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1

Reis, Nelson Joaquim, Serge Nadeau, Leda Maria Fraga, Leandro Menezes Betiollo, Maria Telma Lins Faraco, Jimmy Reece, Deokumar Lachhman, and Randy Ault. "Stratigraphy of the Roraima Supergroup along the Brazil-Guyana border in the Guiana shield, Northern Amazonian Craton - results of the Brazil-Guyana Geology and Geodiversity Mapping Project." Brazilian Journal of Geology 47, no. 1 (January 2017): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-4889201720160139.

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ABSTRACT: The Geological and Geodiversity Mapping binational program along the Brazil-Guyana border zone allowed reviewing and integrating the stratigraphy and nomenclature of the Roraima Supergroup along the Pakaraima Sedimentary Block present in northeastern Brazil and western Guyana. The area mapped corresponds to a buffer zone of approximately 25 km in width on both sides of the border, of a region extending along the Maú-Ireng River between Mount Roraima (the triple-border region) and Mutum Village in Brazil and Monkey Mountain in Guyana. The south border of the Roraima basin is overlain exclusively by effusive and volcaniclastic rocks of the Surumu Group of Brazil and its correlated equivalent the Burro-Burro Group of Guyana.
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Braun, Michael J., Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Isler, John M. Bates, and Mark B. Robbins. "Avian Speciation in the Pantepui: The Case of the Roraiman Antbird (Percnostola [Schistocichla] “Leucostigma” Saturata)." Condor 107, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.327.

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AbstractWe document the first records for Guyana of Roraiman Antbird (Percnostola [Schistocichla] “leucostigma” saturata), an endemic of the tepui highlands of southeastern Venezuela, northern Brazil and western Guyana. This form is well differentiated from nominate leucostigma (Spot-winged Antbird) of the Guianan lowlands in morphology, vocalizations, and genetics, and replaces it both altitudinally and ecologically. The two taxa are distributed parapatrically on the continuously forested northeastern slopes of the eastern tepuis, and they almost certainly come into contact, yet there is no evidence of intermediacy. We recommend that saturata be treated as a distinct species of Percnostola, and consider its' origin in the light of various models of speciation in the tepuis.Especiación de Aves en el Pantepui: El Caso de Percnostola (Schistocichla) “leucostigma” saturataResumen. En este trabajo documentamos los primeros registros para Guyana de Percnostola (Schistocichla) “leucostigma” saturata, un hormiguero endémico de las montañas del sureste de Venezuela, norte de Brazil y oeste de Guyana. Esta forma se diferencia notablemente en morfología, vocalizaciones y genética de P. l. leucostigma, presente en las tierras bajas de las Guyanas, y la reemplaza altitudinal y ecológicamente. Los dos taxa tienen distribuciones parapátricas en los bosques continuos de las laderas noreste de los tepuis del este, y casi con seguridad están en contacto, aunque no hay señales de hibridización. Recomendamos que saturata sea tratada como una especie distinta de Percnostola, y discutimos su origen considerando varios modelos de especiación en los tepuis.
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Girón, Jennifer C., and Andrew Edward Z. Short. "Three additional new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from the Guiana and Brazilian Shield regions of South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." ZooKeys 855 (June 13, 2019): 109–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.855.33013.

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Recent study of the water scavenger beetle subfamily Acidocerinae in the Neotropical region has uncovered numerous undescribed species that are not able to be placed in existing genera. Here, we describe three new genera to accommodate 17 of these new species from South America: Aulonocharesgen. nov. for Aulonochareslingulatussp. nov. (French Guiana, Suriname), Aulonocharesnovoairensissp. nov. (Brazil), and Aulonocharestubulussp. nov. (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela); Ephydrolithusgen. nov. for Ephydrolithushamadaesp. nov. (Brazil), Ephydrolithusminorsp. nov. (Brazil), Ephydrolithusogmossp. nov. (Brazil), Ephydrolithusspiculatussp. nov. (Brazil), and Ephydrolithustelisp. nov. (Brazil); and Primocerusgen. nov. for Primoceruscuspidissp. nov. (Venezuela), Primocerusgigassp. nov. (Venezuela), Primocerusneutrumsp. nov. (Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela), Primocerusocellatussp. nov. (Venezuela), Primoceruspetilussp. nov. (Brazil), Primoceruspijiguaensesp. nov. (Venezuela), Primocerusmaipuresp. nov. (Venezuela), Primocerussemipubescenssp. nov. (Guyana), and Primocerusstriatolatussp. nov. (Suriname). The genus Ephydrolithusgen. nov. is currently known to be restricted to seepages in the mountainous regions of the Brazilian Shield. Aulonocharesgen. nov. and Primocerusgen. nov. are both currently only known from the Guiana Shield, though widespread in that region where they are associated with streams and seeps. We present differential diagnoses, maps, habitat details, and illustrations of all new genera and species here described.
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Maslovsky, Alexey. "Gold deposits ot the Guiana shield." Ores and metals, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2020-10023.

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The article provides a comparative analysis of Guyana and Venezuela major deposits within the Quartzstone ore field (Guyana). From the northwest to the southeast (from Venezuela to Brazil), more than 10 ore gold deposits are currently known, their total resources (including previous production) exceed 2,600 tons of gold (excluding the Amapari and Salamangoni deposits in Brazil). Almost all of Guyana deposits are confined to the Lower Proterozoic greenstone belts of the Guiana shield identified and explored for the past 15–20 years. The geological features of the largest deposits (Omay, Aurora, Toroparu, Tassawini and Monosi) are presented in the article.
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Smith, Rachel R., and Andrew Edward Z. Short. "Review of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 of northeastern South America with an emphasis on Venezuela, Suriname, and Guyana (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." ZooKeys 934 (May 19, 2020): 25–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.934.49359.

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The water scavenger beetle genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 is reviewed in northeastern South America using an integrative approach that combines adult morphology and molecular data from the gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Eighteen new species are described: Chasmogenus acuminatussp. nov. (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname), C. ampliussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. berbicensissp. nov. (Guyana), C. brownsbergensissp. nov. (Suriname), C. castaneussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. clavijoisp. nov. (Venezuela), C. cuspifersp. nov. (Venezuela), C. flavomarginatussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. gatosp. nov. (Venezuela), C. guianensissp. nov. (Suriname, Guyana), C. ignotussp. nov. (Brazil), C. ligulatussp. nov. (Suriname), C. lineatussp. nov. (Venezuela), C. pandussp. nov. (Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname), C. schmitssp. nov. (Suriname), C. sinnamarensissp. nov. (French Guiana), C. tafelbergensissp. nov. (Suriname), and C. undulatussp. nov. (Guyana). We found genetic support for an additional new species in Guyana which is currently only known from females that we refer to as Chasmogenus sp. C. We examined the holotypes of the four species previously known from the region, and found that C. occidentalis García syn. nov. and C. yukparum García syn. nov. are conspecific with C. bariorum García, 2000 and are synonymized with that species, which is here redescribed. We redescribe C. australis García and expand the range of this species to include northern Brazil, Guyana, and French Guiana. All species are aquatic, with most being associated with forested streams and forest pools. Of the 21 species, more than half (11) are only known from a single locality indicating the genus may have many more micro-endemic species yet to be discovered in the region. Characters of the male genitalia are essential for confirming the identity of some species, consequently it is not always possible to make positive identifications of unassociated female specimens based on morphology alone. Habitus images are provided as well as a revised key to the genus for northeastern South America.
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Passos, Maria Inês Da Silva dos, André Silva Fernandes, Neusa Hamada, and Jorge Luiz Nessimian. "Insecta, Coleoptera, Elmidae, Amazon region." Check List 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.4.538.

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A list of Elmidae species from Amazon is presented. The list was prepared based on a literature survey and examination of the entomological collection of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). The list includes 102 species, with ten new occurrences recorded, being one for the Amazon (which includes areas of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, French Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela) three for the Amazonas state, and six for other localities in Brazil. Reports about species bibliography contents were also included, as well as available species municipalities distributional data.
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7

Girón, Jennifer C., and Andrew Edward Z. Short. "Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)." ZooKeys 768 (June 19, 2018): 113–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.

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Recent collecting efforts in the Neotropics have led to the discovery of numerous new species and lineages of aquatic beetles. Here, three new genera are described to accommodate fifteen new species of water scavenger beetles of the subfamily Acidocerinae from northern South America:Crucisternumgen. n.forC.escalerasp. n.(Venezuela),C.ouboterisp. n.(Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela),C.queneyisp. n.(French Guiana),C.sinuatussp. n.(Brazil),C.toboganensissp. n.(Venezuela),C.vanessaesp. n.(Suriname), andC.xingusp. n.(Brazil);Katasophistesgen. n. forK.charynaesp. n.(Peru),K.cuzcosp. n.(Peru),K.meridasp. n.(Venezuela) andK.superficialissp. n.(Ecuador); andNanosaphesgen. n.forN.castaneussp. n.(Brazil),N.hesperussp. n.(Suriname),N.punctatussp. n.(Guyana), andN.tricolorsp. n.(Guyana, Suriname). It was also found that the monotypic Neotropical endemic genusDieroxenusSpangler, 1979,syn. n.is congeneric withChasmogenusSharp, 1882 resulting in the single new combinationChasmogenuscremnobates(Spangler, 1979),comb. n..Katasophistesmeridasp. n.is known exclusively from seepage habitats, while the remaining taxa described herein are primarily associated with the margins of densely forested streams. Diagnoses, illustrations, distribution maps, and habitat summaries are provided for all new genera and species. A key to the genera of Acidocerinae of the New World is provided.
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8

Lipińska, Monika, and Dariusz L. Szlachetko. "Christensonella ecallosasp. nov. (Orchidaceae, Maxillariinae) from Guyana and Brazil." Nordic Journal of Botany 35, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/njb.01355.

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9

CHAMORRO, MARIA LOURDES, and RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL. "Taxonomy and phylogeny of New World Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea: Polycentropodidae) with the description of 39 new species." Zootaxa 2582, no. 1 (August 31, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2582.1.1.

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The taxonomy of the New World species of Polyplectropus (Ulmer, 1905a) is revised to include detailed male and female diagnoses, descriptions, illustrations, distribution records, and keys to males of all species and species groups. A phylogenetic analysis based on 59 morphological characters, 89 of 92 (97%) New World Polyplectropus species, and 2 outgroup taxa was inferred using parsimony and Bayesian methods, which resulted in minor topological differences. Conflicting estimates of relationship among and within most species groups led to a less resolved Bayesian tree (vs. parsimony tree) due to high variation in rates of change among characters and an overall low number of characters. A new classification for New World Polyplectropus is proposed with revised characterization of 10 recognized species groups, 6 newly established. Four species remain unassigned to species group. A key to genera of New World Polycentropodidae, including a redescription of Polyplectropus is provided. The homology of the male genitalia of Polyplectropus is discussed. Ninety-two species are treated. The following 39 new species are described: Polyplectropus adamsae (Peru), P. alatespinus (Brazil), P. amazonicus (Brazil), P. andinensis (Argentina, Bolivia), P. blahniki (Venezuela), P. bolivianus (Bolivia), P. brasilensis (Brazil), P. brborichorum (Ecuador), P. cressae (Venezuela), P. colombianus (Colombia), P. corniculatus (Peru), P. cuzcoensis (Peru), P. ecuadoriensis (Ecuador), P. flintorum (Venezuela), P. gaesum (Brazil), P. guyanae (Guyana, Venezuela), P. hollyae (Brazil), P. hystricosus (Brazil), P. insularis (Panama), P. juliae (Brazil), P. kanukarum (Guyana), P. maculatus (Venezuela), P. manuensis (Peru), P. matatlanticus (Brazil), P. minensium (Brazil), P. novafriburgensis (Brazil), P. peruvianus (Peru), P. petrae (Brazil), P. pratherae (Brazil), P. puyoensis (Ecuador), P. robertsonae (Bolivia), P. rodmani (Brazil), P. rondoniensis (Brazil), P. tragularius (Brazil), P. tripunctatum (Peru), P. venezolanus (Venezuela), P. woldai (Panama), P. zamoranoensis (Honduras), and P. zuliae (Venezuela). Polyplectropus buchwaldi (Ulmer, 1911) is designated as a nomen dubium.Key words: phylogeny, taxonomy, Neotropics, Nearctric, Bayesian methods, parsimony, classification, cladistics, morphology, Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae, Polyplectropus, new speciesThe polycentropodid caddisfly genus Polyplectropus Ulmer contains 219 species found primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with 125 species recorded from the Oriental biogeographic region, 53 from the Neotropical region (6 species extending their ranges into the Nearctic region), 37 from the
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10

COHEN, SIMONE C., and ANNA KOHN. "South American Monogenea—list of species, hosts and geographical distribution from 1997 to 2008." Zootaxa 1924, no. 1 (November 5, 2008): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1924.1.1.

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A list of 135 monogenean species is presented updating the papers published by Kohn & Cohen (1989) and Kohn & Paiva (2000), increasing to 658 the number of known species in South America. After 1997, 104 monogeneans had been described as new species: 65 from Brazil, 13 from Argentina, 10 from Venezuela, 04 from Chile, two from Guyana, one from French Guyana, Peru and Uruguay each. Some species had been originally described in the same publication from more than one country: 04 from Brazil, Peru and Venezuela, two from Brazil and Peru, two from Brazil and Argentina and one from Argentina and Uruguay. More 31 known species had been reported for the first time in South America: 02 from Argentina, 24 from Brazil, one from Colombia and Brazil, one from Chile and Peru, one from Surinam and Brazil and two from Peru. It was also included in the present paper, 62 species which were already listed in Kohn & Cohen (1998) and reported after 1997 in different South American countries. From, Ecuador, Falkland, Galapagos and Paraguay none species had been reported in this period. A host-parasite list is also presented.
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Sedgley, M., and J. A. Gardner. "SOUTH AMERICA (COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA, GUYANA, SURINAME, PERU, BRAZIL, CHILE, ARGENTINA)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 250 (September 1989): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.250.4.

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Crawford, F. D., C. E. Szelewski, and G. D. Alvey. "GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION IN THE TAKUTU GRABEN OF GUYANA BRAZIL." Journal of Petroleum Geology 8, no. 1 (January 1985): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1985.tb00189.x.

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PERKINS, PHILIP D., and IGNACIO RIBERA. "Three new species and DNA sequence data of the rare South American water beetle genus Adelphydraena Perkins, 1989 (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 4858, no. 1 (September 29, 2020): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.2.

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Three new species of the very rarely collected water beetle genus Adelphydraena Perkins, 1989 are described from Brazil, Guyana, and Suriname. Illustrations of the male genitalia of the two previously known species in the genus, A. orchymonti Perkins and A. spangleri Perkins from Venezuela, are presented for the first time. High resolution digital images of the habitus of all species are given, and geographical distributions mapped. New species described are Adelphydraena amazonica n. sp. (Brazil), A. spinosa n. sp. (Guyana), and A. surinamensis n. sp. (Suriname). Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data is given for three of the five species currently known (A. orchymonti, A. spangleri, and A. amazonica). The monophyly of the genus Adelphydraena was strongly supported, but relationships between the sequenced species remain uncertain.
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Williams, Denis. "Early Pottery in the Amazon: A Correction." American Antiquity 62, no. 2 (April 1997): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282516.

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Based on submission forms and other documents deposited in the Smithsonian Institution archives on termination of the Smithsonian Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory in 1986, Anna Roosevelt argues that shell middens on the coast of Guyana and northeastern Brazil contain pottery, and that the dates support her argument that “Amazonian early pottery is the most securely dated early pottery in the New World” (1995:128). Pending publication of a detailed monograph, I maintain that the Guyana sites in question are preceramic and thus offer no support to Roosevelt's thesis.
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FELIX, MÁRCIO, and GABRIEL MEJDALANI. "Two new species of Portanini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) from Southeastern Brazil." Zootaxa 4196, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4196.3.3.

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Two new species, Portanus restingalis and Paraportanus marica, are described and illustrated from Restinga de Maricá, a sandy coastal plain in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Comparative notes on the two new species are given. Portanus youngi and Paraportanus eburatus are newly recorded from Brazil and Guyana, respectively. A checklist of all known species of Portanini with their geographic distribution is provided.
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Stauffer Viveros, Raquel, and Alexandre Salino. "Two new species of Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) from South America and taxonomic notes on similar species." Phytotaxa 239, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.1.1.

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Two new species of Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) from South America are described and illustrated: Ctenitis christensenii is endemic to southeastern Brazil and C. glandulosa occurs from southeastern to northeastern Brazil and in Guyana. An identification key and notes about the distribution, habitat and taxonomy of the new species, C. falciculata and allies are provided. Moreover, seven lectotypifications and two new synonyms are proposed.
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SHORT, ANDREW EDWARD Z., MAURICIO GARCÍA, and JENNIFER C. GIRÓN. "Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis García, 2001 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." Zootaxa 4232, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.10.

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The Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis García, 2001 is revised. Originally described from a single male specimen from southeastern Venezuela, the genus has since been found in localities across the Guiana Shield region and beyond, including Colombia, Suriname, Guyana, and Brazil. The genus is redescribed. Morphological characters and genetic data from the mitochondrial gene COI from ten populations across its range provide support for two distinct species, corresponding loosely to geography. The type species, G. hemisphericus García, is redescribed and newly recorded from Guyana, Suriname, and Brazil (Amazonas, Para). One new species is described, Globulosis flavus sp. n. from southwestern Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolivar). The genus is associated with lotic habitats, and typically found along the margins of small to medium sized streams. High-resolution habitus and aedeagal images and distribution maps for all species are provided.
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Rosa, João Willy Corrêa, José Wilson Corrêa Rosa, and Reinhardt A. Fuck. "Geophysical structures and tectonic evolution of the southern Guyana shield, Brazil." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 52 (July 2014): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2014.02.006.

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Fedón, Irene Carolina. "Liliopsida, Cyperaceae, Cephalocarpus confertus Gilly, Guyana Shield, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela." Check List 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.3.348.

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The genus Cephalocarpus (Cyperaceae), of South American distribution is represented by four species. The present work extends the distribution of Cephalocarpus cofertus Gilly based on analysis of samples from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, literature and online databases. As a result this species is reported for Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela and is removed from the endemic status for Venezuela.
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VAN SOEST, ROB W. M. "Sponges of the Guyana Shelf." Zootaxa 4217, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4217.1.1.

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Sponges collected on the Guyana Shelf, predominantly in Suriname offshore waters, by Dutch HMS ‘Snellius’ O.C.P.S. 1966, HMS ’Luymes’ O.C.P.S. II 1969, and HMS ‘Luymes’ Guyana Shelf 1970 expeditions are described in this study. Sponges were obtained by trawling, dredging or grabbing on sandy, muddy, shelly, and fossil reef bottoms at 88 stations between 19 and 681 m depth. A total of 351 samples were identified to species level, each consisting of one or more specimens of a given species from each individual station (together comprising 547 individuals and fragments). The collection yielded 119 species together belonging to all sponge classes, but in large majority are Demospongiae. All species are identified to species level, occasionally tentatively, and all are described and illustrated. A new subgenus is proposed, Tedania (Stylotedania) subgen. nov. and a previously synonymized genus, Tylosigma Topsent, 1894 is revived. Thirtysix species were found to be new to science, excluding the first Central West Atlantic record of the genus Halicnemia, not named at the species level because of lack of sufficient material. The new species erected are, in alphabetical order: Amphoriscus ancora sp. nov., Biemna rhabdotylostylota sp. nov., Callyspongia (Callyspongia) scutica sp. nov., Chelonaplysilla americana sp. nov., Cladocroce guyanensis sp. nov., Clathria (Axosuberites) riosae sp. nov., Clathria (Clathria) gomezae sp. nov., Clathria (Microciona) snelliusae sp. nov., Clathria (Thalysias) complanata sp. nov., Clathria (Thalysias) zeai sp. nov., Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) lissodendoryxoides sp. nov., Craniella crustocorticata sp. nov., Diplastrella spirastrelloides sp. nov., Epipolasis tubulata sp. nov., Erylus rhabdocoronatus sp. nov., Erylus surinamensis sp. nov., Geodia pocillum sp. nov., Geodia sulcata sp. nov., Hemiasterella camelus sp. nov., Hymedesmia (Stylopus) alcoladoi sp. nov., Hymenancora cristoboi sp. nov., Penares sineastra sp. nov., Hymerhabdia kobluki sp. nov., Leucosolenia salpinx sp. nov., Petrosia (Strongylophora) devoogdae sp. nov., Placospongia ruetzleri sp. nov., Pyloderma tropicale sp. nov., Raspailia (Parasyringella) thamnopilosa sp. nov., Raspailia (Raspailia) johnhooperi sp. nov., Sphaerotylus bouryesnaultae sp. nov., Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., Stelletta vervoorti sp. nov., Suberites crispolobatus sp. nov., Tedania (Stylotedania) folium subgen. nov. sp. nov., Timea tylasterina sp. nov., and Tylosigma ostreicola sp. nov. Two new combinations are proposed: Amphimedon nanaspiculata (Hartman, 1955) comb. nov. and Oceanapia ascidia (Schmidt, 1870) comb. nov. In addition, for two preoccupied combinations, new names, Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) barbadensis nom. nov. and Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) rowi nom. nov., are erected. The spatial distribution of the collected specimens over the Guyana Shelf was traced and the results were compared with existing information on bottom conditions. There was a convincing correlation between the location of fossil reefs and other hard substrates such as shell ridges with peaks in the occurrence of species diversity and specimen numbers. Stations made on sand and mud bottoms away from these zones of hard substrates were generally poor in species, but some were found to be rich in individuals of specialized soft bottom dwellers such as Tetilla pentatriaena, Tribrachium schmidtii, Fangophilina submersa, and Oceanapia species. The species composition of the Guyana Shelf was compared with that of neighbouring regions of the Caribbean and from North and East Brazil (Díaz in Miloslavich et al. 2010; Muricy et al. 2011). About 35% of the species encountered are widespread in the Central West Atlantic, occurring both to the north and to the south. Indications that the Guyana Shelf sponge fauna is clearly transitional are southernmost occurrences for Caribbean species (about 30%), and northernmost occurrences of Brazilian species (13%), with a high proportion (25%) of new species, which may be expected to have distributions extending to the Caribbean, to Brazil or both regions.
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KOK, PHILIPPE J. R. "A new species of Oreophrynella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pantepui region of Guyana, with notes on O. macconnelli Boulenger, 1900." Zootaxa 2071, no. 1 (April 14, 2009): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2071.1.3.

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Oreophrynella seegobini sp. nov. is described from 2088 m elevation on Maringma tepui in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana, at the Guyana-Brazil border. The new species is mainly distinguished from known congeners by small size, indistinct frontoparietal crests, prominent postorbital crests, prominent suborbital crests, well-developed webbing on hand and foot, dorsal skin minutely spiculate with scattered medium to large elevated tubercles, ventral skin anteriorly rugose with few flat granules, posteriorly tuberculate, blackish brown dorsal colour, and dark brownish orange ventral colour. Data on four specimens of O. macconnelli collected on the southeast slope of the tepui are provided.
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Rafael, José Albertino, and Jeffrey M. Cumming. "Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae): II. The pictipennis species-group." Acta Amazonica 40, no. 3 (September 2010): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672010000300023.

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All species of Macrostomus Wiedemann allied with Macrostomus pictipennis (Bezzi), are treated in the pictipennis species-group. Three currently recognized species and four new species are included, namely M. cervicicauda Smith, M. cysticercus Smith, M. manauara, sp. nov. from Brazil (Amazonas and Pará states), M. pacaraima, sp. nov. from Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas and Pará states), M. pictipennis (Bezzi), M. smithi, sp. nov. from Guyana and Brazil (Roraima State) and M. utinga, sp. nov. from Brazil (Pará State). All primary types were examined and a key to species is presented.
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NOVAES, Roberto Leonan Morim, Vinícius Cardoso CLÁUDIO, and Adriana Akemi KUNIY. "Range extension of Diclidurus scutatus (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae) to southwestern Amazonia." Acta Amazonica 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201700083.

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ABSTRACT Diclidurus scutatus is an aerial insectivore bat endemic of South America and considered rare throughout its distribution range. We present the first record of this species in Rondônia State, northern Brazil, expanding its distribution more than 1000 km into southwestern Amazonia. Including this record, D. scutatus is known for 20 localities from eight countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela), and two biomes-Amazonia and Atlantic Forest.
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24

Kment, Petr, Joe E. Eger, Jr., and David A. Rider. "Review of the Neotropical genus Rhyncholepta with descriptions of three new species-group taxa (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae)." ZooKeys 796 (November 15, 2018): 347–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.796.22517.

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The genusRhyncholeptaBergroth, 1911 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Chlorocorini) is redescribed and five species-group taxa are recognized, keyed, their diagnostic characters illustrated, and the distribution reviewed. Among the five taxa, two species and one subspecies are recognized as new:RhyncholeptagrandicallosagrandicallosaBergroth, 1911 (Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname),Rhyncholeptagrandicallosacentroamericanasubsp. n.(Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama),Rhyncholeptahenryisp. n.(French Guiana),RhyncholeptameinanderiBecker & Grazia-Vieira, 1971 (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru), andRhyncholeptawheelerisp. n.(Guyana). The structure of the male genital capsule was found to be the only reliable character for identifying species-group taxa. For this reason, a simultaneous application has been submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to set aside the non-informative female lectotype ofRhyncholeptagrandicallosagrandicallosaand replace it with the male neotype suggested herein. Based on the available label data and our field experience, most of the specimens were collected by various types of light traps in or near dense forests. Adults can be collected throughout the year.
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25

Pessoa, Edlley M., FÁBIO DE BARROS, and MARCCUS ALVES. "Orchidaceae from Viruá National Park, Roraima, Brazilian Amazon." Phytotaxa 192, no. 2 (January 9, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.192.2.1.

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Viruá National Park is located on the Guyana Shield, an area known for its high levels of biodiversity and endemism. Furthermore, the Brazilian portion of the Guyana Shield is very poorly known, so that floristic studies are needed to know the local distribution of the species. The aim of this study is to survey the species of Orchidaceae from Viruá National Park, Roraima State, Brazil. Orchidaceae are represented in the study area by 67 species and 45 genera. Epidendrum L. (9 spp.) and Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth (5 spp.) are the most diverse genera. These species comprise about 25% of the species and about 50% of the genera cited for the state of Roraima, northern Brazil, and include 19 new species records for the state. The dense forest (“terra-firme” and flooded forests) is more diverse (56 spp.) than the “campinarana” vegetation (13 spp.), and both share only a single species. Descriptions, illustrations, ecological comments, geographical distribution and an identification key are provided.
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26

RIVAS, GILSON A., CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BARRIO-AMORÓS, and PHILIPPE J. R. KOK. "Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist." Zootaxa 3211, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3211.1.1.

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We update the list of reptiles of Venezuela, reporting a total of 370 species from the country (four of these exotic), arrangedin 122 genera (one exotic), 30 families and three orders. Introduced species and dubious or erroneous records are discussed.Taxonomic, nomenclatural and distributional comments are provided when required. Considering species of probableoccurrence in the country (known to occur in Colombia, Brazil and Guyana at localities very close to the Venezuelan border) and still undescribed taxa, we estimate that the total number of species in Venezuela could exceed 400.Se actualiza la lista de reptiles de Venezuela a un total de 370 especies (cuatro de ellas exóticas), pertenecientes a 122géneros (un exótico), 30 familias y tres órdenes. Se discuten las especies introducidas, los registros dudosos o erróneos yse proporcionan comentarios taxonómicos, nomenclaturales o de distribución en casos necesarios. Después de considerarlas especies de probable presencia en el país (registros conocidos cercanos a la frontera con Colombia, Brasil y Guyana) y los taxones aun no descritos, se estima que el número total de especies en Venezuela podría superar las 400 especies.
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CONSTANTINO, REGINALDO. "A revised and geo-referenced list of type localities for termites in South America." Zootaxa 4638, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4638.3.5.

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A revised, geo-referenced, and cross-referenced list of 270 termite type localities in South America is presented. A total of 543 nominal species-group extant taxa are listed, 442 of them valid and 97 synonyms. The type-locality comprising the greatest number of nominal taxa in South America is Kartabo, Guyana (A.E. Emerson study site), with 59 taxa, followed by Cuiabá, Brazil (F. Sivestri), with 34, and Ribeirão Cascalheira, Brazil (Xavantina-Cachimbo Expedition, A.G.A. Mathews) with 26.
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28

Pontes, Rafael, and Camila Mattedi. "An unexpected record of Teratohyla midas (Lynch and Duellman, 1973) for Brazil reveals the presence of glassfrogs in the Brazilian northern lowlands (Anura: Centrolenidae)." Check List 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1590.

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We reported a new record of Teratohyla midas for Northeast Brazil and extending its distribution in 1,200km east from the nearest reported area. Additionally we constructed a distribution map based on literature records. Previously to this study, this species was known to occur in Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Brazil (states of Amazonas and Rondônia), and an isolated population in French Guyana. Also, this record represents the first for Centrolenidae in transitional forests between Cerrado and Amazon biomes.
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29

Schultz, M., B. Büdel, and S. Porembski. "Thyrea Porphyrella, a new Species of the Lichinaceae from inselbergs in tropical South America." Lichenologist 33, no. 3 (May 2001): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2000.0317.

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AbstractThe new species Thyrea porphyrella Schultz, Büdel & Porembski, in the Lichinaceae, is described from tropical South America. It grows on granite inselbergs in SE Brazil and in southern Guyana. Diagnostic characters are the very thin, superficially smooth but conspicuously uneven to folded thallus lobes of reddish-brown to crimson colour.
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30

GOWER, DAVID J., MARK WILKINSON, EMMA SHERRATT, and PHILIPPE J. R. KOK. "A new species of Rhinatrema Duméril & Bibron (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Rhinatrematidae) from Guyana." Zootaxa 2391, no. 1 (March 8, 2010): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2391.1.3.

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The first new species of rhinatrematid caecilian in more than 50 years, Rhinatrema shiv sp. nov., is described from Guyana. The type series of 10 specimens differs from the only other species in the genus, R. bivittatum, in having a longer tail, different colour pattern, more acuminate and relatively shorter head, and in several features of the skull and mandible including dentition. Sequence data for 1572 aligned base pairs of mitochondrial DNA are > 15% different between the two species. Rhinatrema shiv is known only from Guyana, and R. bivittatum from French Guiana and far northeastern Brazil. The only reported specimen of the genus from Suriname is not clearly referable to either of the named species.
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31

Frota, Jossehan Galúcio da, Alexandre Felipe Raimundo Missassi, Maria Cristina Dos Santos-Costa, and Ana Lucia Da Costa Prudente. "New records of Imantodes lentiferus (Cope, 1894) (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil." Check List 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2015): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1686.

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The arboreal snake Imantodes lentiferus (Cope, 1894) is distributed in lowland rainforests of the Amazon basin and Guiana region, reported from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Brazil. In Brazil it occurs in the north and central-west regions, in the states of Acre, Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, and Mato Grosso. This study reports new records of Imantodes lentiferus from Pará and Mato Grosso. These new records fill a large gap in the known distribution of this species.
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32

BOROWIEC, LECH. "Two new species of Charidotella Weise (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Cassidini), with a key to Charidotella sexpunctata group." Zootaxa 1586, no. 1 (September 17, 2007): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1586.1.6.

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Two new species of Charidotella s. str. are described: Charidotella moraguesi from French Guyana and Charidotella pacata from Bolivia and Brazil. Both belong to the group of species close to Charidotella sexpunctata Fabricius characterized by a dark pattern on the ventral surface of elytral disc. A key to the Charidotella sexpunctata group is given.
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33

Feitosa, Darlan Tavares, Matheus Godoy Pires, Ana Lúcia Da Costa Prudente, and Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr. "Distribution extension in Colombia and new records for Brazil of Micrurus isozonus (Cope, 1860) (Squamata, Serpentes, Elapidae)." Check List 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.5.1108.

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Micrurus isozonus is a triadal coralsnake occurring in northern Venezuela, eastern Colombia, southern Guyana, and in the extreme northern Brazil. In this paper we firstly publish vouchers to Brazil, and report additional records from three localities in the mountainous region of Taião and Apiaú, state of Roraima. We also extend its known range to the Trans-Andean region in the Atlantic coast of northern South America, municipality of Cartagena at the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Additionally, we present meristic and morphometric data, including the species sintypes.
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34

LEHMANN A., PABLO, FLÁVIO C. T. LIMA, and ROBERTO E. REIS. "Parotocinclus yaka, a new species of armored catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the Amazon basin in Brazil." Zootaxa 4521, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.7.

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Parotocinclus yaka is described as a new species of hypoptopomatine cascudinho from tributaries of the Rio Tiquié, tributary to the Rio Uaupés, upper Rio Negro drainage, Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in northeastern and southeastern Brazil by having the cheek canal plate elongated posteriorly on the ventral surface of the head and in contact with the cleithrum. Parotocinclus yaka is diagnosed from the Parotocinclus species of the Amazon, Orinoco and Guianas watersheds by having a conspicuous dark spots smaller than the pupil diameter distributed dorsally and laterally on the head; it is also differentiated from P. polyochrus (Casiquiare, Venezuela), P. longirostris (Rio Amazonas, Brazil), and P. eppleyi (Río Orinoco) by the absence of a Y-shaped light mark dorsally on the head. In addition, the absence of premaxillary and dentary accessory teeth and the presence of a Y-shaped spot on the snout distinguish the new species from P. collinsae (Essequibo River, Guyana), P. halbothi (Rio Trombetas, Brazil and Marowijne River, Suriname) and P. variola (Río Amazonas, Colombia). Parotocinclus yaka also differs from P. amazonensis (lower Amazon basin), P. aripuanensis (lower Amazon basin), P. britskii (Guyana, Suriname, eastern Venezuela, and Amapá State, Brazil), and P. dani (Rio Tapajós basin), by having more numerous oral teeth. The new species described herein is part of the group of small cascudinhos usually associated with marginal or submerged vegetation and submerged logs, of moderate current and clear transparency, found in conserved habitats in streams of the Amazon, Orinoco and Guianas rivers.
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35

Hinchliff, C. E., S. Petersen, and E. H. Roalson. "Eleocharis endounifascis: A new species of Eleocharis subgenus Limnochloa (Cyperaceae) from northern South America." Phytotaxa 7, no. 1 (May 29, 2013): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.7.1.2.

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A new species, Eleocharis endounifascis, is described and illustrated. This species inhabits standing water in disturbed, open habitats, occurring among a mosaic of wet forest, and probably also flourishes in sunny, seasonally inundated wetlands from Belize to southeastern Venezuela and Guyana to Brazil. It was previously confused with Eleocharis interstincta in herbarium collections and floristic works.
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36

Escobedo, Mario, and Paúl M. Velazco. "First confirmed record for Peru of Diclidurus scutatus Peters, 1869 (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)." Check List 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.3.554.

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Diclidurus scutatus Peters, 1869, is known from Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. In Peru D. scutatus was previously known from a single specimen without a specific locality. Here we report the first record of D. scutatus from a known locality for Peru. We also provide an updated distribution map for the species.
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37

CHAMON, CARINE C., and THIAGO COSTA E. SILVA. "Pseudacanthicus major: description of one of the largest known Loricariidae (Hypostominae: Ancistrini), a species from rio Tocantins basin, Brazil." Zootaxa 4387, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.5.

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The genus Pseudacanthicus currently comprises the following six species distributed in the Amazon and Tocantins basins, and coastal drainages from Guyana to French Guyana: P. serratus, P. fordii, P. histrix, P. spinosus, P. leopardus, P. pitanga, and P. pirarara. Herein we describe P. major, from rio Tocantins basin, one of the largest loricariid species known. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: having body color pattern with dark brown background without spots or blotches and dorsal and caudal fins with transversal white bands; anterior process of compound pterotic with no contacting with the posterior margin of the orbit and by the absence of a conspicuous crest on the posterior edge of parieto-supraocciptal. Other osteological characteristics are further used to diagnose P. major from others congeners. A discussion on gigantism and miniaturization in freshwater fish, ornamental fisheries activities, threats and conservation of the new species are also provided.
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38

Panelli, Luis Fernando. "Is Guyana a new oil El Dorado?" Journal of World Energy Law & Business 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwz022.

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Abstract The Co-operative Republic of Guyana has become one of the most interesting and dynamic oil producing countries in the world at the start of the 21st century. The country already holds 5 billion barrels of proved reserves, which will certainly grow with new discoveries. Exxon leads a consortium of four companies that have the concession of the Stabroek Block (Liza Field), where nine discoveries have been made so far. Five FPSOs will be operating in the future, one of which is due to arrive in Guyana before the end of 2019 and another is due for 2020. By then, the country will be producing 340,000 barrels a day. This production will double and then reach 1 million barrels a day before the end of the next decade. The challenges and opportunities regarding the Guyanese people are dire. The lack of proper infrastructure is certainly one of the biggest challenges. But it is important to stress that the oil proceeds will transform Guyana into the highest GDP per capita of South America. The political stage is also analysed, since political instability might raise concerns for long-term investors. The Venezuela–Guyana differences regarding the sovereignty of the Essequibo Region are again a cause for concern. Brazil is a key player in supporting the geopolitical stability of South America. Presidential elections will be held in 2019/2020: the dispute will probably be between the current President Granger and the Opposition candidate Irfaan Ali. Guyana has a lot to profit from the wealth brought by oil exploitation, but its people fear the risk of growing corruption.
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39

DA FONSECA, EMANUEL MASIERO, FLÁVIA MÓL LANNA, ANATHIELLE CAROLINE SANT’ ANNA, ELVIS ALMEIDA PEREIRA, FELIPE FERREIRA DOS SANTOS, MATHEUS DE OLIVEIRA NEVES, and SARAH MÂNGIA. "The advertisement call of Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 (Anura: Microhylidae)." Zootaxa 3559, no. 1 (November 22, 2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3559.1.6.

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The genus Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 currently comprises 13 species, not considering E. ovalis (Schneider, 1799) (see Caramaschi 2010). This genus occurs in Central America and most of South America, from Panama to Argentina, including Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil (Frost 2011; Nunes-de-Almeida & Toledo 2012). Elachistocleis helianneae Caramaschi, 2010 was described from Humaitá, state of Amazonas, and occurs in northern Brazil, in the states of Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia, and in Bolivia, in the departments of Beni and Santa Cruz (Caramaschi 2010).
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40

Messias, Gerlane Cavalcante, Jose Agnelo Soares, Felipe Kipper, Igor Fernandes Gomes, Vandir Pereira Soares Júnior, and Jefferson Fidélis Alves da Silva. "HYDROGEOPHYSICS IN FRACTURED CRYSTALLINE AQUIFERS IN ENGLISH GUYANA." Brazilian Journal of Geophysics 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v37i3.2009.

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ABSTRACT: This work is a case study in Guyana with the goal of finding groundwater in rock layers with fracture-controlled porosity using electrical resistivity imaging. This work was carried out in two phases by the Brazilian Army, in eight communities in the region of Alto Tacutu – Alto Essequibo in southeast Guyana. All work was done in accordance with a technical agreement between Brazil and Guyana. In the first phase, the surveys were completed by the team which collected resistivity data using a SuperSting R8 electrical resistivity meter with dipole-dipole and dipole-gradient arrays. Then the software EarthImager was used to analyze the data and create two-dimensional (2D) pseudo-sections with depths up to 70m. In the second phase, eight wells were drilled in areas of low resistivity. The geology of this region consists of Precambrian granite rock layers with varying levels of fracturing. In this way, the effectiveness of the multielectrode resistivity imaging technique was demonstrated as a way to explore the availability of groundwater in crystalline rock formations with fracture-controlled porosity.Keywords: electrical resistivity imaging, well siting, groundwater.RESUMO: Este trabalho se constitui em um estudo de caso na Guiana Inglesa, com o objetivo de encontrar água subterrânea por meio de levantamentos de resistividade elétrica, nas áreas de porosidade controladas pelas zonas de fraturas. O trabalho foi realizado em duas fases pelo Exército Brasileiro em oito comunidades da região do Alto Tacutu – Alto Essequibo no sudeste da Guiana Inglesa, através de um acordo de cooperação técnica entre o Brasil e a Guiana. Na primeira fase, os levantamentos foram feitos por uma equipe que coletou dados de resistividade usando um eletrorresistivímetro SuperSting R8 com arranjos dos tipos dipolo-dipolo e dipolo gradiente. Em seguida foi utilizado o software EarthImager para analisar os dados e criar pseudoseções de duas dimensões (2D) até 70m de profundidade. Na segunda fase, oito poços foram perfurados em pontos de baixa resistividade. A geologia da região é constituída de rochas graníticas Pré-cambrianas com níveis variados de fraturamento. Desse modo, demonstrou-se a efetividade do método de resistividade elétrica multieletrodo para explorar a disponibilidade de água subterrânea em aquíferos fraturados em terrenos cristalinos.Palavras-chave: imageamento de resistividade elétrica, locação de poços, água subterrânea.
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41

Wolski, Andrzej. "Taxonomic review of the plant bug genera Amapacylapus and Cylapus with descriptions of two new species and a key to the genera of Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)." Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57, no. 2 (2017): 399–455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0084.

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The plant bug tribe Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) is diagnosed and a worldwide key to the genera of the tribe is provided. The taxonomic review of the New World Cylapini genera Amapacylapus Carvalho & Fontes,1968 and Cylapus Say, 1832 is provided, including a key to species, diagnoses and redescriptions of genera and most included species, and descriptions of two new species, Amapacylapus unicolor sp. nov. (Ecuador) and Cylapus luridus sp. nov. (Brazil). Illustrations of the male genitalia, color photographs of the adult and scanning electron micrographs of the selected species are provided. The genus Cylapocerus Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Cylapus with all species currently placed in Cylapocerus transferred to Cylapus. The following new combinations are established: Cylapus amazonicus (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov., Cylapus antennatus (Carvalho & Fontes, 1968) comb. nov., and Cylapus tucuruiensis (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov. Peltidocylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) is transferred to the genus Amapacylapus as Amapacylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) comb. nov. Male neotype is designated for Cylapus tenuicornis Say, 1832. The following new country records are provided: Amapacylapus amapariensis Carvalho & Fontes, 1968 (Ecuador, Guyana); Cylapus amazonicus (Bolivia, Ecuador); Cylapus antennatus (Ecuador); Cylapus citus Bergroth, 1922 (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru); Cylapus marginicollis (Distant, 1883) (Nicaragua, Panama); Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922 (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador); Cylapus tenuicornis (USA); Cylapus tucuruiensis (Venezuela).
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42

ALMEIDA, ROBERTO BAPTISTA PEREIRA, GUILHERME MEDEIROS ANTAR, ALESSANDRO WAGNER COELHO FERREIRA, WAGNER RIBEIRO DA SILVA JUNIOR, MIGUEL SENA DE OLIVEIRA, and RAYSA VALÉRIA CARVALHO SARAIVA. "Lectotypification and notes on the distribution of the giant herb Phenakospermum guyannense (Rich.) Miq. (Strelitziaceae)." Phytotaxa 491, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.3.4.

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Phenakospermum guyannense is the only native species of Strelitziaceae in South America and occurs in the Amazon domain in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. The species presents a negative sampling bias, probably due to the great effort necessary to collect it, as it presents long leaves and coriaceous bracts. In the course of the studies for the monograph of Strelitziaceae for Flora do Brasil 2020 project and with an increase in plant collecting in Maranhão state, Brazil, we have detected two necessary adjustments to the knowledge of the species: 1) lectotypification of the basionym Urania guyannensis described by L.C.M. Richard and 2) reevaluation of the geographic distribution of the species, highlighting new records for the Brazilian Northeast region. Both issues are addressed here. Additionally, we present a description, a preliminary conservation status, a distribution map and notes on the ecology of the species.
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43

Arbour, Jessica H., and Hernán López-Fernández. "Guianacara dacrya, a new species from the rio Branco and Essequibo River drainages of the Guiana Shield (Perciformes: Cichlidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 1 (March 2011): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011000100006.

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A new species of Guianacara is described from tributaries of the Essequibo River and the rio Branco in Guyana and northern Brazil. Guianacara dacrya, new species, can be diagnosed from all congeners by the possession of a unique infraorbital stripe and by the shape of the lateral margin of the lower pharyngeal jaw tooth plate. Guianacara dacrya can be further distinguished from G. geayi, G. owroewefi, G. sphenozona and G. stergiosi by the possession of a thin midlateral bar, from G. cuyunii by the possession of dusky branchiostegal membranes and from G. oelemariensis by the possession of two supraneurals. This species differs from most congeners by the presence of white spots on the spiny portion of the dorsal fin, the placement of the midlateral spot, the presence of filaments on the dorsal, anal and in rare cases the caudal-fin and from at least the Venezuelan species by several morphometric variables. Guianacara dacrya is known from the Essequibo, Takutu and Ireng River basins of Guyana and possibly from the rio Uraricoera in the rio Branco basin in Brazil. A key to the species is provided.
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Buschini, MLT, and CE Buss. "Nesting Biology of Podium angustifrons Kohl (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) in an Araucaria Forest Fragment." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 2 (May 2014): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.19112.

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Podium angustifrons Kohl 1902 is a species of solitary wasp which nests in pre-existing cavities, with neotropical distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and French Guyana. The aim of this study was to investigate the nesting biology of P. angustifrons, discussing aspects of their life history. To capture its nests, wooden trap-nests were installed in the Parque Municipal das Araucárias, Guarapuava (PR), Brazil, from January 2003 to April 2009. A total of 29 nests were collected, all during the warmer months. These showed no vestibular and intercalary cells, and their closures were made up of chewed plants and mud mixed with organic materials and resin-coated surfaces, sometimes showing a layer of lichens. The cells were provisioned with various wild species of cockroaches (Chorisoneura sp, Riata sp and Helgaia sp) in the nymph stage and/or adults. The sex ratio was 4.6 females per male, significantly higher that the expected 1:1. Most pre-pupae entered diapause in winter with development time ranging from 187 to 283 days for females and 180 to 283 days for males. Deaths occurred in 41.66% of cells provisioned, 33.33% were attributed to faulty development and 8.33% to Chrysididae.
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45

DUBEY, J. P., L. APPLEWHAITE, N. SUNDAR, G. V. VELMURUGAN, L. A. BANDINI, O. C. H. KWOK, R. HILL, and C. SU. "Molecular and biological characterization ofToxoplasma gondiiisolates from free-range chickens from Guyana, South America, identified several unique and common parasite genotypes." Parasitology 134, no. 11 (June 18, 2007): 1559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007003083.

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SUMMARYThe prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence ofT. gondiioocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence ofT. gondiiin 76 free-range chickens from Guyana, South America was determined. Antibodies toT. gondiiwere assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and found in 50 (65·8%) of 76 chickens with titres of 1:5 in four, 1:10 in one, 1:20 in five, 1:40 in seven, 1:80 in six, 1:160 in eight, 1:320 in four, 1:640 or higher in 15. Hearts and brains of 26 chickens with titres of <1:5 were pooled in 5 batches and bioassayed in mice. Hearts and brains of 50 chickens with titres of 1:5 or higher were bioassayed in mice.Toxoplasma gondiiwas isolated by bioassay in mice from 35 chickens with MAT titres of 1:20 or higher. All mice inoculated with tissues of 30 infected chickens remained asymptomatic.Toxoplasma gondiiisolates from 35 chickens were genotyped using 11 PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, a new SAG2, and Apico. A total of 9 genotypes were identified, with 5 genotypes (nos 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7) unique to Guyana, 2 genotypes (nos 2 and 3) previously identified in chickens from Brazil, 1 genotype (no. 8) previously identified in chickens from Brazil, Costa Rica and Nicaragua, and 1 genotype (no. 9) belonging to the clonal type III lineage that exists globally. Infection with 2 genotypes was found from 1 chicken. This is the first report of genetic characterization ofT. gondiiisolates from any host from Guyana.
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46

LIMA, FLÁVIO C. T. "A revision of the cis-andean species of the genus Brycon Müller & Troschel (Characiformes: Characidae)." Zootaxa 4222, no. 1 (January 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4222.1.1.

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A revision of the cis-andean species of Brycon, with the exception of the Brycon pesu species-complex, is presented. Twenty-one Brycon species (including B. pesu) are recognized from cis-andean river systems: Brycon stolzmanni Steindachner, from the upper Río Marañon basin, Peru; Brycon coxeyi Fowler, from the Río Marañon basin, Ecuador and Peru; Brycon polylepis Moscó Morales, from the Lago de Maracaibo, Río Orinoco, upper rio Amazonas, and rio Tocantins basins, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil; Brycon coquenani Steindachner, from the upper Río Caroni, Río Orinoco basin, Venezuela; Brycon insignis Steindachner, from the rio Paraíba do Sul and small adjacent coastal river basins of eastern Brazil; Brycon vermelha Lima & Castro, endemic from the rio Mucuri basin, eastern Brazil; Brycon howesi new species, endemic from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil; Brycon dulcis new species, endemic from the rio Doce basin, eastern Brazil; Brycon ferox Steindachner, from several small coastal river systems, including the rio Mucuri basin in eastern Brazil; Brycon vonoi new species, from the rio Pardo basin and apparently also from a adjacent river system, the rio Una, in eastern Brazil; Brycon opalinus (Cuvier), from the headwaters of the rio Paraíba do Sul and rio Doce basins, eastern Brazil; Brycon nattereri Günther, from the headwaters of the upper rio Paraná, rio São Francisco, and upper rio Tocantins basins, Brazil; Brycon orthotaenia Günther, endemic from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil; Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes), from the rio Paraná and rio Uruguai basins, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay; Brycon hilarii (Valenciennes), from the rio Paraguai, middle rio Paraná, and upper rio Amazonas basins, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador; Brycon whitei Myers & Weitzman, from the Río Orinoco basin in Colombia and Venezuela; Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz), from the Rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Guyana; Brycon gouldingi Lima, endemic from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil; Brycon melanopterus (Cope), from the western and central rio Amazonas basin, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; and Brycon falcatus Müller & Troschel, widespread in the the rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins, and several guyanese river systems, in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. All species are redescribed and illustrated, and a key to the species is provided. Comments on the diagnosis of the genus Brycon, the biogeography of the cis-andean species, and their current conservation status, are presented.
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47

Voss, Robert S., and Sharon A. Jansa. "Minimal genetic divergence among South American samples of the water opossum Chironectes minimus: evidence for transcontinental gene flow?" Mammalia 83, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0073.

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Abstract Cytochrome b sequences from South American specimens of the water opossum Chironectes minimus exhibit uncorrected pairwise differences of 0.6% or less among samples collected thousands of kilometers apart (in Guyana, Bolivia and southeastern Brazil). Despite published evidence of population divergence from recent analyses of craniodental morphology, our results suggest extensive gene flow or recent range expansion across the South American landscapes currently occupied by this seldom-collected species.
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48

Ireland, Robert R. "The moss genus lsopterygium (Hypnaceae) in Latin America." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 6, no. 1 (December 31, 1992): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.6.1.13.

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The pleurocarpous moss genus Isopterygium (Hypnaceae) is revised for Latin America. Although as many as 92 species and varieties have been reported for the region over past years, these are currently accommodated by the present revision into only eight species. The most common taxon throughout most of Latin America, Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., is also the most polymophic and presently 45 taxa are recognized as synonyms. The other seven species are I. affusum Mitt. (Guadeloupe, Honduras, Venezuela, Brazil), I. acutifolium Irel. (Venezuela, Guyana), I. byssobolax (C. Müll.) Par. (Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina), I. jamaicense (Bartr.) Buck (Mexico, Guatemala, Jamaica), I. subbrevisetum (Hampe) Broth. (West Indies, Costa Rica to southern Brazil), I. subglobosum Herz. (Bolivia), and I. tenerifolium Mitt. (West Indies, southern Mexico to northern Argentina).
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49

DITTRICH, VINÍCIUS ANTONIO DE OLIVEIRA, ALEXANDRE SALINO, REINALDO MONTEIRO, and ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER. "The fern genera Lomaria, Lomariocycas, and Parablechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) in southern and southeastern Brazil." Phytotaxa 362, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.3.1.

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We conducted a taxonomic study of the fern genera Lomaria, Lomariocycas, and Parablechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) in southern and southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). We recognized six species (one of Lomaria, one of Lomariocycas, and four of Parablechnum), three of which have a broad neotropical distribution and three that are endemic to Brazil. Four new records are reported for four species in different regions or states from Brazil, and a new record for Guyana. Taxonomic descriptions, synonymies, lectotypifications, a neotypification (Parablechnum usterianum), geographical distributions, and comments are given for all species occurring in the study region, as well as a key for the identification of the Brazilian species of Parablechnum.
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50

Fontes, Gilberto, Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha, Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte, and Rubén Santiago Nicholls. "Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region." International Health 13, Supplement_1 (December 22, 2020): S33—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa048.

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Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in &gt;80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.
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