Academic literature on the topic 'Brass founders'

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of the military musician, conductor of the brass band of the Chernihiv Higher Military Aviation College of Pilots, one of the founders of the modern orchestral culture of the Chernihiv region, Major Gryhory Borysovych Kunkin (1927–2009) in the context of the development of military music of Chernihiv region, his contribution to the formation of regional cultural space of the second half of 20th century. The author examines the life of G. Kunkin against the background of the development of the military-musical performance of the Chernihiv region. The methodology is based on historical-chronological, source-study, logical-generalizing, and comparative methods for elucidating the chronology of the development of military musical art of Chernihiv region of the 20th century, the study of G. Kunkin's creative biography, and generalization of information about military conductors of Chernihiv region – his contemporaries, memoirs of G. Kunkin's colleagues, identification of factors influencing his work on the development of the cultural space of Chernihiv region. The scientific novelty of the publication lies in the first domestic musicology study of the life of G. Kunkin as one of the prominent figures of the military-musical culture of the Chernihiv region. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that G. Kunkin during his career as a military conductor had a significant impact on the development of the military and musical culture of the Chernihiv region. With his activity he revived the regional military-musical life, outlined the main directions of its further development, which were realized in the works of military conductors of Chernihiv region at the beginning of the 21 century; G. Kunkin's concert activity of the military brass band popularized the brass art among the population of the region and, as a result, conditioned the social demand for learning to play wind instruments, intensifying the activity in this direction in art schools of Chernihiv region and music college named after L. Revytsky. The successful combination of musical experience, personal qualities, and organizational abilities allowed G. Kunkin to make a significant contribution to the potential of the spiritual culture of the Chernihiv region, which is worthily presented in Ukraine and abroad by military brass bands of the region.

We present a framework for expressing bottom-up algorithms to compute the well-founded model of non-disjunctive logic programs. Our method is based on the notion of conditional facts and elementary program transformations studied by BRASS and DIX (Brass and Dix, 1994; Brass and Dix, 1999) for disjunctive programs. However, even if we restrict their framework to nondisjunctive programs, their ‘residual program’ can grow to exponential size, whereas for function-free programs our ‘program remainder’ is always polynomial in the size of the extensional database (EDB). We show that particular orderings of our transformations (we call them strategies) correspond to well-known computational methods like the alternating fixpoint approach (Van Gelder, 1989; Van Gelder, 1993), the well-founded magic sets method (Kemp et al., 1995) and the magic alternating fixpoint procedure (Morishita, 1996). However, due to the confluence of our calculi (first noted in Brass and Dix, 1998), we come up with computations of the well-founded model that are provably better than these methods. In contrast to other approaches, our transformation method treats magic set transformed programs correctly, i.e. it always computes a relevant part of the well-founded model of the original program. These results show that our approach is a valuable tool to analyze, compare, and optimize existing evaluation methods or to create new strategies that are automatically proven to be correct if they can be described by a sequence of transformations in our framework. We have also developed a prototypical implementation. Experiments illustrate that the theoretical results carry over to the implemented prototype and may be used to optimize real life systems.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) brass foundry in Ngawen Sidokarto, District of Godean, Sleman, Yogyakarta mostly produced cow necklace accessories (klonthong) and jathilan accessories (klinthing). Te industry and business management are arranged within the scope of family. Te products are relatively low in quality and its market share is limited and tend to be traditional. Tis condition is caused by the weak knowledge of the management and the method of casting metals and metal science. Brass casting methode, that was used at IKM partner, is casting with mold of sand or soil. Tis process requires the making process of sand molds, that is removed afer the brass solidify. For large quantities products, this process is inefcient and takes a long time. It would require a more efcient and faster method in the production process. Method of sand casting and ceramics have been used by SMEs cast brass in Yogyakarta, however it has many disadvantages in terms of increased productivity and quality as well as the expansion of product applications. Te permanent mold casting of iron is a casting method which has many advantages over other methods, but the use for SMEs has not been applied in the SME of cast brass. Te permanen mold casting methods was introduced to SME partners. Tis replaces the sand mold materials and molding sand. It is expected the casting process is faster because the mold can be used for a large number of products. Te results show that the application of the technology results in products with precision and consistent in shape and size. Community Service of UGM with Appropriate Technology has also collaborated with Industry and Trade service of Yogyakarta donation of production machinery for making permanent mold. It can be concluded that the application of permanen mold in the brass foundry industry improve the product precision and the speed of produsction.

Effect of bismuth on the microstructure and performance of Cu-Se-Bi brass were studied. The microstructure analysis and fracture observation indicated that the content of bismuth has obvious effect on the foundry property of Cu-Se-Bi brass. The bismuth distributes on the boundary of α and β phrase and when the content of bismuth is below 1.0wt%,bismuth freezes on the phrase boundary in form of granule; when the content of bismuth amounts to 2.0wt%,bismuth presents in form of blocks; while when the content of bismuth is beyond 2.5wt%,bismuth lies on the phrase boundary in form of continuous films. The solidification mechanism of bismuth in Cu-Se-Bi brass was discussed through the thermodynamics analysis.

The article presents the results of a research of the chemical composition of brass foundry grade LS, supplied by domestic and foreign producers, as well as the chemical composition of brass lead grade LC4C used for the manufacture of stop valves. The research was made with use of optical emission spectrometers of various models and a scanning microscope. It was established that the pig delivered by the domestic producers corresponds to parameters of chemical composition for the pig’s foundry brand LS, while in the pig supplied by foreign producers there were found disparities of the chemical composition of certain basic elements. The results of the studies showed that the pig supplied by all producers, as well as the melt obtained with its use, contain in its composition such harmful impurities as S, Bi and P in the amount of 0.001%, 0.0017% and 0.0045%, respectively, that can lead to a decrease in the technological properties of products. It has been established that the use of ARL 3460 and OBLF-QSW 750 emission spectrometers and the Tescan VEGA II LMU scanning electron microscope makes it possible to obtain practically identical values of the content of the main elements and impurities in pigs of foundry and brass lead grade LC40C in studies on determining the chemical composition of the materials under study.

Thermal deformation process of H62 brass is studied, multi-scale simulations of macro-forming property and microstructure distribution are carried out for the hot-extrusion process of double cups part with flange utilizing numerical simulation technology, the process parameters are determined and the microstructure of extruded parts is predicted. The constitutive equation of H62 brass under high temperature deformation is established with isothermal compression test, and the results indicate that the flow stress accords to Arrhenius hyperbolic sine functions. The model of microstructure evolution during hot-deformation is founded and the influence of process parameters on microstructure is revealed. The microstructure prediction on extruded part shows that the simulated results agree well with the experimental results. The high-quality products are obtained using the optimal process parameters.

Mestrado em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais
Este estágio curricular foi realizado na empresa Grohe Portugal – Indústria de Componentes Sanitários S.A, localizada na zona industrial do Areeiro (Albergaria-a-Velha), distrito de Aveiro. A empresa Grohe foi fundada na Alemanha no século XX com o objetivo de produzir torneiras. Atualmente, a Grohe é reconhecida como a maior produtora de componentes sanitários da Europa, bem como pela qualidade dos seus processos produtivos e eficiência do sistema logístico e entrega de produtos. A nível de processos produtivos, a Grohe está dividida em cinco departamentos: Fundição, Maquinagem, lixamento e polimento, Galvânica e Montagem. O departamento da Fundição, por sua vez, é constituído pela Fusão Central, Vazamento por Gravidade, Vazamento por Baixa Pressão e pela Macharia. Este trabalho teve como objetivos principais a caracterização microestrutural das três ligas de cobre de baixo teor de chumbo que a Grohe produz e identificação de possíveis origens dos defeitos mais comuns nestas ligas, sobretudo no Vazamento por Baixa Pressão. A Grohe prepara e controla quimicamente as suas próprias composições de latão num forno central de fusão, compostas maioritariamente por cobre e zinco (60% Cu, 40% Zn) e por pequenas adições de outros elementos de liga. Foi feita uma caracterização microstrutural às três ligas por microscopia ótica. Os materiais envolvidos no processo de vazamento como os revestimentos cerâmicos dos moldes, os filtros cerâmicos utilizados, a escória resultante do processo como também o tubo de vazamento constituinte da máquina de vazamento por baixa pressão foram submetidos a uma caracterização química por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento e difração de raios-X. Realizou-se uma análise química e microestrutural por SEM/EDS às inclusões presentes em sucata de torneiras de latão. As microestruturas das três ligas fabricadas em Grohe apresentam diferenças significativas. O latão Grohe 0 com o menor teor de Zn e a menor quantidade de elementos afinadores de grão tem uma morfologia do tipo de Widmanstatten com placas grandes de fase α (97 μm x 17 μm) e a fase β presente entre os grãos de fase α. O latão Grohe 0 Light é uma liga hiperperitética com fase α na forma de agulhas finas (24 μm x 3 μm) no seio dos grãos-mãe β e ao longo dos seus limites de grão. A microestrutura da liga DZR consiste numa morfologia equiaxial mais fina (16 μm) de grãos de α numa matriz de β devido à maior quantidade de afinadores de grão e teor intermédio de Zn. O maior tamanho de grão do latão Grohe 0 explica por que este tem uma dureza menor (HRB 39) do que as ligas Grohe 0 Light e DZR (HRB 59), com microestruturas mais finas. Os resultados da análise SEM/EDS aos defeitos da liga de latão Grohe 0 permitiram a sua divisão em quatro classes: (1) Defeitos ricos em Al, Si e O, tendo como possível origem o revestimento cerâmico BC11; (2) defeitos ricos em Al, Si, O e Pb, uma fase vítrea com origens no revestimento cerâmico ou em sucata reciclada; (3) defeitos ricos em Si e O, tendo como fontes prováveis a escória, partículas dos filtros cerâmicos ou sucata com restos de filtros cerâmicos, revestimento BC 15 ou mesmo areia dos machos; (4) defeitos ricos em Fe, Cr, V e Mo, muito provavelmente resultado de uma contaminação pontual com uma ferramenta fraturada usada para o processamento de matérias-primas.
This work was done at Grohe Portugal – Sanitary Components S.A, located in the industrial zone in Albergaria-a-Velha, district of Aveiro. This company was founded in Germany in the 20th century with the goal of manufacturing faucets for sanitary industries. At present time, Grohe is distinguished as the largest manufacturer of sanitary components in Europe, as well as by the quality in their productive processes and efficiency of their logistics system and product delivery. In terms of productive processes, Grohe has five departments: Foundry, Machining, Surface sanding and polishing, Galvanic and Assembly. In the foundry unit there is a central melting, sand core processing, two gravity casting units and six low pressure die casting machines. The copper-beryllium molds are manufactured in the company. The work was based on the characterization of three low lead brass alloys that the industry produces and possible sources of defects. Since Grohe owns their own central melting station, where the manufactured brass is made primarily of copper and zinc (60% Cu, 40% Zn), the company does not buy previously fabricated brass for the casting process, this means there is total control of the content of the alloys. Ultimately, this work aims in characterizing brass alloys at microstructural level, the presence of defects (pores or inclusions) and the study of the alloys that originate the larger amount of wastes. A preliminary microstructural characterization was performed on the three brasses by optical microscopy. The materials involved during the processing of casting such as ceramic coatings, ceramic filters, produced slag, as well as the riser tube in the low-pressure die casting machine, were submitted to a chemical characterization by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A chemical analysis was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on specimens of inclusions detected in waste of brass faucets. The microstructures of the three alloys manufactured in Grohe are markedly different. Grohe 0 brass with lowest Zn content and smallest amount of grain refining elements has a coarse Widmanstatten structure (97 μm length x 17 μm width) with the β phase present in the periphery of the plate-like α grains. Grohe 0 Light is a hyperperitectic alloy with a finer needle-like α phase (24 μm length x 3 μm width) inside the β mother grains and along their grain boundaries. The microstructure of the DZR composition consists of a finer equiaxed morphology (16 μm) of α grains in a β matrix due to the larger amounts of grain refining elements and intermediate Zn content. The coarseness of the microstructure of the Grohe 0 brass differences explains why it has a lower hardness (HRB 39) than Grohe 0 Light and DZR brasses (HRB 59). SEM/EDS analysis of the defects of the brass alloy Grohe 0 allowed their division into four different classes: (1) Defects rich in Al, Si and O, having as a possible origin the ceramic coating BC11; (2) defects rich in Al, Si, O and Pb, a vitreous phase with origins in the ceramic coating or from recycled scrap materials; (3) defects rich in Si and O, having as likely sources the slag, particles from the ceramic filters or scraps with ceramic filters, the ceramic coating BC 15 or even sand from the cores and (4) defects rich in Fe, Cr, V and Mo, extemporaneous, and most likely a contamination from a fractured tool used in the processing of raw materials.

This chapter discusses the European influences on Surinamese music and provides a survey of the most important classical music composers as well as detailing the music of military and police brass bands, church choirs, and bazuinkoor ensembles that played music with heavy European influences. European classical music in Suriname was mainly influenced by German composers, and predominately Johannes Sebastian Bach. The most plausible explanation for this can be found in the largest European religious denomination in Suriname the Protestant church founded by Moravian missionaries. Another influence stems from English church music that dates to the time of English rule. English hymns that together with German chorales that were played by the bazuinkoor (choir of trumpets) small ensembles of brass instruments, ended up becoming vehicles for the composer’s repertoire. The earliest songs were almost purely European, but gradually evolved to incorporate popular local rhythmic patterns to become part of compositions.