Academic literature on the topic 'Brazilian Forest Act'
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Journal articles on the topic "Brazilian Forest Act"
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Borges Pinto, Osvaldo, Ana Carolina Amorim Marques, and George L. Vourlitis. "Aboveground Carbon Storage and Cycling of Flooded and Upland Forests of the Brazilian Pantanal." Forests 11, no. 6 (2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060665.
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Tropical forests and savanna (cerrado) are important carbon (C) sinks; however, few data exist for seasonally flooded forests. We quantified the annual rates of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) over a five-year period for two forests, an upland mixed forest and a seasonally flooded cerrado forest, located in the northern Pantanal region of Brazil. We hypothesized that rates of ANPP would be higher for the mixed forest than the cerrado forest because seasonal flooding can limit rates of tree growth. ANPP was calculated as the sum of the annual litter production measured from litterfall traps and the stem growth increment measured from dendrometers and tree density. ANPP varied between 3.8–5.5 MgC ha−1 y−1 for the flooded forest and 1.6–4.6 MgC ha−1 y−1 for the upland forest. Litter production accounted for 57% of the ANPP, and the difference in ANPP between the upland and flooded forests was due to consistently higher litter production in the flooded forest. Annual variations in ANPP were not correlated with annual precipitation, presumably because the hydrology of these sites is driven more by the flood stage of the Cuiaba River than by local precipitation. However, consistent declines in forest floor litter mass occurred at both sites, suggesting that C storage may be responding to some unknown disturbance that occurred prior to our sampling campaign. Seasonal variation in rainfall exerted an important control on litter production dynamics, with leaf litter production increasing during the dry season and stem and reproductive litter production increasing during the wet season. While there are few studies of seasonally flooded tropical forests, our data suggest that the seasonally flooded and upland forests of the northern Pantanal can act as appreciable aboveground C sinks.
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Freitas, Flavio L. M., Gerd Sparovek, Göran Berndes, et al. "Potential increase of legal deforestation in Brazilian Amazon after Forest Act revision." Nature Sustainability 1, no. 11 (2018): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0171-4.
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Garcia, Letícia Couto, Juliana Silveira dos Santos, Marcelo Matsumoto, et al. "Restoration Challenges and Opportunities for Increasing Landscape Connectivity under the New Brazilian Forest Act." Natureza & Conservação 11, no. 2 (2013): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2013.028.
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Torres, PC, and PI Prado. "Domestic dogs in a fragmented landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: abundance, habitat use and caring by owners." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 4 (2010): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000500010.
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This study aimed at estimating the population size and attitudes of residents towards caring for domestic dogs, through questionnaire surveys, as well as the frequency of these animals in different habitats (anthropic and forest patch), using scent stations. The study was conducted in a severely fragmented area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. A large number of unrestricted dogs was recorded, averaging 6.2 ind/km². These dogs have owners and are regularly fed. Dog records decreased from the anthropogenic matrix to the forest patch edge, which suggests that dogs act as an edge effect on forest patches. Encounters between domestic dog and wild animals can still be frequent in severely fragmented landscapes, mainly at the forest edges. However the fact that most dogs have an owner and are more frequent in the anthropic habitat suggests that their putative effects are less severe than expected for a carnivore of such abundance, but the reinforcement of responsible ownership is needed to further ameliorate such effects.
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MENESES, MARIA ECILENE N. S., MARCONDES L. COSTA, DIRK ENTERS, and HERMANN BEHLING. "Environmental changes during the last millennium based on multi-proxy palaeoecological records in a savanna-forest mosaic from the northernmost Brazilian Amazon region." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 3 (2015): 1623–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130074.
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ABSTRACTThe environmental changes and the dynamics of the savanna-forest mosaic, over the last 1050 years, have been reconstructed by pollen, charcoal, radiocarbon dating mineralogical and geochemical analyses of sediment cores taken from three different Mauritia flexuosapalm swamps in the northernmost part of the Brazilian Amazon region (northern state of Roraima). Studies on the relationship between the modern pollen rain and the regional vegetation provide additional information for the interpretation of the fossil pollen records. The fossil pollen assemblages and geochemical results indicate relatively wet climatic conditions throughout the recorded period. Despite these moist conditions, fires were frequent and are one of the reasons for the dominance of a grassy savanna instead of forest expansion in the study area. Considering the generally wet climatic conditions, these fires were most likely caused by human activities. Even today, fires hinder forest expansion into savanna areas. Sandy hydromorphic soils may also act as an edaphic control to maintain the current sharp boundary between forest and savanna ecosystems.
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Carvalho de Oliveira, Dênio Ramam, Maurício de Pina Ferreira, and José Guilherme Silva Melo. "Application of partial cross-section precast system to save the Amazon forest." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 6 (2010): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-027.
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The Brazilian civil construction industry is one of the largest consumers of wood in the country. The majority of wood is used as formwork to build concrete structures and is discarded at the end of the construction process. This study presents an innovative structural system that uses a type of partial cross-section precast system with thin reinforced concrete flat plates, which are transported and assembled at the construction site and act as permanent formwork with structural function. The major advantages of this system include the reduction of transport costs; easier assembly of the structural elements because of its low weight; and the possibility of idealizing and designing rigid connections between structural elements, improvement of the structural behavior and postive impact on the material economy. This paper presents construction details, tests results, and some real cases where partial cross-section beams and columns were successfully applied in Brazil.
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Sparovek, Gerd, Göran Berndes, Alberto Giaroli de Oliveira Pereira Barretto, and Israel Leoname Fröhlich Klug. "The revision of the Brazilian Forest Act: increased deforestation or a historic step towards balancing agricultural development and nature conservation?" Environmental Science & Policy 16 (February 2012): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.10.008.
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Lima, Reinanda, Diego Moure Oliveira, and Carlos Alberto Garófalo. "Interaction Network and Niche Analysis of Natural Enemy Communities and their Host Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in fragments of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest." Sociobiology 65, no. 4 (2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i4.3386.
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Natural enemies are important components of solitary bee communities that nest in preexisting cavities because they act as a relevant mortality factor and can regulate population growth. Despite this, the natural enemy-host interaction remains poorly investigated. This research aimed to determine the composition of the community, the structure of the interaction network, and niche overlap and breadth of natural enemy species in areas of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and Semideciduous seasonal forest (Atlantic Forest) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Trap-nests made of black cardboard and bamboo canes were provided in the field and inspected monthly in each area, from August 2001 to July 2003 at Cerrado and from June 2006 to May 2008 at the Semideciduous seasonal forest. A modular structure in the interaction network was observed for both areas with the populations of natural enemies showing high degrees of specialization. This structure confers higher stability against disturbances than less specialized webs since these adversities must spread more slowly through the network. The niche analysis showed low degrees of overlap for both, trophic and temporal, among the natural enemy populations.
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Ramos de Andrade, Juliana, Kleber Andrade da Silva, Josiene Maria Fraga dos Santos, Danielle Melo dos Santos, Thiago Pereira Guerra, and Elcida De Lima Araújo. "Influencia de microhábitats en el desempeño de especies herbáceas en áreas de bosque maduro y secundario en la región semiárida de Brasil." Revista de Biología Tropical 63, no. 2 (2015): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v63i2.15484.
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<p>The conditions for plant establishment in mature forest are different from those found in disturbed areas. In dry environments, the herbaceous cover is the most important in the recolonization of deforested areas. It can, therefore, act as an ideal biological group for assessing how changes in habitat heterogeneity affect the resilience of dry forests. The aim of this research was to evaluate whether natural regeneration of the herbaceous stratum differed between areas of mature and secondary forest of Caatinga and to describe this process. The study took place in the Brazilian semiarid region during the rainy season 2011 (January to August), where fifty 1m² plots were set up, 25 allocated to the microhabitat established as “between canopies” and 25 to the microhabitat “under the canopy”. The herbaceous species selected for the study were <em>Delilia biflora</em> (Asteraceae), <em>Gomphrena vaga</em> (Amaranthaceae) and <em>Pseudabutilon spicatum</em> (Malvaceae), abundant species occurring in both areas. All individuals from the selected populations were counted, marked with sequential numbers, and the height of the stem was measured. Differences between areas, and in size and survival between microhabitats, were found only for the first two species. Fruit production was higher in the mature forest for the three species. The study concluded that: 1. The effect of the microhabitats “between canopies” and “under the canopy” in mature and secondary forest areas depends on the species considered; 2. Populations sensitive to light intensity differ in number of individuals, height and fruit production; and 3. The resilience of anthropogenic areas in semiarid environments can be characterized by the presence of spatial heterogeneity with regard to the emergence and survival of herbaceous seedlings, suggesting that the regeneration of disturbed areas may occur in patches. </p>
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De Lucena, Marcelo Silva, Alan Cauê De Holanda, and Allyson Rocha Alves. "Floristic similarity between adult and saplings strata of Caatinga hyperxerophilous woody vegetation – a Brazilian seasonally tropical dry forest." Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 17, no. 41 (2020): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v17i41.5225.
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In the Caatinga, the maintenance of forest ecosystems depends on natural regeneration and several factors that can act in two ways: 1) provide the perpetuation of communities composheed of few species that dominate the adult and saplings strata, resulting in floristic similarities; 2) provide local differentiation between adult and saplings strata. However, these relationships remain poorly understood, as it is not known whether the factors acting on a local scale favor the floristic similarity between the adult and saplings strata or if these patterns are found in conserved and anthropized areas. This work evaluated the floristic similarity between the adult and saplings strata of hyperxerophilous caatinga woody-shrubby vegetation in conserved and anthropized areas. In two areasof conserved and anthropized hyperxerophilous Caatinga, adult and saplings individuals were measured and floristic richness and qualitative floristic similarity were evaluated. The floristic similarity between the adult and saplings strata was statistically compared using the Chao-Sørensen index. In both sites, although there was a large number of species exclusive to the adult stratum, the Chao-Sørensen index indicates high floristic similarity between strata. The analysis of this behavior together with the assessment of community structure shows that few species can be responsible for the key processes that structure and control the main mechanisms of persistence of these ecosystems. This can be attributed to the existence of locally uniform conditions that can define the dominance of adapted species groups.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Brazilian Forest Act"
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Cunha, Paulo Roberto. "O Código Florestal e os processos de formulação do mecanismo de compensação de reserva legal (1996-2012): ambiente político e política ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-06092013-000029/.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os processos político-legislativos que culminaram na criação e nas modificações do mecanismo de compensação de reserva legal, previsto no revogado Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei Federal nº 4.771/1965) e na lei que o substituiu (Lei Federal nº 12.651/2012). A questão central que orienta esta pesquisa é a seguinte: por que, desde o seu surgimento, a compensação de reserva legal sofreu constantes modificações? As hipóteses para a pergunta formulada consideram que, no complexo jogo político de alteração do Código Florestal, prevaleceram as proposições de dois agrupamentos de atores: o agronegócio (e de outros interesses associados, como mineradoras e hidrelétricas) e a bancada ruralista do Congresso Nacional. Assim, focalizando na compensação de reserva legal, estabeleceu-se um recorte temporal de 1996 a 2012, onde se analisou os processos políticos das seguintes etapas: (i) a formação da agenda governamental em 1996, que culminou na alteração do Código Florestal por medida provisória; (ii) a criação da compensação em 1998; (iii) a modificação desse instrumento no anteprojeto de lei do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) (2000); e (iv) a alteração proposta pelo projeto de lei aprovado na Comissão Especial Temporária do Código Florestal (2010), instituída na Câmara dos Deputados, e sua aprovação pelo plenário daquela Casa (2011), cujo texto foi incorporado na nova lei florestal (2012). No exame dessas quatro fases, considerou-se que uma política pública é o resultado da multiplicidade de elementos e sua complexa interação. Assim, conforme as especificidades de cada etapa, o desenvolvimento do trabalho demandou a mobilização de componentes teóricos dos seguintes referenciais da ciência política: o neo institucionalismo, a hegemonia do Poder Executivo sobre o Legislativo, a articulação dos grupos de interesses econômicos, a teoria dos Múltiplos Fluxos (John W. Kingdon), o pluralismo (Robert A. Dahl) e a tipologia de Theodore Lowi. Assim, o trabalho identifica os atores chaves, especialmente aqueles relacionados ao agronegócio e à bancada ruralista, seus aspectos essenciais, suas interações, a correlação de forças, os embates, as tentativas de influenciar o jogo político em relevo. Na análise da Comissão Especial do Código Florestal (2010), o trabalho identifica os parlamentares ruralistas, os donos de terras, aqueles cujas campanhas eleitorais receberam financiamento do agronegócio/interesses associados, bem como outras características que permitam entender o peso daquela bancada suprapartidária e daquele setor econômico no abrandamento das regras alusivas à compensação de reserva legal. O trabalho colheu evidencias que corroboram as hipóteses levantadas, pois a bancada ruralista e o agronegócio/interessados associados atuaram em várias frentes, mobilizaram recursos políticos e, aproveitando-se do desenho institucional, contribuíram decisivamente para a criação e modificação da compensação de reserva legal ao longo dos anos. O estudo mostra ainda que outros fatores foram importantes nesse contexto, como a posição do governo e a formação das coalizões partidárias, especialmente no Congresso Nacional.<br>The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the political and legislative processes that culminated in the creation and modification of the compensation mechanism of legal forest reserve, provided for in the repealed Brazilian Forest Act (Federal Act No. 4.771/1965) and in the law that replaced it (Federal Act No. 12.651/2012). The central matter guiding this research is the following: why, since its appearance, the compensation of legal forest reserves has been suffering constant changes? The hypothesis regarding the question posed considers that in the complex political game of the Forest Act alteration, there have prevailed the propositions of two groups of actors: agribusiness (and other associated interests such as mining and hydropower companies) and the Brazilian Congressional Rural caucus members performance congressmen and senators. Thus, focusing on the compensation of the legal forest reserve, a time frame from 1996 until 2012 was established, where the political processes of the following stages were analyzed: (i) the formation of the government agenda in 1996, which culminated in the amendment of the Forest Act by provisional decree; (ii) the creation of compensation in 1998; (iii) modification of this instrument in the draft bill of the National Council of Environment (CONAMA) (2000); and (iv) the amendment proposed by the bill of law approved by the Temporary Special Commission of the Forest Act (2010), introduced in the House of Representatives, and its approval by the plenary of that House (2011), whose text was incorporated in the new forest code (2012). Examining these four stages, it was considered that a public policy is the result of multiple factors and their complex interaction. Thus, according to the specificities of each stage, the development work required the mobilization of theoretical components of the following references of political science: the new institutionalism, the hegemony of the Executive Branch over the Legislative Branch, the articulation of the economic interest group, the Multiple Stream Model (John W. Kingdon), pluralism (Robert A. Dahl) and Theodore Lowis typology. Thus, the work identifies the key actors, especially those related to agribusiness and to the rural caucus, their essential aspects, their interactions, the correlation of forces, the conflicts, and attempts to influence the political game at issue. In the analysis of the Special Committee of the Forest Act (2010), the work identifies the rural parliaments, landowners, those whose electoral campaigns received funding from associated agribusiness/interests, as well as other characteristics that allow the understanding of the weight of that bench and that economic sector in loosening the rules regarding the compensation of legal forest reserve. The work gathered evidences that corroborated the hypotheses because the caucus and agribusiness/interested members acted on several fronts, mobilized political resources, taking advantage of the institutional design, contributed decisively for the creation and modification of the legal forest reserve compensation along the years. The study further demonstrates that other factors were important in this context, as the government position and formation of party coalitions, especially in the National Congress.
Books on the topic "Brazilian Forest Act"
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Cavalcante, Luiz Ricardo. The Brazilian Development Bank. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.8.
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This chapter discusses the role played by the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) based upon a survey of its costs and benefits reported in the literature. It provides some theoretical background for the creation and the existence of development banks, using this background to support a brief discussion about the long-term context that marked the bank’s evolution as well as the contemporary issues concerning its role in the Brazilian economy. The author argues that a national development bank such as the BNDES contributes to increasing capital formation, as it provides credit at more favorable conditions to selected projects. However, the author also argues that the presence of the BNDES loans forces the Central Bank to raise interest rates to a level that otherwise would be lower.
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McCormick, Sabrina. Renewable Energy in the Brazilian Amazon. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0024.
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Understanding the political economic drivers of energy planning in the Brazilian Amazon is critical since the forest is increasingly vulnerable to destruction and related, increased poverty. This chapter investigates how political economy affects biomass and hydroelectricity development in that region. It focuses on political economy as characterized by: (1) the needs and agenda of local communities, (2) economic interests and politics at the national level, and (3) international social actors and financial interests. Findings advance our understanding of the political economy of renewable energy by first, focusing on a critical global resource, and second, by implementing a multi-scalar framework that also considers impacts and drivers of climate change.
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Bacha, Carlos José Caetano. The Agricultural Sector. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.13.
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This chapter analyzes the evolution of agriculture in Brazil from the early sixteenth century until the second decade of the twenty-first century. It focuses on seven domestic and external conditioning factors that have stimulated and supported the sector’s expansion in Brazil. These factors and the way that they have impacted agricultural expansion and will continue to drive Brazil’s agricultural sector for at least the next two decades. Given the availability of fallow arable land, at current productivity levels, this idle area could be used to double crop production. The transference of road operation to the regulated private sector will lead to improved road surfaces and maintenance, thereby facilitating the transportation of agricultural production to exporting ports. The reduction of agricultural sector subsidies and the increased forest conservation efforts by the European Union should improve Brazilian agriculture’s competitive position in many foreign markets currently served by EU farmers. The increasing share of Brazil’s agricultural production sold in world markets makes the country’s agricultural sector more vulnerable than ever to uncontrollable outside forces. World economic growth, especially that of China and the European countries, is a necessity if the Brazilian agricultural sector is to continue expanding and improving efficiencies. Most Brazilian agricultural inputs continue to be produced by foreign companies or their Brazilian subsidiaries. These overseas entities are a very strong force in the domestic inputs market and represent another uncontrollable factor that affects local farmers’ earnings and Brazil’s balance of trade.
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Kerstenetzky, Celia Lessa, and Danielle Carusi Machado. Labor Market Development in Brazil. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.28.
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After presenting general facts concerning the evolution of the labor market in Brazil over the 2004–2014 decade, this chapter documents the outstanding formalization process that took place, as well as its main consequences and driving forces. In this period, the Brazilian economy achieved sizable GDP growth rates. Although far below Chinese or Indian performances, in contrast to the experiences of the latter, Brazilian growth was notable for being (re)distributive (i.e. associated with important reductions in inequality). In particular, the new growth path was accompanied by a sustained expansion in formal employment, an increase in labor incomes, particularly of earnings at the bottom end of wage distribution, and a consistent decline in wage inequality. Thus, the chapter discusses some of the interventions that led to these achievements and the challenges now faced if these achievements are to be preserved or built upon.
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Mills, Kenneth. Religion in the Atlantic World. Edited by Nicholas Canny and Philip Morgan. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199210879.013.0025.
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Writing on the diffusion of artistic forms in a transoceanic context, the art historian George Kubler likened an important work of art to a lighthouse emitting ‘signals’, which might be transferred officially, but might also be carried by ‘unexpected bearers’ to be ‘relayed’ to diverse people, including unintended recipients. This article adapts Kubler's model of diffusion and transformation to the transatlantic afterlives of a broader set of European forms and ideas, particularly those relating to religion. It contends that episodes suggesting religious transformation across the Atlantic world can be fruitfully studied in similar terms. Because sculpted and painted religious images were sometimes at the centre of such encounters, the connection is especially apt. Charting the interpenetration of religious systems in Brazil, Roger Bastide has argued that even when Catholicism took root as a living religious reality among Afro-Brazilians, a separation from ‘Portuguese Catholicism’ was distinguishable.
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Barros, Sulivan Charles. Carnaval e cidade – usos e apropriações de espaços urbanos: Recife e Olinda em perspectiva. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-277-3.
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Carnival is one of the most important manifestations of Brazilian culture. On festival days, the carnival locus is occupied by antagonistic social actors, producing a unique image of the sensitive movements that the city experiences throughout the year and that end up in the unequal processes of power and space - one of the multiple readings that the carnival phenomenon offers. Understanding this complex moment of polyphonies and polysemias requires a review of its historical development process, aiming at a broader understanding of how it was (and continues to be) forged as an entirely Brazilian social fact, an element that makes up a part of the nation's identity formation. In this direction, the city becomes a privileged place for carnival production based on evocation of memory, symbolizing the idea of public spaces to be activated and reconstructed. In order to build an articulation between past, present and future, commercial investments have been integrating multiple strategies in the search to dynamize old uses of urban space, associated with contemporary forms of carnival consumption. In this sense, this research proposes to analyze the relationship between carnival and the city from the uses and appropriations of public spaces and that will present the cities of Recife and Olinda as an empirical reference.
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Oliveira, José Claudio Alves de, Ana Helena da Silva Delfino Duarte, Fabiano Lopes de Paula, Genivalda Cândido da Silva, and Gilson Magno dos Santos. Ex-votos do Brasil: Arte e folkcomunicação. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-221-6.
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The present work, published in 2016, comes from the Ex-Voto do Brasil Project, developed from 2005 to 2011, and sponsored by CNPq. It aimed at researching and analyzing ex-votos at the main Brazilian chapels of miracles, churches and museums in order to study the typology, iconography, iconology, grammar, discourse, social memory and multiple forms that, as testimonies or media, ex-votos carry messages and information from individual and collective issues. In this second revised edition, there are six narratives authored by researchers from Bahia, Goiás and Minas Gerais. They analyze ex-votos from the point of view of art, communication, history and linguistics. All authors are researchers at GREC - Study Group on Cybermuseums. The book is brilliantly presented by Dr. Caroline Perrée and Dr. Clarisse Prêtre (French researchers), and from Brazil, by Dr. Ednaldo Soares (researcher and writer), Dr. Karina Janz Woitowicz (researcher and journalist), and Dr. Maria Helena Ochi Matue Flexor (historian). Finally, it is also presented by Dr. Elin Luque Agraz (Mexican historian), who honorably shared with us her research and ideas about the innate wealth of ex votos, but passed away in 2018.
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Daniel, Yvonne. Ferocious Dance. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036538.003.0008.
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This chapter examines ferocious or combat dance in Circum-Caribbean history. It documents martial art forms and stick-fighting dances on the African continent and Diaspora combat dances that are similar to Brazilian capoeira and maculelê. It also proposes the inclusion of armed and unarmed combat rituals within Caribbean dance categories. The chapter begins with a discussion of the African legacies of ferocious dance, focusing on the importance of martial arts to the societies of colonial Angola and its connection to Caribbean combat dances, as well as the ways in which martial techniques were transported within enslaved bodies to parts of the African Diaspora. It then describes examples of Circum-Caribbean combat dance games, including ladja and danmyé in Martinique, juego de maní in Cuba, kalinda in Trinidad and Tobago, and tambú and kokomakaku in Curaçao. The chapter concludes with an assessment of lessons imparted by combat dance.
Book chapters on the topic "Brazilian Forest Act"
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Barletta, Mário, Ulrich Saint-Paul, Audrey Barletta-Bergan, Werner Ekau, and Dirk Schories. "Spatial and temporal distribution of Myrophis punctatus (Ophichthidae) and associated fish fauna in a northern Brazilian intertidal mangrove forest." In Life at Interfaces and Under Extreme Conditions. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4148-2_6.
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Garreaud, René D., and Patricio Aceituno. "Atmospheric Circulation and Climatic Variability." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0010.
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Regional variations in South America’s weather and climate reflect the atmospheric circulation over the continent and adjacent oceans, involving mean climatic conditions and regular cycles, as well as their variability on timescales ranging from less than a few months to longer than a year. Rather than surveying mean climatic conditions and variability over different parts of South America, as provided by Schwerdtfeger and Landsberg (1976) and Hobbs et al. (1998), this chapter presents a physical understanding of the atmospheric phenomena and precipitation patterns that explain the continent’s weather and climate. These atmospheric phenomena are strongly affected by the topographic features and vegetation patterns over the continent, as well as by the slowly varying boundary conditions provided by the adjacent oceans. The diverse patterns of weather, climate, and climatic variability over South America, including tropical, subtropical, and midlatitude features, arise from the long meridional span of the continent, from north of the equator south to 55°S. The Andes cordillera, running continuously along the west coast of the continent, reaches elevations in excess of 4 km from the equator to about 40°S and, therefore, represents a formidable obstacle for tropospheric flow. As shown later, the Andes not only acts as a “climatic wall” with dry conditions to the west and moist conditions to the east in the subtropics (the pattern is reversed in midlatitudes), but it also fosters tropical-extratropical interactions, especially along its eastern side. The Brazilian plateau also tends to block the low-level circulation over subtropical South America. Another important feature is the large area of continental landmass at low latitudes (10°N–20°S), conducive to the development of intense convective activity that supports the world’s largest rain forest in the Amazon basin. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon, rooted in the ocean-atmosphere system of the tropical Pacific, has a direct strong influence over most of tropical and subtropical South America. Similarly, sea surface temperature anomalies over the Atlantic Ocean have a profound impact on the climate and weather along the eastern coast of the continent. In this section we describe the long-term annual and monthly mean fields of several meteorological variables.
Conference papers on the topic "Brazilian Forest Act"
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BINI, D., and R. T. JANTZEN. "INERTIAL FORCES IN RELATIVITY." In Proceedings of the MG10 Meeting held at Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704030_0231.
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FORD, L. H., and V. SOPOVA. "QUASI-OSCILLATORY CASIMIR FORCES." In Proceedings of the MG10 Meeting held at Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704030_0311.
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Barbosa, Fábio C. "Shortline Freight Rail System Review: North American Experiences and Brazilian Perspectives." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8034.
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Abstract Shortline industry plays a prominent role in the North American Freight Rail System (mainly United States and Canada), providing a customized freight rail service to the shippers, i.e. the first/last mile rail access for those low dense/light demand markets, outside the Class I’s business model (highly loaded corridors), as well as competition enhancers, through the connection of shippers facilities with more than one Class I railroad. The Short Line’s Rail industry role and its inherent freight rail business model have been strengthened in the years that followed the so called Staggers Act (1980), in the U.S., in which freight rail carriers have focused their efforts on the high density rail markets. Meanwhile, the Shortlines, also known as Class II and Class III freight rail companies, have lead the way in the light density branch lines, providing a customized freight rail service to those shippers located outside the boundary limits of the rail trunk corridors. The importance of Shortline for the U.S. freight rail industry is illustrated by the 603 U.S. shortlines currently operating on 76,000 km (47,500 miles), providing service for one in five (20%) cars moving each year, which accounts for 29% of freight rail production in the country. Furthermore, the recent launch of the controversial Class I Precision Schedule Railroading (PSR) concept, and its inherent asset maximization (mainly associated with disruptive service features — essentially lane and yards closures), has strengthened the strategic importance of Shortlines in the U.S. freight rail scenario, which ultimately requires an improved Class I – Shortline relationship, to guarantee/maintain a connection between shippers (farmers, manufacturers and other industries), and the customers market. Brazil, a continental country located in South America, has a sprawled and low density rail network (28,218 km – 17,636.25 mi). Besides sprawled/low density, the Brazilian rail network is not uniformly demanded, with just 40% of the network with used (demanded) capacities higher than 50%, basically associated with iron ore and agricultural commodities transport (which accounts for almost 80% of the country’s whole freight rail production), while almost 60% of the network remain with very light use (available capacity higher than 80%). This picture shows a great opportunity for the introduction of the Shortline Rail Concept in the Brazilian Freight Rail System, focused on smaller rail operators to provide a customized and accessible freight rail service for shippers located in the influence area of the rail network. To reach this target, Brazil has basically two alternative pathways: i) a structural approach, associated with a complete network restructuration (in a similar way the U.S. Class I railroads have marketed unproductive branches to short line operators) and ii) a regulatory approach, in which the current concession format would be maintained, with the imposition of rail stretches production targets to current rail concessionaires (incumbents), which ultimately could be encouraged to set operational partnerships with the so called Independent Rail Operators (IRO), to comply with those production rail targets. This work is supposed to present an overview, in a review format, of the North American Shortline Freight Rail experience, highlighting its operational regime/requirements, the business model, the tax incentives and the Shortline’s role in the class I PSR scenario. This analysis is, then, followed by an assessment of the perspectives and the inherent pathways for a Shortline Freight Rail Model implementation in Brazil.
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ROJAS, H. PÉREZ, and E. RODRÍGUEZ QUERTS. "VACUUM PRESSURES IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD AND CASIMIR FORCES." In Proceedings of the MG10 Meeting held at Brazilian Center for Research in Physics (CBPF). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704030_0308.
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de Albuquerque Vasconcelos, Elinaldo, Amauri Alfredo Brandalize, and Ulisses Dias Amado. "Pipeline Management With Photogrammetry, Laser Scanning and WEB Mapping." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27164.
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The up-to-date and true information is one of the most important items of a business, mainly when this business acts in international markets due to the participation of international Companies. TRANSPETRO, integral subsidiary of PETROBRAS, is the Brazilian operator for the great majority of pipelines of petroleum and natural gas in Brazil, built among the years of 1951 and 2001. Fifty years of pipeline history are registered in the most different formats and media ways. This situation generated difficulties to access the information and consequently it provoked the occurrence of lacks of information. The most serious problems were observed in the moment of retrieving the information about the location of the old pipelines when the implantations of new ones are required or in the case of an emergency intervention. Investments of US$ 15 million (2001/2002) were accomplished by mapping (orthophotos), detailed drawings with as-built status and profiles, installed equipment (valves etc), geodesic network with high precision points with GPS coordinates (Global Positioning System), new register of land-owners of the right-of-way, users and operators training, data distribution in the Company network (Intranet) in GIS format — Geographical Information System, formed an alliance with the WEB Mapping. For the execution of the activities several technologies were used, including airborne sensors (laser scanning and aerial photos). Now, a database with high degree of precision can be accessed by the users with images of high definition, to verify information of the installed equipment and to do the planning of amplifications of the system or maintenance, resulting in larger operational reliability of the pipelines.
Reports on the topic "Brazilian Forest Act"
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Rocha, Camila. The New Brazilian Right and the Public Sphere. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/rocha.2021.32.
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This paper traces the origins of the New Brazilian Right, regarding the emergence of new leaders, new forms of expression and organization, as well as new sets of ideas, namely libertarianism and anti-globalism. Based on more than thirty in-depth interviews, conducted between 2015 and 2019 with right-wing leaders and activists; on a collection of historical data from right-wing organisations’ archives between 2015 and 2018, and on public data, I argue that this phenomenon started in the mid-2000s, after the onset of a corruption scandal related to the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) and the dissemination of the pioneering social network Orkut in Brazil. This social network, founded in 2004, preceded Facebook’s popularity in Brazil and enabled the creation of alternative and disruptive spaces of debate, referred to here as “counterpublics”. By mid- to late 2010s, during the 2014 protests for the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and Jair Bolsonaro’s 2018 presidential campaign, this emerging new right would be at full throttle.