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Journal articles on the topic 'Brake application'
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1
Wang, Songlei, Fang Liu, and Hui Jin. "Application of Conical Surface Brakes in Cranes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2437, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2437/1/012073.
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Abstract Both drum brakes and disc brakes have their own structural limitations and advantages. As a new type of industrial brake, cone brake combines the advantages of electric hydraulic drum brake and electric hydraulic disc brake, makes up for the shortcomings of drum brake and disc brake, and greatly improves the service performance and safety performance of the brake. This paper introduces the structure composition and working principle of the conical surface brake, analyzes the advantages of the conical surface brake through the comparison with the drum brake, carries out experimental research, analyzes the test results, gives optimization suggestions for the existing shortcomings, and explores the application prospect of the new brake combined with the introduction of application examples. This paper provides a reference for the technical innovation of brake and a new choice for brake users.
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Sawczuk, Wojciech. "The Application of Vibration Accelerations in the Assessment of Average Friction Coefficient of a Railway Brake Disc." Measurement Science Review 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msr-2017-0016.
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AbstractDue to their wide range of friction characteristics resulting from the application of different friction materials and good heat dissipation conditions, railway disc brakes have long replaced block brakes in many rail vehicles. A block brake still remains in use, however, in low speed cargo trains. The paper presents the assessment of the braking process through the analysis of vibrations generated by the components of the brake system during braking. It presents a possibility of a wider application of vibroacoustic diagnostics (VA), which aside from the assessment of technical conditions (wear of brake pads) also enables the determination of the changes of the average friction coefficient as a function of the braking onset speed. Vibration signals of XYZ were measured and analyzed. The analysis of the results has shown that there is a relation between the values of the point measures and the wear of the brake pads.
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Hochlenert, Daniel, Gottfried Spelsberg-Korspeter, and Peter Hagedorn. "Friction Induced Vibrations in Moving Continua and Their Application to Brake Squeal." Journal of Applied Mechanics 74, no. 3 (June 22, 2006): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424239.
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Considerable effort is spent in the design and testing of disk brake systems installed in modern passenger cars. This effort can be reduced if appropriate mathematical–mechanical models are used for studying the dynamics of these brakes. In this context, the mechanism generating brake squeal in particular deserves closer attention. The present paper is devoted to the modeling of self-excited vibrations of moving continua generated by frictional forces. Special regard is given to an accurate formulation of the kinematics of the frictional contact in two and three dimensions. On the basis of a travelling Euler–Bernoulli beam and a rotating annular Kirchhoff plate with frictional point contact the essential properties of the contact kinematics leading to self-excited vibrations are worked out. A Ritz discretization is applied and the obtained approximate solution is compared to the exact one of the traveling beam. A minimal disk brake model consisting of the discretized rotating Kirchhoff plate and idealized brake pads is analyzed with respect to its stability behavior resulting in traceable design proposals for a disk brake.
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Tian, Feng, Jinfeng Zhu, and Zhenshe Zhang. "Design of a Drum Brake Turnover Machine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2417, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2417/1/012003.
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In order to meet the demand of turning over brakes in an automatic assembly line of drum brakes, a drum brake turnover machine is designed. SolidWorks software is used to complete the three-dimensional modeling of the mechanical structure of the whole device; The control system of the drum brake turnover machine based on Schneider M241 PLC is designed, and the AC servo system control based on CANopen BUS is realized. The precise control of the position of reclaiming, overturning, discharging and turning angle of the drum brake is achieved. The engineering application results show that the equipment has a high degree of automation, stable operation, and good economy.
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Ouyang, Qiu Bao, Wen Long Wang, Di Zhang, and Guo Ding Zhang. "Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum Composite and Its Application in Brake Discs." Key Engineering Materials 313 (July 2006): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.313.31.
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Discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites are attractive for a large range of engineering applications because of its excellent wear-resistance, high thermal conductivity and light weight etc. In this paper, DRA composites were designed and fabricated especially for automotive application, and their properties were measured. Brake discs of DRA composites were manufactured and their braking performances were investigated, including brake velocity, brake pressure, brake torque, brake deceleration, brake time and surface temperature etc. The test results show DRA composites exhibit an excellent braking performance.
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Sohn, Jung Woo, Han Gyeol Gang, and Seung-Bok Choi. "An experimental study on torque characteristics of magnetorheological brake with modified magnetic core shape." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 168781401775222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017752222.
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In this article, a new type of magnetorheological brake is designed and its torque characteristics are investigated experimentally. The proposed magnetorheological brake consists of an outer housing, a rotating drum, magnetorheological fluid, and a copper wire coiled magnetic core to generate a magnetic field. At first, the structural configurations of the magnetorheological brakes are presented with conventional and modified magnetic core shape. To achieve enhanced braking torque under limited small size, a modified magnetic core shape is adopted in the proposed magnetorheological brake. After manufacturing the magnetorheological brakes and measurement of braking torque, it is verified that the proposed magnetorheological brake with modified magnetic core shape has improved braking torque compared to conventional-type magnetorheological brake. For the actuator application, the dynamic characteristics, such as rising time, settling time, and falling time, of the proposed magnetorheological brake is also experimentally evaluated by observing the step response. In addition, the torque tracking control performance is also investigated by adopting fuzzy–proportional–integral–derivative control algorithm for desired input of sinusoidal and multi-magnitude step input. It is demonstrated that the proposed magnetorheological brake can be successfully used as an actuator with limited small size.
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Синицын, Владимир, Vladimir Sinitsyn, Владимир Кобищанов, and Vladimir Kobishchanov. "Assessment of influence of the lever drive of an automode on parameters of brake system of the car." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2014, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23223.
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The influence of design features and technological tolerance lever in the drive automatic behavior of the standard design for deviations of pressure in the brake cylinders from standard level, and therefore reducing the effectiveness of the brakes and the possibility of a skid. The application conditions of the actuator with regard to the method of calculation of the brake.
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Anantha Krishna, G. L., and K. M. Sathish Kumar. "Investigation on Eddy Current Braking Systems – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1089.
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The changing magnetic field will induce eddy currents in the conductor. These currents will dissipate energy in the conductor and generate drag force. It is found that Aluminium is the best material as conductor compared to Copper and Zinc. Also, it is found that the larger thickness of disc, more number of turns of electromagnet and higher electrical conductivity of conductor influences the generation of greater braking torque. Conventional braking system relies on adhesion force between rail and wheel. It is found that a brake built up from permanent magnet pieces that combine both magnetic rail brake and eddy current brake permits the most profitable braking action through the whole range of acceptable speeds. Permanent magnet eddy current brake uses Neodymium - Iron - Boron (NdFeB) magnets. The analysis of permanent magnet eddy current shows that the parallel magnetised eddy current topology has the superior braking torque capability. In electrically controlled eddy current braking system subjected to time varying fields in different wave forms, the triangular wave field application resulted in highest braking torque. Electromagnetic brakes were found to interfere with the signalling and train control system. Permanent magnet eddy current brakes are a simple and reliable alternative to mechanical or electromagnetic brakes in transportation applications. Greater the speed greater is the eddy current braking efficiency. Hence, author intends to work on the development and investigation of permanent magnet eddy current braking system.
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Rani, M. F. H., S. Abu Bakar, M. S. M. Hashim, A. Harun, Z. M. Razlan, W. K. Wan, I. Zunaidi, et al. "Calculating the Brake-Application Time of AEB System by Considering Maximum Deceleration Rate during a Primary Accident in Penang's Urban Road." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 3, no. 3 (April 29, 2021): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v3i3.130.
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An experimental study of the brake-application time of Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) system considering the primary accident in an urban area was proposed. Since the functionality of the brake-application time is varied between manufacturers and models, the brake-application time of AEB system must be verified based on driving behaviour in Malaysia. A primary accident was simulated to acquire vehicle deceleration rate in real condition by driving an ego vehicle at a different set of vehicle speeds. The study is focussed on the urban roads in the north region of West Malaysia, i.e. Penang. As a benchmark in this study, the brake-application time (2.6 s) introduced by Mercedes-Benz in the PRE-SAFE® Brakes technology was referred. A new braking permission time was proposed by calculating a minimum deceleration distance and Time-to-Collison (TTC) confirmation time required to brake based on maximum deceleration when a primary accident was simulated. It was found that the brake-application time recommended for the AEB system, specifically AEB City conveys the real driving condition of Penang when a primary accident happens in the urban area. To have a smooth braking and an optimum braking performance during a primary accident, the Forward Collision Warning (FCW) should be activated at TTC ≤ 4.6 s. The partial braking (PB) should be activated automatically when the TTC is approximately 2.9 s. While the automated full braking (FB) phase should begin when the TTC reaches 1.1 s.
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Agunsoye, Johnson O., Sefiu A. Bello, Adeola A. Bamigbaiye, Kayode A. Odunmosu, and Isaac O. Akinboye. "Recycled ceramic composite for automobile brake pad application." Journal of Research in Physics 39, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jrp-2018-0004.
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Abstract Ceramic tile/steel slag-graphite-Arabic gum composite has been developed using conventional casting techniques for brake pad applications. Chemical properties of the phases present in the matrix of the developed composite were examined using X-ray diffractometer. Spatial configuration of the phases was viewed using Scanning Electron Microscope. Wear and thermal properties of the developed composite were also investigated. Correlation between the properties of the developed composite and the commercial grade brake pads were made. Results showed partial homogenity of the second phase particle within the ceramic matrix. The developed composite brake pad showed a better friction property than the commercial grade brake pads up to 200 s while above this duration, the reverse was the case. The developed composite brake displayed lower wear rates and better thermal stability than the commercial grades implying optimum combination of good wear resistance, friction property and thermal stability up to 200 s. Since brake application while driving is an intermittent short span process (< 3 minutes), the developed composite could serve as a replacement for asbestos brake pad for automobile applications.
11
Dias, Anderson L., Rômulo dN Rodrigues, Roberto dA Bezerra, and Pierre Lamary. "Automotive simplex and duplex drum brake squeal analysis using the finite element method." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 53, no. 1-2 (January 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09574565211052692.
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Despite the fact that disk brakes are used on almost entire mass produced vehicle, drum brakes are still applied on light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles. However, both exhibit a high level of brake noises in which squeal is the most uncomfortable and one of the reasons behind high warranty costs that concern the automotive industry. Hence, the development of prediction methods and models of brake noise have prompted significant efforts. This study intends to analyze two types of drum brakes of a commercial automotive application. Their parametric finite element model comprises drum, shoes, and frictional linings and are submitted to a computational process that includes static calculations of the system under the brake forces to get a pre-stress state around which is computed the complex eigenvalues of the system which characterize their stability. These calculations indicate the unstable frequencies of the entire system. After the design of experiments (DOE) process, the influence of drum brake parameters on system stability can be seen. The friction coefficient and Young’s modulus presented a strong correlation with squeal incidence. At the end is presented a comparison and the optimal material parameters to decrease squeal noise occurrence of these brakes.
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Shiao, Yaojung, Quang-Anh Nguyen, and Jhe-Wei Lin. "A Study of Novel Hybrid Antilock Braking System Employing Magnetorheological Brake." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 617584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/617584.
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A novel hybrid antilock braking system (ABS) with the combination of auxiliary brake and a multipole magnetorheological (MR) brake was proposed in this paper. The MR brake with innovative operation concept can replace existed hydraulic brake system or works as an auxiliary brake. Two simulation models of the MR brakes, inner rotor and outer rotor structures, have been built. The outer rotor design was chosen due to its better braking performance and suitable mechanism for using on motorcycle. After that, motorcycle simulation software was employed to validate the hybrid ABS system under appropriated working condition. Two controllers, the ordinary and self-organizing fuzzy logic controllers (FLC and SOFLC), were evaluated on ABS performance to pick the suitable one. Simulation results confirm the more adaptations to different road conditions of the SOFLC with 18% higher brake performance compared to ones of ordinary FLC. Brake performance can increase 12% more with the combination of SOFLC and road condition estimator (RCE). It is concluded that this hybrid ABS is feasible for actual application by effectively improving the brake performance for ensuring driving stability.
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Zhao, Qiang. "Sliding Ropes Brake Device of Friction Hoist Machine Design and Application." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.185.
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In the sight of friction hoist machine transmission characteristics, analysis of the possibility of friction hoist machine sliding ropes phenomenon, sliding ropes phenomenon can be divided into safety slide and dangerous slide two states. In order to avoid the occurrence of the friction hoist machine container overwind, overfall major accident caused by steel wire ropes dangerous slide, using two encoders to sample the speed of friction hoist machine wheel and the actual speed of steel wire ropes, concluding and analyzing the sliding ropes state of friction machine, according to the hoist container position and sliding ropes trend when the steel wire ropes of friction hoist machine start to slide, determining the dangerous state of sliding ropes. Designed the sliding ropes hydraulic brake device, with the adjustable sliding ropes brake torque and fast dynamic response control function, preventing the hoist container overwind, overfall major accident, as the same time, minimizing the machinery injury to the steel wire ropes when the sliding ropes are braked, realizing flexible sliding ropes brake.
14
Zabolotnyi, Kostiantyn, Oleksand Zhupiiev, and Artur Molodchenko. "Development of a three-parameter model of the shoe brake contact interaction with the drum in mine hoisting machine." E3S Web of Conferences 60 (2018): 00039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186000039.
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For safe operation of mine hoisting machines (MHM) in the mining industry, it is necessary to provide high constructive reliability of brake systems, in particular, brake systems based on the block brake. The contact interaction of the brake with the translational movement of the shoes applied in MHM, remains insufficiently studied. In particular, it is necessary to develop a technique for accurate determination of the braking moment and forces in the elements of the brake linkage, as well as to study the nature of the pressure distribution along the brake beam. The purpose of this article is to simulate the contact interaction of the MHM brake taking into account the coefficient of friction, the ratio of the flexural stiffness to the longitudinal stiffness of a beam, as well as the ratio of the transverse stiffness of a lining to the flexural stiffness of a beam. The application of the developed model will help to reduce the maximum contact pressure in the shoe brakes of the mine hoisting machines and will allow more accurate calculation of the braking moment value compared to existing methods.
15
Zhou, Hong Feng, and Qing Li. "Application of the Flexible Brake on Wind Driven Generator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.547.
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The brake of the wind driven generator requires a gentle process. Which decreases the damage to equipment. In this paper, the flexible brake which can be realized a gentle braking is described. The application on the flexible brake of the wind driven generator are analyzed and explained. Brake is a MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) as the core. By the principle of the brake gently, flexible brake has been achieved by the principle of smooth braking. Based on the principle of pulse width modulation of the throttle valve, a safe and reliable braking force has been realized with hydraulic devices and electronic components. MCU controls relay to achieve PWM (pulse width modulation), and monitor the temperature and brake frequency monitoring and so on.
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Basri, M. Hisyam, A. H. Zulkifli, N. I. Ismail, Sharzali Che Mat, and M. M. Mahadzir. "Analysis of Concurrent Brake Application for Underbone Motorcycle." Advanced Materials Research 980 (June 2014): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.107.
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The application of single front wheel brake can yield large deceleration on underbone motorcycle. However, the motorcycle motion potentially exposed to the nosedive effect during this application. Therefore, in order to avoid this issue, the application of concurrent brake are required. Hence, this research was carried out to understand the basic braking performance for underbone motorcycle and elucidate the influenced of concurrent braking application involving the front and rear brake component. A theoritical study was carried out in this work through the derivation of motion equation for underbone motorcycle. The preliminary results showed that the total brake force and the brake force component acting on the front wheel had increased linearly with its deceleration intensity. Further study showed that in order to achieve higher safety range, the brake force applied on the front wheel should be at least 70% higher than the rear brake force intensity. This is probably due to the weight transferred condition during the underbone motorcycle braking.
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Grigoratos, Theodoros, Carlos Agudelo, Jaroslaw Grochowicz, Sebastian Gramstat, Matt Robere, Guido Perricone, Agusti Sin, et al. "Statistical Assessment and Temperature Study from the Interlaboratory Application of the WLTP–Brake Cycle." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121309.
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The relative contribution of brake emissions to traffic-induced ambient Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations has increased over the last decade. Nowadays, vehicles’ brakes are recognised as an important source of non-exhaust emissions. Up to now, no standardised method for measuring brake particle emissions exists. For that reason, the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) group has been working on the development of a commonly accepted method for sampling and measuring brake particle emissions. The applied braking cycle is an integral part of the overall methodology. In this article, we present the results of an interlaboratory study exploring the capacity of existing dynamometer setups to accurately execute the novel Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)–brake cycle. The measurements took place at eight locations in Europe and the United States. Having several dynamometers available enabled the coordination and execution of the intended exercise, to determine the sources of variability and provide recommendations for the correct application of the WLTP–brake cycle on the dyno. A systematic testing schedule was applied, followed by a thorough statistical analysis of the essential parameters according to the ISO 5725 standards series. The application of different control programmes influenced the correct replication of the cycle. Speed control turned out to be more accurate and precise than deceleration control. A crucial output of this interlaboratory study was the quantification of standard deviations for repeatability (between repeats), sample effect (between tests), laboratory effect (between facilities), and total reproducibility. Three critical aspects of the statistical analysis were: (i) The use of methods for heterogeneous materials; (ii) robust algorithms to reduce the artificial increase in variability from values with significant deviation from the normal distribution; and (iii) the reliance on the graphical representation of results for ease of understanding. Even if the study of brake emissions remained out of the scope of the current exercise, useful conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the temperature profile of the WLTP–brake cycle. Urban braking events are generally correlated to lower disc temperature. Other parameters affecting the brake temperature profile include the correct application of soak times, the temperature measurement method, the proper conditioning of incoming cooling air and the adjustment of the cooling airspeed.
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Martin, Andrea De, Giovanni Jacazio, Vincenzo Parisi, and Massimo Sorli. "Prognosis of Wear Progression in Electrical Brakes for Aeronautical Applications." PHM Society European Conference 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phme.2022.v7i1.3353.
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The evolution towards “more electric” aircrafts has seen a decisive push in the last decade, due to the growing environmental concerns and the development of new market segments (flying taxis). Such push interested both the propulsion components and the aircraft systems, with the latter seeing a progressive trend in replacing the traditional solutions based on hydraulic power with electrical or electromechanical devices. Although more attention is usually devised towards the flight control actuation, an interesting and fast-developing application field for electro-mechanical systems is that of the aeronautical brakes. Electro-mechanical brakes, or E-Brakes hereby onwards, would present several advantages over their hydraulic counterparts, mainly related to the avoidance of leakage issues and the simplification of the system architecture. The more difficult heat dissipation, associated with the thermal issues that usually constitute one of the most significant sizing constraints for electromechanical actuators, limits so far, their application (or proposal of application) to light-weight vehicles. Within this context, the development of PHM solutions would align with the need for an on-line monitoring of a relatively unproven component. This paper deals with the preliminary stages of the development of such PHM system for an E-Brake to be employed on a future executive class aircraft, where the brake is actuated through four electro-mechanical actuators. Since literature on fault diagnosis and prognosis for electrical motors is fairly extensive, we focused this preliminary analysis on the development of PHM techniques suitable to monitor and prognose the evolution of the brake pads wear instead. The paper opens detailing the system architecture and continues presenting the high-fidelity dynamic model used to build synthetic data-sets representative of the possible operating conditions faced by the E-Brake within realistic operative scenarios. Such data are then used to foster a preliminary feature selection process, where physics-based indexes are compared and evaluated. Simulated degradation histories are then used to test the application of data-driven fault detection algorithm and the possible application of particle-filtering routines for prognosis.
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Natarajan, M. P., and B. Rajmohan. "Heat Dissipation and Temperature Distribution of Brake Liner Using Steady State Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.712.
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Brakes are machine elements that absorb kinetic energy in the process of slowing down or stopping a moving part. Brake capacity depends upon the unit pressure between the braking surfaces, the coefficient of friction, and the ability of the brake to dissipate heat equivalent to the energy being absorbed. In braking system, drum brake is used mostly for automotive application. During the braking process, the forces and pressures in a drum brake are difficult to determine because of the manner in which the shoe contacts the drum. Finite Element analysis has been used to predict interface temperatures and heat flows and the results have been compared with experimental measurements made using fine thermocouples. Good agreement has been achieved, showing that the proportion of heat which flows into the friction material varies with time and temperature.
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Deng, Jin Lian, and Ying Ying Shan. "Simulation and Experimental Research of Disc Brake." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2251.
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Taking local-branded disc brakes for example, establishing the finite element model (FEM) of the assembly. Solving their stress and strain under work conditions, and the stress strain of its key components calipers and brackets is tested. The results showed that finite element analysis result of the caliper and bracket is consistent with experimental results, in line with engineering application, so finite element analysis process of brake assembly is feasible, finite element analysis for the brake industry to provide guidance.
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Li, Qian, Ying Sun, Ying Ya Huang, Gang He, and Deng Lin Zhu. "Theoretic Analysis on the Influence of the Press-Brake Manufacturing Precision on the Bending Precision of Sheet-Metal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.883.
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The bending sheet metal inevitably exist bending errors including angle error, linearity error and length error of sideline for reasons that the structure of press brake, the manufacturing precision of press brake and mould and the inhomogeneous characteristics of processed sheet metal. The processing errors of sheet metal can affect the assemblage, increasing subsequent repair to the mold and forming calibration, extending the product development cycle, restricting the further promotion and application of bending forming, especially on the forming high strength and high spring-back sheet metal. The PBH110-3100 CNC press brake in Jiangsu Yawei Co.Ltd. is studied to increase the bending precision of press brake in this study. The bending errors in press break are analyzed in depth according to the elastic mechanics theory, and the rule that the manufacturing precision of press brake affect the press precision is educed. The analysis results have real significance on improving the press precision and reliability of press brakes.
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Hsueh, M. H. "The Application of Thermoelectric Cooling Module in the Vehicle's Braking System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.226.
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The research is presented a kind of cooling device for a vehicles brake cooling system, which comprises a thermoelectric cooling (TEC) chip and a heat exchange system. The disc-brake and drum-brake systems are discussed in the research. After inputting electric power, the TEC chip provides one cooling surface which is stick on the brake system and absorbs the heat from the brake pads or shoes. The other surface releases heat which is absorbed by a recycle water-cooling system to discharge the heat by water-cooled radiator to the surrounding. It decreased the working temperature of the brake system about 30% at most after using this cooling device and increased the braking force about 30% at least. There is a temperature control device for the device which can start the TEC chip when the temperature of the brake pads or shoes exceeded 50, which is the lowest temperature that the brake pads or shoes can maintain the most performance of the braking force. The device can efficiently keep the braking force when the driver uses the brake to reduce the vehicles speed for a long time and provide the safety for the driver.
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Haroen, Wawan Kartiwa, and Posma Reginald Panggabean. "Application of Pulp Fiber for Automotive Brake Lining." Wood Research Journal 3, no. 2 (August 27, 2017): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.61-67.
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Mechanical and/or chemical pulp fiber is usually used for papermaking and other kind of paper products. In fact, physical properties of chemical and/or mechanical pulp showed that it can be utilized as filler of automotive brake lining. Mechanical pulp is non-asbestos cellulosic fiber with high heat absorption rate which can fit into criterion of good quality brake lining. Pulp fiber was defiberation mixed with some other composite materials can create high fiber bonding with some hardness, friction materials, clutching, heat and dust retainer fiber which is free of asbestos fiber. Current automotive brake lining uses asbestos fiber as main filler, which is in fact known as cancer triggers. A series of study and assessment in using pulp fiber in a specified composition as brake lining filler have been carried out. The research and field experiment revealed that a mixture of pulp fiber can be further examined and feasible for brake lining prototype filler application which is ready for automotive vehicles operation. The development and application fiber brake lining filler has been tested on two wheeled vehicles with considerable result.
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Stefanovic, Slobodan, and Stefan Mladenovic. "ANALYSIS OF BRAKE SYSTEMS IN MOTOR VEHICLES USING PRACTICAL EXAMPLES FROM THE ASPECT OF THEIR DIAGNOSTICS." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5403505s.
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The part of the braking system that has the task of transmitting the command activated by the driver to thebrakes is called the transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism itself can be different depending on howit is constructed and conceptually executed. As for the conceptual solution, the question arises as to whether thetransmission method itself must be such that the driver's command is only transmitted to the brakes or the driver'scommand itself is handed over to a separate energy system. The energy system itself can be such that it additionallyhelps the activation of the brakes (servo brake force boosters) or completely takes over the activation of the brakes,with the creation of a certain braking force on the wheels, and these are the so-called mechanisms with full servoaction. Today we have the following transmission mechanisms in use: Mechanical transmission, hydraulic with orwithout servo amplification, hydraulic with full servo action, pneumatic with full servo action, hydro-pneumaticwith servo amplification or with full servo action. The very choice of these systems depends on a large number offactors, but the main one is - how much energy must be delivered to the brakes. Each of these systems is explainedseparately in the paper. A mechanical transmission mechanism is a system that does not have any additional servoamplification, but the command of the driver or the person operating the machine is directly transmitted to thebrakes. Based on this, we can conclude that the application of this transmission mechanism in brake systems is quitelimited. Today, this transmission mechanism is only used as a service brake on some slower trucks and tractors. Thehydraulic transmission mechanism is the system that is most common in brake systems of passenger, light cargo anddelivery vehicles. In the case of vehicles weighing up to 1000 kg, the driver alone is sufficient to develop thenecessary energy for braking, so it is not necessary to additionally support the braking force with servo boosters. Butthat's why smaller trucks and delivery vehicles need additional help from a servo booster to activate the brakingforce. Servo amplifiers have become an integral part of the equipment in passenger vehicles primarily due to thesafety, security and comfort of passengers. In contrast to the mechanical transmission, this system is morecomplicated in terms of performance and its operation is based on the transmission of pressure through the brakefluid from the main brake cylinder to the brake cylinder in the brakes. The pressure created by the brake fluid actson the pistons in the cylinder itself and in this way force is created and the brakes are activated. The main advantageof this system is the very safety and safer braking, because with the hydraulic system it is possible to make adistribution in several independent branches to the cylinders on the brakes, and this is one of the basic satisfactoryrequirements in the ECE regulation that the brakes must also have an auxiliary braking system in case dismissal ofthe principal. The system itself consists of: the pedal, which is activated by pressing the foot on the pedal itself, themain brake cylinder, the distribution system, the working brake cylinders in the brakes and the brake itself.
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Mamakos, Athanasios, Michael Arndt, David Hesse, and Klaus Augsburg. "Physical Characterization of Brake-Wear Particles in a PM10 Dilution Tunnel." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110639.
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A dilution tunnel was designed for the characterization of brake-wear particle emissions up to 10 μm on a brake dyno. The particulate matter emission levels from a single front brake were found to be 4.5 mg/km (1.5 mg/km being smaller than 2.5 μm) over a novel real-world brake cycle, for a commercial Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) pad. Particle Number (PN) emissions as defined in exhaust regulations were in the order of 1.5 to 6 × 109 particles per km per brake (#/km/brake). Concentration levels could exceed the linearity range of full-flow Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) over specific braking events, but remained at background levels for 60% of the cycle. Similar concentrations measured with condensation and optical counters suggesting that the majority of emitted particles were larger the 300 nm. Application of higher braking pressures resulted in elevated PN emissions and the systematic formation of nano-sized particles that were thermally stable at 350 °C. Volatile particles were observed only during successive harsh braking events leading to elevated temperatures. The onset depended on the type of brakes and their prehistory, but always at relatively high disc temperatures (280 to 490 °C).
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Kamble, Romit, and Satyajit Patil. "Exploring Magnetorheological Brake-Based Anti-Lock Brake System for Automotive Application." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 4 (October 2019): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2019100102.
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The present work explores a magnetorheological brake (MRB)-based anti-lock brake system (ABS) proposed for a vehicular application. Because of its quick response time, MRB is being considered as a substitute for the conventional hydraulic brake (CHB), commonly used for road vehicles. ABS is used along with CHB to prevent wheel lockup due to severe braking and thereby maintain the stability of the vehicle. This work envisages ABS for a vehicle using MRB instead of CHB. The braking maneuver for a typical mid-size car with and without ABS is simulated in a MATLAB environment. Both versions, a CHB-based ABS and a MRB-based ABS are considered in simulations. The braking performance in terms of stopping time and stopping distance is estimated. A PID and a Fuzzy controller are proposed for improving the control performance of the brake system. The comparative analysis based on the simulations helps make estimations for MRB-based ABS performance.
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Shalupin, Pavel. "THERMAL CONTROL INVESTIGATION OF ROLLING-STOCK SHOE BRAKES BY SIMULATION METHOD." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2020, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2020-4-31-42.
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The development of heavy speed freight train communications in the Russian Federation results in the increased thermal loading of braking system elements of rolling-stock, in particular, in shoe brakes. Taking into account the requirements of branch program documents on wheel life increase, it is evident that the further development of freight communications requires a complex application of thermal diagnostics means for auto-brake equipment of rolling-stock during a train motion.
The statistics shows that the fifth part of wheel pair failures is connected with thermal-mechanical damages and the situation goes on to be aggravated. In view of this hardware and software means for thermal diagnostics of shoe brakes require further improvement. The purpose of this paper is the process investigation of shoe brake thermal control by method of computer simulation and the estimate of infrared optics position impact upon control results.
There is considered a model for the definition of a scanning path and computation of a signal level being part of a complex simulation model of wheel thermal control. The model offered is based on the methods of solid dynamics system investigations in the basis of which there is an application of theorems on mass center motion and changes of a solid kinetic moment.
The model is used for finding a form and a spot area at every time moment of scanning by a solution of a problem on a dynamic spatial intersection of a wheel surface with the control area. There are considered different versions of optics orientation to an object of control for each of which for the first time there are obtained calculated thermal signals from the object under control. The analysis has shown that at the optics orientation to wheels from the outside a wheel tread appears to be in the control area that allows defining a maximum temperature of a wheel. But at the realization of emergency brake application a sharp short-time temperature increase of a tread is possible which indicates an improper operation of a brake unit.
The optics orientation to a wheel from its inner side allows excluding false alarm indices at emergency brake application. The correctness of the results shown in the paper is confirmed by convergence with the results of wheel heating monitoring and environmental tests of experimental complexes of thermal control means of shoe brakes.
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Liao, Xiao Mei. "Design and Application of Electromechanical Brake System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 705 (December 2014): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.705.152.
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Aim at the brake fluid system cannot protect the automobile security effectively, this article analyzes the electromechanical brake system in details. At first, it introduces the theory and the advantage composition of the electromechanical brake system. Then, this article introduces the hardware of EBS system and evaluates the design of EMB electrical machine and electron pedal. At last, it particularly analyzes the system software. This article has significant meaning to the automobile maintainers and the braking system researchers.
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Li, Zhonghai, and Paul Milgram. "An Empirical Investigation of a Dynamic Brake Light Concept for Reduction of Rear-End Collision Accidents during Emergency Braking." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 22 (September 2005): 1940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902212.
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A potential application of optical looming manipulation is investigated: a dynamic brake light concept for potentially reducing the frequency of rear-end collisions in automobile driving. In a low-fidelity driving simulator, forty participants were instructed to follow a leading vehicle (LV) and appropriately respond to braking of the LV, under three visibility conditions: day, night-time with headlights, and night-time without headlights. During some LV braking events, separation and size of the brake lights of the LV were imperceptibly expanded or contracted, at one of two levels, to simulate an effective virtual time shift in the headway of the LV. Results show that this concept was effective only for very poor visibility conditions: at night with no headlights, for which LV brake lights were most salient. Subjects generally braked sooner when confronting a LV with expanding brake lights, and later for contracting lights, in comparison with the no manipulation case.
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Sun, Hong, and Zhi Xin Guan. "The Electromagnetic Control Air Pressure Brake Valve in the Research and Application of Vehicle Brake System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 1506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.1506.
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Air pressure brake and hydraulic brake is widely used in automotive as two kinds of brake system, and the air brake system is widely used in medium and large vehicles. But because of air pressure brake system with air as medium, this will appear in use easily leak etc and make the attenuation, unreliable phenomenon such as lost, which can cause the occurrence of traffic accidents. Study the kind of situations, an electromagnetic control pneumatic brake valve can be designed. Current is as a medium of braking signals through the strength of the current air output proportional control to control the brake, this technology can solve the problems which the wheel brake is out of sync, brake uncoordinated and small braking force.
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Pan, GuangYong, LinZhan Kong, JunHua Yu, MeiLong Huang, and Xin Tong. "Application of ABS Regulator Solenoid Valve Control." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2125, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2125/1/012023.
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Abstract In the air brake system of the vehicle, the electromagnetic valve of the brake regulator belongs to the anti-lock brake system. In case of an emergency, the wheel is prevented from being locked and slipped during braking, and the most suitable braking force is applied to each wheel, so that the adhesion force [1] of the tire to the ground is fully utilized, which plays a vital role in improving the safety of the vehicle. In ABS anti-lock system, the regulation of solenoid valve plays an important role. This paper analyzes and applies a kind of solenoid valve control.
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Anantha Krishna, G. L., and K. M. Sathish Kumar. "Evaluation of brake parameters in copper discs of various thicknesses and speeds using Neodymium – Iron – Boron Magnets." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814401003.
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Neodymium – Iron – Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets of 12.5 mm thickness and 50 mm diameter are chosen for analyses because of their higher remanence and coercivity. Experimental analyses were carried out with Copper discs of thickness 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm at 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm and 5000 rpm. Experiments were conducted with three different positions of magnets such as 2 coaxial magnets, single magnet and single magnet with sudden application conditions. The brake parameters recorded are % speed reduction, deceleration and time taken. In 2 coaxial magnets condition, brake parameters are better in 6 mm thick disc. In single magnet condition, the brake parameters in 6 mm thick disc are found to be more consistent than 4 mm and 8 mm thick discs. In single magnet with sudden application condition, in 4 mm thick disc, the brake parameters are found better. During analysis, very high repulsion was experienced by magnet with 8 mm thick Copper disc at all the above mentioned speeds in single magnet with sudden application condition. For high speed train applications, single magnet condition with 6mm thick disc may be suitable. For high speed automotive applications, single magnet with sudden application condition with 4 mm thick disc may be suitable.
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Lo, Jason. "Designing a Composite Material for Use in Brake Applications." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1109.
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Traditionally, automotive brake rotors are made with cast iron. Besides having economical advantage, cast iron rotor provides many disadvantages due to its weight, such as reduction in fuel efficiency, increase in green house gas emission, and increase in noise, vibration and hardness. With the development of commercial aluminum composites, composite brake rotors are now manufactured. However, the present commercial composite materials are not specifically made for brake application and there are drawbacks. A major drawback is their poor elevated temperature property. In this paper, the unique properties offered by an aluminum composite for brake application is addressed, and an approach to compensate its properties for brake application is highlighted.
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Fujii, Y., W. E. Tobler, E. M. Clausing, T. W. Megli, and M. Haghgooie. "Application of dynamic band brake model for enhanced drivetrain simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440702321031423.
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In a modern vehicle design process, analytical tools are widely employed to complement experimental approaches for design evaluation. When effectively utilized, they lead to a reduced development time with improved vehicle performance. The development process of an automatic transmission (AT) system can benefit from an analytical representation which accurately captures AT shifting behaviours. In a typical AT system, friction components such as wet clutches and band brakes are utilized to alter planetary gear configurations for automatic shifting. Thus, an accurate representation of friction component dynamics is critical in predicting AT shifting behaviour. Engagement characteristics of friction components vary widely under different operating conditions. Although the basic engagement physics was identified in the 1970s, it is relatively recently that a predictive, yet computationally efficient model became available. This paper describes the first attempt to utilize a dynamic friction component model in drivetrain simulations. Specifically, a dynamic band brake model is implemented to predict the up-shift behaviour of a four-speed AT system under various operating conditions. Simulation results are qualitatively validated with experimental data obtained from a dynamometer test stand. The dynamic band brake model enhances the shift predictability of a drivetrain model and potentially allows analytical evaluation of shift quality and control strategy.
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Ouyang, Qiu Bao, H. L. Gu, W. L. Wang, Di Zhang, and Guo Ding Zhang. "Friction and Wear Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites and its Application." Key Engineering Materials 351 (October 2007): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.351.147.
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Friction and wear properties of aluminum matrix composites are studied, including brake speed, brake pressure, and surface temperature etc. A conclusion can be drawn that SiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are of stable friction coefficient, high thermal conductivity, and excellent wear-resistance. Hubs of motorcycle with brake rings of Al/SiC composites were manufactured and exhibited an excellent braking performance.
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Akkus, Nihat, Fatih Yücel, and Ersin Toptas. "Vehicle Electro-Mechanical Brake System: A Mechatronic Application." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.480.
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An electro-mechanic brake system, which has the potentiality to be used in future cars, has been studied and a prototype of the brake system has been produced. The electro-mechanic brake system has different working principles then hydraulic brake system. Hydraulic force or air pressure is used to obtain the braking force on the wheels in the hydraulic braking systems, whereas a solenoid valve push force is used to stop the car in electro-mechanic systems. A censor controlled the RPM of the wheel and the data was passed to a micro controller and micro controller produced PWM signals according to obtained signal. Thus, push force of the solenoid valve was controlled by micro controlled according to the braking ratio. If the wheel slows down the turning speed, then micro controller stops to sending PWM signals and solenoid is relaxed until wheels turns again. This cycle continues until the all wheels are stopped. A prototype of the system has been constructed and tested. The initial results indicated that the system can be potentially used in the automotives.
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Setiawan, Rachman, and E. Yulianto. "Design of Composite Brakes Using Knowledge-Based Design Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.324.
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In designing modern friction materials that are normally made of composite materials, a more systematical approach is needed in order to select the most appropriate composition of raw materials for specific applications. Here, knowledge-based design methodology has been formulated for composite brake design application, that consists of: design database generation from experiments, metamodelling, and global optimization processes. The objective function has incorporated, among others, the uncertainties introduced in the experimentally-obtained design database, so that providing the optmization results with the information of variation. The application of the methodology has been demonstrated to two cases, i.e. train brake and motorcycle brake pad, with the optimization results close to the targetted values and the information of output variation, as intended.
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Sun, Hong Mei, Ming Gao, and Song Lin Nie. "The Application of Hydraulic System in Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.630.
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As the global energy and environmental situation is serious, the wind energy as a clean, renewable energy，is got more and more world attention. Wind power technology is becoming the research focus of many countries. Hydraulic system with its high reliability and fast response characters is widely used in the rotor brake system, yaw brake system, pitch system.
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Kachmar, Roman, and Olena Lanets. "Influence of operating factors on the efficiency of the vehicle brake system." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 7, no. 3-4 (2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2021.03-04.052.
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The main system responsible for the safety of the car is its braking system. The efficiency of the braking system is assessed by several parameters, the main of which is the maximum braking force, which is generated in the braking mechanisms, usually it is disc or drum types of brakes. The analysis of peculiarities of designs of existing types of brakes of cars is carried out, advantages and disadvantages of each of them, characteristics of application and maintenance are substantiated. The main factors that have a significant impact on the efficiency of the car's brake system have been identified. It was carried out the research of the influence of the main operational factors on the efficiency of the car's brake system: the pressure in the car's tires, contamination, and friction pairs of the brake mechanisms. The method of conducting experimental test lane and road researches of influence of the chosen factors on indicators of braking efficiency of the car is developed. Test lane experimental studies were performed using the Bosch BSA 4340 brake test equipment, graphs of changes in the braking efficiency of each of the car's wheels based on the researches were built, depending first on the change in tire pressure, then on the presence of rust, grit, and grime and level of wear of mechanisms. The quantity of the maximum braking force of the car depending on three quantities of pressure in tires of wheels was identified: the pressure recommended by the factory of 0,18 MPa, the lowered and increased pressures 0.15 and 0.25 MPa respectively. The influence of motor oil caught in the brake mechanism or treatment with special pastes on the value of the maximum braking force is also determined. The influence of the state of the brake discs and pads on the braking efficiency of the car was also investigated, the braking indicators were measured before and after the replacement of the brake disc and pads. On the basis of the conducted test line and road researches, conclusions are made and practical recommendations on prevention of reduction of brake efficiency of the car in the conditions of operation are offered.
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Nishiwaki, M. "Generalized Theory of Brake Noise." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 207, no. 3 (July 1993): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_180_02.
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Eliminating brake noises generated during brake application is an important issue in the improvement of comfort in vehicles. Brake noises (frequency 1–15 kHz) are often called brake squeal. On the other hand, brake noises (frequency 200–500 Hz) are often called brake groan noise. The studies on drum brake squeal, disc brake squeal and disc brake groan noise have already been presented in references (2), (3) and (4), where theoretical analyses on these brake noises were described. This paper shows that the equations of motion are represented by the same type of equations. Based on these analyses. It is clear that drum brake squeal, disc squeal and disc brake groan noise are generated by the same cause—dynamic instability of the brake system with friction force variations.
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Ahmad, Fauzi, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Hairi Zamzuri, Khisbullah Hudha, and Hishammudin Jamaluddin. "Study on the potential application of electronic wedge brake for vehicle brake system." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 23, no. 4 (2015): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2015.070650.
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Missori, S., and A. Sili. "Optimizing Proportions of Railway Brake Discs by Temperature Transients Evaluation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 202, no. 2 (April 1988): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_161_02.
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When evaluating the performances of railway brake discs, the ability to accumulate and spread heat to the air plays a major role, since wear of synthetic lining and disc deterioration are strongly dependent on maximum temperatures attained on the surface in contact with the friction pad. The energy developed during brake application gives rise to an increase of disc temperature, which can be correlated to braking power, braking sequences and durations and to disc features. Maximum temperatures are attained on the friction surface of the disc. Determination of the thermal cycle subsequent to brake application can be considered preliminary to the study of lining and disc wear. The present work proposes a simple method using finite difference numerical analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the brake disc in dissipating the heat, both on a constant speed and an up-to-stop brake application. The effect of the various dimensional parameters, such as number of ribs, disc thickness and ribs width, is considered with the aim of achieving a first rough optimization of the required size of disc brake. The results related to a commercial size disc brake are given.
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Aguirrebeitia, Josu, Joseba Albizuri, Begoña Martín, and Ander Pol. "Eigendesign in brake carriers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 2 (April 10, 2013): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213485028.
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This work presents the application of a first-order perturbation method to evaluate the eigensensitivity of brake carriers when local geometric alterations arise. This method can be applied both to establish dynamic acceptance conditions of manufacturing-related errors (concept of ‘eigenacceptance’) and to assess the variation of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes when design variations are done (concept of ‘eigendesign’). As an application of the first concept, the adequacy of the proposed method has been tested in the eigensensitivity of the rest of ingate caused by the manufacturing process; and with regard to the eigendesign concept, an easy-to-use methodology for the redesign of brake carriers has been developed and correlated.
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Zhao, Chen. "Analysis and Research of Automotive Brake Performance Based on MATLAB." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1392.
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Based on the application of the vehicle parameters, the article analyzed the brake process and its performance by MATLAB. The article proposed analytical method and process of automotive brake ideal conditions by simulation software MATLAB. And through drawing the ideal front and rear brake force distribution characteristics, calculated and analyzed the wheel brake force, adhesion coefficient and brake strength. Also the article provided the foundations of convenient calculation method and visual analysis for automotive brake performance.
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Safronov, O. M., Y. Y. Vodiannikov, and O. G. Makeieva. "SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR DETERMINATION OF BRAKE EFFICIENCY OF FREIGHT TRAINS ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF GOST 34434-2018." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 21 (December 24, 2020): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2020-21-107-119.
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Calculation algorithm for braking distances of a freight train and recalculation on cast iron brake shoes in accordance with new rules of GOST 34434-2018 "BRAKE SYSTEMS OF FREIGHT CARS. Technical requirements and calculation rules " is given. According to the above mentioned algorithms, a program was drawn up in the Excel environment, intended to complete automation of the process of computational research to determine the braking efficiency of a freight train. The program is universal, as it allows studying brake systems of different design: with one and two brake cylinders; with one-sided and two-sided application of brake shoes on wheels; with disc brake. Examples of calculation studies of the braking efficiency of the open-top car with an axial load of 25 tons are shown.
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Jadhav, Mayur, Swati Jadhav, and Supriya Chavan. "Application of additives with gasoline fuel: A review." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001026.
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Alternative fuels have become very important nowadays and proving their importance in both positive ignition engines and compression ignition engines, so as to reduce the consumption of gasoline and diesel respectively. Also, blending of these alternative fuels (additives) into gasoline has been proved important in improving various performance parameters and reducing emission parameters. Various studies have been carried out in the field of using additives in gasoline to see the effects on performance parameters like Brake power, Brake thermal efficiency, Volumetric efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Also, this study emphasizes reducing the emissions to the ambient. The aim of this review is to compare and study various additives which can be blended with gasoline and study their effect on performance and emission characteristics of Spark ignition engines.
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Meng, Qing Rui, Dao Ming Wang, and Bao Cheng Song. "Experimental Study on Loading Accuracy of a Disc Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2066.
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In order to improve the loading accuracy of a disc brake used as loading device, we have developed an experimental equipment and carried out a number of experiments, the influencing factors of loading accuracy are analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The results show that 1) the disc brake can meet the requirements of the load simulation and be used in practical application; 2) it is the geometric axis tilt that causes the torque fluctuations. It indicates that more attention should be paid to the geometric axis of the brake disc to minimize the installation errors and improve the loading accuracy. Research findings of this paper provides theoretical and experimental basis for the practical applications of the disc brake used as a loading device.
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Pei, Yu Chun. "Application and Analysis of Magnetic Track Brake." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.803.
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Kim, Soung-Kwon, Sang-Ho Kim, Seok-Jin Kwon, and Hi-Sung Lee. "Application of Flexible-Type Sintered Brake Pads." Journal of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers 27, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9725/kstle.2011.27.1.019.
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Koch, Sebastian, Emil Köppen, Nils Gräbner, and Utz Von Wagner. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIUM POSITIONS ON BRAKE NOISE." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 12, 2021): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume210106020k.
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Brake noise, especially brake squeal, has been a subject of intensive research both in industry and academia for several decades. Nevertheless, the state of the art simulations does not provide a predictive tool, and extensive experimental investigations are still necessary to find an appropriate design. Actual investigations focus on the consideration of nonlinearities which are in fact essential for this phenomenon. Unfortunately, by far not all relevant effects caused by nonlinearities are known. One of these nonlinear effects that the actual research focuses on is the limit cycle behavior representing squeal. In contrast to this, the actual paper considers the influence of the equilibrium position established while applying the brake pressure. The elements of the brake, namely, the carrier, caliper and pad, are highly nonlinear and elastically coupled and allow for multiple equilibrium positions depending e.g. on the initial conditions and transient application of the brake pressure while the frictional contact between the pads and the disk may excite small amplitude self-excited vibrations around this equilibrium, i.e. squeal. The current paper establishes a method and corresponding setup, to measure the position engaged by the brake components using an optical 3D-measuring system. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that in fact different equilibrium positions can be engaged for the same operation parameters and that the engaged position can be decisive for the occurrence of squeal. In fact, certain positions result in squeal while others do not for the same operation parameters. Taking this effect into consideration may have significant consequences for the design of brakes as well as simulation and experimental investigation of brake squeal.