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Okafor, Aloy, and Olusoji George. "Theorising the Concept of Product Branding: A Qualitative Approach to the History of Branding; the Case of the Nigerian Milk Industry." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n2p84.
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<p>Product Branding is the process of inculcating unique values to a product in order to differentiate it from competing products. Components that differentiate products include: Name, Logo, Intellect, Culture and Values. This paper examines some western theorised Product Branding components and presents the understanding of these components from a Nigerian perspective. Social theory was used for the review of literature on Product Branding components, and in exploring the components’ systemic relationships that promised values to stakeholders. Content Analysis was employed in examining the theories of Branding and the extent to which it could be applied in the Nigerian Milk industry. This study reveals that a brand’s success largely depends on the extent of artistic selection of Product Branding components and the extent to which those components’ interaction produces values for stakeholders. The study concludes that Brand Name, Brand Logo, Brand Intellect, and Brand Culture are components that exude values to milk brands in Nigeria.</p>
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Lee, Sangwon. "When does the developing country brand name alleviate the brand origin effect? Interplay of brand name and brand origin." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-10-2018-0543.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how developing country brand name and brand origin affect the customer’s evaluation of the brand in radically new high-tech products. Using processing fluency as a theoretical underpinning, this study can answer the following questions: first, does foreign brand name (developed vs developing Asian brand name) affect the customer’s attitude toward the brand? Second, does the brand origin (developed vs developing country) moderate the effect of foreign brand name on attitude toward the brand? Third, does the individual difference (knowledge and technological sophistication) matter in determining the brand origin and fit effect on willingness to buy? Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 between subject experiment was conducted in which two factors were manipulated: foreign brand name (developed: Japan vs developing: China) and brand origin (developed: Japan vs developing: China). Findings The fit between brand origin and brand name leads to better evaluation of the brand than no fit. On the other hand, for developing country brand origin (e.g. China), the brand naming effect is mitigated by enhanced processing fluency caused by fit, which leads to better evaluation of developing country brand. Fit effect is more pronounced for more knowledgeable consumers. Technologically more sophisticated consumers are more willing to buy the developing country brand origin than technologically less sophisticated consumers due to the processing fluency effect. Originality/value This paper introduces the two dimensions of foreign brand name (developed vs developing) and examines the interaction with the brand origin. This research fills the gap of under-researched area in brand naming literature, which is the effect of developing country brand naming on attitude toward the brand of radically new high-tech products. This research extends the previous literature by applying linguistic mechanism, processing fluency to examine the Asian brand naming including emerging market. This research makes an important theoretical contribution by identifying an underlying individual-level construct, “knowledge” and “technological sophistication,” which explains and influences the effects of brand name and brand origin on willingness to buy the brand.
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Smith, Karen. "By any other name." Languages in Contrast 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2006): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.6.1.03smi.
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The brand name is one of the most important devices for marketing a product. Western companies spend vast sums of money devising brand names that convey the positive characteristics of products marketed on the strength of their image. Many of the brand names patented are complex linguistic units, using aspects of phonology, orthography, morphology, syntax and semantics to make names memorable. These names use language to impact on readers and therefore have transferable meanings. This article analyses the linguistic devices in a corpus of English language adverts and investigates which translation strategies are employed when the adverts are transferred into Russian. It argues that the transfer process is more complex than previous literature has suggested and that although the original meaning is often not maintained after transfer, brand names in the target adverts carry new connotations which are appealing due to the target audience’s expectations.
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Sloan, David R., Damon Aiken, and Alan C. Mikkelson. "Places in names: an investigation of regional geographic brand congruency." Journal of Product & Brand Management 27, no. 7 (November 19, 2018): 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-11-2017-1656.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of regional geographic brand congruency (GBC) on brand trust, brand parity, perceived value, brand honesty and purchase intentions. Design/methodology/approach The research uses an experimental method in two studies to test hypotheses derived from the literature. Findings This research conceptualizes GBC as the relationship between products/services and geographic regions that are authentic, credible and fitting. Results from the two studies support the hypothesis that brands with regional GBC have higher levels of consumer evaluation compared to brands with geographic incongruence or with no geographic reference at all. Research limitations/implications This research offers insight into the decision to name a brand. If one is going to associate a product with a regional geographic location, it is more effective to use a location that is fitting as it applies to that product; otherwise, it would be best to avoid a geographic association in a brand name. Originality/value The exploration of regional geographic brand congruency in relation to outcomes of brand trust, brand parity, perceived value, purchase intentions and honesty offers new insights into the nature and role of place images.
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Morais, Dominic G. "Branding Iron: Eugen Sandow’s “Modern” Marketing Strategies, 1887-1925." Journal of Sport History 40, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.2.193.
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Abstract Eugen Sandow was a professional strongman who started his theatrical career in 1887. Upon his retirement in 1903, the Sandow name was known internationally as a synonym for strength, health, and bodily perfection. Sandow used this popularity to market a number of different products including books, a magazine, health clubs, exercise equipment, and miscellaneous health products. Although literature on Sandow documents his cultural influences and continues to grow, none specifically or comprehensively address the business and marketing aspects of his career. This paper attempts to fill that void. It argues that Sandow utilized a three-pronged strategy in order to establish his personal brand. Furthermore, it examines the way Sandow leveraged his brand in order to market his name and other products worldwide. Finally, the paper is a starting point for others to examine ways other popular physical culturists like Bob Hoffman, the Weiders, and Arnold Schwarzenegger marketed their brands.
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Kevin, Kevin, and Sinta Paramita. "Komunikasi Pemasaran Terhadap Brand Awareness Brand Rockickz." Prologia 4, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/pr.v4i1.6456.
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Marketing communication is a means by which companies try to inform, persuade, and remind consumers directly or indirectly about the products and brands that are sold. Marketing communication theory covers several marketing communication mixes consisting of advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, personal selling, interactive marketing, public relations. The purpose of the marketing communication mix is to create brand awareness. This brand awareness is the ability of consumers to recognize or remember a brand, including the name, logo and also certain slogans that have been used by the brand in promoting products. During marketing communications, Rockickz carries out strategies to create brand awareness. Rockickz's strategy is in the marketing communication mix. This research methodology uses qualitative, with the case study method. Data collection is done by interview, observation and literature study. Komunikasi pemasaran (marketing communication) adalah sarana dimana perusahaan berusaha menginformasikan, membujuk, dan mengingatkan konsumen secara langsung maupun tidak langsung tentang produk dan merek yang dijual. Teori komunikasi pemasaran mencangkup beberapa bauran komunikasi pemasaran terdiri dari periklanan, pemasaran langsung, promosi penjualan, penjualan personal, pemasaran interaktif, hubungan masyarakat.Tujuan dari bauran komunikasi pemasaran tersebut adalah untuk menciptakan brand awareness. Brand awareness ini merupakan kemampuan konsumen dalam mengenali atau mengingat sebuah merek, termasuk nama, logo dan juga slogan – slogan tertentu yang pernah digunakan oleh brand tersebut dalam mempromosikan produk – produk. Pada saat melakukan komunikasi pemasaran, Rockickz melakukan strategi – strategi untuk menciptakan brand awareness. Strategi yang dilakukan Rockickz terdapat dalam bauran komunikasi pemasaran. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif, dengan metode studi kasus.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi kepustakaan.
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Akkucuk, Ulas, and Javed Esmaeili. "The Impact of Brands on Consumer Buying Behavior." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 5, no. 4 (July 20, 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v5i4.551.
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The aim of this research is to understand the factors behind smartphone purchase decisions of consumers. Nowadays companies make use of various strategies in order to attract new customers, retain existing customers and differentiate their products from those of their competitors. Perhaps, the most important and effective strategy to influence consumer behavior in the product selection is emphasizing the “brand name” of the products. Our aim in this paper is to investigate how smartphone brands can influence consumers’ buying decisions. Brand equity is a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand name and symbol, which add to or subtract from the value provided by a product or service. It enhances the customer’s ability to interpret and process information, improves confidence in the purchase decision and affects the quality of the user experience. Using this construct widely discussed in the literature, we use and build our hypothesis based on Aaker model about the brand equity, including perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty. The study involved a questionnaire administered to 171 smartphone consumers between December 2015 and March 2016. The consumers were chosen by convenience sampling among the students from a prestigious university in the Istanbul district of Turkey. Our findings indicate that a majority of the smartphone buyers’ decisions are mainly influenced by brand loyalty and brand awareness. Perceived quality and brand association do not seem to influence purchase decisions for the sample of this study.
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Yıldız, Yavuz, and Alper Kinden. "INVESTIGATION OF CONSUMER ATTITUDES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSUMER BASED BRAND EQUITY ON TRACKSUIT BRANDS." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 105 (2017): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i105.27.
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Background. Brand equity has a positive impact on consumers’ selection of products and services, their perception, purchasing intentions, their willingness to pay more for brands. Brand equity is designed to reflect the real value from the perspective of consumer that a brand name holds for the products and services. Measuring brand equity is important because brands are believed to be strong influencers of business outcomes, such as sales and market share. The aim of this study was to describe the brand equity of tracksuits and investigate the purchasing behaviours of the tracksuit consumers. Methods. The research sample consisted of 250 athletes who were selected via random sampling method. “Consumer-Based Brand Equity Scale”, developed by Vazquez, del Rio, and Iglesias (2002), was implemented in order to measure consumer-based brand equity with regard to tracksuit brands. Results. Results of the study showed that the consumer based brand equity did not differ by gender, age, tracksuit usage purpose, tracksuit buying timing. However, it was found that the consumer based brand equity was significantly different in the number of tracksuits owned and the amount of payment. Conclusion. High brand equity brings the willingness to pay more for that brand. Consequently, it can be suggested that high level of consumer based brand equity enhances the amount of purchases and willingness to pay more. Although there are many studies on the brand equity in sports, such as shoes and teams, we have found no research on tracksuits. This research focuses on tracksuits’ brand equity. The results of this research contribute to sports marketing literature.
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Janakiraman, Ramkumar, Catarina Sismeiro, and Shantanu Dutta. "Perception Spillovers across Competing Brands: A Disaggregate Model of how and When." Journal of Marketing Research 46, no. 4 (August 2009): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.46.4.467.
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Drawing on the accessibility–diagnosticity framework and previous literature on branding and order of entry, the authors hypothesize that perception spillovers can also occur across directly competing products that do not share a common brand name. The authors suggest two mechanisms (prior perception spillover and dynamic perception spillover) and one moderating variable (product/brand similarity). To test for spillovers across competing brands, the authors develop a structural Bayesian learning model and estimate it using prescription choice and marketing communication data from a panel of physicians. From their model results, the authors find evidence of prior and dynamic perception spillovers across competing brands only when brands are sufficiently similar. In contrast, they find no evidence of spillover effects across brands that are highly dissimilar. Finally, several policy experiments illustrate the strength and significance of competitive spillovers for product diffusion, and from the results, the authors derive strategic implications for order-of-entry effects and the entry of “me-too” products.
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Rizky Vita Losi, Ahmad Fadlan, and Putri Selviani. "Foreign Branding and Its Effect on Brand Perception: an Overview to Local Entrepreneurs." Neo Journal of economy and social humanities 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56403/nejesh.v2i1.88.
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Foreign branding is a branding strategy by giving a brand name using spelling or pronunciation in a certain foreign language, with the main target of influencing the dimensions of brand image, and influencing perceived quality, as well consumer attitudes towards products. The purpose of this research is to explain foreign branding and its effect on brand perception. A literature review from various sources related to foreign branding strategy was conducted as part of the research. According to the research findings, brand image, purchase decision, and brand admiration are the effects of foreign branding. Consumers tend to prefer foreign-sound products because it creates brand image as international products which have best quality. So it effects on how people decide to but the foreign products and people also admire foreign-sound products too much especially in young generation. Local entrepreneurs should learn a lot about foreign branding to compete and upgrade the level of their products and sales.
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Sebri, Mouna, and Georges Zaccour. "Estimating umbrella-branding spillovers: a retailer perspective." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2017): 1695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2016-0074.
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Purpose The starting conjecture is that the market share of a brand in one category benefits from its performance in another category, and vice versa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the umbrella-branding spillovers by investigating the presence of synergy effect between categories when a retailer and/or a manufacturer decide to adopt/use the same name for his products. In fact, besides the cross-category dependency due to substitutability or complementarity, products can also be linked through their brand name in presence of an umbrella-branding strategy. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an extended market-share model to account for the spillover effect at the brand level. The spillover is modeled to be generated by the brand's performance and not specific to marketing instruments, as done in the literature. They adopt a multiplicative competitive interaction (MCI) form for the attraction function. Based on aggregated data of two complementary oral-hygiene categories, the authors estimate the umbrella-branding spillover parameters using the iterate three-stage least squares (I3SLS) method. They contrast the results in three scenarios: no spillover, brand-constant spillover and brand-specific spillover. Findings The ensuing results indicate that umbrella-branding spillover is (i) significant and positive, i.e. the brand performance is boosted by its performance in a related category, through the so-called brand-attraction multiplier; (ii) asymmetric, i.e. the spillover is not equal in both directions; and associated to the market strength of each competing brand; (iii) variable across brands. The results show that not accounting for umbrella-branding spillover leads to misestimating the parameters and has a considerable impact on price-elasticities computation. Research limitations/implications Because store brands and some national brands exist in many categories, and thus because consumers make inferences when they face a large number of brands in different categories, spillover effects cannot be labelled as simply complementary or substitution-related. Future research may provide insight about the spillover phenomenon in a more general framework that would consider the spillover occurring between more than two categories. Practical implications Providing accurate assessment for umbrella-branding spillovers governing the competing brands, the results offer a relevant and straightforward method for decision makers to precisely assess the impact of a marketing effort in one category on the retailer's global performance. The findings provide better forecasts of market response in terms of sales and profit, within a cross-category perspective. Originality/value This study develops and estimates a market-share model with the aim of measuring brand-category spillover effects. The literature dealt with cross-category interactions in terms of substitutability or complementarity between the products offered in the two or more categories under investigation. Here, the focal point (and contribution) of the authors is the link at the brand level. Indeed, the authors only require that a minimum of one brand is offered in at least two of the categories of interest. Further, the spillover considered is not specific to marketing instruments, but is generated by the brand performance (attraction or market share), which is the result of both the firms marketing-mix choice and competitors marketing policies.
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Ekawardhani, Y. A., and Holif Maulia. "Adolescents' Knowledge and Perception of Traditional Food Products Typical of Banten Gipang PD Laila." Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities 6 (March 31, 2023): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v4i.445.
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This study's aim was to find out how much adolescents in Banten Province knew about the brand of traditional snack gipang PD Laila and how they viewed the visual presentation of its goods. This study employed a descriptive methodology that included observation, personal conversation, and literature review. Gipang as traditional snack are thought to be impacted by modern trends relating to the creation of new companies and different sorts of snacks. According to the outcomes of direct discussion with the owner, PD Laila's gipang items are among those that conflict with these conditions. Teenagers were also given an online survey to complete about the traditional snack gipang, the product brand, and the packaging. The findings indicated that although most youths in Banten Province were familiar with the traditional gipang snack, they were unable to name the brand of gipang as traditional snack. The majority of respondents do not know the brand name of PD Laila's gipang traditional snack and have a negative opinion of the product packaging, which influences their decision to buy traditional cuisine. The marketing of PD Laila's gipang items needs to be updated because they are thought to not have an appealing presentation or appearance. The study's findings suggest that in order for PD Laila's gipang traditional snack products to be recognizable and draw in young people, package improvements and product advertising media are required.
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Jindal, Meenakshi, Priya Choudhary, and Rajeev K. Sharma. "Analysis of drug promotional literature and its abidance to WHO guidelines." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 11 (October 22, 2019): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194792.
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Background: Drug promotional literature (DPL) is used by the pharmaceutical companies for promotion of their drug. It is the commonest source for providing information about the drug to the physician. According to WHO promotional literature should be reliable, truthful, informative, balanced and up to date.Methods: Study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College. 200 drug promotional literatures like advertisements published in medical journal, package insert of medicinal products and brochures were collected and analysed according to WHO criteria.Results: Total 200 promotional literatures were analysed. 100 promotional literatures were from the medical journal, 50 were package inserts of medicinal products and 50 were medicinal brochures. On assessing DPL using WHO criteria, all DPL mentioned brand names and dosage form (100%). Most of them published the generic name (98.5%), therapeutic uses (78%), side- effects (75%), dosage regimen (70%), contraindication (62.5%), warnings (55%), drug interaction (54%), precaution (50%), reference to scientific literature (45%), name of manufacture and distributor (99%), address of manufacturer and distributor (50%). Out of 200 DPL only 151 DPL contain references to scientific literature, 88 DPL references were retrievable and 63 were non retrievable.Conclusions: Our study shows although pharmaceutical companies are trying to adhere to the WHO criteria it is not fulfilled. As DPL are an important source of seeking information by the medical practitioner who rely on them to impart treatment to the patient, strict steps to regulate fulfilment of the WHO criteria should be taken by the government and authorities.
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Eyada, Bassant, and Asli Cazorla Milla. "Comparative Advertising: Proposed Guidelines for Middle Marketers." International Journal of Marketing Studies 12, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v12n2p23.
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This article presents a review of comparative advertising from a theoretical perspective and uses a combination of literature review and content analysis as a research methodology. The main objective of the article is to propose a legislative framework for marketers in the Middle East for using comparative advertising. Advertising plays a significant role in promoting and marketing products and brands. Comparative advertising affects consumer behaviour, decision making and consumerism following the ethical standards of advertising which control the form of competition between products which affects the brand image and the relation between consumers and the products. While competition between brands becomes hostile in some cases, the purpose of competitive or comparative advertising is to compare the entity of a product to the entity of its competitor on the basis of one or more product characteristics, as part of an advertising campaign. Known to have two different types: direct and indirect, where the name of the competitor is specifically mentioned, and superiority is established over them within the direct form, as for the indirect the product places superiority over its competitors without explicitly mentioning the name, which is widely seen in the Middle East advertising campaigns. This research aims to study the ethical standards of comparative advertising, implications of direct comparative advertising on consumer behaviour through content analysis of comparative ads to set guidelines for using other product’s name or trademark in advertising within the Middle East. The lack of availability of the empirical data on comparative advertising in the Middle Easts presents both a challenge and an opportunity for academicians. The paper concludes with the notion that comparative advertising is an effective way to attract consumers, and it is recommended to be used in the Middle East with the proposed guidelines.
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XIONG, XIONG, FANGYING YUAN, MANHONG HUANG, LIXIA LU, XIAOHUI XIONG, and JING WEN. "DNA Barcoding Revealed Mislabeling and Potential Health Concerns with Roasted Fish Products Sold across China." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 7 (June 24, 2019): 1200–1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-514.
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ABSTRACTRoasted fish fillet is a popular snack food in the People's Republic of China, and the market appeal can be reflected by the high price, which exceeds 330 RMB/kg in some cases. However, the labeled fish common name generally cannot be connected with a particular species, and the processing treatments make it a challenging task to identify fish species based on morphological characteristics. This study used full DNA barcoding and mini-DNA barcoding for species identification of 202 specimens sorted from 64 roasted fish fillet products sold across China, which belonged to 32 distinct brands and claimed 16 fish common names on the label. Given the absence of a harmonization in defining these common names in China, scientific literature and the Latin-Chinese dictionary of fish names (http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/) were consulted to define at least the family for each common name, and an identified species outside the expected family was determined to be mislabeled. Results highlighted a high mislabeling rate of 75.5%. Even worse, fish species were identified as belonging to multiple families, not only from several products of the same brand under the same common name but also from several specimens sorted from the same product. Moreover, a health issue was highlighted by the identification of toxic Tetraodontidae species from one product. To protect the consumers from economic loss and even health risks, we recommended amendments to existing legislation and the compilation of a list of acceptable market names for fish species in China. Meanwhile, DNA barcoding is a powerful tool in fish forensics, and we recommended the use of this technique to assure the accurate species labeling of fish products.HIGHLIGHTS
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Bhandari, Aditi, Apurva Agrawal, Meena Atray, and Sharmistha Prasad. "An evaluation of drug promotional literature in clinical practice." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 14, no. 5 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2024.14.03101202404042024.
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Background: In current clinical practice, pharmaceutical companies use drug promotional literatures (DPLs) as a promotional tool to introduce new products entering into the market to medical practitioners. DPLs play a major role in providing important information about the drug to the health-care professionals and to convince them to prescribe the same. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate the appropriateness of DPLs as per the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for rational drug promotion and for other information such as the pictures given and the presence of self-boasting words, if any. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023 at a tertiary care teaching institute in southern Rajasthan, India. 330 DPLs, using convenient sampling, were collected in the form of hard and soft copies of flyers, leaflets, brochures, and pamphlets from various registered medical practitioners from a variety of departments and were evaluated based on the WHO guidelines. Results: A total of 330 DPLs were evaluated. Generic name was present in 98.2%, brand name in 97.9%, amount of active ingredient in 90%, name of manufacturer in 100%, and reference to scientific literature in 57.6%. About 75.5% of DPLs depicted photographs and 53% mentioned self-boasting words or phrases. Conclusion: Only few DPLs fulfilled all eleven criteria laid down by the WHO. Hence, doctors should not rely solely on promotional literature and appropriate policies must be made for vigilance of the DPLs.
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Moriuchi, Emi, and Paul R. Jackson. "Role of brand names and product types on bicultural consumers’ purchase intentions." Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2014-1190.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of brand names and product types on bicultural’s purchasing intention. In cross-cultural marketing, a current popular position among bicultural consumer advocates that brand name that has a foreign character denotes that when an unknown brand is present, and if the unknown brand is a hedonic product, then a foreign character that has a long-standing history of delivery quality products should be mandatory. Design/methodology/approach Through a multidisciplinary literature review, qualitatively supported differences in bicultural consumers from a majority-minority status are reviewed and formulated as hypotheses, and a survey is used to collect quantitative data from a stratified random sample. Findings A 2 (cultural identity vs felt ethnicity) × 2 (English brand name vs Japanese brand name) factorial experiment, which tested this contention, revealed that, although consumers are considered biculturals, they will be more inclined to perceive products to be of higher quality when the product is written in Japanese than in English. Furthermore, the result shows that felt ethnicity has a significant impact on attitude toward brand names, whereas bicultural’s cultural identity does not. However, on the other hand, cultural identity has a significant impact on the product type considered, whereas felt ethnicity does not. Research limitations/implications As a starting point for understanding the bicultural consumer from a majority-minority perspective, this study is subject to exploratory research limitations. Practical implications The result suggests that when developing ads, managers should take into account the effect of language characters has on their target audience’s ethnicity. As it is common for ads to consist of written language, colors, images and messages, managers should not just concentrate on one, rather should consider how all these factors can come together and create a favorable ad. Originality/value As the number of immigrants increase in the USA, the notion of considering what a melting pot is has reached another level. Predicted by the US census, in the year 2050, the minority population will take over the mainstream population, resulting in a majority-minority status for these minority individuals. Businesses will then have to redesign their strategy in marketing to this new market segment and not fall victim to these new challenges. They can turn around and leverage them as marketplace opportunities. This study provides some early insights that can help marketers strategically and creatively think of leverage such opportunities.
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Evans-Reeves, Karen A., Rosemary Hiscock, Kathrin Lauber, and Anna B. Gilmore. "Prospective longitudinal study of tobacco company adaptation to standardised packaging in the UK: identifying circumventions and closing loopholes." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e028506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028506.
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ObjectivesUK standardised packaging legislation was introduced alongside pack size and product descriptor restrictions of the European Union Tobacco Products Directive to end tobacco marketing and misinformation via the pack. This paper aims to assess compliance with the restrictions and identify attempts to continue to market tobacco products and perpetuate misperceptions of harm post legislation.Design, setting and interventionA prospective study of the introduction of standardised packaging of tobacco products to the UK.Participants and outcomesWe analysed commercial sales data to assess whether the legally required changes in pack branding, size and name were implemented. To explore any adaptations to products and packaging we analysed sales data, monthly pack purchases of factory-made (FM) cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, tobacco advertisements from retail trade magazines and articles on tobacco from commercial literature (retail trade, market analyst and tobacco company publications).ResultsOne month after full implementation of the UK and European Union policies, 97% FM and 98% RYO was sold in compliant packaging. Nevertheless, tobacco companies made adaptations to tobacco products which enabled continued brand differentiation after the legislation came into force. For example, flavour names previously associated with low tar were systematically changed to colour names arguably facilitating continued misperceptions about the relative harms of products. Tobacco companies used the 1-year sell-through to their advantage by communicating brand name changes and providing financial incentives for retailers to buy large volumes of branded packs. In addition, tobacco companies continued to market their products to retailers and customers by innovating exemptions to the legislation, namely, filters, packaging edges, seals, multipack outers, RYO accessories, cigars and pipe tobacco.ConclusionsTobacco companies adapted to packaging restrictions by innovating their tobacco products and marketing activities. These findings should enable policy makers globally to close loopholes and increase the potential efficacy of standardised packaging policies.
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Rocereto, Joseph F., and Joseph B. Mosca. "The Differential Roles Of Product Brand Image And Store Brand Image In Retail Loyalty: A Self-Concept Image Congruity Perspective." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i2.6788.
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The effects of self-concept congruity constructs on retail loyalty have received various attentions in the marketing literature. However, to date, few studies have simultaneously investigated the differential roles of product brand image congruity and store brand image congruity in the creation of retail loyalty between different retail store types. To address this gap, two empirical models are proposed and tested to assess the differential effects of these congruity constructs under the context of two different types of retail stores (i.e., The Gap, Macys). Results show that, for retailers who predominately carry merely their own store-brand named products (i.e., The Gap), product brand image congruity plays a central role in the creation of retail loyalty. However, for retailers that offer a wide array of manufacturer named products (i.e., Macys), findings indicate that both congruity constructs, particularly store brand image congruity, serve significant roles in the creation of retail loyalty. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
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El-Tagy, Ahmed O., and Khaled Wahba. "Value Based Differentiation in Business Relationship for Capital Products and Complex Solutions." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 7, no. 2 (April 2016): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2016040104.
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Value based concepts are widely viewed as a way that enables companies to escape the price competition. In this case benefits and values start to have a great role. The main objective of the research is to develop a conceptual framework for building relationship value in the B2B context of capital products and complex solutions in Egypt. We complemented the literature review with twelve in-depth interviews with different buying center members who are involved in the purchasing decisions of complex solutions or capital products in medium and large organizations. The relationship value drivers were categorized as benefits and cost drivers. The benefit drivers that creates value for B2B capital products are (after sales service, product quality, time to market, supplier brand name, risk reduction, salesman role, and supplier market orientation). On the other hand, the model constructed the cost drivers as (direct cost, operation cost and payment methods).
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Gautam, Sandhya Rani, Preeta Kaur Chugh, Ravinder Kr Sah, and C. D. Tripathi. "Critical appraisal of drug promotional literature using World Health Organisation guidelines." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20173289.
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Background: Pharmaceutical marketing using drug promotional literatures is an important strategy adopted by the companies to promote their drugs. The primary objective of the present study is to compare the drug promotional literature of different pharmaceutical companies on the basis of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on ethical drug promotion.Methods: This observational, cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Delhi. The promotional literature was evaluated in accordance with WHO guidelines, nature of claims, pictorial content presented in it and for the cited references.Results: A total of 208 promotional brochures were analysed. Only few (5.8%) of the promotional literature fulfilled all the criteria as mentioned by the guidelines. Nutritional supplements (27.9%) were the most promoted group of drugs. Pharmaceutical companies were most reluctant to provide information regarding contraindications (9.6%), adjuvants (11.5), side effects (10.6%) and drug interactions (9.6%). Generic name, brand name, dosage form, therapeutic indications were outlined in most of the brochures. Exaggerated emotional claims were made in 47.1% brochures, followed by that of efficacy in 39.4% and safety in 25% of brochures. Pictures of medicinal products outnumbered others with 39.9% followed by pictures of women, children and doctors with 20.7%, 17.3% and 13.5% respectively.Conclusions: Majority of the drug promotional literature did not comply with the ethical guidelines and was inadequate in terms of their adequacy, quality and reliability. Hence, it can be concluded that the majority of the promotional advertisements that are given to the prescribers are not able to spread awareness towards rational prescribing.
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Malik, Salma, Tejus Anantharamu, M. Fadil Salmani, Sapna Pradhan, and A. G. Mathur. "An analysis of adherence to the World Health Organisation guidelines pertaining to drug promotional literature by pharmaceutical firms." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20184860.
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Background: Pharmaceutical companies used Drug Promotion Literatures (DPLs) as a major tool to advertise their new products. World Health Organization (WHO) has set some guidelines for promotion of drug literature. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate various DPLs for their accuracy and credibility as per WHO ethical criteria.Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study. Total 100 drugs advertisements published in various medical journals were collected from the library of the college. Advertisements were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected advertisements were evaluated based on the WHO ethical criteria for drug promotion.Results: From 100 advertisements, 73 were single drug whereas 27 were fixed drug combinations. Antimicrobials (16%) were the most promoted advertisements. Only 28% of the advertisements carried references to support their claim. Out of which majority (91.78%) were from journal articles. The generic name, brand name, names of active ingredients, manufacturer, distributor and dosage regimen were mentioned in majority of advertisements. Drug interactions (12%), contraindications (22%), precautions (24%) and side effects (22%) were least mentioned in the advertisements.Conclusions: It was observed that none of the advertisement followed all the guidelines laid down by WHO. Pharmaceutical companies should follow ethical regulatory measures to promote their product in various journals. The regulatory authority must ensure the pharmaceutical companies to follow ethical guidelines for publishing various drug promotional literatures.
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Grossman, Sara, Joseph P. Nathan, Alicja Siuzdak, Jessica Liang, and Christopher Sprycha. "Prevagen®: Analysis of Clinical Evidence and Its Designation as a “#1 Pharmacist Recommended Brand”." Senior Care Pharmacist 37, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2022.335.
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Prevagen® is a dietary supplement that is marketed to help with mild memory loss associated with older people. The manufacturer of the product notes that clinical evidence supports this use. Furthermore, the manufacturer notes that Prevagen® is a “#1 Pharmacist Recommended Brand.” The authors’ search of the literature identified one clinical study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Prevagen®; however, this study possesses significant limitations and therefore one must question the merits of such clinical evidence. Prevagen®’s designation as a “#1 Pharmacist Recommended Brand” is based on a survey facilitated by Pharmacy Times® that is designed to identify the brand name over-the-counter products that pharmacists recommend most frequently. Because of the limited clinical data supporting Prevagen®’s efficacy, it is likely that the survey results reflect pharmacists’ familiarity with this product, which may be influenced by extensive advertising techniques. As practitioners of evidence-based medicine, pharmacists should not recommend a product with limited evidence to support its use. Furthermore, pharmacists should proactively educate their patients, especially those who are most vulnerable, about the rational use of all pharmacologically active substances, including dietary supplements.
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Hamdani, Nurvivi, and Ananda Risya Triani. "The Design of Klettern Media Promotion." VCD 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/vcd.v1i1.317.
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The use of the Internet as a promotional and business media grows higher. Internet makes it easy for businesses to market their products or services. A brand named Klettern that sell outdoor gear products, market their products through online promotional media such as Facebook and Instagram. But, marketing is done through the media is not able to attract these consumers, because not every community or target market used the social media. Therefore, optimizing the strategy of content is very important for marketing the product. In marketing, it takes a strategy for the products offered to align with the needs of consumers. One of the route that can be used is the inbound marketing technique that comprised of content marketing and social media participation. In this study, the author conducted several data collection methods, such as literature studies, observation, interviews, questionnaire, and documentation. Through the research, it is expected that Klettern brand can devise a grand plan to promote and expand their market nationwide and overseas.
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Kravchenko, Nataliia K., and Liudmyla O. Shanaieva-Tsymbal. "MULTIMODAL UKRAINIAN BRAND NARRATIVE: SEMIOTICS, STRUCTURE, ARCHETYPES." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 26/2 (December 26, 2023): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2023-2-26/2-2.
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The aim of the study is to identify the structural-narrative, semiotic, and archetypal properties of the Ukrainian multimodal narrative as a semiotic space of secondary signification and social mythologization. The data for analysis include slogans and promotional multimodal videos (video narratives) of the Ukrainian brand “Золотий вік” (Golden Age). Based on multimodal research, semiotics and advertising mythology theories, as well as the theories of cultural archetypes, and utilizing multimodal, narrative, narrative-semiotic, and archetypal analysis, in conjunction with conceptual integration tools, the article has achieved the following key results. The Ukrainian brand narrative is a multimodal discursive construct formed by a combination of multiple semiotic codes realized through verbal and non-verbal sign systems via auditory and visual channels. The modules are integrated through multimodal video narratives, constructing a semiotic world integrated with the secondary signified “love” and the associated concepts that replace the denotative meaning of the brand as a jewelry company and its products as ornaments. The secondary signified is verbalized through slogans, visualized through plots, voiced by background songs or voice-over narrators, and encoded by cultural codes in their intertextual and archetypal aspects. Multimodal video-narratives, featuring various characters, narrative plots, and formal-narrative structures, exhibit isomorphism with respect to the possible worlds they construct, archetypal images, motifs, and characters, as well as analogous narrative plots with differing levels of reduction in structural narrative elements. The verbal module, based on a slogan, as well as invariant auditory accompaniment common to all video narratives – the song “Love” and off-screen narrative, supports a hermeneutic code because it contains a key metaphor based on the slogan and peripheral metaphorical components that reveal the conceptual features of its target space. The audio-visual module forms a proaritic code based on the narrative plots of advertising clips in a three-component possible world: extratextual frame narrative, textual pseudoreal narrative, and fairytale narrative. The cultural code is realized through various multimodal resources. The slogan and the brand name include explicit references to the source intertext based on the song. In the video narratives, techniques of interdiscursivity are used, combining elements of melodrama, a romantic story, and a fairy tale, as well as references to archetypal images, motifs, and elements of the archetypal cyclical time. Central to these are the archetypal images of dreams, magic, hearts, and motifs of the magical helper-giver, the journey, crossroads, and magical transformation of those who receive a branded gift. The main archetypes are those of gold and the ring-circle, associated with the symbolism of the sun. Cyclical temporality, associated with mythological time, is actualized by recurring motifs and underpins the unity of love and preciousness from the perspective of the connotations of “eternity” – as eternal spiritual and material values. The semantic code of connotations is related to the secondary signification meanings, which associate the brand’s products with “embodied” love and is based on all the brand’s narrative modules, constructing its social mythology. The symbolic code is based on archetypal symbols and the core value of the brand in its implicit opposition to values foreign to the brand, appealing to the motivational value of “love and the need for belonging” in the hierarchy of human motivations. The perspective for further research is the analysis of the pragmatics of multimodal narratives in Ukrainian brands.
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Izzaty, Wildan, and Nuri Aslami. "Indomie Product Marketing Strategy in Entering International Marketing." Journal Of Social Research 1, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i1.5.
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The company needs to prepare a strategy to market its products in order to penetrate the international market. Market competition is so much a challenge for entrepreneurs. In this case, one of the companies that is able to survive with intense competition and successfully penetrate the international market is PT. Indofood Makmur is a company engaged in food and beverage processing. The brand name used by PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk, is Indomie. first time comes with Chicken Broth Flavor only. In Indonesia, the term "Indomie" is commonly used as a generic term that refers to instant noodles. This study aims to describe the marketing strategy used by Indomie products in entering international marketing. In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method where the data collection technique used is literature study. The results showed that the strategy used by Indomie products to enter the international market was by implementing the 3A strategy, namely Acceptability (Product), Availability (Place), and Affordability (Price). With the distinctive taste of the archipelago spread throughout Indonesia, Indomie has been recognized by consumers that Indomie is an original product from Indonesia.
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Qian, Zhifeng, Junwu Chai, Hengyu Li, Wei Yan, and Hong Chen. "Should OEMs Outsource Remanufacturing to Retailers?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 37, no. 05 (September 15, 2020): 2050017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595920500177.
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In recent times, sustainability has become more important for businesses. Accordingly, product remanufacturing has emerged as an interesting topic, as it is generally considered as a profitable and environmentally friendly end-of-use management option for several products. While extant literature on remanufacturing has comprehensively studied the topic of outsourcing, it has failed to recognize that retailers also have the flexibility to engage in remanufacturing. However, in recent years, several brand name retailers have established remanufacturing operations. The following question arises: Should original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsource their remanufacturing operations to their retailers? To answer this question, two models are developed in which an OEM interacts with an independent retailer on remanufacturing operations with the option to either remanufacture all products in-house (Model M) or outsource remanufacturing to their retailer (Model R). The result shows that although model M potentially facilitates greater economic, social, and environmental sustainability, it has costs for the retailer. Finally, a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to achieve a “win-win-win” outcome that has economic, social, and environmental benefits for all parties.
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Sadi-Makangila, Patrick, and Yesdauletova Sabira. "The Place of Forensic Linguistics in the Resolution of Trademark Conflicts: Case of DOUBLEMINT & DOUBIEMLNT." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.10n.3p.1.
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Forensic linguistics focusing on word choice and spelling, it can be useful while resolving language crime, trademark infringement, and so forth. In our days, trademarks are one of the most infringed intellectual properties in the world in terms of values. Trademark could be a single word, a combination of words and symbols, design, or logo that distinguishes a company or products from others in the industry. When someone acquires a registered trademark, he is granted an exclusive right to its usage and it strongly prohibits other organizations from using it. This paper shows the way an expert in Forensic Linguistics should use his skill and knowledge to handle the conflict among similar trademarks. From brand name (how it is written, upper-cases or lower-cases, how many letters make this brand name, how it sounds, how it looks like, and so forth) to logo (design, usage of colors, sharp and so forth). The expert in Forensic Linguistics will try to find out scientific evidence that may help judges in decision-making. The present study scrutinized the place of forensic linguistics in the resolution of trademark conflicts, the scientific techniques, and methodologies utilized to analyze the similarities and differences between the trademarks in conflict. This research showed the importance of associating an expert in Forensic Linguistics in the Community Trademark conflicts in order to come up with a conclusion based on scientific evidence; the place of forensic linguistics and other related disciplines in revolving the issues of trademark infringement.
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Rodríguez-Galindo, Vanesa. "Living ‘La High Life’: Images, Objects, and Words in Motion in Spain and Beyond." Global Nineteenth-Century Studies 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/gncs.2022.13.
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From around 1880 to 1920, the term ‘high life’ figured prominently in the press, advertising, literature, and illustrated print media in European and American urban centres and was linked to luxury consumer products and a wealthy lifestyle. The meanings of the expression were flexible and became intertwined across geographic locations. Printed media acted as a non-physical contact zone where a multitude of cultural influences, economic interests, and visual languages intersected. Taking Spanish popular print culture as a point of departure, this article charts how the term emerged in different geographic locations and became associated with both local and international identities. The circulation of the high life brand name reveals how cultural producers, advertisers, and local readers thought about transnational webs of consumerism at the turn of the twentieth century. The expression was decentred from its English origin, even in Anglophone settings, and redefined across local cultures without losing its association with perceived international practices and trends.
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Rismantojo, Sandy, Christine Claudia Lukman, and Jesslyn Valeska. "PERAN BRANDING BAGI PENCIPTAAN IMAGE BATIK 3 NEGERI SOLO KARYA KELUARGA TJOA." Jurnal Bahasa Rupa 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/bahasarupa.v4i2.718.
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Batik Tiga Negeri is an Indonesian adiwastra that is still considered a mystery. Why? Because its history is still not completely clear. Batik Tiga Negeri is believed to have undergone a coloring process in three different cities, first in Lasem for red color, Pekalongan for the blue color, and finally in Solo for sogan or brown color. Therefore, the production journey of one batik Tiga Negeri will take a total of 650 km. The Tjoa family started producing batik Tiga Negeri in 1910, but it was regrettable that in 2014, the family had stopped the production because they have no successors. The Tjoa family stated that they named after their batik based on the legendary Sam Kok story from China known as the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, the batik Tiga Negeri, created by the Tjoa family, is a brand that is then attached to the legendary batik Tiga Negeri through the branding process. This study will analyze how Batik 3 Negeri Tjoa Family's brand and branding process can help build a brand image to strengthen the batik 3 Negeri Tjoa family's brand value. The researcher conducted a qualitative descriptive method to explore batik 3 Negeri of the Tjoa family through literature studies on batik Tiga Negeri and interviews with batik experts and enthusiasts complemented by literature studies on brand theory and branding. The results reveal the strength of the Tjoa family Batik 3 Negeri Solo's brand and branding process, which had been carried out for three generations, had succeeded in elevating their batik products into known to have aesthetic value and high quality and became the leading choice for the Sundanese in West Java.
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Dwi Sri Tiara, Wafa Marwa Hanifah, and Arifudin Arifudin. "Strategi Pemasaran Yang Diterapkan Komunitas Sarilate Adventure Atau Sarilate Outdoor Equipment Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Konsumen Terhadap Produknya." SANTRI : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 2, no. 3 (May 16, 2024): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/santri.v2i3.556.
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Sarilate is a community that originated from the Al-Masyariqul Anwar Islamic boarding school in Babakan Village, Ciwaringin District, Cirebon Regency, West Java in 2015. The name Sarilate Adventure is Sarilate Adventure, which has an organizational structure including the chairman, deputy chairman, secretary, treasurer and public relations (public relations). In addition, there is another name for this community, namely Sarilate outdoor equipment, which means Sarilate outdoor equipment. Sarilate opens outdoor equipment rental and sells local products from Sarilate itself and also has product brands, namely Eiger and Balai. This business has carried out 3 stages of the marketing strategy, namely having targeted consumers, identifying consumer desires, and determining the marketing mix. In addition to the 3 stages of the marketing strategy, Sarilate also applies the concept of AIDA + S (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, Satisfaction) which greatly influences increasing consumer interest in Sarilate products. This type of research is field research conducted with a qualitative approach. The methods used in collecting data for preparing this research report include observation, interviews and literature review. The purpose of this research is to find out the marketing strategy applied by Sarilate Adventure or Sarilate Outdoor Equipment to increase consumer interest in their products.
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Chew, Rob, Michael Wenger, Jamie Guillory, James Nonnemaker, and Annice Kim. "Identifying Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Brands and Flavors on Instagram: Natural Language Processing Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): e30257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30257.
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Background Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) brands, such as JUUL, used social media as a key component of their marketing strategy, which led to massive sales growth from 2015 to 2018. During this time, ENDS use rapidly increased among youths and young adults, with flavored products being particularly popular among these groups. Objective The aim of our study is to develop a named entity recognition (NER) model to identify potential emerging vaping brands and flavors from Instagram post text. NER is a natural language processing task for identifying specific types of words (entities) in text based on the characteristics of the entity and surrounding words. Methods NER models were trained on a labeled data set of 2272 Instagram posts coded for ENDS brands and flavors. We compared three types of NER models—conditional random fields, a residual convolutional neural network, and a fine-tuned distilled bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (FTDB) network—to identify brands and flavors in Instagram posts with key model outcomes of precision, recall, and F1 scores. We used data from Nielsen scanner sales and Wikipedia to create benchmark dictionaries to determine whether brands from established ENDS brand and flavor lists were mentioned in the Instagram posts in our sample. To prevent overfitting, we performed 5-fold cross-validation and reported the mean and SD of the model validation metrics across the folds. Results For brands, the residual convolutional neural network exhibited the highest mean precision (0.797, SD 0.084), and the FTDB exhibited the highest mean recall (0.869, SD 0.103). For flavors, the FTDB exhibited both the highest mean precision (0.860, SD 0.055) and recall (0.801, SD 0.091). All NER models outperformed the benchmark brand and flavor dictionary look-ups on mean precision, recall, and F1. Comparing between the benchmark brand lists, the larger Wikipedia list outperformed the Nielsen list in both precision and recall. Conclusions Our findings suggest that NER models correctly identified ENDS brands and flavors in Instagram posts at rates competitive with, or better than, others in the published literature. Brands identified during manual annotation showed little overlap with those in Nielsen scanner data, suggesting that NER models may capture emerging brands with limited sales and distribution. NER models address the challenges of manual brand identification and can be used to support future infodemiology and infoveillance studies. Brands identified on social media should be cross-validated with Nielsen and other data sources to differentiate emerging brands that have become established from those with limited sales and distribution.
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Zervas, Efthimios, Leonidas Vatikiotis, and Zoe Gareiou. "Proposals for an environmental and social just transition for the post-lignite era in Western Macedonia, Greece." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 899, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/899/1/012049.
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Abstract This text formulates a set of coherent and realistic proposals for the after delignification period in Western Macedonia. The aim of these proposals is to avoid the economic decline and poverty of the Region. The first part, based on the literature and the best available practices, the proposals for the necessary environmental restoration of mine lands. Concerning the economic rehabilitation of the Region, a mix of actions referring to the whole production chain: from the primary to the tertiary sector of the economy, is proposed. The action that is expected to enhance the production potential of this region is the creation of branded products, under a single brand name, which will voluntarily bring together, in the context of synergies, the agri-food and manufacturing activities. Overall, it is estimated that the deadline set for de-lignification in 2023, is too early to start all those activities that will allow the economic transition of the Region, and to exclude the possibility of a massive wave of migration. For this reason, the extension of de-lignification, for a period of time within the European objectives to achieve the target of climate neutrality in 2050, are proposed.
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Pathak, Abhishek, and Gemma Anne Calvert. "Sooo Sweeet! Presence of Long Vowels in Brand Names Lead to Expectations of Sweetness." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11020012.
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Throughout the history of languages, poets and writers have used linguistic tools to enhance euphony in their creations. One of the widely used tools to convey melody in any written (or spoken) creative art form is the use of long vowels. This paper examines the linkages between long (vs. short) vowel sounds and taste expectations of sweetness. Across four studies, we demonstrate that people expect products with brand names containing long vowels to taste sweeter than those including short vowel sounds. In studies 1 and 2, we demonstrate this association with the use of self-reported measures, and in studies 3 and 4, we employ indirect measures (implicit taste–shape correspondence and Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) paradigm) to show the effect holds at a subconscious level of processing. Previous research in this field has typically linked vowel position (high vs. low or front vs. back) with product or brand attribute expectations. This paper contributes to the growing body of literature in this field by demonstrating the importance of vowel length in sound symbolism, and more precisely, how it pertains to the taste continuum.
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Yarimoglu, Emel, Iremsu Cebisli, Ali Riza Levent, Talha Tesik, and Melisa Ozan. "A descriptive study on Turkish young consumers’ soft drink buying behaviors." Marketing Science & Inspirations 18, no. 3 (October 31, 2023): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46286/msi.2023.18.3.3.
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Over the past years, beverages with excessive sugar, caffeine and sodium were consumed more. Today, consumers have been more educated, prefer healthier options, and growing trend of healthy lifestyle have led to an increase demand for natural and healthy products. The aim of the study was to analyze young consumers’ soft drink buying behaviors in threefold by explaining reasons of buying soft drinks, factors that affect soft drink buying decisions, and preferences about ingredients in soft drinks. The survey method was used, and the field study was conducted with university students in Izmir City, Turkiye by convenience sampling method. The results showed that young consumers buy soft drinks since they like its taste, they can use them as a substitution of water when they are thirsty, and they can find soft drinks easily at every point of sales. It was obtained that the most important factor affecting students’ soft drink buying decisions is the brand name of the soft drink. Besides, it was found out that packaging, aroma diversity, and having healthy ingredients also affect their buying decisions. It was revealed that young generation’s main concern regarding the ingredients in soft drinks was sugar level. The study contributes to literature by investigating young consumers’ soft drinks buying behaviors and showing how health-conscious behaviors may change buying behaviors.
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Pangaribuan, Ferina Angela, Yance, and Ainun Mardhiyah. "PENERAPAN ANALISIS SWOT DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN USAHA INDUSTRI KERIPIK." Journal Business Administration: Entrepreneurship and Creative Industry 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jba.v1i1.9150.
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The country's economic growth is one of the important steps in analysing the nation's economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a strategy to grow the domestic industry as a requirement in increasing state revenues. One of the strategies carried out by the government is to grow Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). UD. Rezeki Baru is one of the MSMEs engaged in snack food processing by managing sweet potatoes into chips under the brand name Cap Rumah Adat Minang. This study aims to determine the strategy of UD. Rezeki Baru in developing the sweet potato and banana chips industry business with the Minang Traditional House stamp and looking for the right alternative strategy in developing its business. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Research data were obtained from observations, interviews and literature studies. The research informants were divided into three groups, namely key informants, main informants and additional informants determined by purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques are qualitative descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the study, it is known that UD. Rezeki Baru uses an intensive strategy in developing its business, developing existing products and expanding the market. The right alternative strategy recommendation is the W-T strategy, by maintaining strengths and taking advantage of existing opportunities, as well as minimising existing weaknesses and avoiding threats.
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Chayka, A. A., N. S. Shaglaeva, G. V. Bozhenkov, V. V. Bayandin, E. V. Rudyakova, and Yu N. Ivanov. "Synthesis of the Ultem series polyetherimides." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 13, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2023-13-3-325-332.
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Polyetherimides (PEIs) are a class of structural polymers with the most successful combination of such essential properties for practical applications as high heat resistance, thermal stability, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, good dielectric properties, and high chemical and radiation resistance. However, along with these advantages, PEIs are compounds with high softening and melting points, which complicates their processing into products. In recent decades, specialists have found numerous ways to decrease the glass transition temperature by increasing the flexibility of the main polymer chain. To this end, functional groups with a higher degree of rotation, such as isopropylidene, hexafluoroisopropylidene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, and other substituents, are introduced into the main polymer chain. Polyetherimide, whose precursors are 3(4)-nitrophthalic anhydride, m-phenylenediamine, and bisphenol A, was first produced by General Electric under the Ultem brand name and is currently believed to be one of the best-known engineering thermoplastics. In particular, two synthetic methods can be used to obtain such polyetherimides. The first technique uses a cyclization of poly(amidocarboxylic acid), which is obtained by the polycondensation of dianhydride of 2,2-bis-[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane and m-phenylenediamine. The second technique uses the polynitro substitution of 1,3-bis[N-(3-nitrophthalimido)]benzene and the dynatrium salt of bisphenol A. To date, the Russian scientific literature lacks reviews with detailed descriptions of known methods for the preparation of Ultem series polyetherimides. The present review generalizes and systematizes the available literature data regarding the synthesis of the Ultem series PEIs. In addition, this study describes preparation methods of soluble thermoplastic polyetherimides of this series, available synthesis methods of initial monomers with reaction yields, and physical characteristics of such polymers.
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Sultana, Anwara, Chandona Sorcar, and Mallika Karmaker. "Evaluation of Adherence of Drug Promotional Literatures (DPLs) to World Health Organization Guidelines." Faridpur Medical College Journal 9, no. 2 (November 12, 2015): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v9i2.25682.
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There is limited mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharmaceutical industries despite the fact that there is enough evidence of irrational pharmacotherapy increasingly encountered even in the developed countries. Unethical pharmaceutical promotional practice is a common cause of irrational pharmacotherapy which is a most common problem worldwide. Main objective of this study was to evaluate the medicinal promotional literatures provided by the pharmaceutical companies for accuracy, consistency and validity of the information presented in it, using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for ethical medicinal drug promotion. Two hundred & fifty (n=250) literatures were collected randomly from selected doctors chambers in Barisal, Bangladesh. One hundred & thirty (130) of those literatures were excluded for being either duplicates, reminder literatures, promoting medical devices or cosmetics. The remaining (120) literatures were then screened to match their macro-informational contents against same advised in world health organization ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. The name of active constituent(s), content of active ingredient(s) per dosage form & brand name, were mentioned in 100% (n = 120) of promotional literatures, whereas dosage form were mentioned in 91.66% (n = 110), therapeutic indications were mentioned in 99.1% (n = 119) of literatures but informations on side effects mentioned in only 55.33% (n = 70), contraindications in 63.33 % (n = 76), precautions in 51.67% (n = 62) & references in 70 % (n = 84) of drug promotional literatures (DPLs). None of them mention anything about adjuvant. None of the promotional literatures fulfilled all the WHO criteria. Screened literatures were found to display poorly reliable and unbalanced medication information. Healthcare providers shall, accordingly, seek independent medicinal information sources, and not solely depend on commercial sources of medicinal information. Official regulators shall strictly define and mandate medication information contents in printed pharmaceutical promotional materials. Healthcare providers should, also, master the skills of appraising such promotional printed materials if rational medication use is to be achieved. Pharmaceutical industries did not follow the WHO guidelines while promoting their products, thus aiming to satisfying their commercial motive rather than fulfilling the educational aspect of promotion.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2014;9(2): 88-91
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Blahopoluchna, A. H., and N. O. Liakhovska. "INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS ON CHANGE IN CONDUCT OF CONSUMER SERVICE CONSUMERS." Economies' Horizons, no. 1(19) (March 31, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.1(19).2022.259406.
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Consumer behavior involves certain decisions, activities, ideas or experiences that meet the needs and desires of consumers. This applies to all activities directly related to the receipt, consumption and disposal of products and services, including decision-making processes. Many factors influence the decision-making process. They can be psychological, social, cultural, economic, personal and organizational. These factors influence people's consumer behavior, which ultimately influences consumers' choices about using the hospitality industry. Psychological factors influencing consumer behavior are motivation, perception and attitude. Social factors are family, group, role and status. Cultural factors include culture, subculture and social class. Economic factors include personal income, family income, and income expectations. Other factors that are personal include age, occupation, income and lifestyle.
Behavior is an organizational factor that includes marketing strategies, work organization, brand name and company image, and not least factors that influence consumer choice - these are external environmental factors that include economic, political, social, legal, technology and competition . Identifying and understanding the factors that influence consumer behavior can influence their choices and regulate the demand for certain services that can meet the needs and desires, thus increasing the income and profitability of the institution.
Understanding the impact of internal and external factors helps hospitality organizations develop marketing strategies to meet consumer needs and gain market advantage. It has been studied that the consumer cannot make decisions alone, but makes decisions under the influence of several other people who perform different roles. Therefore, consumer behavior as a buyer is strongly influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. These factors help consumers develop product and brand benefits.
Research has shown that the age of consumers influences their choice of accommodation and food. Older consumers are more demanding of comfort and nutrition. Data for this study were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.
The questionnaire was compiled after an extensive survey and analysis of the scientific literature. The questionnaire presents a list of external and internal factors that affect the behavior of consumers of hospitality services. Each factor was evaluated in 2 points. Points were translated into percentages.
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Xie, Tao, Jianguo Du, Kofi Baah Boamah, Lingyan Xu, and Mingyue Ma. "The Internal and External Factors of Environmental Destructive Behavior in the Supply Chain: New Evidence from the Perspective of Brand-Name Products." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (March 4, 2023): 4605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054605.
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Frequent environmental incidents in the supply chains of brand-name products have dire consequences on the ecological environment and in terms of social development. There have been few considerations of supply chains and enterprise characteristics included in previous research. This paper focuses on the supply chains of brand-name products, and systematically identifies principal factors that influence environmentally destructive behaviors in the supply chain of brand-name products from internal and external viewpoints of the supply chain. Considering the characteristics of the polluting industries, 416 valid questionnaires were obtained by investigating the supply chain of brand-name products in chemical, mechanical, food, and agricultural products, the light industry, and other industries. The results show that: (1) environmentally destructive behavior is differently exhibited in different industries among the investigated supply chains of brand-name products; (2) the enterprises’ attitudes, policies, and investments in pro-environment approaches play a fundamental role in the environmental management of the brand-name products supply chain; (3) environmental legislation and public supervision have significant effects on the environmental management of the brand-name products supply chain; (4) only when environmental regulation is combined with environmental legislation and public supervision is a restriction of environmentally destructive behavior in the supply chain of brand-name products triggered. Thus, we suggest that the attribution and sharing mechanisms of environmental responsibility in the supply chain of brand-name products should be established; a “push-pull-anchor” mechanism and coordinated co-governance supervision system for environmentally destructive behavior in the supply chain of brand-name products should be built.
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Islam, Mohammad Aminul, and Mohammed A. Alghobiri. "E-Entrepreneurship for E-Startups: Potentials, Common Challenges and Way Forward." Information Management and Business Review 10, no. 4 (January 14, 2019): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v10i4.2646.
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In today’s economic world, the advancement in technology has opened up new forms of economic activities, particularly business. Whilst entrepreneurship is a major factor in business, e-entrepreneurship has become a buzzword facilitated by the rapid advancement of internet and developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). E-entrepreneurship, in the name of transforming business from the local marketplace to the global one, has revolutionized the entire business processes. This set of new business mechanism has created new opportunities for the startups, which in this regard is termed as e-startups. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the concept of eentrepreneurship by addressing related potentials and challenges. Extant literature has been reviewed to this end. The analysis indicated that flexibility of and accessibility to technology and products, less capital and risk in comparison to physical businesses are the major advantages that an e-entrepreneur might enjoy while commencing an e-startup. On the other hand, lack of institutional support, digital security threat, tough competition with established brands, less innovation and lack of academic and practical exposure in terms of business and marketing are some barriers that challenge the operation of e-startups. The conclusion of the paper draws on some recommendations accordingly.
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Liloca, Mendeca, and Simone Stewart. "Service Products and Brand Determination Strategy." Journal Dimensie Management and Public Sector 1, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jdmps.v1i1.20.
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This study purpose to understand the service products and brand determination sttrategy. This study discusses products and services, classification of products and services, brand determination strategy and marketing services. Choosing a brand name involves finding the best brand name based on a careful review of the benefits of the product, the target market, and the proposed marketing strategy. service marketing that need to be known in service marketing, namely: Intangibillty (intangible), Inseparability (cannot be separated), Variabillity/heterogeneity (changeable), Perishabbility (not durable).
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TP, Krishna Kumar, M. Ramachandran, Vidhya Prasanth, and Chandrasekar Raja. "Developing Business Services Using IBM SPSS Statistics." REST Journal on Banking, Accounting and Business 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jbab/2/1/9.
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Developing Business Services. This study examines business development services for entrepreneurs, which should be offered in various phases. Non-financial services and products are defined as business services. “Business services” is a common term used to describe supportive but firm objects and non-productive work. Information technology (IT) is an important supporting service in many businesses, such as shipping and finance. A good business service aligns with the company’s IT assets, employees, and customers’ requirements, supports business goals, and facilitates company profitability. The IT sector provides business documenting the value of infrastructure processes, IT service audit, IT service inventory creation or renewal, and/or delivery to improve communication, including an employee self-service portal. More information about this source text is required for additional translation; please send feedback using the side panels. Business services are a support business but produce a solid product. Information technology (IT) is an important business support service in shipping, procurement, and various businesses like finance. Business development is about promoting development in your company to increase revenue strategies and opportunities through the process of implementation. Pursuing opportunities, identifying new opportunities, and converting more customers, including commercial services, are activities that help businesses but do not provide tangible substance. For example, information technology in shipping, procurement, and various businesses like finance supports these services. To help your business grow, you need to pursue opportunities and develop strategies to increase revenue. This involves conducting extensive market research, raising visibility and awareness, promoting thought leadership, conducting outreach, generating quality leads, providing exemplary customer service, and developing sales content from success stories. SPSS statistics is a data management, advanced analytics, multivariate analytics, business intelligence, and criminal investigation developed by IBM for a statistical software package. A long time, spa Inc. was created by IBM, which purchased it in 2009. The brand name for the most recent versions is IBM SPSS statistics. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability result showed that the overall Cronbach’s alpha value for the model is .490, indicating 50% reliability. From the literature review, the above cronbach’s alpha value of 46% can be considered to analyze the model.
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Stoughton, Richard B. "The Same Glucocorticoid in Brand-Name Products." Archives of Dermatology 125, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1989.01670230051007.
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Wu, Fang, Qi Sun, Rajdeep Grewal, and Shanjun Li. "Brand Name Types and Consumer Demand: Evidence from China’s Automobile Market." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243718820571.
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Brand naming challenges are more complex in logographic languages (e.g., Chinese), compared with phonographic languages (e.g., English) because the former languages feature looser correspondence between sound and meaning. With these two dimensions of sound and meaning, the authors propose a four-way categorization of brand name types for logographic languages: alphanumeric, phonetic, phonosemantic, or semantic. Using automobile sales data from China and a discrete choice model for differentiated products, the authors relate brand name types to demand, with evidence showing that Chinese consumers preferred vehicle models with semantic brand names (7.64% more sales than alphanumeric) but exhibited the least preference for phonosemantic names (4.92% lower sales than alphanumeric). Domestic Chinese firms benefited from semantic brand names, whereas foreign firms gained from using foreign-sounding brand names. Entry-level products performed better with semantic brand names, and high-end products excelled when they had foreign-sounding brand names. Thus, the four-way categorization of brand name types should help multinational firms and domestic Chinese firms understand and leverage the association between brand name types and consumer demand.
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Ojeda Mantilla, Héctor, Iván Montoya Restrepo, and Luz Alexandra Montoya Restrepo. "Future scenarios for the brand name phytosanitary agrochemical industry in the floriculture of Bogotá." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 68, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 7743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50995.
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Using the description of the importance of the floriculture sector and contrasting the identification of the behavior of brand name and generic products in the flower sector, future scenarios were identified for the creation of strategies of market permanence and positioning for brand name agrochemical products. In this case, representatives with broad experience in the floriculture sector of La Sabana de Bogota D.C. were selected, with whom the state of and possible projections for agrochemical products for the sector were evaluated with a prospective methodology. As a result, strategies were generated for achieving market permanence and positioning for brand name agrochemical products.
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John, Deborah Roedder, Barbara Loken, and Christopher Joiner. "The Negative Impact of Extensions: Can Flagship Products be Diluted?" Journal of Marketing 62, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200103.
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This article extends the scope of investigations into the potential risks of brand and line extension strategies. Here, the authors examine whether extensions can dilute beliefs associated with a strategically important and highly visible product—the flagship product. The results of three experimental investigations indicate that beliefs about flagship products are less vulnerable to dilution than beliefs about the parent brand name in general. The findings suggest that assessments of the impact of brand leveraging strategies should include analysis of the effects on individual products as well as on the family brand name.
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Хуршудян, Сергей Азатович, Наталия Сергеевна Пряничникова, and Анастасия Евгеньевна Рябова. "Food quality and safety. Transformation of concepts." Food processing industry, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.3.3.001.
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Продукты питания, несомненно, способствовали развитию и поддержанию человечества. Сегодня мы сталкиваемся с серьезными проблемами в этой области - многие люди потребляют продукты низкого качества. Качество и безопасность пищевого продукта - это одно из основополагающих понятий, используемых в госпрограммах, нормативных и иных документах различных уровней, которые затрагивают вопросы обеспечения населения продуктами питания. При этом восприятие терминов у потребителей и производителей отличается. Так, в статье приведен анализ существующих определений качества и безопасности пищевых продуктов, факторы, формирующие их восприятие у потребителя, а также трансформация их содержания во времени под влиянием различных факторов или их комбинаций. Расширение границ потребительского восприятия качества и безопасности в зарубежной технической литературе также признается существенным фактором, для которого применяется специальное название - «метод лестницы». Примером субъективного восприятия качества может служить априорное отношение потребителя к пищевым продуктам известных торговых брендов. Границы безопасности меняются значительно медленнее, чем качественные показатели. В реальности показатели безопасности, прежде всего, становятся известными специалистам, и лишь отдельные, наиболее агрессивные - потребителям. Food products undoubtedly contributed to the development and maintenance of mankind. Today we are facing serious problems in this area - many people are consuming poor quality products. The quality and safety of a food product is one of the fundamental concepts used in state programs, regulatory and other documents at various levels that affect the provision of food to the population. At the same time, the perception of terms by consumers and manufacturers is different. Thus, the article analyzes the existing definitions of food quality and safety, the factors that shape their perception by the consumer, as well as the transformation of their content over time under the influence of various factors or their combinations. The expansion of the boundaries of consumer perception of quality and safety in foreign technical literature is also recognized as a significant factor for which a special name is used - the «ladder method». An example of the subjective perception of quality is the a priori attitude of the consumer to food products of well-known trade brands. Security boundaries change much more slowly than qualitative indicators. In reality, safety indicators, first of all, become known to specialists, and only some, the most aggressive ones, to consumers.
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Fiscella, Richard G., Bruce I. Gaynes, and Mike Jensen. "Equivalence of generic and brand-name ophthalmic products." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 58, no. 7 (April 1, 2001): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/58.7.616.
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Traynor, Kate. "Labeling may differ between generic, brand-name products." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 59, no. 10 (May 15, 2002): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/59.10.912.
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