Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Brasilian Exclusive Economic Zone'
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Nascimento, Marcela Conceição do 1980. "Alimentação e relações tróficas de peixes demersais marinhos da região Sudeste e Sul do Brasil." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315788.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O ambiente marinho apresenta ecossistemas altamente ricos e diversos, entretanto o conhecimento sobre esses ecossistemas e os organismos que neles vivem ainda é muito esparso. Sabe-se que a perda de diversidade nesses sistemas vem crescendo sem ser apropriadamente avaliada. No Brasil, o desnvolvimento de novas fronteiras para a pesca e sua utilização, muitas vezes com pouca regulamentação e/ou fiscalização, tem levado muitos recursos à sobreexplotação. Esta forma de exploração evidencia o uso dos recursos marinhos sem um planejamento adequado. Para que haja tal planejamento, é necessário que se conheçam as vias energéticas e as relações entre os organismos que compõem esse ecossistema. De forma a contribuir para este conhecimento, no presente trabalho foram estudadas a dieta e as relações tróficas de seis espécies de peixes demersais abundantes nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil: Antigonia capros; Ariomma bondi, Genypterus brasiliensis, Synagrops bellus, Synagrops spinosus e Ventrifossa macropogon. O material provém das coletas do Programa REVIZEE Score-Sul, realizadas entre Cabo Frio (RJ) e Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). Os peixes tiveram a sua dieta analisada por meio do conteúdo estomacal. Além da composição da dieta, foi avaliada a influência da profundidade, do tamanho dos indivíduos, da sazonalidade e do período do dia na obtenção de alimento. Adicionalmente, construiu-se um modelo trófico de balanço de biomassa para avaliar a comunidade demersal da área. Neste estudo foi observado que há um intenso consumo de invertebrados bentônicos, especialmente crustáceos, por todas as espécies, apesar de cada uma apresentar particularidades no comportamento alimentar, como foi constatado nas análises de dieta. Observou-se ainda que as espécies apresentam variações no consumo de alimentos relacionadas à profundidadade, tamanho dos indivíduos e área geográfica onde foram coletadas, e que os fatores que mais causam essas alterações são as variações sazonais. O consumo de invertebrados bentônicos verificado nas análises de dieta e no modelo é maior em espécies de níveis tróficos mais baixos, mas também é significativo em espécies de níveis superiores. Nesta última categoria estão inclusos grandes predadores, como tubarões e atuns, que puderam ser avaliados por meio de dados secundários na construção do modelo. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância da inclusão dos organismos bentônicos nas políticas pesqueiras e planos de manejo, uma vez que se trata de um dos principais pontos de sustentação de todo o ecossistema marinho, sobretudo o demersal
Abstract: The knowledge about marine environments and their rich and diverse ecosystems is improving across the world, but still has gaps, mainly in tropical areas. It is known that the diversity loss is globally increasing without being properly measured. Studies have shown that fisheries are looking for new areas and species aiming to attempt the global fisheries demand. This kind of resource exploitation brings evidence of inadequate fisheries planning. It is necessary the knowledge about the energy pathways and ecosystem relationships to develop appropriate fisheries management for different areas and objectives. Aiming to improve this knowledge and contribute to the appropriate fisheries management, we studied the diet and the trophic relationship of six abundant demersal fishes from Brazilian Southeast and South: Antigonia capros, Ariomma bondi, Genypterus brasiliensis, Synagrops bellus, Synagrops spinosus and Ventrifossa macropogon. The samples were collected during REVIZEE Score-Sul program, between Cabo Frio (RJ) and Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). The fishes were studied based on their gut contents. It was evaluated the diet composition and the influence of depth, season, day time and specimens' size, on food choice. Additionally, we built a trophic model to evaluate the demersal community. We observed intense benthos consumption (especially crustaceans) by all species, despite their specificity. We also observed changes on food consumption according to depth, area and specimen's size, but the main responsible for changes on food consumption are the seasonal variations on the oceanographic dynamics. Benthos consumption is higher in low trophic levels than in high ones, but it is significant in high trophic levels species too, including top predators as sharks and tunas, assessed by secondary data during the model construction. These results show the necessity to include benthos impacts on fisheries management, once they are the main support of the entire marine ecosystem, especially demersal ecosystems
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia
Du, Plooy Inalize. "The combined exclusive maritime zone of Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/16109.
Full textSun, Zhen. "Allocating uses of the exclusive economic zone under the international law of the sea." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708421.
Full textKawaley, Ian R. C. "The implications of the exclusive economic zone and EEZ management for small mid-ocean island Commonwealth Territories." Thesis, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325013.
Full textGubon, Florian. "The exclusive economic zone fisheries regime under the Law of the Sea : have developing states benefited from the regime?" Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417959.
Full textAl-Ansari, Ibrahim M. A. Saleh. "A hydrographic and biogeochemical study of waters and sediment of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Qatar (Arabian Gulf)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505833.
Full textSalazar, Oliva Victoria María. "The southeast pacific countries, the United Nations convention on the law of the sea and the exclusive economic zone." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111150.
Full textOn 23rd June, 1947 the Chilean President Gabriel González Videla declared the national sovereignty over the entire continental shelf adjacent to its coast and islands, the soil and subsoil and the superjacent waters to a distance of 200 nautical miles from baselines in order to reserve, protect, preserve and utilize natural resources, giving the starting point of the exclusive economic zone doctrine. Peru and Ecuador, later on, also made statements along the same lines, and, based on these national backgrounds, the three countries signed the Declaration of Santiago on Maritime Zone, on 18th August 1952, by which they proclaimed their sovereignty and exclusive jurisdiction over the sea that bathes the coasts to a minimum distance of 200 nautical miles from the related costs, including soil and subsoil that relate to it in order to prevent irrational exploitation of the natural resources located in it and so important for the development of their peoples. Together with this Declaration, several Agreements were signed and a Regional body was created -The Permanent Commission for the South East Pacific- starting a process of regional cooperation and integration, to which Colombia acceded on 1978, that developed the concept of this new maritime space and spread it around the world. The figure created by these countries was finally recognized in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea adopted on 1982, whose figure of the exclusive economic zone was inspired in the principles and institutions created by the South East Pacific Countries. However, during the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru did not share the same view as to the legal nature of the 200 miles zone.. Peru and Ecuador supported a territorial doctrine, which would give an exclusive sovereign position to coastal States over an area of 200 maritime miles, while Chile and Colombia maintained the idea that in this zone, State competences were sovereign but not for all purposes. Even when these different positions never affected the cooperation and friendly relations among these countries, the different approaches with respect to the legal nature of the zone were transferred to the domestic legislation of the States and, until today, can be found in the national legislation of these countries. To us, being the South East Pacific countries the proponents of the 200 miles doctrine, it seems important that they try to maintain harmony in the concept of this maritime zone. Until today, Chile is the only country who had ratified the Convention
Bouhedjila, Ali. "The concept and regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone under the Law of the Sea Convention and in state practice." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7011/.
Full textKim, Sun Pyo. "Legal relations between states with opposite or adjacent coasts pending ultimate delimitation of the exclusive economic zone/continental shelf, with particular reference to North East Asia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23075.
Full textPantland, Nicolette Ariana. "3D numerical techniques for determining the foot of a continental slope." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49807.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) provides an opportunity for qualifying coastal signatory states to claim extended maritime estate. The opportunity to claim rests on the precept that in certain cases a continental shelf extends beyond the traditionally demarcated two hundred nautical mile (200M) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) mark. In these cases a successful claim results in states having sovereign rights to the living and non-living resources of the seabed and subsoil, as well as the sedentary species, of the area claimed. Where the continental shelf extends beyond the 200M mark, the Foot of the Continental Slope (FoS) has to be determined as one of the qualifying criteria. Article 76 of UNCLOS de nes the FoS as ". . . the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base." Currently Caris Lots is the most widely used software which incorporates public domain data to determine the FoS as a step towards defining the offshore extent of an extended continental shelf. In this software, existing methods to compute the FoS are often subjective, typically involving an operator choosing the best perceived foot point during consideration of a two dimensional profile of the continental slope. These foot points are then joined by straight lines to form the foot line to be used in the desk top study (feasibility study). The purpose of this thesis is to establish a semi-automated and mathematically based three dimensional method for determination of the FoS using South African data as a case study. Firstly, a general background of UNCLOS is given (with emphasis on Article 76), including a brief discussion of the geological factors that influence the characteristics of a continental shelf and thus factors that could influence the determination of the FoS. Secondly, a mathematical method for determination of the surfaces of extremal curvature (on three dimensional data), originally proposed by Vanicek and Ou in 1994, is detailed and applied to two smooth, hypothetical sample surfaces. A discussion of the bathymetric data to be used for application introduces the factors to be taken into account when using extensive survey data as well as methods to process the raw data for use. The method is then applied to two sets of gridded bathymetric data of differing resolution for four separate regions around the South African coast. The ridges formed on the resulting surfaces of maximum curvature are then traced in order to obtain a foot line definition for each region and each resolution. The results obtained from application of the method are compared with example foot points provided by the subjective two dimensional method of computation within the Caris Lots software suite. A comparison of the results for the different resolutions of data is included to provide insight as to the effectiveness of the method with differing spatial coarseness of data. Finally, an indication of further work is provided in the conclusion to this thesis, in the form of a number of recommendations for possible adaptations of the mathematical and tracing methods, and improvements thereof.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie oor die Wet van die See (UNCLOS) bied 'n geleentheid aan kwalifiserende state wat ondertekenaars van die Konvensie is om aanspraak te maak op uitgebreide maritieme gebied. Die geleentheid om op uitgebreide gebied aanspraak te maak berus op die veronderstelling dat 'n kontinentale tafel in sekere gevalle tot buite die tradisioneel afgebakende 200 seemyl eksklusiewe ekonomiese zone (EEZ) strek. In sulke gevalle het 'n suksesvolle aanspraak die gevolg dat die staat soewereine reg oor die lewende en nie-lewende bronne van die seevloer en ondergrond verkry, sowel as die inwonende spesies van die gebied buite die EEZ waarop aanspraak gemaak word. Die voet van die kontinentale tafel (FoS) moet vasgestel word as een van die bepalende kriteria vir afbakening van die aanspraak waar die kontinentale tafel tot buite die EEZ strek. Artikel 76 van UNCLOS defineer die FoS as ". . . die punt van maksimale verandering in die helling by sy basis." Die mees algemeen gebruikte rekenaar sagteware wat openbare domein data aanwend om die voet van die helling te bepaal, is tans "Caris Lots." Die metodes wat in die program gebruik word om die voet van die helling te bepaal, is dikwels subjektief en berus tipies op 'n operateur se keuse van die beste afgeskatte punt van die voet van die helling uit 'n oorweging van 'n twee dimensionele profiel van die kontinentale tafel. Die berekende voet-punte word dan deur middel van reguit lyne verbind om 'n hellingsvoetlyn te vorm. Hierdie voetlyn kan dan in die Suid-Afrikaanse lessenaarstudie (doenlikheidstudie) oor die bepaling van die voet van die kontinentale tafel gebruik word. Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n semi-outomatiese en wiskundig gebaseerde drie-dimensionele metode te beskryf vir die vasstelling van die FoS, deur as 'n gevallestudie van Suid-Afrikaanse data gebruik te maak. 'n Algemene agtergrond van UNCLOS, met beklemtoning van Artikel 76, word eerstens gegee. 'n Kort bespreking van die geologiese faktore wat die kontinentale tafel beïnvloed en wat gevolglik 'n invloed kan hê op die vasstelling van die voet van die helling, is ingesluit. Tweedens word 'n wiskundige metode, wat oorspronklik in 1994 deur Vanicek en Ou voorgestel is, vir bepaling van die oppervlaktes van maksimale kromming (gebaseer op drie-dimensionele data) in detail bespreek en 'n voorbeeld van 'n toepassing op twee gladde, denkbeeldige oppervaktes word beskryf. Die faktore wat in ag geneem moet word wanneer omvattende dieptemeting data gebruik word, en die metodes wat gebruik word om die rou data te verwerk, word ingelei deur 'n bespreking van die aard van die dieptemeting data wat gebruik is. Die metode word dan toegepas op twee stelle geruite dieptemeting data van verskillende resolusies vir vier afsonderlike streke om die Suid-Afrikaanse kus. Die riwwe wat op die resulterende oppervlaktes van maksimale kromming gevorm word, word dan nagetrek ten einde 'n lyndefinisie van die voet van die kontinentale tafel vir elke streek teen elke resolusie te bepaal. Die resultate verkry uit toepassings van die metode word vergelyk met hellingsvoetpunte soos bepaal deur die subjektiewe twee dimensionele berekeningsmetode in die "Caris Lots" rekenaar-program. 'n Vergelyking van die resultate vir die verskillende data resolusies word ingesluit om die doeltreffendheid van die metode met betrekking tot die hantering van verskillende ruimtelike data resolusies te ondersoek. 'n Aanduiding van verdere werk, bestaande uit 'n aantal aanbevelings vir moontlike aanpassings en verbeterings van die wiskundige en natrek metodes, word ten slotte in die gevolgtrekking van die verhandeling verskaf.
Almeida, Eduardo Machado de. "Estrutura da população, crescimento e reprodução de Maurolicus stehmanni Parin & Kobylianski, 1993 (Teleostei: Sternoptychidae) na zona econômica e exclusiva do sul e sudeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-28092001-131903/.
Full textMaurolicus is a genus of mesopelagic fish very abundant in the south-eastern and south Brazilian Economic Exclusive Zone. The material of this study was sampled by mid water trawl during cruises of R/V Atlântico Sul in winter of 1996, autumn of 1997 and spring of 1997, between 100 and 1500 meters depth, from latitudes of 22° to 35° S. The meristic and morphological analysis of 120 specimens collected in 4 distinctive points, has indicated the occurrence of M. stehmanni Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993 in the area. Through the vertical and horizontal distribution of the catches it was verified that this species is associated with the shelf break, staying in depths higher than 200 m during the day, migrating to lower depths at night as the luminous intensity falls. The length frequency and the proportion between youngs and adults showed that the recruitment occured during the periods surveyed. By means of young-adult proportion by length a value of L50 about 32 mm was estimated. The study of gonadossomatic relationship, gonadal maturity frequency and ∆K (difference between total and somatic condition factor) indicated that M. stehmanni presented reproductive activity in the area during all the sampled seasons. There is a linear relationship between the standard length and the otolith radius, however the periodicity of the zone formation was not identified, which did not permit appropriate estimates of the growth parameters. The L∞ of 53 mm and k of 0,9 year1 were estimated using ELEFAN I routine (FISAT) based on length frequency data, indicating that M. stehmanni attains maturity around its first year of life.
Keniausytė, Aušra. "Lietuvos Respublikos jūros erdvių delimitavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20101124_200847-12092.
Full textThe object of this work is the analysis of maritime delimitation of the Republic of Lithuania after the independence reestablishment. Firstly it is presented maritime definitions, principles of the maritime delimitation established in the conventions and in the case of law. Latter in the work it is analyzed Lithuanian negotiations with the neighbourhood states on the maritime delimitation. It is discussed the processes of the negotiations, presented the positions on the respective questions, the substantiation of the mentioned positions, the results of the negotiations. The positions and outcomes of the negotiations are estimated according to the conventions on the maritime delimitations and according to the case of law.
Hsu, Yen-Pei, and 許彥培. "The Preservation and Management of Exclusive Economic Zone Living Resources in Terms of International Law." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80363377810892689900.
Full textWei-ChunKuo and 郭韋君. "A Study on the Legal System Concerning the Dispute Settlements of the Exclusive Economic Zone Delimitation in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63477137870157160866.
Full text國立成功大學
法律學系
100
Since the UNCLOS in 1982 passed officially, every state has started to claim legality of 200 nautical miles EEZ. However, supposed the maritime space less than 400 nautical miles when the states delimit the EEZ boundary, the EEZ will form superimposed zones, and it may bring out the a conflict of fishing in fact. Taiwan proclaims the Law of Republic of China on the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf on January 21, 1981, regard as merit to exercise the right to sovereignty and jurisdiction to the international community. As a result of Taiwan has opposite or adjacent s coasts with neighbouring states that the distance between them less than 400 nautical miles, China, Japan, Philippines and the states strewed over the South China Sea, bring the problem of EEZ on top of another with Taiwan seriously. Presently, the conflict in fisheries in the area of East China Sea and South China Sea is the most serious. Because of Taiwan and neighboring states can’t reach agreement on delimitations or provisional arrangements, conflicts continue between these two areas lastingly. For this reason, when Taiwan is in the position of fishing entity to delimit the EEZ boundary, how to make use of international dispute settlements to solve the problem of delimitation and the conflict of fishing, and how to take the provisional arrangements to reduce the disputes, this thsis attempt to discuss obove issues and research the solution of the dispute settlements of the exclusive economic zone delimitation in Taiwan.
Chang, Chia-Huan, and 張家瑍. "A Study on the Settlement Mechanism for the Fishery Dispute in the Exclusive Economic Zone between Taiwan and the Philippines." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04990335554063310359.
Full text國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
103
Since the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea came into force on Nov. 16, 1994, the legal regime of the EEZ has been established. Coastal States have declared the 200 miles EEZ. As an ocean country, Taiwan of course has maritime area overlapping issues with neighboring countries, which may cause serious conflicts from competition for fishery resources in the overlapping waters. The EEZ fishery conflicts between Taiwan and Japan in the East China Sea have existed for a long time, after Taiwan and Japan signed “Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement” on April 10, 2013, the conflicts had been temporary solved. On the other hand, Taiwan and the Philippines have the same problems in the overlapping waters, but due to the two countries neither even achieve the agreement of maritime boundary delimitation nor temporary agreement, the two countries still facing high tension situation on scrambling for fishery resources. First of all, the writer would like to try to describe the claim of EEZ of Taiwan and the Philippines, and then will discuss the development of the legal regime of the EEZ and the methods used for solve EEZ disputes. The EEZ dispute settlements between Taiwan and the Philippines are the core of this thesis, the writer will find out the answer via the phase of law researching. And also would like to figure out the position of Taiwan in the global society by International Law perspective, for finding out a proper way to solve the overlapping waters disputes in the EEZ with the Philippines in an equal position status. In the end, the writer will take the relevant country practices and “Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement” as references, to see if Taiwan and the Philippines can find out a better way to solve the fishery disputes in the overlapping waters or make provisional arrangements to reduce the disputes before Taiwan and the Philippines reaching an agreement to make the final delimitation.
Kao, Mu-Lan, and 高木蘭. "A Study on the Disputes between the United States and China Concerning Military Activities Conducted in the Exclusive Economic Zone." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00803981458850328239.
Full text國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
105
A U.S. Navy EP-3 Aries II spy plane which was on a surveillance mission collided with a Chinese J-8 interceptor in the airspace on April 1, 2001. The incident occurred about 50 miles southeast of China's Hainan Island, and led to some legal disputes. Does the U.S. have right under international law to conduct military activities along the Chinese coast within its EEZ or over the area? According to China’s point of view, it is illegal for EP-3 to enter its territorial space without prior approval. There has been a series of troubling incidents in so-called “international waters”or “international airspace” bodering the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Several maritime conflicts between PRC and the United States of America (USA) have occurred successively in the sea areas around China, including, the USNS Bowditch encounter, the USNS Impeccable incident, China Seizes US UUV, etc.. Legally, these conflicts were caused by the different interpretation and application between the two countries of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). PRC stated that USA warships, naval auxiliaries or aircrafts cannot appeare to be actively engaged in a signals intelligence operation inside what the Chinese consider their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) without permission. Actually, their presence in the area was unauthorized and broke international law and Chinese laws and regulations. But, the USA government insisted on the freedom of military activities in the EEZ and refused to recognize excessive maritime claims put forth by foreign governments. USA made the statement on the phrase “other internationally lawful uses in the Article 58(1) of UNCLOS was intended to preserve in the EEZ the freedom to use the high seas for military purposes. Hainan Island, with numerous airfield and submarine bases, remains an area of interest for USA, per international law, military activities may be conducted “as an exercise of the freedoms of navigation and overflight.” Therefore, USA stated that it’s ship was engaged in lawful military activities in China’s claimed EEZ, and blamed PRC for the common element of most of the conflicts between the two sides is China’s perception of its national security and international responsibilities. As several USA officials declared that USA military vessels and aircraft “will continue to sail, fly, and operate anyehere that international law allows.”, and thus tension rises, this kind of incidents will happen again and again with the USA carrying out the FONOPs. Is intelligence data-gathering by USA governments within China’s EEZ llegal or illegal? It seems these questions between the countries are open to debate. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the related issues mentioned above.
Tseng, Po-Yin, and 曾柏穎. "Research of Japan''s Exclusive Economic Zone And Dispute over the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Japan and South Korea." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44521837693342793465.
Full text淡江大學
亞洲研究所碩士班
98
Japan is an island surrounded by the sea. Japan’s international norms and domestic norms have a certain degree of development. Until the system of exclusive economic zone has formulated, the territorial sea and the high sea continued for a long time. But the emergence of exclusive economic zone changed delimitation of the maritime boundary. Compete with the territorial sea , continental shelf , the high seas , exclusive economic zone is a completely new system in law of the sea. Islands is an important subject in the delimitation of the maritime boundary. Although the size of islands is small, and provided just in one article by United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Islands can affect a country''s territorial and maritime interests. That is why Japan and South Korea are still dispute over Takeshima even it is such a small place . All of the norm about exclusive economic zone、delimitation of the maritime boundary and the regime of islands are provided in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This thes started on the relevant norms of exclusive economic zone , and based on Japan’s the system of exclusive economic zone. Through this research to assist Taiwan also an island surrounded by the sea in establishing the system of exclusive economic zone.
Schraader, Leenke. "The impact of illegal fishing on South Africa's economy / Leenke Schraader." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15540.
Full textLLM (Import and export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
Carrillo, Nicole Amber. "Assessing Morphometric and Otolith Measurements of Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, to Characterize a Recreational Headboat Fishing in the Gulf of Mexico's Exclusive Economic Zone." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149315.
Full textYeh, Kuang-hui, and 葉光輝. "Studies on the problems of temporary enforcement line at the exclusive economic zone- A case study of the overlapping marine area between Taiwan and Japan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q3y2k8.
Full text國立中山大學
海洋事務研究所
96
Since the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) became effective in 1994, many coastal countries have claimed the area within 200 nautical miles as their exclusive economic maritime space in succession. Taiwan promulgated the “Convention for the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone” and “Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf Law” on January 21, 1998, and claimed the sea area within 200 nautical miles as the exclusive economic zone. However, this has overlapped with countries such as Japan, Philippines, and China, In addition to the rigorous cross-strait situation that leads to impossibility of negotiating the boundary, and the diplomatic predicament for Taiwan to deal with Japan and Philippines under the pressure from China. These have made Taiwan for not being able to negotiate the delimitation line according to the codes as stated in Article 74 of the UNCLOS,and stranded in sovereign rights to claim and maintain the exclusive economic zone. Thus, Taiwan has not been able to announce the delimitation line of its exclusive economic zone. The northern area of Taiwan to the East Sea and the Diaoyutai Archipelago of the northeast Taiwan have involved the disputes of overlapping maritime space, and the controversy in the territorial sovereignty. As a result of there disputes, the problem is worsen and complicated further along with the problems of fishing rights between Taiwan and Japan. The incidence of fishing boats of Taiwan expelled by Japan vessels in Diaoyutai had made the fishermen in furious about the situation and condemnation of their government for not protecting the rights of the fisher. However, the overlapping exclusive economic zone and inability to negotiate the delimitation line, Taiwan is unable to maintain its fishing rights as a nation. To solve this problem, the government had established the first “temporary enforcement line” for the exclusive economic zone based on “equitable principle” on November 7, 2003. This is to provide a safe fishing ground for Taiwanese fishermen and to gain a jurisdiction on maritime authorities. Japan also delimited the “middle line” in the overlapping sea area of Daioyutai based on the “equidistance principle”. The delimitation by Japan and Taiwan was not yet verified by both countries. These are only claimed under our own stands. The announcement of the “temporary enforcement line” has solved some problems, although disputes still exist. In dispites of this, there were occurrences of confrontation between both parties. Fortunately there are no major conflicts as a result of self-control manner. This study present that there are practical problems which need to be solved even after the establishment of the “temporary enforcement line”, although these should be dealt with according to the UNCLOS and faces stringent diplomatic predicament. It is very difficult to negotiate and solve the delimitation problem at present time. However, given more time with clear objectives and endless efforts, there would be hopes in resolving the problem of maritime rights in the future.
Chen, Ting, and 陳婷. "The Philippines\' Maritime Law Enforcement Measures And It\'s Impact on The Republic Of China\'s Marine Policy: A Case Study of the Exclusive Economic Zone Disputes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2mv7q9.
Full text國立政治大學
國家安全與大陸研究碩士在職專班
107
In order to respond to territorial sovereignty and conflicts of sea rights from the outside and internal security issues such as armed conflict and terrorism, the Republic of the Philippines actively seeks maritime cooperation with the United States, Japan, China, Russia and South Korea and acquires equipment such as boats, aircraft, weapons and ammunition by purchasing or lending from those countries so that the Republic of the Philippines can enhance its maritime and air cruise energy and strengthen maritime law enforcement and national defense security effectiveness. Because the Republic of China is geographically close to the Republic of the Philippines, the exclusive economic zone advocated by the two sides overlaps; this leads to continual disputes over sea rights and affects the rights of fishermen in the Republic of China. In order to establish its claim, the Philippines further adopted the Archipelago Baseline Act. and officially put the Karajan Islands into national jurisdiction which conflicts with the Republic of China South China Sea claims. The sovereignty dispute in the Spratly Islands arises. The move that the Republic of the Philippines revises domestic law and enhances national defense security capability has caused protests from China, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and other neighboring countries. Sovereignty, fishing rights and regional security also arises.
Rožnovská, Veronika. "Územní spory v Jihočínském moři." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389434.
Full textHuang, Jyun-Li, and 黃君立. "A study on how the coast guard organization reinforces the fishing protection job through stakeholders analysis-take the fishing protection action of temporary enforcement line of the Taiwan-Japan overlapping exclusive economic zone as an example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ub5t9.
Full text長榮大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
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Taiwan, surrounded by sea, adjoins the waters of neighboring countries with great overlaps in Exclusive Economic Zone. Since it’s failed to negotiate with other countries to define the line, disputes on sea then occurred unceasingly. Taiwan’s fishing vessels operate in the Exclusive Economic Zone claimed by Japan frequently suffer monitoring, expelling, or detaining. With discontentedness accumulated for a long time, fishermen petition the government for fishing protection to guarantee their fishing rights in Taiwan-Japan overlapping waters. This study attempts to collect project-stakeholders’ opinions from their viewpoints to formulate fishing protection policy and therefore promote fishing protection efficiency. As for problems concerning politics, sovereignty, geography, economy, and fishery resource are not within the research scope herein. Therefore, this study intends to: (1) promote fishing protection efficiency through drafting fishing protection action countermeasures based on the analysis of project-stakeholders’ viewpoints, and (2) establish the model of fishing protection countermeasures formulation for associated units to follow and institute fishing protection countermeasures applied in different economic waters to indeed achieve the efficiency of fishing protection. “Fishing Protection Action Countermeasures Formulation Model (Exhibit 3-1 & Schedule 3-1)” established herein has been successfully organized and arranged to “Conclusions of Important Fishing Protection Action Countermeasures (as Schedule 5-1),” and therefore the usability of this model is verified. With the operation of Fishing Protection Action Countermeasures Formulation Model (Exhibit 3-1 & Schedule 3-1), fishing protection units can afterwards refer to the “Fishing Protection Action Countermeasures Formulation Model” of significant value while formulating and planning fishing protection action countermeasures implemented in any other waters. In conclusion, “Fishing Protection Action Countermeasures Formulation Model (Exhibit 3-1 & Schedule 3-1)” established herein is only the initial outcome. In the light of the complete of entire fishing protection action countermeasures and planning model, circulation model of continuous improvement as shown in Exhibit 5-1 is hereby suggested as the direction to improve fishing protection action countermeasures formulation model in the next phase.
Lozano, Pedro Jorge Pestana. "Forçamento atmosférico de larga escala do clima de agitação marítima na zona económica exclusiva Portuguesa." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/12636.
Full textThis thesis, entitled “Large scale atmospheric forcing of the wave climate at the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone” studies the relationship between the wave climate at the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and the large scale atmospheric circulation. Using data from buoy observations, available at the portuguese Navy’s Hidrographic Institute, from 1990 to 2012, a first analysis of the wave climate near the continental Portuguese coast (offshore Leixões, Sines and Faro) and its relationship with the large scale atmospheric forcing, represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, is carried on. Then, the wave climate is studied in the all Portuguese EEZ, with the use of wave reanalysis data (ERA-Interim), from 1979 to 2010. It is shown that, in the Portuguese EEZ, the wave climate is affected by the large scale atmospheric circulation, and that NAO is more influent in the wave climate during the winter months, rather than in the summer. The results from buoys allow us to conclude that mean values, from the most representative wave parameters (significant wave height, mean period, peak period and mean wave direction), at a positive NAO phase, are generally higher and from northern sectors, comparatively to the ones found at a negative NAO phase. In the winter, these values are higher at the positive NAO phase and lower during the negative NAO phase. In the summer, they are usually higher during the negative NAO phase and lower during positive NAO phase. In what respects to wave parameters variability, it is shown that it is greater during autumn and winter, and increases when the latitude is superior. Regarding extreme values these are higher when the latitude increases and peak in the winter. On the other hand, when at low latitude, the extreme values are no longer associated to a positive NAO phase, being associated to a negative NAO phase. The results from reanalysis data allowed us to conclude that NAO is more influent during winter months, rather than during the summer. Still, in the winter, parameters values are, on average, higher during positive NAO phase, and lower during negative NAO phase. In the summer, NAO influence is not so much perceptible.
Pereira, Pedro Vieira Sales. "Sistema de informação sobre os limites marítimos do mundo." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2335.
Full textA exploração dos recursos vivos e não vivos no mar tem vindo a aumentar de ano para ano, não só devido às tecnologias emergentes, como também ao crescente interesse por parte das sociedades pelo litoral. Na verdade, são cerca de 140 milhões de milhas náuticas quadradas de mar que cobrem o Planeta Terra, o que corresponde a mais de 70% da sua superfície disponível para exploração. Assim, se justifica o grande interesse internacional em criar regras universais de conduta no mar, originando a Lei Internacional do Mar. Após ter passado por várias fases de desenvolvimento, a actual lei incide sobre os direitos e deveres do cada Estado em relação aos mares e oceanos. O principal objectivo deste projecto é identificar os países e quantificar as áreas incluídas nos seus limites marítimos, obtendo-se assim, com o auxílio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, uma estimativa de valores e um ranking das áreas do Mar Territorial e da Zona Económica Exclusiva para cada um dos países. De acordo com os dados obtidos, Portugal (incluindo as ilhas) apresenta uma área de Mar Territorial de 44.531km2 encontrando-se na 42ª posição. Em relação à ZEE nacional, esta conta com 1.680.339km2 ficando Portugal na 19ª posição.
Valková, Irena. "Využití systémového přístupu k analýze geopolitického významu transhraničního politického regionu - příklad Arktidy." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352104.
Full textJosé, Pedro Quartin Graça Simão. "A importância das ilhas no quadro das políticas e do direito do mar: o caso das Selvagens." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8802.
Full textThis draft of a doctoral dissertation in Public Policies holds the following title: "The importance of the islands under the international policy context and the international law of the sea - the case of the ―Ilhas Selvagens‖" and thus it is focused on the study of public policy and also on the legal framework applicable to this subject, and this in a dual perspective: on one hand, in order to understand and to explain the birth and evolution of a separate regime of islands in general in politics and under the international law, through the peculiarity of its regime regarding to the general regime of others maritime areas; and in the other hand to discern the political, legal and geographic situation of the Portuguese islands (Ilhas Selvagens) under the Portuguese Legal Framework and the international law in general, particularly on the diplomatic relationships set between Portugal and Spain. This is the main goal on the present work. The ―Ilhas Selvagens‖, or the Selvagens archipelago, according our choice of naming them, are located on the Atlantic Ocean, among the Portuguese Island of Madeira and the Spanish islands Canarias, regarding to whom they are physically nearer. This fact, I mean the closest distance between Selvagens and the Spanish island of Tenerife, brought, since the early years of the last century, by Spain, doubts as to ownership and sovereignty of that archipelago. Even though the Committee of Maritime International law (CDMI) denied in a document from 1938, the importance of the geographic nearby between islands as a criteria to set the sovereignty over the mentioned islands, it is indeed a reality that some diplomatic incidents have had place between the two countries – Portugal and Spain- caused by the breaches to the Portuguese territorial waters by Spanish fishing ships and also by the Spanish Air Force planes. The territorial claims of Spain on the Ilhas Selvagens is officially dated 1911, the year it was sent a Spanish diplomatic message to this purpose. Still, Spain understands that Selvagens remain as part of the Spanish archipelago, the Canarias. By the contrary, Portugal, refuting this thesis, and also in an official document, informed Spain of its sovereignty over the islands. Ilhas Selvagens holds a great importance to both Iberian countries concerning its legal international qualification as an archipelago, the delimitation of maritime zones‘ and in particular the issue of the current exclusive economic zone of the 200 miles and the riches that exist in those waters. But also, regarding history, in matters of military defense, in NATO commitments, among others, it‘s great the importance of Ilhas Selvagens. This is a subject which solution has not been found so far once, because of the Selvagens, some problems on international legal harmonization still persist regarding the Exclusive Economic Zone (E.E.Z.) of Portugal and Spain.
Bančanský, Andrej. "Rozdíly v řešení sporů o námořní teritoria v oblastech s energetickými surovinami." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337397.
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