Academic literature on the topic 'Branched1 (brc1)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Branched1 (brc1)"
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Shen, Junjun, Yaqi Zhang, Danfeng Ge, Zhongyi Wang, Weiyuan Song, Ran Gu, Gen Che, Zhihua Cheng, Renyi Liu, and Xiaolan Zhang. "CsBRC1 inhibits axillary bud outgrowth by directly repressing the auxin efflux carrier CsPIN3 in cucumber." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (August 7, 2019): 17105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907968116.
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Shoot branching is an important agronomic trait that directly determines plant architecture and affects crop productivity. To promote crop yield and quality, axillary branches need to be manually removed during cucumber production for fresh market and thus are undesirable. Auxin is well known as the primary signal imposing for apical dominance and acts as a repressor for lateral bud outgrowth indirectly. The TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) family gene BRANCHED1 (BRC1) has been shown to be the central integrator for multiple environmental and developmental factors that functions locally to inhibit shoot branching. However, the direct molecular link between auxin and BRC1 remains elusive. Here we find that cucumber BRANCHED1 (CsBRC1) is expressed in axillary buds and displays a higher expression level in cultivated cucumber than in its wild ancestor. Knockdown of CsBRC1 by RNAi leads to increased bud outgrowth and reduced auxin accumulation in buds. We further show that CsBRC1 directly binds to the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (CsPIN3) and negatively regulates its expression in vitro and in vivo. Elevated expression of CsPIN3 driven by the CsBRC1 promoter results in highly branched cucumber with decreased auxin levels in lateral buds. Therefore, our data suggest that CsBRC1 inhibits lateral bud outgrowth by direct suppression of CsPIN3 functioning and thus auxin accumulation in axillary buds in cucumber, providing a strategy to breed for cultivars with varying degrees of shoot branching grown in different cucumber production systems.
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Shim, Sangrea, Jungmin Ha, Moon Young Kim, Man Soo Choi, Sung-Taeg Kang, Soon-Chun Jeong, Jung-Kyung Moon, and Suk-Ha Lee. "GmBRC1 is a Candidate Gene for Branching in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010135.
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Branch number is one of the main factors affecting the yield of soybean (Glycine max (L.)). In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study combined with linkage analysis for the identification of a candidate gene controlling soybean branching. Five quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were associated with branch numbers in a soybean core collection. Among these QTNs, a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block qtnBR6-1 spanning 20 genes was found to overlap a previously identified major quantitative trait locus qBR6-1. To validate and narrow down qtnBR6-1, we developed a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) harboring high-branching (HB) and low-branching (LB) alleles of qBR6-1, with 99.96% isogenicity and different branch numbers. A cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) segregating between NIL-HB and NIL-LB was located within the qtnBR6-1 LD block. Among the five genes showing differential expression between NIL-HB and NIL-LB, BRANCHED1 (BRC1; Glyma.06G210600) was down-regulated in the shoot apex of NIL-HB, and one missense mutation and two SNPs upstream of BRC1 were associated with branch numbers in 59 additional soybean accessions. BRC1 encodes TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS 1 and 2 transcription factor and functions as a regulatory repressor of branching. On the basis of these results, we propose BRC1 as a candidate gene for branching in soybean.
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González-Grandío, Eduardo, Alice Pajoro, José M. Franco-Zorrilla, Carlos Tarancón, Richard G. H. Immink, and Pilar Cubas. "Abscisic acid signaling is controlled by a BRANCHED1/HD-ZIP I cascade in Arabidopsis axillary buds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): E245—E254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613199114.
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Shoot-branching patterns determine key aspects of plant life and are important targets for crop breeding. However, we are still largely ignorant of the genetic networks controlling locally the most important decision during branch development: whether the axillary bud, or branch primordium, grows out to give a lateral shoot or remains dormant. Here we show that, inside the buds, the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF (TCP) transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1) binds to and positively regulates the transcription of three related Homeodomain leucine zipper protein (HD-ZIP)-encoding genes: HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 21 (HB21), HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 40 (HB40), and HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 53 (HB53). These three genes, together with BRC1, enhance 9-CIS-EPOXICAROTENOID DIOXIGENASE 3 (NCED3) expression, lead to abscisic acid accumulation, and trigger hormone response, thus causing suppression of bud development. This TCP/HD-ZIP genetic module seems to be conserved in dicot and monocotyledonous species to prevent branching under light-limiting conditions.
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Xia, Xiaojian, Han Dong, Yanling Yin, Xuewei Song, Xiaohua Gu, Kangqi Sang, Jie Zhou, et al. "Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (March 8, 2021): e2004384118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004384118.
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The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.
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Wang, Ming, Laurent Ogé, Linda Voisine, Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia, Julien Jeauffre, Laurence Hibrand Saint-Oyant, Philippe Grappin, Latifa Hamama, and Soulaiman Sakr. "Posttranscriptional Regulation of RhBRC1 (Rosa hybrida BRANCHED1) in Response to Sugars is Mediated via its Own 3′ Untranslated Region, with a Potential Role of RhPUF4 (Pumilio RNA-Binding Protein Family)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 15 (August 4, 2019): 3808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153808.
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The shoot branching pattern is a determining phenotypic trait throughout plant development. During shoot branching, BRANCHED1 (BRC1) plays a master regulator role in bud outgrowth, and its transcript levels are regulated by various exogenous and endogenous factors. RhBRC1 (the homologous gene of BRC1 in Rosa hybrida) is a main branching regulator whose posttranscriptional regulation in response to sugar was investigated through its 3′UTR. Transformed Rosa calluses containing a construction composed of the CaMV35S promoter, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene, and the 3′UTR of RhBRC1 (P35S:GFP::3′UTRRhBRC1) were obtained and treated with various combinations of sugars and with sugar metabolism effectors. The results showed a major role of the 3′UTR of RhBRC1 in response to sugars, involving glycolysis/the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). In Rosa vegetative buds, sequence analysis of the RhBRC1 3′UTR identified six binding motifs specific to the Pumilio/FBF RNA-binding protein family (PUF) and probably involved in posttranscriptional regulation. RhPUF4 was highly expressed in the buds of decapitated plants and in response to sugar availability in in-vitro-cultured buds. RhPUF4 was found to be close to AtPUM2, which encodes an Arabidopsis PUF protein. In addition, sugar-dependent upregulation of RhPUF4 was also found in Rosa calluses. RhPUF4 expression was especially dependent on the OPPP, supporting its role in OPPP-dependent posttranscriptional regulation of RhBRC1. These findings indicate that the 3′UTR sequence could be an important target in the molecular regulatory network of RhBRC1 and pave the way for investigating new aspects of RhBRC1 regulation.
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Lv, Xiang, Mingsheng Zhang, Xiaolan Li, Ruihua Ye, and Xiaohong Wang. "Transcriptome Profiles Reveal the Crucial Roles of Auxin and Cytokinin in the “Shoot Branching” of Cremastra appendiculata." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113354.
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Cremastra appendiculata has become endangered due to reproductive difficulties. Specifically, vegetative reproduction is almost its only way to reproduce, and, under natural conditions, it cannot grow branches, resulting in an extremely low reproductive coefficient (reproductive percentage). Here, we performed RNA-Seq and a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis of the three stages of lateral bud development in C. appendiculata after decapitation—dormancy (D2), transition (TD2), and emergence (TG2)—and the annual axillary bud natural break (G1) to gain insight into the molecular regulatory network of shoot branching in this plant. Additionally, we applied the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodibenzoic acid (TIBA) to a treated pseudobulb string of C. appendiculata to verify the conclusions obtained by the transcriptome. RNA-Seq provided a wealth of valuable information. Successive pairwise comparative transcriptome analyses revealed 5988 genes as DEGs. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) analyses of DEGs showed significant enrichments in phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism, regulation of hormone levels, and a hormone-mediated signaling pathway. qRT-PCR validation showed a highly significant correlation (p < 0.01) with the RNA-Seq generated data. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and qRT-PCR results showed that, after decapitation, the NPA- and TIBA-induced lateral buds germinated due to rapidly decreasing auxin levels, caused by upregulation of the dioxygenase for auxin oxidation gene (DAO). Decreased auxin levels promoted the expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, family 735, subfamily A (CYP735A) genes and inhibited two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD7 and CCD8). Zeatin levels significantly increased after the treatments. The increased cytokinin levels promoted the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) and inhibited expression of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway and initiated lateral bud outgrowth. Our data suggest that our theories concerning the regulation of shoot branching and apical dominance is really similar to those observed in annual plants. Auxin inhibits bud outgrowth and tends to inhibit cytokinin levels. The pseudobulb in the plant behaves in a similar manner to that of a shoot above the ground.
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Jiang, Hongxin, Guimei Han, Yaping Xu, Junxing Li, Xiaowei Liu, and Deming Kong. "A fluorescent biosensor for highly specific and ultrasensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate based on ligation-triggered branched rolling circle amplification." Analytical Methods 11, no. 36 (2019): 4629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01482a.
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A fluorescent sensing strategy for ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of ATP was presented by taking advantage of the exponential amplification capability of BRCA and the extreme specificity of T4 DNA ligase toward ATP.
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Arason, Agnarsson, Johannesdottir, Johannsson, Hilmarsdottir, Reynisdottir, and Barkardottir. "The BRCA1 c.4096+3A>G Variant Displays Classical Characteristics of Pathogenic BRCA1 Mutations in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancers, But Still Allows Homozygous Viability." Genes 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10110882.
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Mutations in BRCA1 result in predisposal to breast and ovarian cancers, but many variants exist with unknown clinical significance (VUS). One is BRCA1 c.4096+3A>G, which affects production of the full-length BRCA1 transcript, while augmenting transcripts lacking most or all of exon 11. Nonetheless, homozygosity of this variant has been reported in a healthy woman. We saw this variant cosegregate with breast and ovarian cancer in several family branches of four Icelandic pedigrees, with instances of phenocopies and a homozygous woman with lung cancer. We found eight heterozygous carriers (0.44%) in 1820 unselected breast cancer cases, and three (0.15%) in 1968 controls (p = 0.13). Seeking conclusive evidence, we studied tumors from carriers in the pedigrees for wild-type-loss of heterozygosity (wtLOH) and BRCA1-characteristic prevalence of estrogen receptor (ER) negativity. Of 15 breast and six ovarian tumors, wtLOH occurred in nine breast and all six ovarian tumours, and six of the nine breast tumors with wtLOH were ER-negative. These data accord with a pathogenic BRCA1-mutation. Our findings add to the current knowledge of BRCA1, and the role of its exon 11 in cancer pathogenicity, and will be of use in clinical genetic counselling.
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Basha, S. Jaffar, V. Jayalakshmi, S. Khayum Ahammed, and N. Kamakshi. "Studies on growth and yield characters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.079.
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The growth and yield characters of chickpea varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting were evaluated through field experiment conducted for three consecutive years (2016__17 to 2018__19) during rabi season on vertisols under rainfed conditions at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh. The investigation was carried out in split plot design with three replications. Two plant geometries (30.0 × 10.0 cm and 22.5 × 10.0 cm) were assigned to main plots and six chickpea varieties (viz., GBM 2, Dheera, CSJ 515, HC 5, Phule G 08108 and BRC 1) were assigned to sub plots. Pooled analysis of experimental results indicated that significantly higher number of branches per plant (8.7) and number of pods per plant (31.1) and test weight (24.3 g) were observed under 30.0 × 10.0 cm when compared to 22.5 × 10.0 cm. Higher plant height (44.8 cm), height of lowest pod bearing branch (30.0 cm), lower days to 50 % flowering (42.1 days) and higher test weight (31.2 g) were observed in Dheera. Higher number of branches per plant (9.2) and number of pods per plant (34.2) were observed in GBM 2. Higher seed yield was observed in Phule G 08108 (1708 kg ha-1) which is followed by GBM 2 (1675 kg ha-1) Dheera (1569 kg ha-1) and BRC 1 (1493 kg ha-1). Higher harvest index (56.4%) was also observed in Phule G 08108. Chickpea varieties GBM2, Dheera and BRC1 were best suitable for mechanical harvesting and higher seed yield due to their excellent morphology.
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Wei, Wei, Junichi Inaba, Yan Zhao, Joseph D. Mowery, and Rosemarie Hammond. "Phytoplasma Infection Blocks Starch Breakdown and Triggers Chloroplast Degradation, Leading to Premature Leaf Senescence, Sucrose Reallocation, and Spatiotemporal Redistribution of Phytohormones." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031810.
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Witches’-broom (WB, excessive initiation, and outgrowth of axillary buds) is one of the remarkable symptoms in plants caused by phytoplasmas, minute wall-less intracellular bacteria. In healthy plants, axillary bud initiation and outgrowth are regulated by an intricate interplay of nutrients (such as sugars), hormones, and environmental factors. However, how these factors are involved in the induction of WB by phytoplasma is poorly understood. We postulated that the WB symptom is a manifestation of the pathologically induced redistribution of sugar and phytohormones. Employing potato purple top phytoplasma and its alternative host tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), sugar metabolism and transportation, and the spatiotemporal distribution of phytohormones were investigated. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that starch breakdown was inhibited, resulting in the degradation of damaged chloroplasts, and in turn, premature leaf senescence. In the infected source leaves, two marker genes encoding asparagine synthetase (Sl-ASN) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Sl-TPS) that induce early leaf senescence were significantly up-regulated. However, the key gibberellin biosynthesis gene that encodes ent-kaurene synthase (Sl-KS) was suppressed. The assessment of sugar content in various infected tissues (mature leaves, stems, roots, and leaf axils) indicated that sucrose transportation through phloem was impeded, leading to sucrose reallocation into the leaf axils. Excessive callose deposition and the resulting reduction in sieve pore size revealed by aniline blue staining and TEM provided additional evidence to support impaired sugar transport. In addition, a spatiotemporal distribution study of cytokinin and auxin using reporter lines detected a cytokinin signal in leaf axils where the axillary buds initiated. However, the auxin responsive signal was rarely present in such leaf axils, but at the tips of the newly elongated buds. These results suggested that redistributed sucrose as well as cytokinin in leaf axils triggered the axillary bud initiation, and auxin played a role in the bud elongation. The expression profiles of genes encoding squamosa promoter-binding proteins (Sl-SBP1), and BRANCHED1 (Sl-BRC1a and Sl-BRC1b) that control axillary bud release, as determined by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR, indicated their roles in WB induction. However, their interactions with sugars and cytokinins require further study. Our findings provide a comprehensive insight into the mechanisms by which phytoplasmas induce WB along with leaf chlorosis, little leaf, and stunted growth.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Branched1 (brc1)"
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Wang, Ming. "Réseau de régulation moléculaire de l'expression du gène BRANCHED1 (BRC1) dans le bourgeon axillaire du rosier, en réponse au sucre et à l'auxine." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARC140.
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Le débourrement du bourgeon axillaire est un processus clef au cours du développement de la plante, qui est contrôlé par des facteurs endogènes et exogènes. Au niveau du bourgeon, le facteur de transcription BRANCHED1 (BRC1) est l'un des principaux intégrateurs des voies de signalisations de ces facteurs. Sur la base des études précédentes, le niveau de transcription de RhBRC1 (un gène homologue de BRC1 chez Rosa hybrida) est contrôlé par le sucre et l’auxine.Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans cette régulation restent à ce jour inconnus.Dans cette étude, nous avons montré que l'effet antagoniste entre le saccharose et l'auxine peut influencer le niveau de transcription de plusieurs enzymes du métabolisme de sucre, notamment la glycolyse / le cycle de Krebs et la voie oxydative des pentoses phosphates (OPPP). Cette régulation du métabolisme du sucre s'est avérée centrale dans leur effet antagoniste sur l'expression de RhBRC1 et le débourrement des bourgeons végétatifs.Par ailleurs, la région promotrice de RhBRC1 serait le site de convergence de l'effet antagoniste de l’auxine et de sucre, médié par la glycolyse/cycle de Krebs et l'OPPP. Deux zones du promoteur RhBRC1 ont étéidentifiées pour leur implication dans cette régulation transcriptionnelle. D'autre part, cet effet antagoniste de l'auxine et du sucre implique aussi une régulation post-transcriptionnelle de RhBRC1 à travers sa séquence 3'UTR. Une protéine de type PUF, RhPUF4, a été identifiée et les résultats obtenus suggèrent sa capacité à se lier au 3'UTR de RhBRC1 et régule son expression. En conclusion, l'effet antagoniste de l'auxine et de sucre, deux facteurs majeurs contrôlant la ramification chez les plantes, est en partie médié par des signaux émanant de la glycolyse et de l'OPPP et implique une régulation transcriptionnelle et post-transcriptionnelle du gène intégrateur RhBRC1Bud outgrowth is a key process for plant development, which is controlled by endogenous and exogenous cues. At the bud level, the transcription factor BRANCHED1 (BRC1) is one of the main hub for the signaling pathways of these factors. Based on previous studies, the transcription level of RhBRC1 (a homologous BRC1 gene in Rosa hybrida) is controlled by sugar and auxin. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this regulation remain unknown. Here, we have shown that the antagonistic effect of sucrose and auxin can influence the transcription level of several sugar metabolism— related enzymes, including glycolysis / TCA cycle and oxidative pathway of pentose phosphates (OPPP). This regulation of sugar metabolism has been shown to be central in their antagonistic effect on both RhBRC1 expression and bud growthIndeed, glycolysis/TCA cycle and OPPP promote budoutgrowth and have a negative effect on the transcription of RhBRC1. In addition, the promoter sequence of RhBRC1 is the convergence site of the antagonistic effect of auxin and sugar, mediated by glycolysis / TCA cycle and OPPP. Two regions of RhBRC1 promoter have been identified for their involvement in this transcriptional regulation. On the other hand, this antagonistic effect of auxin and sugar also involves a post-transcriptional regulation of RhBRC1 through its 3'UTR sequence. À PUF protein, RhPUF4, has been identified and the results suggest its potential ability to bind to the 3'UTR of RhBRC1 and to regulate its expression. In conclusion, the antagonistic effect of auxin and sugar, two major factors controlling shoot branching, is mediated by glycolysis and OPPP-emanating signals and involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RhBRC1
Reports on the topic "Branched1 (brc1)"
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Ladias, John A. Structural Basis for the BRCA1 Interaction With Branched DNA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada429692.
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