Dissertations / Theses: 'Branches of power'

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Bielby, Matthew Iain. "Ultra low power cooperative branch prediction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14187.

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Branch Prediction is a key task in the operation of a high performance processor. An inaccurate branch predictor results in increased program run-time and a rise in energy consumption. The drive towards processors with limited die-space and tighter energy requirements will continue to intensify over the coming years, as will the shift towards increasingly multicore processors. Both trends make it increasingly important and increasingly difficult to find effective and efficient branch predictor designs. This thesis presents savings in energy and die-space through the use of more efficient cooperative branch predictors achieved through novel branch prediction designs. The first contribution is a new take on the problem of a hybrid dynamic-static branch predictor allocating branches to be predicted by one of its sub-predictors. A new bias parameter is introduced as a mechanism for trading off a small amount of performance for savings in die-space and energy. This is achieved by predicting more branches with the static predictor, ensuring that only the branches that will most benefit from the dynamic predictor’s resources are predicted dynamically. This reduces pressure on the dynamic predictor’s resources allowing for a smaller predictor to achieve very high accuracy. An improvement in run-time of 7-8% over the baseline BTFN predictor is observed at a cost of a branch predictor bits budget of much less than 1KB. Next, a novel approach to branch prediction for multicore data-parallel applications is presented. The Peloton branch prediction scheme uses a pack of cyclists as an illustration of how a group of processors running similar tasks can share branch predictions to improve accuracy and reduce runtime. The results show that sharing updates for conditional branches across the existing interconnect for I-cache and D-cache updates results in a reduction of mispredictions of up to 25% and a reduction in run-time of up to 6%. McPAT is used to present an energy model that suggests the savings are achieved at little to no increase in energy required. The technique is then extended to architectures where the size of the branch predictors may differ between cores. The results show that such heterogeneity can dramatically reduce the die-space required for an accurate branch predictor while having little impact on performance and up to 9% energy savings. The approach can be combined with the Peloton branch prediction scheme for reduction in branch mispredictions of up to 5%.

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Caldas, Maria de Lurdes Martins. "A construção da diferença num arquipélago mestiço: brancos e não-brancos na são Filipe da primeira metade de novecentos." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3821.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Sociais Especialidade de História dos Factos Sociais Neste trabalho, propõe-se um modelo teórico de interpretação do sistema de relações raciais em São Filipe, ilha do Fogo, Cabo Verde, na primeira metade de Novecentos. Trata-se de uma linha de pesquisa focada nas dinâmicas da percepção e construção da raça e nas determinantes não raciais na explicação da dominação de exterioridade racial. O cruzamento das identificações raciais com outras variáveis (cultura, classe, poder) constitui um quadro de análise permitido pela existência de vasta documentação escrita e iconográfica e pela longevidade de parte considerável da população insular. A metodologia de investigação assenta, pois, na pesquisa documental e na entrevista a informantes qualificados. Os conceitos compósitos de branco e não-branco condensam o essencial da argumentação: ser branco, no Fogo, fazia parte de uma referencialidade simbólica alargada que integrava, para além da biológica, as dimensões cultural e linhagística. Assimetrias profundas e continuadas entre os dois grupos de povoadores – livre europeu e escravo africano – conformaram uma racialidade forte. A rarefacção do capital económico dos brancos, obstando à reprodução simbólica do grupo, e a crescente capitalização material e escolar dos não-brancos diminuiram a importância relativa da raça e do nascimento entre as dimensões significantes da estratificação e heterogeneizaram a composição sócio-racial da elite local. This work proposes a theoretical interpretation of the racial relationship in Sao Filipe, Fogo, Cape Verde, in the first half of the twentieth century. This is a line of research focused on the dynamics of perception and construction of racial and non-racial determinants in the explanation of racial exteriority domination. The miscegenation of racial identifications with other variables (culture, class, power) is a framework of analysis allowed by the existence of extensive iconographic and written records and by the longevity of part of the islander population. The research methodology is based on documentary research and interviews to qualified informants. The heterogeneous concepts of white and non-white condense the essential of the controversy: being white, in Fogo, was part of a wider symbolic referentiality which included, in addition to biological, cultural and linguistic dimensions. Deep and continuing asymmetries between the two groups of settlers – Europeans and African slaves – conformed strong racial issues. The diminishing of the economic resources of whites, preventing the symbolic reproduction of the group, and the growth of material and scholar capitalization of the non-whites, decreased the relative importance of race and birth amongst the significant dimensions of stratification and heterogenized the socio-racial composition of the local elite

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Granström, John. "Klimatpåverkan från användande av skogsrester till bioenergi med koldioxidlagring (BECCS) och biokol i Sverige : En komparativ livscykelanalys mellan två klimatåtgärder i en svensk kontext." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352510.

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Oförmåga att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser i tillräckligt takt för att undvika en alltför kraftig global uppvärmning har motiverat framtagandet av tekniker med potential att minska mängden koldioxid i atmosfären. En av dessa tekniker är bioenergi med koldioxidlagring (Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage, BECCS), där koldioxid avskiljs från punktkällor med biogena utsläpp och lagras i geologiska strukturer. Även biokol tillsatt till jordbruksmark har potential att bidra till negativa utsläpp. Både svenska och internationella strategier inkluderar negativa utsläpp för att uppfylla förpliktelserna i Parisavtalet. För att säkerhetsställa att teknikerna lever upp till potentialen krävs ett livscykelperspektiv där klimatpåverkan beräknas på systemnivå. En livscykelanalys utfördes, där klimatpåverkan vid utnyttjande av grenar och toppar (GROT) från den svenska skogsindustrin beräknades för teknikerna BECCS och biokol tillsatt till jordbruksmark. Teknikerna jämfördes med ett referensscenario där GROT förbränns i ett kraftvärmeverk för att producera el och fjärrvärme utan omhändertagande av koldioxid som bildas vid förbränning. Resultaten visar att BECCS har potentialen att bidra med negativa utsläpp på mellan -168 och -666 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ ton GROT torrsubstans (TS). Då GROT-skörden ökar till 80% av den årliga avverkade arealen skog i Sverige och kombineras med gallring, resulterar 666 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ ton GROT TS, i 4,4 miljoner ton CO2-ekvivalenter per år. Detta motsvarar 25,8 % av klimatpåverkan från inrikestransporter i Sverige år 2016. Nettoutsläppen från biokol tillsatt till jordbruksmarker, varierar mellan 934 och -344 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ ton GROT TS. Då GROT-skörden ökar till 80% av den avverkade arealen skog i Sverige och kombineras med gallring, resulterar 344 kg CO2-ekvivalenter/ton GROT TS i 2,2 miljoner ton CO2-ekvivalenter. Detta motsvarar 13,3 % av klimatpåverkan från inrikes transporter i Sverige år 2016. Båda teknikerna har potential att åstadkomma nettonegativa växthusgasutsläpp, men resultaten är beroende av klimatpåverkan från ersättande el- och fjärrvärmeproduktion. The inability to achieve sufficient reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has led to the development of techniques with potential to achieve negative greenhouse gas emissions. One of these techniques is called Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), where carbon dioxide is captured from biogenic point sources with biogenic emissions and stored underground. Biochar applied to farmland is another technique with potential to achieve negative greenhouse gas emissions. Both Swedish and international strategies, to meet the obligations in the Paris Agreement, include negative greenhouse gas emissions. A life cycle approach is required to ensure that the techniques deliver on the promise of negative emissions. A Life cycle assessment was conducted where the global warming potential was calculated for BECCS and biochar added to farmland in two different scenarios where tops and branches (GROT) from the Swedish forest industry were used as feedstock. The techniques were compared to a reference scenario where GROT were used in a combined heat and power plant (CHP-plant). The results show that BECCS has the potential to achieve net negative emissions of between -168 and -666 kg CO2-equivalents/ tonne GROT dry matter (DM). When GROT is harvested from 80% of the yearly final felling areas in Sweden and combined with thinning, 666 kg CO2-equivalents/ Mg GROT DM is equivalent to in 4,4 million ton CO2-equivalents per year. This corresponds to 25,8 % of Sweden's greenhouse gas emissions from domestic transportation in 2016. The results of greenhouse gas emissions from biochar applied to farmland varied between 934 to -344 CO2-equivalents/ Mg GROT DM. When GROT is harvested from 80% of final felling areas in Sweden and combined with thinning, -344 CO2-equivalents/ Mg GROT DM is equivalent to 2,2 million ton CO2- equivalents per year. This corresponds to 13,3 % of Sweden's greenhouse gas emissions from domestic transportation in 2016. Both techniques have the potential to achieve net negative greenhouse gas emissions. However, the results are greatly influenced by the climate impact from generating the electricity to replace the losses in electricity production when GROT is used for BECCS and biochar instead of in a CHP-plant.

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Cho, Younghoon. "Multi-Branch Current Sensing Based Single Current Sensor Technique for Power Electronic Converters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39793.

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A new concept of current sensor reduction technique called multi-branch current sensing technique (MCST) is proposed in this dissertation. In the proposed current sensing method, one more branch currents are simultaneously measured several times in a single switching cycle by using a single current sensor. After that, the current reconstruction algorithm is applied to obtain all phase currents information. Compared to traditional single current sensor techniques (SCSTs), the proposed method samples the output of the current sensor regularly, and the current sensing dead-zone is dramatically reduced. Since the current sampling is performed periodically, its implementation using a digital controller is extremely simple. Moreover, the periodical dead-zone and the dead-zone near the origin of the voltage vector space which have been a big problem in the existing methods can be completely eliminated. Accordingly, there is no need to have a complicated vector reconfiguration or current estimation algorithm. The proposed MCST also takes the advantages of a SCST such as reduced cost and elimination of the sensor gain discrepancy problem in the multiple current sensor method. The fundamental concept, implementation issues, and limitation of the proposed MCST are described based on three-phase systems first. After that, the proposed MCST is adopted to two-phase inverters and multi-phase dc-dc converters with little modifications. Computer simulations and hardware experiments have been conducted for a three-phase boost converter, a three-phase motor drive system, a two-phase two-leg inverter, a two-phase four-leg inverter with bipolar modulation, a two-phase four-leg inverter with unipolar modulation, and a four-phase dc-dc converter applications. From the simulations and the experimental results, the feasibilities of the proposed method mentioned above are fully verified. Ph. D.

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Dallari, Paulo Massi. "O instituto do veto presidencial no constitucionalismo brasileiro contemporâneo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-03052016-103219/.

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Nos Estados republicanos modernos, o sistema de freios e contrapesos é um dos modelos institucionais responsável por assegurar o equilíbrio entre os Poderes e prevenir abusos por parte dos governantes. Dois questionamentos podem ser encontrados na literatura brasileira sobre o tema e fundamentam esta Dissertação: um geral sobre o suposto poder excessivo que o nosso sistema político confere ao Poder Executivo e outro, específico, de que nesse contexto, o veto teria um papel central na supremacia do presidente da república sobre o Congresso Nacional no âmbito do processo legislativo. Partindo dessas premissas, a pesquisa avalia se essas características estão condizentes com as expectativas e o desenho institucional proposto para o Estado brasileiro pela Assembleia Nacional Constituinte ANC de 1987. Com base nos anais da ANC e em referências históricas, conclui-se que, ao menos no tocante ao instituto do veto presidencial, o modelo de preponderância do Poder Executivo observado no processo legislativo decorreu de uma opção deliberada e reafirmada pela elite política em 1988, quando da promulgação da Constituição. In modern republican states, the system of checks and balances is one of the institutional models responsible for ensuring the balance between powers and preventing abuses by rulers. Two issues can be found in the Brazilian academic literature on the matter that underlie this Dissertation: one concerning the alleged excessive power that our political system grant to the executive branch, and another one more specific that, in this context, the veto would have a main role in the supremacy of the President of the Republic over Congress in the legislative process. Beginning with these assumptions, this research evaluates whether these characteristics are consistent with the expectations and the institutional design proposed for the Brazilian State by the National Constituent Assembly (ANC) of 1987. Based on the ANC records and historical references, it concluded that, at least in regard to the presidential veto institute, the preponderance of the executive branch model observed in the legislative process derived from a deliberate and reaffirmed choice made by the political elite in 1988, at the promulgation of the Constitution.

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Fei, Jia. "On a turbo decoder design for low power dissipation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34090.

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A new coding scheme called "turbo coding" has generated tremendous interest in channel coding of digital communication systems due to its high error correcting capability. Two key innovations in turbo coding are parallel concatenated encoding and iterative decoding. A soft-in soft-out component decoder can be implemented using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) or the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding algorithm. While the MAP algorithm offers better performance than the ML algorithm, the computation is complex and not suitable for hardware implementation. The log-MAP algorithm, which performs necessary computations in the logarithm domain, greatly reduces hardware complexity. With the proliferation of the battery powered devices, power dissipation, along with speed and area, is a major concern in VLSI design. In this thesis, we investigated a low-power design of a turbo decoder based on the log-MAP algorithm. Our turbo decoder has two component log-MAP decoders, which perform the decoding process alternatively. Two major ideas for low-power design are employment of a variable number of iterations during the decoding process and shutdown of inactive component decoders. The number of iterations during decoding is determined dynamically according to the channel condition to save power. When a component decoder is inactive, the clocks and spurious inputs to the decoder are blocked to reduce power dissipation. We followed the standard cell design approach to design the proposed turbo decoder. The decoder was described in VHDL, and then synthesized to measure the performance of the circuit in area, speed and power. Our decoder achieves good performance in terms of bit error rate. The two proposed methods significantly reduce power dissipation and energy consumption. Master of Science

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Lallinger, Stefan. "Madison, Hamilton, and Reagan: The Limits of Executive Power in Foreign Policy and the Reagan Intervention in Nicaragua." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1324.

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The distribution of power between the executive branch and the legislative branch in the realm of foreign policy is a delicate balance and one that has been debated since the Founding Fathers met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. The debate has gotten no less intense and no less crucial in the modern, nuclear age, and it remains unresolved. The Reagan administration's foray into Nicaragua during the 1980's and its confrontations with Congress during that time period illuminate the complexities of the power-sharing arrangement in foreign policy and offer the ideal case study of executive-legislative war power. The lessons to be drawn from America's involvement in Nicaragua are that the expanded Presidential power in the realm of foreign policy are necessary for the safety of the country in today's world, but dangerous without the vigorous oversight and ultimate check by Congress.

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Norgren, Ofelia. "Pulsation Properties in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk astrofysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388388.

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Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars are stars with low- to intermediate mass in a late stage in their stellar evolution. An important feature of stellar evolution is the ongoing nucleosynthesis, the creation of heavier elements. Unlike main sequence stars, the AGB stars have a thick convective envelope which makes it possible to dredge-up the heavier fused elements from the stellar core to its surface. AGB stars are also pulsating variable stars, meaning the interior expands and contracts, causing the brightness to fluctuate. These pulsations will also play a major role in the mass loss observed in these stars. The mass loss is caused by stellar winds that accelerate gas and dust from the surface of these stars and thereby chemical enrich the interstellar medium. It is important to understand the properties of these pulsations since they play a key role in how stellar winds are produced and then enrich the galaxy with heavier synthesized elements. These pulsation periods can be observed with their corresponding Light-Curves, where the periodic motion of the brightness can be clearly seen. The main goal with this project is to calculate these pulsation periods for different AGB stars and compare these values with the periods listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS). The comparison between these values gives a better understanding of methods of determining these periods and the uncertainties that follow. Asymptotiska jättegrenen är en del av slutstadiet för låg- till medelmassiva stjärnor (AGB stjärnor). Ett viktigt kännetecken hos stjärnutvecklingen är den pågående nukleosyntesen, sammanslagningen av tyngre ämnen i stjärnans inre. Till skillnad mot stjärnor på huvudserien har AGB stjärnor ett tjockt konvektivt lager som gör det möjligt att dra upp dessa nybildade ämnen till stjärnans yta. AGB stjärnor är pulserande variabla stjärnor där variationer i stjärnans radie gör att ljusstyrkan varierar. Dessa pulsationer kommer även att spela en viktig roll för den massförlust som observeras hos dessa stjärnor. Massförlusten orsakas av stjärnvindar som accelererar gas och stoft från stjärnans yta och därmed kemiskt berikar det interstellära mediet. Det är viktigt att förstå dessa pulsationer eftersom de är en viktig komponent för hur stjärnvindar uppstår och sedan berikar galaxer med tyngre ämnen. Dessa pulsationsperioder kan studeras genom att observera stjärnornas ljuskurvor, där man tydligt ser det periodiska beteendet hos ljusstyrkan. Det huvudsakliga målet med detta projekt är att beräkna dessa perioder för olika AGB stjärnor och att sedan jämföra dem med värden från General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS). Jämförelsen mellan dessa värden ger en bättre förståelse för metoderna som används för att bestämma dessa perioder och hur osäkra dessa värden är.

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Claesson, Hans. "Synthesis and Properties of Branched Semi-Crystalline Thermoset Resins." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3583.

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This thesis describes the synthesis and characterization ofbranched semi-crystalline polymers. Included in this work isthe SEC characterization of a series of dendrimers. Thebranched semi-crystalline polymers were synthesized in order toinvestigate the concept of their use as powder coatings resins.This concept being that the use of branched semi-crystallinepolymers in a UV-cured powder coating system may offer a lowertemperature alternative thus allowing the use of heat sensitivesubstrates and the added benefit of a reduced viscositycompared to linear polymers.A series of branched poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCL)(degree of polymerization: 5-200) initiated from hydroxylfunctional initiators were synthesized. The final architectureswere controlled by the choice of initiator structure;specifically the dendritic initiators yielded starbranchedPCLs while the linear initiator yielded comb-branchedPCLs. The dendritic initiators utilized were: (1) a3rd-generation Boltorn H-30, commercially availablehyperbranched polyester with approximately 32 hydroxyl groups,(2) a 3rd-generation dendrimer with 24 hydroxyl groups, and (3)a 3rd-generation dendron with 8 hydroxyl groups. Linear PCL wassynthesized for comparison. All dendritic initiators are basedon 2,2- bis(methylol) propionic acid. The comb-branchedpolymers were initiated from a modified peroxide functionalpolyacrylate. The resins were end-capped withmethylmethacrylate in order to produce a cross-linkable system.The polymers and films were characterized using 1H NMR, 13CNMR, SEC, DMTA, DSC, FT-IR, FT-Raman, rheometry and a rheometercoupled to a UV-lamp to measure cure behavior.The star-branched PCLs exhibited considerably lowerviscosities than their linear counterparts with the samemolecular weight for the molecular region investigated (2-550kg mol-1). It was also found that the zero shear viscosityincreased roughly exponentially with M.The PCL star-branched resins are semi-crystalline and theirmelting points (Tm) range from 34-50°C; films can beformed and cured below 80°C. The viscoelastic behaviourduring the cure showed that the time to reach the gel point, afew seconds, increased linearly with molecular weight. Thecrossover of Gand Gwas used as the gelpoint. Measurement of mechanical properties of films showedthat the low molecular weight polymers were amorphous whilethose with high molecular weight were crystalline after cure.The polymerization of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (NPC) fromoligo- and multifunctional initiators was evaluated utilizingcoordination and cationic polymerization. Two tin basedcatalysts, stannous(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and stannous(II)trifluoromethane sulfonate, were compared with fumaric acid.Fumaric acid under bulk conditions resulted in lowerpolydispersity and less chance of gelling. The synthesis ofstar-branched polymers was confirmed by SEC data. The starpolymers exhibited a Tg at 20-30°C and a Tm at about100°C.All semi-crystalline resins exhibited a fast decrease inviscosity at Tm. Blends of combbranched semi-crystalline resinsand amorphous resins exhibited a transition behavior inbetweenthat of pure semi-crystalline resins and that of amorphousresins.The SEC characterization of a series of dendrimers withdifferent cores and terminal groups showed that the core had animpact on the viscosimetric radius of the core while theterminal groups appeared to have no effect.Keywords:star-branched, semi-crystalline,comb-branched, ring-opening polymerization,poly(ε-caprolactone), dendritic, thermoset, lowtemperature curing, powder coating, UVcuring,poly(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one), size exclusionchromatography, rheology, dendritic aliphatic polyester

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Huang, Yu-Chieh. "Orientation robust transmit polarization diversity techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69540/1/Yu-Chieh_Huang_Thesis.pdf.

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Polarisation diversity is a technique to improve the quality of mobile communications, but its reliability is suboptimal because it depends on the mobile channel and the antenna orientations at both ends of the mobile link. A method to optimise the reliability is established by minimising the dependency on antenna orientations. While the mobile base station can have fixed antenna orientation, the mobile terminal is typically a handheld device with random orientations. This means orientation invariance needs to be established at the receiver in the downlink, and at the transmitter in the uplink. This research presents separate solutions for both cases, and is based on the transmission of an elliptically polarised signal synthesised from the channel statistics. Complete receiver orientation invariance is achieved in the downlink. Effects of the transmitter orientation are minimised in the uplink.

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Galymov, Birzhan. "Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Loss Reduction By Multi-branch Exchange Method." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614663/index.pdf.

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As structure and size of electric power distribution systems are getting more complex, distribution automation schemes become more attractive. One of the features that is desirable in an automated system is feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction. Loss reduction can make considerable savings for a utility and results in released system capacity. There is also improved voltage regulation in the system as a result of reduced feeder voltage drop. In this thesis, multi branch exchange algorithm is introduced to solve the network reconfiguration for loss reduction problem. The proposed technique is based on heuristic techniques applied to constraint satisfaction optimization problems. A critical review of earlier methods related with feeder reconfiguration is presented. A computer program was developed using Matlab to simulate this algorithm and results of simulations demonstrate its advantages over single branch exchange method. Moreover, the results show that the final configuration is independent of the initial configuration and give assurance that any solution offered will have a radial configuration with all loads connected.

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Dietze, Kai. "Analysis of a Two-Branch Maximal Ratio and Selection Diversity System with Unequal Branch Powers and Correlated Inputs for a Rayleigh Fading Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32412.

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This report, presents an analytical framework for analyzing two-branch diversity systems for a Rayleigh fading channel. In many cases the fading received at both branches (i.e. a two-antenna element system) is correlated because of the proximity of the antenna elements to each other. It is also not uncommon for a diversity system to use antennas with different patterns or polarizations, this usually results in differences in average signal-to-noise ratios at both branches depending on which element is better matched to the signal environment. As will be shown, the performance of a diversity system depends greatly on the envelope correlation, average power imbalance and the combining scheme used on both branches. An analytical expression for the probability density function of the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of a two-branch maximal ratio and selection diversity system is developed in this report. The two branches are assumed to be Rayleigh fading, correlated, as well as of unequal signal-to-noise ratios. Measurements were made in Rayleigh fading channels and compared to the analytical results. The analytical cumulative distribution functions (derived using probability distributions) were found to be within 1 dB of the measured results (statistics obtained from time combining) for both maximal ratio and selection diversity attesting to the validity of the analytic results. Also developed in this report are the exact analytical average probabilities of symbol error for coherent BPSK and coherent QPSK before and after maximal ratio combining for this environment. The diversity gain for selection, maximal ratio, and equal gain combining for the 10% probability level is presented as a function of power imbalance and correlation between branches for a two-branch Rayleigh diversity system Master of Science

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Goldman, Alissa. "The effects on strength, power, and body composition of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild II, following strength training in collegiate male basketball players." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1179129.

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Thirteen Ball State University, male basketball players participated in this study to examine the effects of an amino acid supplement, Rebuild IITM and glutamine, on strength and vertical jump performance. Rebuild IITM contains high levels of BCAA and glutamine.The thirteen subjects were divided into two groups, Rebuild IIT"'' (n=7) and placebo (n=6). Both groups participated in a ten week strength and conditioning training program. Subjects were pre and post-tested on the hang clean, bench press, squat, and the vertical jump. Changes in percent body fat were also compared. Pre and post measures were analyzed using a 2x2 ANOVA variance with a significant level set at p<0.05. Both groups showed significant increases between pre and post-test measurements in all of the variables measured, but could not be significantly proven to be due to treatment effect. It was concluded that with a controlled strength and conditioning program, basketball players would increase strength and vertical jump performance and decrease percent body fat. Yet in order to determine whether an amino acid supplement may further increase these measurements, a dietary recall must be obtained. School of Physical Education

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Oliveira, Marina Lavorato de. "Planejamento integrado da expansão de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260639.

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Orientadores: Ariovaldo Verandio Garcia, Marcos Julio Rider Flores Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T23:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MarinaLavoratode_D.pdf: 1360671 bytes, checksum: e66710c118252edf8c3638375c56fdc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 Abstract: In this work the Distribution System Integrated Planning (DSIP) problem is modeled as a mixed integer (binary) nonlinear program problem. Two techniques were investigated to solve this problem. First, a specialized Constructive Heuristic Algorithm (CHA) was implemented. A sensitivity index is used in each step of the CHA to add a circuit, a substation, a capacitor bank or a voltage regulator to the distribution system. This sensitivity index is obtained by solving the DSIP problem considering the numbers of circuits and substations to be added as continuous variables (the DSIP relaxed problem). The objective of the DSIP is to minimize the operation costs and the construction costs of circuits, substations, capacitors and voltage regulators, which are subjected to constraints of power balance, voltage magnitude, maximum circuit and substation capacities, taps control and radiality constraint. In addition, a local improvement phase to improve the initial solution of the CHA and a branching technique to avoid the infeasibility cases in the distribution system operation were included Doutorado Energia Eletrica Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Schucman, Lia Vainer. "Entre o \"encardido\", o \"branco\" e o \"branquíssimo\": raça, hierarquia e poder na construção da branquitude paulistana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-21052012-154521/.

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O objetivo desta tese é compreender e analisar como a ideia de raça e os significados acerca da branquitude são apropriados e construídos por sujeitos brancos na cidade de São Paulo. A branquitude é entendida aqui como uma construção sócio-histórica produzida pela ideia falaciosa de superioridade racial branca, e que resulta, nas sociedades estruturadas pelo racismo, em uma posição em que os sujeitos identificados como brancos adquirem privilégios simbólicos e materiais em relação aos não brancos. Para a realização deste trabalho apresento uma abordagem conceitual dos estudos sobre branquitude dentro da psicologia social e das ciências humanas. Apresento também seus desdobramentos para o entendimento do racismo contemporâneo, bem como revisão teórica de como o conceito de raça foi produzido a partir do pensamento acadêmico europeu do século XIX e reproduzido no pensamento social paulistano. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida por meio da realização de entrevistas e conversas informais com sujeitos que se auto identi\" caram como brancos de diferentes classes sociais, idade e sexo. Nosso intuito era compreender a heterogeneidade da branquitude nesta cidade. As análises demonstraram que há por parte destes sujeitos a insistência em discursos biológicos e culturais hierárquicos do branco sob outras construções racializadas, e, portanto, o racismo ainda faz parte de um dos traços uni\" cadores da identidade racial branca paulistana. Percebemos também que os significados construídos sobre a branquitude exercem poder sobre o próprio grupo de indivíduos brancos, marcando diferenças e hierarquias internas. Assim, a branquitude é deslocada dentro das diferenças de origem, regionalidade, gênero, fenótipo e classe, o que demonstra que a categoria branco é uma questão internamente controversa e que alguns tipos de branquitude são marcadores de hierarquias da própria categoria The goal of this dissertation is to understand and analyze how the ideas of race and whiteness are constructed and given meaning by white inhabitants in the city of São Paulo. Whiteness is understood as a social-historical construction produced by the deceptive notion of white racial supremacy. In societies that are structured by racism, whiteness generates a situation in which individuals that are identified as white are given symbolic and material priviledge in relation to those individuals considered not white. I present a review of references in the field of critical whiteness studies connected to Social Psychology and Social Sciences, pointing out its implications to the understanding of contemporary racism. I also present the history of race as a concept formulated in 19th century European academic thought and its reflections in the paulistano social thought in the present. Field research was conducted through interviews and informal conversation with individuals from diverse social class, age and gender that self-identified themselves as white. Our aim was to understand the heterogen caracter of whiteness in São Paulo. Analyses demonstrated that, for these individuals, biological and hieraquic cultural discourses remain as explanation to racial diferences, and racism is still a structural element of paulistano white racial identity. We also noticed that the social meaning that derives from the notion of whiteness operates in white individuals, indicating internal hieraquical diferences. Whiteness is therefore dislocated and relocated in relation to social origin and class, regional, gender and fenotipical diferences, which demonstrates that the category White is internally controversial and that some kinds of whiteness are indicative of hierarquical power within it

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Vanderlinde, Jeferson Back [UNESP]. "Planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão usando algoritmos tipo dual simplex especializados em uma estrutura branch and bound." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87153.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vanderlinde_jb_me_ilha.pdf: 817450 bytes, checksum: f55727575f9ad09191bc30a0419b1f24 (MD5) A presente pesquisa considera a análise teórica e a implementação computacional do algoritmo Dual Simplex Canalizado especializado na reotimização eficiente dos subproblemas gerados pelo algoritmo Branch and Bound para resolver problemas de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. Juntamente com estes algoritmos é implementado o algoritmo Primal Simplex Canalizado para resolver o problema de Programação Linear inicial resultante do problema Programação Linear Inteiro Misto após desconsiderar a restrição de integralidade das variáveis. Estes algoritmos, adequadamente analisados e sistematizados são implementados através da linguagem computacional FORTRAN 77 e empregados no Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas Transmissão modelados através do Modelo de Transportes que resulta em um problema de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. This research considers the theoretical analysis and computational implementation of the Dual Simplex algorithmfor Bounded Variables specializes in efficient re-optimization of sub-problems generated by the Branch and Bound algorithm to solve Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problems. Along with these algorithms has been implemented Primal Simplex algorithm for Bounded Variables to solve the initial Linear Programming problem result of a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem after relaxing the integrality of the variables. These algorithms has been adequately analyzed and implemented via the computer language FORTRAN 77. The methodology has been tested on the Transmission Network Expansion Planning based on a transportation model that results in a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming.

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Vanderlinde, Jeferson Back. "Planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão usando algoritmos tipo dual simplex especializados em uma estrutura branch and bound /." Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87153.

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Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro Banca: Marina Lavorato de Oliveira Banca: Antonio César Balleiro Alves Resumo: A presente pesquisa considera a análise teórica e a implementação computacional do algoritmo Dual Simplex Canalizado especializado na reotimização eficiente dos subproblemas gerados pelo algoritmo Branch and Bound para resolver problemas de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. Juntamente com estes algoritmos é implementado o algoritmo Primal Simplex Canalizado para resolver o problema de Programação Linear inicial resultante do problema Programação Linear Inteiro Misto após desconsiderar a restrição de integralidade das variáveis. Estes algoritmos, adequadamente analisados e sistematizados são implementados através da linguagem computacional FORTRAN 77 e empregados no Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas Transmissão modelados através do Modelo de Transportes que resulta em um problema de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. Abstract: This research considers the theoretical analysis and computational implementation of the Dual Simplex algorithmfor Bounded Variables specializes in efficient re-optimization of sub-problems generated by the Branch and Bound algorithm to solve Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problems. Along with these algorithms has been implemented Primal Simplex algorithm for Bounded Variables to solve the initial Linear Programming problem result of a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem after relaxing the integrality of the variables. These algorithms has been adequately analyzed and implemented via the computer language FORTRAN 77. The methodology has been tested on the Transmission Network Expansion Planning based on a transportation model that results in a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming. Mestre

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Freire, Danilo Alves Mendes. "Entre urnas e armas: a competitividade do Poder Executivo e as Guerras Civis, 1976 - 2000." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-15082012-114934/.

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A guerra civil é a forma de violência coletiva mais importante de nossa época. Embora pesquisas recentes tenham apontado alguns elementos como determinantes das guerras civis, a influência dos fatores políticos nos conflitos internos ainda é controversa. O presente estudo analisa, por meio de regressão estatística, a relação entre a competitividade do poder executivo e a incidência de guerras civis de 1976 a 2000. Os achados indicam que tanto eleições com candidatos únicos como votações multipartidárias reduzem a incidência de guerras civis. Ademais, os resultados dão apoio às hipóteses levantadas pela literatura recente de que terreno montanhoso, grande população, sistema políticos centralizados e a existência de conflitos anteriores aumentam significativamente o risco de incidência de guerras civis Civil War is the most important form of collective violence of our time. Although recent research has yielded some determining elements to civil war, the influence of political factors on internal conflicts remains disputed. This study analyzes, by means of statistics regression, the correlation between the competitiveness in the Executive Branch and the incidence of civil war from 1976 to 2000. The findings indicate that both single-candidate and multi-party elections reduce the incidence of civil war. Furthermore, the results lend support to the hypotheses put forward by recent literature that mountainous terrain, large population, centralized political system, and the existence of former conflicts significantly heighten the risk of incidence of civil war

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MARTINEZ, BARAHONA Elena. "Seeking the Political Role of the Third Government Branch: A comparative approach to high courts in Central America." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7931.

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Defence date: 22 January 2007 Examining board: Prof. Pilar Domingo (Universidad de Salamanca) ; Prof. Carlo Guarnieri (Università di Bologna) ; Prof. Donatella Della Porta (European University Institute) ; Prof. Philippe C. Schmitter (European University Institute)(Supervisor) PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses Until recently, Courts were not an important component of political science research on Latin America. The quantity of research on the judiciary does not compare even remotely to the vast literature on others institutions. However, despite the relative inattention to their role, courts are institutions whose performance has concrete and relevant effects on the socio-political system. Indeed, Courts have currently emerged as active participants in the political process offering new opportunities to citizens, social movements, interest groups, and politicians. Focusing on three countries of Central America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala), this dissertation illustrates how far the political system in these countries is shaped in significant ways by the role of Courts as political institutions. Throughout a comparative approach, this study offers what may be the first cross-national analysis explicitly designed to serve as a comprehensive measure of the political role of High Courts.

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SILVA, Rodrigo Santiago da. "A política externa brasileira analisada em três dimensões: um estudo sobre a comissão de relações exteriores e de defesa nacional da câmara dos deputados." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18739.

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Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-09T15:27:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Rodrigo Santiago da Silva.pdf: 629173 bytes, checksum: fea127c3e5f0cc3f8be72ba63cb59391 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T15:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Rodrigo Santiago da Silva.pdf: 629173 bytes, checksum: fea127c3e5f0cc3f8be72ba63cb59391 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-07 O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a Comissão de Relações Exteriores e de Defesa Nacional (CREDN) da Câmara dos Deputados, em três dimensões (individual, institucional e partidária). O foco é na elaboração da política externa, durante as 52a e 53a legislatura. Parte- se do pressuposto de que em matérias de política externa, o Legislativo pode atuar como um ponto de veto. Na literatura há duas importantes correntes. A primeira aponta os parlamentares como omissos em debates sobre o tema; e a segunda, acredita que mesmo com restrições, o Congresso tenta influenciar na questão supracitada. Para responder aos objetivos da pesquisa são empregadas três estratégias. A primeira (atuação individual) busca analisar os momentos em que os parlamentares exercem o controle ex-post na CREDN. A segunda (relação institucional) verifica se há interferência do Executivo sobre o trabalho legislativo na CREDN. A terceira (dimensão partidária) observa se há diferenças entre os membros das comissões. Neste caso, entre os deputados da CREDN e da Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania (CCJC). Os resultados assinalam para: (1) Baixo controle do Executivo na CREDN; (2) Uma relevante participação do parlamentares, o que nos impossibilita aderir à tese da passividade dos deputados; e, (3) Que não existem diferenças significativas entre o perfil dos deputados da CREDN, comparados aos da CCJC. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the Committee of Foreign Relations and National Defense (CREDN) of House of Representatives, in three dimensions: individual, institutional and partisan. The focus is on foreign policymaking during the 52th and 53th Legislature. We assume that in matters of foreign policy, the Legislative can act as a veto player. In the specialized literature there are two major directions. The first considers congressmen as omitted in the debates on the subject. The second points out that even with restrictions, Congress tries to influence the question of foreign policy. To answer the research objectives three strategies are employed. The first (individual performance) regards the moments in which parliamentarians exert control in the ex-post CREDN. The second (institutional relationship) verifies if there is interference of the Executive on the Legislative work in CREDN. The third (party dimension) analyzes if there are differences among the committee members of CREDN and Committee of Constitution and Justice and Citizenship (CCJC). The results are threefold: (1) Low control of the Executive in the CREDN; (2) Significant participation of congressmen, what makes impossible to stick on the thesis of passivity of them; (3) There are no significant differences between the profiles of members of CREDN and CCJC.

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Lira, Gabriel Ciríaco. "O papel do poder judiciário sob a perspectiva do Estado Democrático de Direito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8197.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Ciriaco Lira.pdf: 502367 bytes, checksum: a47d2b727feecffe11c3530f15ce34aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-18 In Brazil, after the Constitution of 1988 was enacted, we have the increasing of judicial branch activities. These growing of his activities can be tributed to more constiency of citizenship. Brazilian people came each more often to the Courts. It must be recalled that brazilian Judiciary branch is very conservative. Many times judges argued that the have no competency to decide, and these results in a non liquet decision itself. By the other side, we faced a society who officials arrived to their positions as we have been at monarchy system, by inheritage. Judiciary branch must be changed by those who have the judiciary skills lawyers, judges, procecuters, - law actors-. It is not easy change mentalities. Since French Revolution, the law search for legality, who is misunderstanding as legal security. Legality today have constitutional sources. Judicial branch have this important duty beyond the rule of law. Separation of powers was an important theory to stop dictators and ditactorships. However, these theory cannot be applied in Brazil as it was in France, or in any other country. Each people, each Nation, has their own different historic reality who has different remedies and solutions. This dissertation aims to contribute how must be the role of Judicial branch, his mission under constitutional system. Any construction of constitutional system must considered the view of rule of law No Brasil, especialmente, após a Constituição de 1988, vem crescendo cada vez mais a atuação do Poder Judiciário. Este crescimento deste poder não ocorre de maneira aleatória. A complexidade das relações sociais, a maior consciência de cidadania levam cada vez mais a população brasileira a buscar os seus direitos nos tribunais. Sem embargo disso, nosso Judiciário adota um grande viés conservador (tal qual nossa sociedade). Muitas vezes sobre o argumento de que não tem competência para decidir, acaba promovendo uma não decisão de conseqüências desastrosas. De outro lado, como estamos diante de uma sociedade em que aqueles que chegam aos postos-chave da república são privilegiados. A mudança pelo poder judiciário requer uma intensa modificação da consciência jurídica dos operadores do Direito. Não é fácil essa mudança. Desde a Revolução Francesa o Direito se pautou pela busca da legalidade, confundida com literalidade como pressuposto para segurança jurídica. A legalidade hoje ela tem um viés constitucional. Ao Judiciário deve ser dado cumprir esta missão. A Teoria das Separações dos Poderes teve um grande mérito de barrar o autoritarismo. No entanto esta não pode ser aplicada no Brasil, da mesma forma que na França, ou em qualquer outro país. Cada povo, cada País, tem sua realidade histórica diferente que exige soluções diferentes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estabelecer como esta Teoria deve ser aplicada no Brasil, qual deve ser o papel do Judiciário sobre o prisma constitucional. Tendo como premissa que uma visão constitucional não pode ser abandonada por qualquer interpretação jurídica

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Brandão, Marcella Araujo da Nova. "A consensualidade e a administração pública em juízo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2766.

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Submitted by Pedro Mizukami (pedro.mizukami@fgv.br) on 2009-09-08T18:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DMPPJ 2009 - Marcella Araujo da Nova Brandão.pdf: 568835 bytes, checksum: c46a5f0d66efbd7d43f7921b5a40533a (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Pedro Mizukami(pedro.mizukami@fgv.br) on 2009-09-08T18:14:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DMPPJ 2009 - Marcella Araujo da Nova Brandão.pdf: 568835 bytes, checksum: c46a5f0d66efbd7d43f7921b5a40533a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2009-09-08T18:14:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DMPPJ 2009 - Marcella Araujo da Nova Brandão.pdf: 568835 bytes, checksum: c46a5f0d66efbd7d43f7921b5a40533a (MD5) Com o aumento da pressão social sobre a qualidade do serviço prestado pelo Poder Judiciário, há necessidade de se perseguir maior eficiência por estes órgãos. Neste contexto, vem ganhando força a idéia da consensualidade, de modo a permitir à Administração, por meio da interação com o cidadão, promover acordos e obter resultados mais efetivos para todos. O foco deste estudo é a identificação de aspectos práticos que reduzem e, em alguns casos, inviabilizam a materialização de pontos de consenso entre o cidadão e a Administração Pública, para reverter esse quadro. With the increase of the social pressure on the quality of services rendered by the Judiciary Branch and other public powers in general, there is a necessity to make the Judiciary Branch and the administration in general more efficient. In this context, the idea of consensuality is gaining strength in ways to allow the administration through interaction with the public to reach an agreement with more effective results to all parties. The focus of this study is to identify some practical aspects that could possibly reduce, or even hinder, the effectiveness of consensuality between citizens and public administration in an attempt to overcome this adverse cenario.

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Silveira, Gabriel Eidelwein. "Culturas democráticas e poder judiciário : um estudo sociológico comparativo baseado em tipos ideais." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159162.

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A presente tese de doutorado apresenta um estudo sociológico comparativo de culturas democráticas e do funcionamento judiciário, baseado em tipos ideais, com enfoque nas culturas cívicas, jurídicas e judiciais dos Estados Unidos, do Brasil e da França. O objetivo principal é compreender o funcionamento do Poder Judiciário no Brasil, a partir de sua cultura democrático-constitucional oficial, problematizando-a em face da hipótese da persistência de habitus patrimonialistas subjacentes à forma jurídica. O primeiro capítulo constrói e compara os tipos ideais da cultura democrática (aspectos sociais e políticos) nos Estados Unidos, na França e no Brasil. Os pensamentos e valores marcantes em torno das coisas públicas e privadas são organizados na forma dos tipos comparáveis do individualista liberal, do coletivista social e do patrimonialista pessoal. As elites típicas são esboçadas em torno das noções de um advogado burguês, um nobre de Estado e um burocrata estamental. Por último, o problema dos mitos fundantes das democracias é elaborado através do contraponto dos racionalismos contratualistas (pragmático nos Estados Unidos e utópico na França) com o ranço pré-moderno das raízes culturais brasileiras. O segundo capítulo constrói e compara os arranjos institucionais e o funcionamento do poder judiciário nos três países. Descreve-se e sistematiza-se, para utilização eficaz, a ferramenta conceitual das magistraturas “burocráticas” e “profissionais”, tal como já “pré-concebida” por Garapon, Guarnieri e Pederzoli. O aspecto burocrático bloqué, excessivamente apegado ao Código, da magistratura judicial francesa, é explicado pelo temor do retorno da barbárie e do arbítrio pessoal, que são como memórias reprimidas, do Ancien Régime e da Revolução, no inconsciente cultural francês. A formação da alta magistratura administrativa como uma forma de noblesse d’État é explicada como a modernização, pela legitimação escolar, das reminiscências cortesãs latentes de uma sociedade afeita à distinção social. Por sua vez, o ativismo judicial característico do judiciário americano é explicado pela retumbante interpenetração entre o direito e a política em sua cultura; imbricamento este que explica os métodos de recrutamento que privilegiam a accountability em detrimento da independência judicial; bem como a licenciosidade com que os juízes americanos se imiscuem no universo das ideologias políticas, inclusive as partidárias. Por último, o fato de os magistrados brasileiros pensarem-se como grupo distinto e superior, com ares de nobreza, é explicado através da ideia de “nobreza concursada”, como sendo a feição contemporânea do estamento burocrático. O desembaraço de seu jogo duplo, em ora apresentarem-se como medalhões, que dão carteiraços, ora como técnicos (ou paladinos) da ordem jurídica democrática, é explicado pela ambiguidade essencial da modernização da cultura brasileira: o ethos patrimonialista contemporâneo é interpretado como modernização da cordialidade idílica; o “indivíduo contratualista”, formal e burocrata, e a “pessoa estamental”, favorita do paço, encontram sua síntese perfeita no magistrado-concursado-medalhão contemporâneo. This PhD dissertation presents a comparative sociological study of the democratic cultures and the judicial functioning, based on ideal types; focusing on the civic, legal, judicial cultures of the United States, Brazil and France. The main goal is to understand the functioning of the Judiciary in Brazil, from its official constitutional democratic culture, rendering it problematic before the hypothesis of a steady habitus of patrimonialism, underlying the legal formalities. The first chapter constructs and compares the ideal types of the democratic culture (social and political features) in the United States, in France and in Brazil. The remarkable thoughts and the values, on public and private issues, are shaped as comparable types, like the “liberal individualist”, the “social collectivist”, the “person of the patrimonialism”. Typical elites are drafted based on the notions of the bourgeois-lawyer, the State noble, and the status-group-bureaucrat. Finally, the issue of the democratic founding myths is constructed by opposing the contractual rationalisms (pragmatic in the US and utopic in France) and the pre-modern rancidity of Brazilian cultural roots. The second chapter constructs and compares the judicial institutional setting and its functioning in the three countries. It effectively describes and systematizes the conceptual tool of “bureaucratic” and “professional” magistracies, first conceived by Garapon, Guarnieri and Pederzoli. The character of bureaucratie bloquée, obsessed by the Code of the French judicial magistracy, is explained by the fear of the French people of facing backlashes of barbarism and tyrannies, reminding the time of the Old Regime and the Revolution, based on unconscious repressed cultural memories. The making of the high administrative magistracy, shaped as a noblesse d’État, is explained as a modernization of courtier reminiscence, by means of scholar legitimization, which are latent in a society with taste for social distinctiveness. In turn, the characteristic judicial activism of the American judiciary is explained by the sounding interpenetration between law and politics in their culture. This imbrication explains the methods of recruitment that privilege accountability rather than judicial independence. This also explains the cultural permissiveness for American judges to meddle with the universe of political, even partisan ideologies. At last, the fact that the Brazilian magistrates think of themselves as a distinct and superior group, with their ways of nobility, is explained by the idea of "examined nobility", meaning the contemporary feature of the bureaucratic status group. They play double-games with resourcefulness, sometimes playing the role of big-wigs, throwing their weights around; other times playing the technicians (or the warriors) of the democratic legal system. This is explained by the essential ambiguity in the modernization of the Brazilian culture: the ethos of a contemporary patrimonialism is interpreted as the modernization of the idyllic cordiality. The contemporary “examined big-wig” is the perfect synthesis of the associative formal-bureaucratic individual and the status-group person, “favorite of the prince”.

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Fanti, Fabiola. "Políticas de saúde em juízo: um estudo sobre o município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-02032010-171419/.

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Esse trabalho pretende contribuir para a compreensão do papel desempenhado pela justiça comum no contexto das políticas de saúde do município de São Paulo. Para tanto, ele propõe-se a estudar o processo de utilização do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo para garantia do direito à saúde e identificar os mecanismos institucionais que permitem que este processo ocorra. Realizou-se um levantamento das decisões proferidas por tal Tribunal em ações que questionavam políticas municipais de saúde e, posteriormente, analisou-se tais decisões com o objetivo de mapear os padrões de resposta que o Poder Judiciário tem dado a tais demandas. Finalmente, também buscou-se investigar em que medida tais respostas exercem influência sobre políticas de saúde do Poder Executivo e identificar quais foram as formas de acionamento e os atores envolvidos. A pesquisa teve como resultado a delineação de certas especificidades do processo de questionamento de políticas de saúde no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, tais como a predominância de ações individuais, o alto índice de condenações do Poder Executivo, a significativa utilização de assistência jurídica gratuita e os efeitos das condenações nas políticas de saúde, tanto na forma de alterações substantivas em seu conteúdo, como na de acordos institucionais firmados entre os atores demandantes e o Poder Executivo. This research aims at understanding the role played by the common courts in the context of health policy in São Paulo. Therefore, it is proposed to study the process of using the São Paulo State Court of Justice to guarantee the right to health and identify institutional mechanisms that allow this process to occur. We accomplished a survey of this Court decisions in lawsuits that contestate municipal health policies, and then examined such decisions in order to map the patterns of response that the judiciary has given to such demands. Finally, we also sought to investigate to what extent such responses influence on executive branch health policies and to identify what were the ways of demanding and the actors involved. The research resulted in a delineation of certain specific characteristics of health policy contestation at the São Paulo State Court, such as the predominance of individual lawsuits, the high rate of the executive branch convictions, the significant use of free legal assistance and the effects of conviction in health policies, both as substantive changes in its content, as institutional arrangements between the actors applicants and the Executive.

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MourÃo, Pedro Jorge Chaves. "A SocioanÃlise da formaÃÃo de um Deputado Estadual: O Caso TomÃs Figueiredo Filho." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8209.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior Como se constrÃi socialmente um deputado estadual? Este trabalho discute o processo de formaÃÃo sÃcio-histÃrica de 1 (um) deputado estadual da 27Â Legislatura (2007-2010) no CearÃ atravÃs do relato biogrÃfico, da anÃlise documental e da observaÃÃo direta do trabalho desse parlamentar, a fim de compreender como se deu o seu aprendizado polÃtico. Quais sÃo as influÃncias sociais que o posicionaram no campo polÃtico e como essas influÃncias se manifestam em suas aÃÃes polÃticas? Essas sÃo as principais perguntas a que busco responder nesta pesquisa. As bases desse trabalho estÃo na descriÃÃo e anÃlise das disposiÃÃes adquiridas pelo pesquisado em sua trajetÃria de socializaÃÃo. Portanto, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os mecanismos de formaÃÃo do habitus polÃtico e da relaÃÃo do binÃmio indivÃduo/sociedade. How is socially constructed a state deputy?This study discusses the process of social formation of a state deputy of the 27th Legislature (2007-2010) in CearÃ through biographic account, documental analysis and direct observation of the work of parliamentary to understand how he gave his political apprenticeship. What are the social influences that have positioned in the political field and how these influences manifested themselves in his political actions?These are the principal questions i seek to answer in this research. The groundwork of this study are the description and analysis of the provisions acquired by the researching in his trajectory as socialization. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the mechanisms of formation of the habitus and political relationship of the binomial individual / society.

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Klas, Juliana. "Planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão com dispositivos FACTS e links CC empregando metodologia Branch-and-Bound adaptada." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108467.

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Este trabalho apresenta proposta de modelo matemático para o problema de expansão do sistema de transmissão baseado no fluxo de carga CC considerando a utilização de links CC e FACTS resolvido através de metodologia de solução que considera a primeira e a segunda lei de Kirchhoff em processo enumerativo de branch-and-bound adaptado. A abordagem possui dois pontos em destaque: i) apresenta uma proposta de modelo matemático com possibilidade da utilização direta em problemas de expansão de linhas de transmissão que possuem tanto linhas de transmissão CA, transformadores, links CC e dispositivos FACTS e ii) é um método exato de solução do problema que garante a otimalidade da resposta e traz uma contribuição ao tradicional método branch-and-bound por incluir relaxações adicionais. O método aplicado aos sistemas de 6 barras de Garver e sistema Sul sudeste Brasileiro de 46 barras apresenta respostas adequadas e o modelo matemático testado em um sistema Garver modificado apresenta novas configurações possíveis com redução do custo total do investimento. This work proposes a mathematical model to the transmission expansion system problem based on the DC power flow model considering the use of DC links and FACTS that is solved using a solution method considering the first and second Kirchhoff’s Law in an enumerative adapted branch-and-bound process. It is possible to highlight two key aspects of the proposed approach: i) presents a mathematical model that can be directly used on expansion transmission systems problems that have AC transmission lines, transformers, DC links and FACTS and ii) is an exact solution method that guarantees the optimum problems’s solutions and contributes to the traditional branch-and-bound method bringing additional relaxations. The solution method applied to Garver’s six-bus network and southeast Brazilian 46 bus network provides correct answers and the mathematical model tested on a modified Garver’s six-bus network presents new possible configurations that enables overall cost reduction to the problem.

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Sosa, Villagarcia Paolo. "All the President's ‘Men’? A closer look at the Executive Branch regarding ministers in post-Fujimori Peru (2001-2014)." Politai, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92401.

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This paper focuses on ministers as government executives, paying special attention tothe case of Peru after the fall of Alberto Fujimori’s rule. This exploratory perspective seeks to provide a look over the political and technical characteristics of these executive corps in recent governments as well as the variation in their stability. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is (1) to describe their demographic and professional characteristics; and (2) analyze some indicators of ministerial stability and cabinet configuration. For this purpose a database of ministers (1990- 2014) is used, focusing the analysis in democratically elected governments after Fujimori (2001-2014). Este artículo se centra en los ministros de Estado como ejecutivos del gobierno, prestando especial atención al caso peruano luego de la caída del régimen de Alberto Fujimori. Desde esta perspectiva exploratoria se busca proporcionar una mirada sobre las características políticas y técnicas de estos cuerpos ejecutivos en los últimos gobiernos, así como sobre la variación en la estabilidad de estos cargos en los tres últimos períodos. En ese sentido, el propósito de esta investigación es (1) presentar de manera descriptiva las características demográficas, políticas y profesionales del cuerpo ministerial peruano; así como (2) analizar indicadores sobre la estabilidad ministerial y la configuración de los gabinetes. Para ello se utiliza una base de datos sobre ministros de Estado (1990-2014) y se observan principalmente los gobiernos democráticamente electos luego de la caída de Fujimori (2001-2014).

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Kich, Tassiara Jaqueline Fanck. "DESCRIÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO DOCUMENTAL JUDICIAL: PROCESSOS DA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10974.

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This study introduces an arrangement and description proposal for lawsuits of custody from the collection of the Archive of the Judicial Court of Rio Grande do Sul. This collection consists of documentary resources that enable social studies, cultural, legal and historical. For organizing and accessing information, the cases were arranged and described by applying the archival functions according to the needs and specificities of the court files. Considering the Brazilian Standard of Archival Description, were defined and described the description levels base, section, subsection, series and process, which were described as the evidence presented by the Standard. Contemplated, in the arrangement, the deep Judicial Power of Rio Grande do Sul, the 1st and 2nd degree sections, the subsections as document producer Counties all over the State and the series used in the classification procedure of the National Council of Justice. For the process level, was established a model considering the elements the Standard and basic procedural information to the monitoring and location of the files. The proposed description is being applied along the lawsuits representatives of the First Republic (1889- 1930). Among the processes initiated in this period, were randomly selected from statistical calculations, those being described. Analysis of the information described allows relations with facts and social, political and cultural aspects from the historical period considered, providing the scholars with numerous opportunities for research. The paper presents some of these possibilities of analysis, in addition to the proposed adoption of the model describing the processes in the computerized file from the Judicial Archive. In this regard, the objectives of defining and implementing the arrangement and description have been achieved, allowing access and research to relevant information contained in court documents. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de arranjo e descrição para processos judiciais de guarda permanente do acervo do Arquivo Judicial do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul. Este acervo é composto por fontes documentais que permitem estudos sociais, culturais, jurídicos e históricos. Para organização e acesso às informações, os processos foram arranjados e descritos, aplicando as funções arquivísticas de acordo com as necessidades e especificidades dos arquivos judiciais. Considerando a Norma Brasileira de Descrição Arquivística, definiu-se o arranjo dos documentos nos níveis fundo, seção, subseção, série e processo, os quais foram descritos conforme os elementos apresentados pela Norma. Contemplou-se, no arranjo, o fundo Poder Judiciário do Rio Grande do Sul, as seções 1º e 2º Graus, as subseções como Comarcas produtoras de documentos em todo o Estado, e as séries utilizadas na classificação processual do Conselho Nacional de Justiça. Para o nível processo, estabeleceu-se um modelo considerando os elementos da Norma e as informações processuais fundamentais ao acompanhamento e localização dos autos. A descrição proposta está sendo aplicada em conjunto de processos judiciais representativos da Primeira República (1889-1930). Entre os processos iniciados nesse período, foram selecionados aleatoriamente, a partir de cálculo estatístico, aqueles que estão sendo descritos. A análise das informações descritas permite relações com fatos e aspectos sociais, políticos e culturais do período histórico considerado, fornecendo aos estudiosos inúmeras possibilidades de pesquisas. O trabalho apresenta algumas dessas possibilidades de análises, além da proposta de adoção do modelo de descrição dos processos no sistema informatizado do Arquivo Judicial. Nesse sentido, os objetivos de definição e realização do arranjo e descrição foram alcançados, permitindo o acesso e pesquisa a relevantes informações constantes nos documentos judiciais.

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Chang, Lun-Ming, and 張倫銘. "The study of wide-angle three branches power splitter." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22423304573304699782.

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碩士 國立宜蘭大學 電子工程學系碩士班 94 In the optical communication systems, in order to transfer the signal to different destination, the branching waveguide structures are important and essential components. For instance, Y-branch waveguides that can divide power equally are employed as optical power dividers, switch arrays and interferometric modulators. When the output branch number is more than 2, we can construct a cascade connection of Y-branch waveguides. However, it occupies a large optical circuit area. The power dividers with 2N output branches can be setup by arranging (2N-1) branch waveguide. However, the design of dividing structures with output branches of odd number such as three or five are difficult. It is our focal point in this thesis that symmetrical 1×3 branch optical waveguide structures, which can divide power equally at each branch, low-loss and wide-angle, are simulated by the beam propagation method. In the past, the designed rules are taken account of the phase front and mode matching but the power split. In this thesis, we consider the power split, phase front and mode matching. We also use the microprism to design a 1×3 branch optical waveguide structures. The structure of prism we design are trapezoidal, inverted trapezoidal and hexagon structures. The indices we proposed are from low index to high index.The different types of our design structures are also compared.

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Chen, Jyun-Ji, and 陳俊吉. "Piecewise Linear Parallel Branches ModelApplied to Photovoltaic Power System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27317689865101905364.

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碩士 雲林科技大學 電機工程系碩士班 97 The nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and performance of a photovoltaic (PV) generator are affected by temperature and solar insolation, which causes major challenge in using circuit-oriented simulation program to simulate the PV generator. This thesis proposes a piecewise linear parallel branches(PLPB) model for PV generator based on the ElectroMagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) and its simulation tool “MODELS”. The principle the of proposed model is to approximate the nonlinear I-V characteristic of a PV generator by several linear functions which can be fulfilled by piecewise linear parallel branches. Once the solar radiation or temperature changes, the values of circuit components in parallel branches will change as well. This mechanism takes the effects of temperature and solar radiation into account. Given solar insolation and temperature, an algorithm to calculate the values of circuit components in parallel branches is developed. The proposed model can be used to analyze influence of the degree of shading，influence of string length and influence of the number of shaded cells, when some modules are shaded. Finally,a three-phase single-stange PV power generation system with maximum power tracking function is tested base on the proposed PLPB model. Some common fault types of the PV power system are also discussed.

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SHAN, CHENG JU, and 鄭如珊. "A Discourse of Power/Authority in the Theatre:Centered on the Activities of Xing Guang Ju Tuan and its Branches." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z54u4x.

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碩士 國立臺北藝術大學 戲劇學系碩(博)士班 94 Abstract Based on the concept of Benedict Anderson’s ‘Imagined Communities,’ this thesis tries to conjecture the possibility of ‘“Power” Communities.’By getting through Cheng Wei Xian’s life, the thesis is to deduce the characters of the Power/Authority in the theater. Cheng founded the Xing Guang Ju Tuan as to be the blueprint of Taiwan theater. He led the Youths of Ta Tao Cheng into the theater. In addition, he built the Utopia due to his belief of Anarchism. This thesis attempts to categorize these Youths as‘the Intellectuals of Theater,’ and observes that their behaviors with the indefatigable energies and the exiled psychologies is the chance, for their fatality to be imprisoned, to complete their own ideologies. In order to define the ‘“Power” Communities’ and to compare the differences among the Xin Ju (New Play) festivals, this thesis also pays attention to the series of the activities that Xing Guang Ju Tuan joined in and concerns with the spirit of its branches. Based on Foucault’s and Said’s concepts of ‘Power,’ this thesis is to disclose that the power function hides in the society with the particular qualities of Space, Production and Body. As a result, we can imagine what the representation of Power is. Finally, we can make sure that all actions of the intellectuals were resulted from the crisis of lacking identification. The intellectuals in the Japanese governance transferred their activities from politics to art. By means of ‘“Power” Communities’, we can discover that what they longed for is the ‘contrapuntal identification’ instead of the ‘single identification.’ Nevertheless, all the people still yearn for the ‘multiplicate identify’up to now.

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Cheng, Ju-Shan, and 鄭如珊. "A Discourse of Power / Authority in the Theatre: Centered on the Activities of Xing Guang Ju Tuan and its Branches." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25532905266235911467.

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碩士 國立臺北藝術大學 戲劇學系碩士班 94 Based on the concept of Benedict Anderson''s `Imagined Communities,’this thesis tries to conjecture the possibility of ` "Power" Communities．’By getting through Cheng Wei Man''s life, the thesis is to deduce the characters of the Power/Authority in the theater. Cheng founded the Xing Guang Ju Tuan as to be the blueprint of Taiwan theater. He led the Youths of Ta Tao Cheng into the theater. In addition, he built the Utopia due to his belief of Anarchism. This thesis attempts to categorize these Youths as `the Intellectuals of Theater,’and observes that their behaviors with the indefatigable energies and the exiled psychologies is the chance， for their fatality to be imprisoned, to complete their own ideologies． In order to define the“‘Power”Communities’and to compare the differences among the Mn Ju (New Play) festivals，this thesis also pays attention to the series of the activities that Xing Guang Ju Tuan joined in and concerns with the spirit of its branches. Based on Foucault''s and Said''s concepts of `Power,’this thesis is to disclose that the power function hides in the society with the particular qualities of Space, Production and Body. As a result, we can imagine what the representation of Power is. Finally, we can make sure that all actions of the intellectuals were resulted from the crisis of lacking identification. The intellectuals in the Japanese governance transferred their activities from politics to art．By means of“‘Power” Communities''，we can discover that what they longed for is the `contrapuntal identification'' instead of the `single identification.’Nevertheless, all the people still yearn for the `multiplicate identify'' up to now.

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Peng, Ming-Kuang, and 彭明光. "Research on the satisfaction of working experience and promotion opportunity in Taiwan Power Company- A case study on local business branches." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5753df.

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碩士 朝陽科技大學 企業管理系高階產業經營碩士在職專班 102 Abstract An employee attitude survey conducted by Taiwan Power Company in 1996 shows that the degree of job satisfaction of its employees on personnel promotion is only 43.1%. In recent years, due to the price rise of public electricity, the power generation cost cannot be fully covered, resulting in severe operating losses. Together with its malpractice and inefficient service, there are growing calls for reform in the country. In short, promotion motivates employees at work and affects their attitudes, and ultimately determines human resource management effectiveness. Taiwan Power Company has been criticized for a long time for its promotion & selection progress outlines in each district office. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the job satisfaction with respect to Taiwan Power Company’s promotion system as well as the promotion equality. In this study, 250 questionnaires were sent to junior staff in the Central District in May 2014. 74 were received, including 11 invalid questionnaires and 63 valid questionnaires. The results show that the staff barely understands the complicated promotion system, they demand the highlight on professions in the classification of selection, they mistrust supervisors’ recommendation and evaluation and they also demands a transparent, simplified and fair promotion & selection process. Based on this, the study recommends: 1. Simplified and revised promotion & selection progress, as well as reliably performed advocacy description which helps the employees understand the regulations and standards, in order to eliminate shady deals, false rumors about unfairness, and to recover the working morale. 2. Effort of the leadership to eliminate any factors that may undermine the fairness to enhance human resource management effectiveness, as promotion fairness is positively related to job satisfaction. Keywords: promotion & selection, promotion fairness, job satisfaction, job involvement, turnover intention

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Peng, Mei-Chu, and 彭美珠. "The Impact of Employees' Personality and Motivation on their Customer-Oriented Perception - A Case Study of Taiwan Power Company’s Branches." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93090218931364696482.

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碩士 世新大學 行政管理學研究所(含博、碩專班) 101 A company’s employees are the driving force and the key for its sustainable growth. The determination of the manager in the case company with regard to being customer oriented inspires the author to do some research and further explore the behavior of the employees in the branches. What kind of personality trait in employees will make customer experience better service? Among employees with different background variables, is there a difference in their customer-oriented perception? Is there a correlation and impact between different personality traits, work motivation and customer-oriented perception? All these have aroused the curiosity of the author. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of the employees’ personality trait and work motivation on their customer-oriented perception and analyze the distribution of samples in the background information, the difference of different individual background variables on personality trait, work motivation and customer-oriented perception. Furthermore, it explores the correlation and impact between personality trait, work motivation and customer-oriented perception. This study uses methods of literature analysis and questionnaire survey, with the employees in 21 branches as the research subjects. It sends out 465 questionnaires and gets 465 valid copies in total. After empirical analysis, the results of this study are concluded as follows: 1.For individual property, the “supervisor group” is higher than “non-supervisor group” in terms of having an open-minded, self-discipline and good personality trait inclination; the “20 to 30 age group” is higher than the “41 to 50 age group”, “51 to 60 age group” and “above 61 age group” in terms of external work motivation inclination; the “31 to 40 age group” is higher than the “51 to 60 age group” in external work motivation inclination; the “master group” is higher than the “high school or below high school group” and “university group” in inherent work motivation inclination, the “single group” is higher than the “married group” in external work motivation inclination; the “business group”, “electricity bill group”, “maintenance group” and “work group” is higher than the “dispatched group” in employee perceived information correctness inclination. 2.The open-minded, self-discipline, extrovert and good personality of employees in the branches have significant and positive correlation with customer-oriented perception; while neurotic personality has significant and negative correlation with customer-oriented perception; the inherent and external work motivation of the employees have significant and positive correlation with customer-oriented perception. 3. Personality trait has considerable predictive power on the performance of customer orientation which is 15%; good personality can mainly predict the performance of customer orientation which has reached 33%. The work motivation of the sample has impact on its customer-oriented perception; its positive predictive power on customer orientation performance is 4% on inherent work motivation. 4. The following suggestions are proposed by this study:(1). implement a customer-oriented enterprise culture: transfer downward and authorize front line workers to practice customer orientation; (2). make good use of evaluation tools like selection: add evaluation tools like selection in future human resource selection plan for reference in selection and making decisions; (3). strengthen the potential of human resource management: balance high inherent work motivation and high external motivation.

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WANG, XIAO-ZHU, and 王筱筑. "Enhanced Salinity Gradient Power with Branched Alumina Nanochannels." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3yj4j3.

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Hu, Yau-Chong, and 胡耀中. "Low Power Branch Target Buffer." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73207446248390639056.

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碩士 國立交通大學 資訊工程系所 93 This research reduces power consumption of branch target buffer (BTB) --- a commonly used dynamic branch prediction component. Conventional BTB is looked up while instruction fetcher is fetching an instruction. The result returned from BTB tells instruction fetcher the address of the next instruction. Since branch instructions occupy a small portion of total executed instructions, most BTB look-up operations are only waste power. We can reduce its power consumption by reducing useless BTB look-up counts. By recording the positions of branch instructions during run time, we can determine what time should instruction fetcher perform BTB look-up operation. This design is evaluated by two metrics: energy consumption and performance loss. The experimental result shows this design effectively saves energy consumption with only a little performance loss.

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Chiao, Wei-Hau, and 喬偉豪. "Low-Power Branch Target Buffer." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05837896073103115941.

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博士 國立交通大學 資訊科學與工程研究所 96 This thesis addresses on low-power branch target buffer design. Through recording the number of non-branch instructions between a branch instruction and its subsequent instruction on execution path. The unnecessary BTB lookups are reduced. Through block address based indexing and entry buffering, the BTB access energy is also reduced. In order to reduce BTB leakage power, a decay-based power manager is applied and an entry pre-activation technique that makes the decay-based power manager being more efficient is developed. On the other hand, we also address on the storage cost reduction techniques for BTB. Through sharing the tag memory of instruction cache to BTB, the BTB entry length is shortened. Moreover, through generating the branch target address early, the number of BTB entries can be reduced. These two techniques not only reduce the BTB storage, but also reduce both BTB dynamic and leakage power significantly. Finally, we integrate the above techniques to further reduce BTB power consumption with tolerable performance degradation.

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Su, Chien-Chang, and 蘇建彰. "Low-power Branch Target Buffer Scheme by using Taken Branch Trace." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79847393523536196628.

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碩士 大同大學 資訊工程學系(所) 96 In this thesis, we proposed a new branch prediction scheme called Taken Branch Prediction (TBP) to replace traditional architecture. The major mechanism of TBP is that the traditional Branch Target Buffer (BTB) is replaced by a new table called Taken Branch Target Buffer (TBTB). The traditional BTB is lookuped every fetch cycle, but the TBTB is only lookuped when there is instruction seems likely to be a taken branch. As the instruction is likely to be a normal instruction, the TBP is not active. By dynamically profiling the taken branch trace during program execution, our new scheme will almost achieve the goal of one BTB lookup per taken branch. We use Wattch and SPEC CPU2000 integer and floating-point benchmarks to evaluate the power and performance of this architecture. The simulation tool is the SimpleScalar which is cycle-accurate with cycle-by-cycle. The experimental results show that our scheme can reduce the branch prediction energy consumption by 39.86% and 52.54% for integer and floating-point benchmarks respectively with only 0.66% performance loss in average for SPEC CPU2000.

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Lin, Chia-Wei, and 林家維. "The Study of Multi-branch Optical Power Splitter." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65591163462710174140.

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碩士 國立宜蘭大學 電子工程學系碩士班 98 In this thesis, we study various branch waveguides, including the two branch, three branch and four branch optical dividers. For the two-branch optical dividers, two kinds of dividers are studied. In the first structure, we use the expanders in the abrupt bend to avoid the radiation loss. In the second structure, we proposed separated waveguide. The Y branch with tapered branches and a spacing area in the center region can transform the optical field into proper mode to increase the transmitted efficiency. For the-three branch dividers, the center output branch power can be reduced by narrowing center waveguide width, but the losses are too much at large angles. Thus, we propose three branch beam separator and beam expanders structure. The rectangle beam separator structure can reduce fabrication error in the center spacing area and increase power into the outer branches. For the four-branch, we proposed four types. Type one, the four branch bend waveguide of equal power can be easily obtained by adjusting the branch angle. Type two, we use beam separator in center region. Type three, the structure is the conventional Y-branch waveguide by connecting two outside branch in inner branch. Finally, we propose four-branch low-index microlens structure. The low-index microlens can increase power into the outer branches in center area. By simply varying the V-shape size, index and triangular shaped area, the power dividing ratio between inside branch and outside branch can be adjusted.

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Kuo, Shu-Ming, and 郭書銘. "Study and Analysis of Low-Power Branch Predictors." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58346313614619703275.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 資訊工程學系 98 With the ever increasing needs of low power architecture and circuit design in recent years, how to reduce the power consumption of processors without sacrificing performance has become an important issue. In this thesis, we analyze and empirically study the low power branch prediction schemes for modern processors. Based on SimpleScalar /Wattch simulators and SPEC2000 benchmarks, we study and compare the performance, critical path delay, hardware cost and power consumption for filtering schemes using Sentry table Filter (S-Table), Prediction Probe Detector (PPD) and Next Branch Distance Filter (NBD) as well as the Complementary Branch Prediction (CBP) method. Based on the above study and analysis, we propose a new method: Hedging Filter. The method combines filtering scheme reducing dynamic power consumption with hedging prediction mechanism lowering static power dissipation. From our preliminary evaluation, presuming equivalent or superior performance with respect to traditional counterparts, Hedging Filter reduces branch prediction hardware cost by up to 71% and power saving by up to 79% respectively.

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Wang, Chien-wei, and 王建偉. "Studying of Unequal Power Broadband Branch-line Coupler." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54351673511049471734.

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碩士 逢甲大學 資訊電機工程碩士在職專班 99 The application of Branch-line Coupler in the microwave communication field is broad; also as it comes with distribution and combination of power in function, as well as the unique characteristics of phase variation, it is an inevitable element. However, the disadvantage of the traditional Branch-line Coupler is its narrower working band and more area covered by the circuit. In reviewing the references, most are focused on the traditional Branch-line Coupler as well as trying to widen the band with various methods possible. The results as obtained were found to have over-sized circuit area or deteriorated the flatness of output power and phase variation for the purpose of obtaining wider band. Others are the studies concerning unequal power of power distribution that had turned out rather good achievement. However, it is rare to find the study of two functions in combining the characteristics of bandwidth and unequal power distribution, as well as with high flatness of power output and phase variation in working band. In recent years, the basic concern for the passive circuit in consideration is to minimize the area, reduce the circuit production cost and with better bandwidth. Therefore, in this paper, we try to study a unequal power branch-line couplers with broad band characteristics, and power outputs and phase difference with high flatness characteristics, it need to line with the power output ratio, and 90°± 1° with phase difference. The study will produce unequal power branch-line couplers with low cost, using FR4 board, these couplers can be implemented without additional lumped elements and bonding wires. They will be widely used in microwave communication Circuit systems.

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Shun-Ying, Wang. "Performance/Power Characterization of Branch Prediction for Multimedia Applications." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0702200717432200.

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Wang, Shun-Ying, and 王順英. "Performance/Power Characterization of Branch Prediction for Multimedia Applications." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77481749391988469553.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 資訊工程學研究所 95 Modern embedded processors employ dynamic branch prediction to reduce performance penalty caused by branch instructions. Existing branch predictor designs are all based on the behavior of applications on a GPP (general purpose processor). However, for an embedded system, such as smart phone, multimedia applications are the main workload. Therefore, in this thesis, we performed detailed performance/power characterization of multimedia applications and implemented several famous power-aware prediction techniques. We believe that identifying important characteristics of different branch predictor design of multimedia applications is important for choosing an adequate branch predictor for embedded processors.

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Su, Geng Li, and 蘇耿立. "Branch-line directional coupler technique for VSAT power amplifier." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14612958343249546615.

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Jung, Jae Sung. "Branch current state estimation method for power distribution systems." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04202009-135716/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Ku, Chien Chun, and 辜建竣. "Arbitrary Output Power Ratio One Section Branch Line Design." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ympumh.

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碩士 國立勤益科技大學 電子工程系 105 In this paper, an arbitrary output power ratio one section branch line coupler is proposed. Based on two symmetry planes and the circuit analysis, using Mathematica software as the formula to derive the auxiliary program, the scattering parameters of the structure are deduced. By giving some physical parameters we have deduced the equal electrical length of any output power ratio branch line coupler, fixed electrical length of any output power ratio branch line coupler, equal transmission line impedance value of any output ratio branch line coupler, and fixed transmission line impedance value of any output ratio branch line coupler. All circuits were simulated by the EM simulation softwares, the output power ratio at working frequency can be applied to any ratio of the output power of the demand, the fabricted circuits were measured by the vector network analyzer, and the simulated and measured results are in good agreement at working frequency. The circuit design can be applied to different center frequency, easy to fabricate, and has significantly cost reduction in circuit fabrication.

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Chiang, Chao-yuan, and 姜朝原. "Data Mining to Distribution Power System--Taiwan Power Company Chia-Yi Branch As an Example." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36908236443164658667.

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碩士 南華大學 資訊管理學研究所 94 When an outage ocuurs in the distribution power system,not only causing the damage of the equipment but also increasing the losses of the expenditure of safeguarding the cost and electric rate income.In order to improve user''s satisfaction which is applying for steady power quality、increasing supply power reliability and reducing distribution line mainteinace cost,That is to decrease the frequency of an outage occurs.So,It is very important subjects that fully understood the speciality of the feeder and its cause of accident happens to an outage in distribution power system is related.Finally,Find out the reason that really causes an outage and to do various kinds of precautionary measures well in advanced.In accordance with an outage to high accident feeder draft improve tactics policy management in focus. 　　　The research approach department adopted in this research uses enterprise''s managerial hot 「Data Mining」technology and managerial commonly used statistics analytical method at present.From the case - Database of the record that the distribution an outage occurs in Taiwan Power Company Chia-Yi Branch,via Data Mining and general statistical analysis to find out the potential speciality of the feeder that the high an outage occurs. Data Mining and general statistics analysis result are as follows： 1.「the first feeder 」On the over head low-voltage line when it is a sunny day,the damage position of the fuse cut switch is as the core which cause of accident is bad for quality and lose electrical power at total time is 61~120 minutes. 2.「the second feeder」On the over head high-voltage branch line when it is a rainy day,the equipment has not been damaged which is struck by lightning and lose electrical power at total time is 61~120 minutes. 3.「the third feeder」On the over head high-voltage branch line when it is a rainy day,the equipment has not been damaged which is struck by lightning and lose electrical power at total time is 61~120 minutes. 　　　After Mata Mining technology and general statistical analysis are verified that the result shows both agree with each other and can find out real reason why an outage occurs.When an outage occurs to the specific feeder in this research puts forward relevant strick precaution countermeasure and suggestion finally.Expect to be able to offer the result to the systematic attenbant of the distribution to draft the maintenance plan, high-order administrator draft an outage occurs and takes precautions against the considering in light of actual conditions of the countermeasure.

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Li, Wen-Shiuan, and 李文選. "The Research of Taiwan Power CompanyKinmen Branch''s Service Quality." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56gdpr.

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碩士 銘傳大學 公共事務學系在職專班 92 Subject of this study is on the customers’ satisfaction of Taiwan Power Company (TPC)’s service quality in Kinmen Area. It is conducted with questionnaire. The main structure and assessment are based on the PZB conceptual mode of service quality and SERVQUAL evaluation form. Seven structural frames and thirty-five attributive items were utilized to investigate the differences of: (1) the service standards between the consumers’ perceptions and expectations of service quality (Gap 5 of PZB model); (2) TPC management’s recognition and consumers expectation to the standards of service quality (Gap 1 of PZB model); and (3) the analyses on the satisfaction based on variant population. It is found that: (1) There are significant differences between the TPC service quality recognized by the customers (satisfaction) and expected by the customers (expectation). The latter (expectation) is obviously lower than the former (satisfaction). Among the seven structural frames, the ‘Empathy aspect’ is lest respected by the customers, while the ‘Responsiveness aspect’ and ‘Product aspect’ are scaled as lest satisfactory by customers. As to the thirty-five attributive items, ‘power supply provided on time as applied’, ‘convenience in payment’, ‘the power off for TPC works can be regained as notified’, and ‘efficient repair for power supply’ are items considered by the customers to be comparatively important while dissatisfactory. (2) There are significant differences between the customers’ expectation and TPC management’s recognition on the service quality expected by the customers. It is unexpected that the latter is higher than the former. (3) On variances of population, there are no significant differences between the different situations or different ways of application, on the satisfaction of TPC’s service quality either in structural or attributive aspects. (4) On variances of population, there are significant differences to the service quality of TPC (satisfaction) from contractors practiced in different practice periods.

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Tsao, Kuan-Liang, and 曹冠亮. "X-Band Balanced Power Amplifier Using Novel Branch-line Coupler." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51439111231700745269.

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碩士 國立交通大學 電信工程研究所 86 In this report, we present an X-band balanced power amplifier using a novel microstrip line" DC Blocking Impedance- Transforming Branch-line Coupler(DCITBC)"for mobile satellite communication. Because this novel coupler has the function of dc blocking, which can easily cascade two stage of active circuit together, we can cut down the cost and reduce the circuit size. Therefore, it is suitable for MMIC applications. The X-band power amplifier has three stages. The first stage is a HEMT and the second and the third stages are GaAs MESFET amplifiers. The single-ended power amplifier operated at Class AB for high power-added efficiency with about saturation power 22dBm. In order to obtain high power and high efficiency, we designed balanced amplifier using novel DCITBC. The overall circuit of balanced power amplifier has acheived 9dB gain, 26dBm output power, and near 50% power-added efficiency over the 9.8-10.2GHzband. In addition, the level of second harmonic is less than -40dBc without extra harmonic rejetor.

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Tang, Fu-Fu, and 湯富福. "Design and Simulation of the Y-Branch Optical Power Splitter." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04438702795668417823.

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碩士 國立雲林科技大學 電子與資訊工程研究所碩士班 92 In this study, the optical power splitters of Y-branch waveguide type and angled、taper and S-bend were designated to have low insertion loss and good uniformities. In order to get an excellent structure, the design considerations were based on the Bellcore GR- 1209- core generic requirements for the fiber branching components. The optical fields at the output of the branches exhibit insertion loss must lower than 4.0 dB for the 1 × 2 optical power splitter. And the uniformities must lower than 0.7 dB for the 1 × 2 optical power splitter. In this work, we will discuss the influence of waveguide width ( W ), reflective index difference (Δn), coupling gap (g), and the separation between the leading edges of the Y-branch (d). On the other hand, the effects of TE and Tm polarization will be examined. The structures we designed are conforming to the Bellcore GR- 1209- core generic requirements for the fiber branching components. For the structure, W is 6μm, Δn is 0.2％, g is 1μm, d is 1μm and the θ is 1.8 degree had the lowest insertion loss was 3.1967 dB, and in the structure, d is 3μm, Δn is 0.2％, θ is 1.85 degree had the lowest insertion loss was 3.4202dB. And the best uniformity could be closed to 0 dB at the above optical power splitter.

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