Academic literature on the topic 'BRANCH-LINE COUPLER'

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Journal articles on the topic "BRANCH-LINE COUPLER"

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Han, Dae-Hyun. "Branch line directional coupler with coupled lines." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 15, no. 2 (February 28, 2011): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2011.15.2.286.

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Myun-Joo Park and Byungje Lee. "Dual-band, cross coupled branch line coupler." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 15, no. 10 (October 2005): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2005.856683.

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Sabri, Muataz Watheq, N. A. Murad, and M. K. A. Rahim. "Wideband Branch Line Coupler with Open Circuit Coupled Lines." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp888-893.

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This paper focuses on the design of a Wideband Branch Line Coupler by using open circuits coupled lines technique. The design is implemented by adding four open circuits coupled lines to the structure of the Conventional Branch Line Coupler. The proposed design of Wideband Branch Line Coupler is simulated using CST microwave software. The simulation results show that the coupler is operated at 3.8 GHz with coupling factor of -3dB and 90̊ phase difference between the two output ports. The prototype is fabricated and measured to validate the simulated results. A similar Wide Bandwidth is observed on simulation and measurement. The structure achieved a fractional bandwidth of 42.63%, and return loss of 21 dB compared to the Conventional Branch Line Coupler (BLC).
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Wu, Qiuyi, Yimin Yang, Mingzhong Lin, and Xiaowei Shi. "Miniaturized broadband branch-line coupler." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, no. 3 (January 28, 2014): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.28189.

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Gruszczynski, Slawomir, Robert Smolarz, Changying Wu, and Krzysztof Wincza. "Monolithic Miniaturized Differentially-Fed Branch-Line Directional Coupler in GaAs Monolithic Technology." Electronics 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030446.

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In this paper, a design of a miniaturized branch-line directional coupler is presented. The coupler is designed with balanced coupled-line sections, which are electrically shortened by the application of lumped capacitors. To measure the parameters of the coupler, appropriate baluns have been designed. The coupler has been designed in a GaAs PH25 UMS (united monolithic semiconductor) technology with the center frequency of 24 GHz. The measured power split equals 3 dB with the transmission/coupling imbalance not exceeding 0.6 dB. The measured return losses equal 17 dB at the center frequency, whereas the isolation reaches 17 dB. The fabricated coupler‘s size equals 630 um × 487 um, which is 0.19 of the full size of the directional coupler in the chosen technology (1191 um × 1170 um).
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Shi, Jin, Jun Qiang, Kai Xu, Zheng-bin Wang, Longlong Lin, Jian-Xin Chen, Wei Liu, and Xiu Yin Zhang. "A Balanced Filtering Branch-Line Coupler." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, no. 2 (February 2016): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2016.2516764.

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Bekasiewicz, A., and S. Koziel. "Miniaturised dual‐band branch‐line coupler." Electronics Letters 51, no. 10 (May 2015): 769–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.0751.

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Wu, Qi, Haiming Wang, Chen Yu, Xiaowei Zhang, and Wei Hong. "Dual-band SICL branch-line coupler." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 57, no. 5 (March 25, 2015): 1246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29062.

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Chongcheawchamnan, Mitchai, Sakol Julrat, Mohammad F. Shafique, Burawich Pamornak, and Ian D. Robertson. "Frequency switchable branch-line hybrid coupler." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 7 (April 26, 2013): 1661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.27648.

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Rhee, Seung-Yeop. "Miniaturization of Branch Line Coupler with Connected Coupled Lines." Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 6 (June 30, 2011): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2011.22.6.598.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "BRANCH-LINE COUPLER"

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Orság, Petr. "Mikropáskové vazební směrové a hybridní členy - laboratorní úloha." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217669.

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The diploma thesis deals with the elaboration of a laboratory experiment with basic types of microstrip directional and hybrid couplers in the frequency range up to tens GHz. The thesis is concerned on branch line directional coupler, rat-race directional coupler, De Rondeho coupler, coupled-line coupler, and Lange directional coupler. Simulated results are confronted with measured results obtained by a skalar network analyzer. From overall findings the relevant laboratory experiment was configured and designed.
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Al, Shamaileh Khair Ayman. "Realization of Miniaturized Multi-/Wideband Microwave Front-Ends." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1437222522.

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LIRA, Davi José Beltrão. "Projeto de acopladores branch-line com Banda dupla usando linhas de Transmissões artificiais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18381.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-08T12:15:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DissertaçãoDaviLira.pdf: 3636018 bytes, checksum: a3d66cf7d5a7e3e102b2d49abcabf422 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-08T12:15:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DissertaçãoDaviLira.pdf: 3636018 bytes, checksum: a3d66cf7d5a7e3e102b2d49abcabf422 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-13
O presente trabalho introduz um novo método para confecção de acopladores híbridos do tipo branch-line que sejam de banda dupla, ou seja, que são projetados para operar em duas frequências desejadas quaisquer com a mesma resposta. Este método faz uso de uma nova estrutura de linha de transmissão artificial (LTA) implementada em microfita, a qual é composta por três linhas de transmissões conectadas em cascata, com estubes em aberto inseridos em paralelo entre as linhas de transmissão. Foram obtidas expressões algébricas que determinam, em função das frequências das bandas desejadas, os valores de impedância característica e comprimento elétrico de cada um dos segmentos e estubes para que, em ambas as frequências, a LTA tenha os mesmos parâmetros de espalhamento que, e portanto seja equivalente a, um único segmento de linha de transmissão convencional com impedância característica e comprimento elétrico quaisquer especificados. Para obter o acoplador híbrido do tipo branch-line com banda dupla, portanto, substituímos cada linha de transmissão do acoplador por uma ATL com os parâmetros calculados de acordo com as expressões encontradas. Essa técnica foi usada para projetar, simular, fabricar e medir um acoplador híbrido branch-line que funcionasse nas frequências GSM de 925MHz e ISM 5.8GHz. Essa técnica tem como principal vantagem a capacidade e a flexibilidade de obter acopladores branch-line com bom desempenho em duas bandas quaisquer.
This work deals with a new method for the design of dual band branch-line hybrid couplers with arbitrary central frequencies, in other words, branch-line couplers which operate in two desired frequencies. This method makes use of a new artificial transmission line (ATL) structure, which is composed of the cascade connection of three transmission lines segments with parallel open stubs between them. Algebraic expressions were obtained that specify, in function of the central frequencies, the values for the characteristic impedance and electric length of the segments, so that the ATL has, for both frequencies, the same scattering parameters, hence the same behavior, as an ordinary transmission line with any chosen characteristic impedance and electric length. To obtain a dual band branch line coupler, the desired frequencies are chosen and the expressions are evaluated to find out the characteristic impedances and electric lengths of the ATL’s to replace all transmission lines that make up the coupler. This technique was used to design, simulate, fabricate and measure a branch-line hybrid coupler that works on the 925MHz GSM and 5.8GHz ISM frequencies. This technique has as it’s main advantage the ability and flexibility to yield couplers with good performance in two arbitrary bands.
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Lin, Kai-Min, and 林楷閔. "CPW-Fed Branch Line coupler." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94757936144637307799.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
95
Abstract In the beginning of this thesis, the basic theory and characteristics of quadrature hybrid coupler, which is also known as branch-line couplers are introduced. Afterwards, we make use of 3-D coupling structures to realize branch-line couplers in multi-layered PCB. In practice, due to the quarter-wave length requirement, the bandwidth of a branch-line coupler hybrid is limited to 10-20%. But, the branch-line coupler we designed is different from the conventional structure. The broadband branch-line coupler has been developed to enlarge operation bandwidth by enhanced impedance matching design at port junctions. Hence, we achieve wideband performance by only one section. At first, we make use of CPW-fed microstrip method to implement the 3-D coupling structures in a single-layered PCB. Using the 3-D coupling structures, the uniplanar circuit design implemented in a single layered PCB can be extended to multi-layered design. This kind of branch-line coupler has the advantages of wideband, flat response on transmission band, and DC current blocking. Since the microstrip lines used in the CPW-fed microstrip branch-line coupler possess serious dispersion phenomenon and radiation loss. One can use strip lines to avoid these disadvantages. Therefore, we further use the method of CPW-fed strip lines to realize the 3D coupling structures to modify the branch-line coupler. There are two main techniques for the transition between a microstrip and CPW. One is the electrical contact, and the other is the electromagnetic coupling. The former usually uses via hole for the electrical contact. The mechanism of the proposed transition for the later is base on the electromagnetic coupling between stripline quarter-wavelength open-stub and CPW quarter-wavelength short-stub. This transition design is capable of inducing strong coupling between CPW and stripline around the resonance frequency. Accordingly, we design two kinds of CPW-fed branch-line coupler in multi-layered PCB to improve insertion loss and radiation loss. Observed from the measurement data, the insertion loss of stripline type is better than that of microstirp type at the same center frequency.
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Lan, Pei-Gang, and 藍培綱. "Synthesis of Branch-Line Coupler and Coupled-Line Filter with Multiple Bands." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47149282072376302616.

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碩士
國立中正大學
電機工程研究所
101
This thesis included three parts. The first part is design of shunt reactor with open stubs and short stubs, and then we can form a multi-band filter by the shunt reactor. The second part and the third part are application of the first part. The second part is a multi-band branch-line coupler. By the shunt reactor according to first part, we can extend the conventional branch-line coupler to the multi-band branch-line coupler at any frequencies. The third part is a coupled-line filter. Using the shunt reactor we can transform the conventional coupled-line filter into multi-band coupled-line filter, and then analysis the operation frequencies by J-inverter. All circuits in this thesis are simulated with full-wave electromagnetic simulator, and these circuits have been fabricated and measured. The matched results between electromagnetic simulation and measurement can demonstrate the availability of all proposed circuits.
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JIANG, YONG-HAN, and 江泳翰. "Non-Quarter Wavelength Branch Line Coupler Design." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/crzvm6.

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碩士
國立勤益科技大學
電子工程系
106
Conventional branch line coupler is a four ports passive circuit consistsing of two part of parallel transmission lines. Normally, the electrical length of transmission lines is set to quarter wavelength. This restricts the circuit design freedom and layout size. In this thesis, we propose three directions to design non-quarter wavelength branch line coupler. First, we use PI type equivalent circuit on the transmission lines used in conventional branch line coupler. By eliminating the adjacent capacitances at the joints, we can change the electrical length of transmission lines with no susceptance adding. Second, as the method described above, replace two transmission lines as inductors. Last, add open/short stubs to the joints. By adjusting reactance value, we can design the branch line coupler more flexible and freely. All circuits designed by the above mentioned method were fabricated on FR4 substrate and measured by vector network analyzer. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement at the design frequency and these results demonstrate the validity of the approach.
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Chen, Chien-Ming, and 陳建銘. "Study of Multi-band Branch-Line Coupler." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68713255170410296284.

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碩士
逢甲大學
產業研發碩士班
95
Recently, the mobile and WLAN communication system have been used widely In communication industry, and there has been a growing trend towards wideband and dual-band. The requirements of the frequency bands are become more and more. A integrated device for dual-band or multi-band application will be a trend in the future. A smaller circuit dimension is essential for communication components; therefore, it’s necessary for reducing circuit size. This thesis focuses on the design of the coupler with reduced size of the circuits without being lowering the performance of the circuits. A miniaturized dual-band branch-line coupler using the symmetrical T-shape structure and SIR is proposed in this study. This miniaturized design occupied only 40% of the area of the original dual-band branch-line coupler. The bandwidth of the proposed circuit is better than the original dual-band branch-line coupler. This paper also presents the design of novel branch line couplers that can operate at three frequencies and four frequencies. Explicit design formulas of the proposed dual-band coupler are proposed, too. For verification purposes, both simulated and measured results of a microstrip branch-line coupler operating at 900/2400/3500 MHz are included.
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Wang, Chien-wei, and 王建偉. "Studying of Unequal Power Broadband Branch-line Coupler." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54351673511049471734.

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碩士
逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
99
The application of Branch-line Coupler in the microwave communication field is broad; also as it comes with distribution and combination of power in function, as well as the unique characteristics of phase variation, it is an inevitable element. However, the disadvantage of the traditional Branch-line Coupler is its narrower working band and more area covered by the circuit. In reviewing the references, most are focused on the traditional Branch-line Coupler as well as trying to widen the band with various methods possible. The results as obtained were found to have over-sized circuit area or deteriorated the flatness of output power and phase variation for the purpose of obtaining wider band. Others are the studies concerning unequal power of power distribution that had turned out rather good achievement. However, it is rare to find the study of two functions in combining the characteristics of bandwidth and unequal power distribution, as well as with high flatness of power output and phase variation in working band. In recent years, the basic concern for the passive circuit in consideration is to minimize the area, reduce the circuit production cost and with better bandwidth. Therefore, in this paper, we try to study a unequal power branch-line couplers with broad band characteristics, and power outputs and phase difference with high flatness characteristics, it need to line with the power output ratio, and 90°± 1° with phase difference. The study will produce unequal power branch-line couplers with low cost, using FR4 board, these couplers can be implemented without additional lumped elements and bonding wires. They will be widely used in microwave communication Circuit systems.
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Lin, Hung-Liang, and 林宏亮. "Design and Implementation Tri-Band Branch-Line Coupler." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45538764200481120417.

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碩士
逢甲大學
通訊工程所
97
Recently, the mobile and WLAN communications system have been used widely in the communication industry, therefore there is a growing for the dual-band or multi-band in the future. This paper presents a new concept of the design of the novel microstrip branch line couplers that can operate at three frequencies. Both simulated and measured results of the microstrip branch-line coupler operating at 900/1600/2600 MHz are included GSM、GPS and WiMAX.
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Ho, Hao-ping, and 何浩平. "Dual-band branch-line coupler with unequal length." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95bzxg.

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碩士
逢甲大學
通訊工程學系
102
The designed dual-band branch-line couplers with unequal lengths based on three design equations of conventional branch-line coupler. This thesis analyzed the performance of the second designated frequency by adjusting the electrical lengths and impedances on main lines and branch lines. In order to miniaturize the size of circuit, we proposed the T-shaped and resonator structures on branch lines of the designed couplers. The resonator structure only occupies 45% of the circuit area compared to the conventional dual-band coupler design.
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Book chapters on the topic "BRANCH-LINE COUPLER"

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Sane, L., I. Dioum, K. Tall, and M. M. Khouma. "Smart Antenna Design: Radiation Pattern Agility by Branch-Line Coupler." In Signals and Communication Technology, 325–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74311-6_10.

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Devi, Thiyam Romila, Satyabrata Maiti, Abhishek Jena, and Amlan Datta. "Design of Microstrip Branch Line Coupler Phase Shifter in L-Band." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 237–45. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2009-1_28.

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Nosrati, M., and M. S. Fealy. "A Novel High-Miniaturized Semi-fractal Branch-Line Coupler Using Loaded Coupled Transmission Lines." In Ultra-Wideband, Short Pulse Electromagnetics 9, 151–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77845-7_17.

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You, Kok Yeow, Jaw Chung Chong, Mohd Fareq Abdul Malek, Yeng Seng Lee, and Sehar Mirza. "Miniaturized Two-Section Branch-Line Coupler Using Open-Stub Slow-Wave Structure." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 67–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3172-9_7.

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Reddy, Annapureddy Venkata, and V. G. Borkar. "Design and Simulation of Microstrip Branch Line Coupler and Monopulse Comparator for Airborne Radar Applications." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 10–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24318-0_2.

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Jutru, Vijay, and Maheswari S. "A Study of Compact Branch Line Coupler." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200193.

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In this paper we analyze various structures of branch line coupler with different frequencies of 1GHz to 2.5GHz. Couplers are used for splitting or combining power. It is basically a 3dB power divider or combiner with symmetrical four port network for obtaining 900 phase difference between its output.It has been used in many applications such as in mixers, power amplifiers, modulators, anteena beam forming networks.The major advantages of branch line coupler are low profile, easy to fabricate, light weight.
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You, Kok Yeow, Nadera Najib Al-Areqi, Chia Yew Lee, and Yeng Seng Lee. "Computer-Aided Design and Applications of Planar Branch-Line Coupler Circuits." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0117-7.ch001.

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This book chapter mainly focuses on analytical analysis for the branch-line coupler in which this method provides an explicit solution in the coupler design. Generally, the directional coupler is one of the fundamental components for Microwave Integrated Circuit (MIC), especially the equal power-split coupler that is used for signal monitoring, power measurement, power division, and balanced-type components such as balanced mixers. In this chapter, several applications of the branch-line coupler are also described. The analytical and design formulations of the coupler are derived based on ABCD matrix, transmission line principle, and even-odd mode decomposition. Although the simple analytical analysis is not sufficiently implemented in complex coupler structure, it is capable of providing an initial design guideline for the coupler dimensions. The initial design of the coupler dimensions based on analytical analysis can be gradually modified and optimized to achieve the desired size or performance of the coupler using advanced numerical simulation.
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Conference papers on the topic "BRANCH-LINE COUPLER"

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Shi, Jin, Jun Qiang, Kai Xu, Wei Qin, Liheng Zhou, and Qinghua Cao. "A differential branch-line coupler." In 2015 IEEE 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcap.2015.7374436.

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Gharbi, Yasser, and Adnan Affandi. "Linear taper transmission line branch coupler." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering (ICPCSI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpcsi.2017.8392269.

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Shi, Jin, Jun Qiang, and Qinghua Cao. "Single-layer balanced branch-line coupler." In 2016 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcap.2016.7843078.

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Ssu-Jung Wu, Jan-Dong Tseng, Yu-Hui Shih, and Kuang-Hao Lin. "Mixed type branch line coupler designs." In 2015 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apemc.2015.7175287.

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Letavin, Denis A. "Miniature branch-line coupler structure analysis." In 2017 18th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edm.2017.7981717.

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Imam, Syed A., Aijaz M. Zaidi, Amit Choudhary, Binod K. Kanaujia, and Manish Kumar Singh. "A quad band quadrature branch line coupler using coupled line sections." In 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems (ICICM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icam.2017.8242151.

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Chang, Wei-Lun, Ting-Yi Huang, Tze-Min Shen, Bo-Chun Chen, and Ruey-Beei Wu. "Design of Compact Branch-Line Coupler with Coupled Resonators." In 2007 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference - (APMC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apmc.2007.4555113.

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Zhan, Lamin, Zuwei Li, Guoan Wu, and Patrick Roblin. "Dual-band branch-line coupler with orthogonal coupled branches." In 2018 IEEE 19th Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wamicon.2018.8363901.

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Singhania, Ashish, Rajesh Kumar, Ajeet Kr Raut, S. K. Dash, and Srikanta Pal. "Design of Fractal Shaped Branch-Line Coupler." In 2011 International Conference on Devices and Communications (ICDeCom). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdecom.2011.5738498.

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Cai, Zhikuang, Sijie He, Qipeng Wang, Xuan Ni, Yucheng Zhu, Ninglin Wang, Xiuxian Li, Peiqi Chen, Lingxuan Huang, and Bo Zhou. "Miniaturized Branch-line Coupler using Delta Stubs." In 2018 Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSQRWC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csqrwc.2018.8455794.

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Reports on the topic "BRANCH-LINE COUPLER"

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Coastal Lidar And Radar Imaging System (CLARIS) mobile terrestrial lidar survey along the Outer Banks, North Carolina in Currituck and Dare counties. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39419.

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The Coastal Observation and Analysis Branch (COAB) located at the Field Research Facility (FRF) conducts quarterly surveys and post-storm surveys along up to 60 kilometers of coastline within the vicinity of the FRF to assess, evaluate, and provide updated observations of the morphology of the foreshore and dune system. The surveys are conducted using a mobile terrestrial LiDAR scanner coupled with an Inertial Navigation System (INS). Traditionally the surveys coincide with a low tide, exposing the widest swath of visible sediment to the scanner as well as enough wind-sea swell or texture to induce wave breaking upon the interior sandbars. The wave field is measured with X-Band radar which records a spatial time series of wave direction and speed. Data for the survey region was collected using the VZ-2000's mobile, 3D scanning mode where the scanner continuously rotates the line scan 360 degrees as the vehicle progresses forward. Elevation measurements are acquired on all sides of the vehicle except for the topography directly underneath the vehicle. As the vehicle moves forward, the next rotation will capture the previous position's occluded data area. Laser data is acquired in mobile 3D radar mode with a pulse repetition rate of 300kHz, theta resolution of 0.19 degrees and phi resolution of 0.625 degrees. Horizontal Datum NAD83(2011), Projection North Carolina State Plane (3200) meters; Vertical Datum NAVD88, meters with geoid09 applied.
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Coastal Lidar And Radar Imaging System (CLARIS) mobile terrestrial lidar survey along the Outer Banks, North Carolina in Currituck and Dare counties. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39419.

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The Coastal Observation and Analysis Branch (COAB) located at the Field Research Facility (FRF) conducts quarterly surveys and post-storm surveys along up to 60 kilometers of coastline within the vicinity of the FRF to assess, evaluate, and provide updated observations of the morphology of the foreshore and dune system. The surveys are conducted using a mobile terrestrial LiDAR scanner coupled with an Inertial Navigation System (INS). Traditionally the surveys coincide with a low tide, exposing the widest swath of visible sediment to the scanner as well as enough wind-sea swell or texture to induce wave breaking upon the interior sandbars. The wave field is measured with X-Band radar which records a spatial time series of wave direction and speed. Data for the survey region was collected using the VZ-2000's mobile, 3D scanning mode where the scanner continuously rotates the line scan 360 degrees as the vehicle progresses forward. Elevation measurements are acquired on all sides of the vehicle except for the topography directly underneath the vehicle. As the vehicle moves forward, the next rotation will capture the previous position's occluded data area. Laser data is acquired in mobile 3D radar mode with a pulse repetition rate of 300kHz, theta resolution of 0.19 degrees and phi resolution of 0.625 degrees. Horizontal Datum NAD83(2011), Projection North Carolina State Plane (3200) meters; Vertical Datum NAVD88, meters with geoid09 applied.
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