in the prematurely born and full-term neonates. HIE causes severe neurological deficit in children and many a times goes unnoticed in early stages. The various patterns of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in HIE are dependent on factors, such as severity and duration of hypoxia, and brain maturity in preterm and full-term patients. Magnetic re
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15

Alotaibi, Abdulmajeed, Christopher Tench, Rebecca Stevenson, et al. "Investigating Brain Microstructural Alterations in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: A Systematic Review." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020140.

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Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have an impact on the microstructural environment and cognitive functions of the brain due to its microvascular/macrovascular complications. Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques can allow detection of brain volume reduction in people with diabetes. However, conventional MRI is insufficiently sensitive to quantify microstructural changes. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been used as a sensitive MRI-based technique for quantifying and assessing brain microstructural abnormalities in patients with diabetes. This systematic review aims to
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Richards, Todd L. "Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopic Imaging of the Brain: Application of fmri and fmrs to Reading Disabilities and Education." Learning Disability Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2001): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511243.

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This tutorial/review covers functional brain-imaging methods and results used to study language and reading disabilities. Although the main focus is on functional MRI and functional MR spectroscopy, other imaging techniques are discussed briefly such as positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencepholography (MEG), and MR diffusion imaging. These functional brain-imaging studies have demonstrated that dyslexia is a brain-based disorder and that serial imaging studies can be used to study the effect of treatment on functional brain activity.
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Bekiesińska-Figatowska, Monika, Krystyna Chrzanowska, Elżbieta Jurkiewicz, et al. "Magnetic resonance imaging of brain abnormalities in patients with the Nijmegen breakage syndrome." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 64, no. 4 (2004): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2004-1532.

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The results of brain MRI are presented in 22 patients with documented Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), aged from 1 and 9/12 to 20 years. T1-, PD or FLAIR and T2-weighted SE/TSE images in three planes were obtained. Twenty-one patients showed microcephaly. Decreased size of frontal lobes and narrow frontal horns of the lateral ventricles was observed in all cases. In 6 patients agenesis of the posterior part of the corpus callosum was found as well as colpocephaly and temporal horn dilatation. In 2 patients callosal hypoplasia was accompanied by other anomalies: abnormal cerebrospinal fluid sp
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18

Baghchechi, Mohsen, Amy Plaia, Mary Hamer, Nirmalya Ghosh, Stephen Ashwal, and Andre Obenaus. "Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Identifies Iron-Oxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells: Automated Computational Detection." Developmental Neuroscience 38, no. 6 (2016): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000455837.

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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HII) can lead to devastating neurological outcomes such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and mental retardation. Human neural stem cell (hNSC) therapy provides new hope for the treatment of neonatal HII. These multipotent cells can aid in HII recovery by activating multiple reparative mechanisms including secretion of neurotrophic factors that enhance brain repair and plasticity. For clinical use of implanted hNSCs, methods are required to identify, quantify, track, and visualize migration and replication in an automated and reproducible fashion. In the curr
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Makris, Nikos, Poliana Hartung Toppa, Richard J. Rushmore, et al. "Combined T1-weighted MRI and diffusion MRI tractography of paraventricular, locus coeruleus, and dorsal vagal complex connectivity in brainstem-hypothalamic nuclei." Journal of Biological Methods 11, no. 4 (2024): e99010036. http://dx.doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2024.0043.

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Background: Current multimodal neuroimaging plays a critical role in studying clinical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, major depression, and other disorders related to chronic stress. These conditions involve the brainstem-hypothalamic network, specifically the locus coeruleus (LC), dorsal vagal complex (DVC), and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, collectively referred to as the “DVC-LC-PVN circuitry.” This circuitry is strongly associated with the norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurotransmitter systems, which are implicated in the regul
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Reed, Mark, Christopher Miller, Cortney Connor, Jason S. Chang, and Forshing Lui. "Fat droplets in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces of the brain." AIMS Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (2024): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/neuroscience.2024029.

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<p>It is rare to find free floating fat droplets in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) spaces of the brain. When fat droplets are seen in the CSF spaces, the most common cause is the rupture of a dermoid cyst. Dermoid cysts are congenital inclusion cysts that form during the neural tube closure between the third and fifth weeks of embryogenesis. In this case report, we describe a case of a 74-year-old, right-handed female who presented with an acute onset of visual disturbances and left-hand numbness. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed hypoden
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Shamabadi, Ahmad, Hanie Karimi, Giulia Cattarinussi, et al. "Neuroimaging Correlates of Treatment Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Bipolar Depression: A Systematic Review." Brain Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050801.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a promising strategy for bipolar disorder (BD). This study reviews neuroimaging findings, indicating functional, structural, and metabolic brain changes associated with TMS in BD. Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar were searched without any restrictions for studies investigating neuroimaging biomarkers, through structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomograp
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Postans, M., G. D. Parker, H. Lundell, et al. "Uncovering a Role for the Dorsal Hippocampal Commissure in Recognition Memory." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (2019): 1001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz143.

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Abstract The dorsal hippocampal commissure (DHC) is a white matter tract that provides interhemispheric connections between temporal lobe brain regions. Despite the importance of these regions for learning and memory, there is scant evidence of a role for the DHC in successful memory performance. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and white matter tractography to reconstruct the DHC in both humans (in vivo) and nonhuman primates (ex vivo). Across species, our findings demonstrate a close consistency between the known anatomy and tract reconstructions of the DHC. Ant
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Martinie, Ophélie, Philippe Karan, Elodie Traverse, Catherine Mercier, Maxime Descoteaux, and Maxime T. Robert. "The Challenge of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cerebral Palsy: A Proposed Method to Identify White Matter Pathways." Brain Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101386.

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Cerebral palsy (CP), a neuromotor disorder characterized by prenatal brain lesions, leads to white matter alterations and sensorimotor deficits. However, the CP-related diffusion neuroimaging literature lacks rigorous and consensual methodology for preprocessing and analyzing data due to methodological challenges caused by the lesion extent. Advanced methods are available to reconstruct diffusion signals and can update current advances in CP. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing diffusion CP data using a standardized and open-source pipeline. Eight children with CP (8–12 years o
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Phukan, Pranjal, Kalyan Sarma, Barun Kumar Sharma, Deb K. Boruah, Bidyut Bikash Gogoi, and Daniala Chuunthang. "MRI Spectrum of Japanese Encephalitis in Northeast India: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 12, no. 02 (2021): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722820.

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Abstract Objective Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus infection having high mortality and morbidity. This study was performed to evaluate the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in JE and to find out any difference between pediatric and adult JE. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on serologically positive 54 JE patients presented to a tertiary care hospital with acute encephalitic symptoms between April 2016 and October 2019. Relevant neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and MRI scan of the brain were per
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Donadieu, Maxime, Hannah Kelly, Diego Szczupak, et al. "Ultrahigh-resolution MRI Reveals Extensive Cortical Demyelination in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Multiple Sclerosis." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 1 (2020): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa235.

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Abstract Cortical lesions are a primary driver of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, noninvasive detection of cortical lesions with in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains challenging. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset is a relevant animal model of MS for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to brain damage. This study aimed to characterize cortical lesions in marmosets with EAE using ultrahigh-field (7 T) MRI and histological analysis. Tissue preparation was optimized to enable the acquisition of high-spatial resolu
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Marcus, Daniel S., Tracy H. Wang, Jamie Parker, John G. Csernansky, John C. Morris, and Randy L. Buckner. "Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS): Cross-sectional MRI Data in Young, Middle Aged, Nondemented, and Demented Older Adults." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 9 (2007): 1498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1498.

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The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies is a series of magnetic resonance imaging data sets that is publicly available for study and analysis. The initial data set consists of a cross-sectional collection of 416 subjects aged 18 to 96 years. One hundred of the included subjects older than 60 years have been clinically diagnosed with very mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The subjects are all right-handed and include both men and women. For each subject, three or four individual T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained in single imaging sessions are included. Multiple within-
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Han, Meizhen, Guoyuan Yang, Hai Li, et al. "Individualized Cortical Parcellation Based on Diffusion MRI Tractography." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 5 (2019): 3198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz303.

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Abstract The spatial topological properties of cortical regions vary across individuals. Connectivity-based functional and anatomical cortical mapping in individuals will facilitate research on structure–function relationships. However, individual-specific cortical topographic properties derived from anatomical connectivity are less explored than those based on functional connectivity. We aimed to develop a novel individualized anatomical connectivity-based parcellation framework and investigate individual differences in spatial topographic features of cortical regions using diffusion magnetic
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Zdanovskis, Nauris, Ardis Platkājis, Andrejs Kostiks, Guntis Karelis, and Oļesja Grigorjeva. "Brain Structural Connectivity Differences in Patients with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070943.

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Advances in magnetic resonance imaging, particularly diffusion imaging, have allowed researchers to analyze brain connectivity. Identification of structural connectivity differences between patients with normal cognition, cognitive impairment, and dementia could lead to new biomarker discoveries that could improve dementia diagnostics. In our study, we analyzed 22 patients (11 control group patients, 11 dementia group patients) that underwent 3T MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. We reconstructed DTI images and used the Desikan–Killiany–
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Rieu, ZunHyan, JeeYoung Kim, Regina EY Kim, et al. "Semi-Supervised Learning in Medical MRI Segmentation: Brain Tissue with White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation Using FLAIR MRI." Brain Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060720.

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White-matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a primary biomarker for small-vessel cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and others. The association of WMH with brain structural changes has also recently been reported. Although fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide valuable information about WMH, FLAIR does not provide other normal tissue information. The multi-modal analysis of FLAIR and T1-weighted (T1w) MRI is thus desirable for WMH-related brain aging studies. In clinical settings, however, FLAIR is often the only available modality. In th
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Zhou, Qian, Meiqun Tian, Huan Yang, and Yue-Bei Luo. "Adult-Onset Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like (MELAS-like) Episode: A Case Report and Review of Literature." Brain Sciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12101377.

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Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disease with highly heterogeneous manifestations. Curvilinear hyperintensity along the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted images (DWI) is a vital clue for diagnosing NIID. DWI hyperintensity tends to show an anterior-to-posterior propagation pattern as the disease progresses. The rare cases of its disappearance may lead to misdiagnosis. Here, we reported a NIID patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like (MELAS-like) episode, and reversible DWI hyperintensities. A review of
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Norris, David G. "Diffusion imaging of the brain." Diffusion Fundamentals 2 (September 25, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.62721/diffusion-fundamentals.2.301.

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This chapter presents a brief introduction to the application of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to in vivo studies. Diffusion-weighted MRI has found application both in the clinic, and in basic neuroscience. In the former situation it is primarily used for the detection of brain lesions, in particular infarcted regions. The ability to follow fibre tracts in white matter via diffusion tensor imaging has also made this methodology of interest to the neurosurgeon wishing to avoid severance of essential fibre tracts, but also of interest to the cognitive neuroscientist explori
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Wu, Shuhui, Yuxin Wang, Yaqin Song, Hongjie Hu, Liang Jing, and Wei Zhu. "Application of magnetic resonance imaging-related techniques in the diagnosis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: present status and prospect." Frontiers in Neuroscience 17 (May 25, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1152630.

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Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) refers to diffuse brain dysfunction secondary to systemic infection without central nervous system infection. The early diagnosis of SAE remains a major clinical problem, and its diagnosis is still exclusionary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) related techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), molecular MRI (mMRI), arterial spin-labeling (ASL), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), currently provide new options for the early identification of SAE. This review collected clinical and basic resear
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Shiohama, Tadashi, and Keita Tsujimura. "Quantitative Structural Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analyses: Methodological Overview and Application to Rett Syndrome." Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (April 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.835964.

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Congenital genetic disorders often present with neurological manifestations such as neurodevelopmental disorders, motor developmental retardation, epilepsy, and involuntary movement. Through qualitative morphometric evaluation of neuroimaging studies, remarkable structural abnormalities, such as lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, white matter lesions, and cortical tubers, have been identified in these disorders, while no structural abnormalities were identified in clinical settings in a large population. Recent advances in data analysis programs have led to significant progress in the quantitative
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Liu, Yin, Liyan Lu, Fengfang Li, and Yu-Chen Chen. "Neuropathological Mechanisms of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Perspective From Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (June 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.923662.

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for more than 80% of the total number of TBI cases. The mechanism of injury for patients with mTBI has a variety of neuropathological processes. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanism of the mTBI is unclear, which affects the early diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and prognosis evaluation. More and more multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been applied for the diagnosis of mTBI, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging, susceptibility-weighted imagin
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Wang, Shi-jing, Hao Geng, Si-rui Cheng, et al. "A weighted cranial diffusion-weighted imaging scale for Wilson’s disease." Frontiers in Neuroscience 17 (August 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1186053.

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ObjectivesCranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be a crucial tool for the assessment for neurological symptoms in patients with Wilson’s disease (WD). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity reflects the acute brain injuries, which mainly occur in specific brain regions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a weighted cranial DWI scale for patients with WD, with special focus on specific brain regions.Materials and methodsIn total, 123 patients with WD were enrolled, 118 of whom underwent 1.5 T-MRI on admission. The imaging score was calculated as described previously and de
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Triana, Ana María, Jari Saramäki, Enrico Glerean, and Nicholas Mark Edward Alexander Hayward. "Neuroscience meets behavior: A systematic literature review on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain combined with real‐world digital phenotyping." Human Brain Mapping 45, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26620.

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AbstractA primary goal of neuroscience is to understand the relationship between the brain and behavior. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examines brain structure and function under controlled conditions, digital phenotyping via portable automatic devices (PAD) quantifies behavior in real‐world settings. Combining these two technologies may bridge the gap between brain imaging, physiology, and real‐time behavior, enhancing the generalizability of laboratory and clinical findings. However, the use of MRI and data from PADs outside the MRI scanner remains underexplored. Herein, we present
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Hu, Ling, Siyu Yang, Bo Jin, and Chao Wang. "Advanced Neuroimaging Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review." Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (April 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.872609.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common source of morbidity and mortality among civilians and military personnel. Initial routine neuroimaging plays an essential role in rapidly assessing intracranial injury that may require intervention. However, in the context of TBI, limitations of routine neuroimaging include poor visualization of more subtle changes of brain parenchymal after injury, poor prognostic ability and inability to analyze cerebral perfusion, metabolite and mechanical properties. With the development of modern neuroimaging techniques, advanced neuroimaging techniques have greatl
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Sebenius, Isaac, Jakob Seidlitz, Varun Warrier, et al. "Robust estimation of cortical similarity networks from brain MRI." Nature Neuroscience, July 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-023-01376-7.

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AbstractStructural similarity is a growing focus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of connectomes. Here we propose Morphometric INverse Divergence (MIND), a new method to estimate within-subject similarity between cortical areas based on the divergence between their multivariate distributions of multiple MRI features. Compared to the prior approach of morphometric similarity networks (MSNs) on n > 11,000 scans spanning three human datasets and one macaque dataset, MIND networks were more reliable, more consistent with cortical cytoarchitectonics and symmetry and more correlated with trac
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Yoshimaru, Daisuke, Tomokazu Tsurugizawa, Naoya Hayashi, et al. "Relationship between regional volume changes and water diffusion in fixed marmoset brains: an in vivo and ex vivo comparison." Scientific Reports 14, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78246-0.

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AbstractEx vivo studies of the brain are often employed as experimental systems in neuroscience. In general, brains for ex vivo MRI studies are usually fixed with paraformaldehyde to preserve molecular structure and prevent tissue destruction during long-term storage. As a result, fixing brain tissue causes microstructural changes and a decrease in brain volume. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the regional effect of brain volume and microstructural changes on the restricted diffusion of water molecules in the common marmoset brain using in vivo and ex vivo brains from t
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Ni, Ruiqing. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tauopathy Animal Models." Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 13 (January 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.791679.

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The microtubule-associated protein tau plays an important role in tauopathic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and primary tauopathies such as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Tauopathy animal models, such as transgenic, knock-in mouse and rat models, recapitulating tauopathy have facilitated the understanding of disease mechanisms. Aberrant accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau contributes to synaptic deficits, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, leading to cognitive impairment in animal models. Recent advances in molecular imaging using positron emissi
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Mao, Yanyan, Chao Chen, Zhenjie Wang, et al. "Generative adversarial networks with adaptive normalization for synthesizing T2-weighted magnetic resonance images from diffusion-weighted images." Frontiers in Neuroscience 16 (November 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1058487.

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Recently, attention has been drawn toward brain imaging technology in the medical field, among which MRI plays a vital role in clinical diagnosis and lesion analysis of brain diseases. Different sequences of MR images provide more comprehensive information and help doctors to make accurate clinical diagnoses. However, their costs are particularly high. For many image-to-image synthesis methods in the medical field, supervised learning-based methods require labeled datasets, which are often difficult to obtain. Therefore, we propose an unsupervised learning-based generative adversarial network
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Orset, Thomas, Julie Royo, Mathieu David Santin, Pierre Pouget, and Michel Thiebaut de Schotten. "A new open, high-resolution, multishell, diffusion-weighted imaging dataset of the living squirrel monkey." Scientific Data 10, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02126-x.

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AbstractAlthough very well adapted to brain study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains limited by the facilities and capabilities required to acquire data, especially for non-human primates. Addressing the data gaps resulting from these limitations requires making data more accessible and open. In contempt of the regular use of Saimiri sciureus in neuroscience research, in vivo diffusion has yet to be openly available for this species. Here we built and made openly available a unique new resource consisting of a high-resolution, multishell diffusion-weighted dataset in the anesthetized Sa
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Szeles, Dana M., Nicholas J. Milano, Hunter J. Moss, Maria Vittoria Spampinato, Jens H. Jensen, and Andreana Benitez. "Brain Reserve in a Case of Cognitive Resilience to Severe Leukoaraiosis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, June 16, 2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617720000569.

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Abstract Objective: Leukoaraiosis, or white matter rarefaction, is a common imaging finding in aging and is presumed to reflect vascular disease. When severe in presentation, potential congenital or acquired etiologies are investigated, prompting referral for neuropsychological evaluation in addition to neuroimaging. T2-weighted imaging is the most common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach to identifying white matter disease. However, more advanced diffusion MRI techniques may provide additional insight into mechanisms that influence the abnormal T2 signal, especially when clinical pres
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Banstola, Ashik, and John N. J. Reynolds. "Mapping sheep to human brain: The need for a sheep brain atlas." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9 (July 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.961413.

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A brain atlas is essential for understanding the anatomical relationship between neuroanatomical structures. Standard stereotaxic coordinates and reference systems have been developed for humans, non-human primates and small laboratory animals to contribute to translational neuroscience research. Despite similar neuroanatomical and neurofunctional features between the sheep and human brain, little is known of the sheep brain stereotaxy, and a detailed sheep atlas is scarce. Here, we briefly discuss the value of using sheep in neurological research and the paucity of literature concerning the c
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Hsu, Li-Ming, Shuai Wang, Lindsay Walton, Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang, Sung-Ho Lee, and Yen-Yu Ian Shih. "3D U-Net Improves Automatic Brain Extraction for Isotropic Rat Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (December 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.801008.

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Brain extraction is a critical pre-processing step in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analytical pipelines. In rodents, this is often achieved by manually editing brain masks slice-by-slice, a time-consuming task where workloads increase with higher spatial resolution datasets. We recently demonstrated successful automatic brain extraction via a deep-learning-based framework, U-Net, using 2D convolutions. However, such an approach cannot make use of the rich 3D spatial-context information from volumetric MRI data. In this study, we advanced our previously proposed U-Net architecture by
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Xu, Luyao, Hongxia Zhang, Hanye Yuan, Liwen Xie, Junliang Zhang, and Zhigang Liang. "Not your usual neurodegenerative disease: a case report of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with unconventional imaging patterns." Frontiers in Neuroscience 17 (August 10, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1247403.

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BackgroundNeuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative illness with characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations: diffuse symmetric white-matter hyperintensities in lateral cerebral ventricle areas in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and high-intensity signals along the corticomedullary junction of the frontal–parietal–temporal lobes in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we report a case of adult-onset NIID who was misdiagnosed with Susac syndrome (SS) due to unusual corpus callosum imaging findings.Case presentationA 39-yea
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Dubois, Marine, Antoine Legouhy, Isabelle Corouge, et al. "Multiparametric Analysis of Cerebral Development in Preterm Infants Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (April 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.658002.

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ObjectivesThe severity of neurocognitive impairment increases with prematurity. However, its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our aim was firstly to identify multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers that differ according to the degree of prematurity, and secondly to evaluate the impact of clinical complications on these markers.Materials and MethodsWe prospectively enrolled preterm infants who were divided into two groups according to their degree of prematurity: extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestational age) and very preterm (28–32 weeks’ gestational age). They unde
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Hou, Yanbing, and Huifang Shang. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers for Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: Current View." Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 14 (January 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.788846.

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Cognitive impairment (CI) ranging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia is a common and disturbing complication in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Numerous studies have focused on neuropathological mechanisms underlying CI in PD, along with the identification of specific biomarkers for CI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a promising method, has been adopted to examine the changes in the brain and identify the candidate biomarkers associated with CI. In this review, we have summarized the potential biomarkers for CI in PD which have been identified through multi-modal MRI s
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Yebga Hot, Raïssa, Marine Siwiaszczyk, Scott A. Love, et al. "A novel male Japanese quail structural connectivity atlas using ultra-high field diffusion MRI at 11.7 T." Brain Structure and Function, March 31, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-022-02457-2.

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AbstractThe structural connectivity of animal brains can be revealed using post-mortem diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the existence of several structural atlases of avian brains, few of them address the bird’s structural connectivity. In this study, a novel atlas of the structural connectivity is proposed for the male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), aiming at investigating two lines divergent on their emotionality trait: the short tonic immobility (STI) and the long tonic immobility (LTI) lines. The STI line presents a low emotionality trait, while the LTI lin
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Karimi, Davood, and Simon K. Warfield. "Diffusion MRI with Machine Learning." Imaging Neuroscience, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00353.

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Abstract Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of the brain offers unique capabilities including noninvasive probing of tissue microstructure and structural connectivity. It is widely used for clinical assessment of disease and injury, and for neuroscience research. Analyzing the dMRI data to extract useful information for medical and scientific purposes can be challenging. The dMRI measurements may suffer from strong noise and artifacts, and may exhibit high inter-session and inter-scanner variability in the data, as well as inter-subject heterogeneity in brain structure. Moreo
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